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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣西工程職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.填空題

Who(

)youhowtowriteChinesecharacters?Yourcalligraphyisreallyimpressive!

【答案】

taught

【解析】語義題。句意:誰你寫書法?你的書法真令人欽佩!因此空格處應為“教”。而且此處應為過去式,故填taught。

2.填空題

Businessandgovernmentleadersconsidertheinflationratetobeanimportantgeneralindicator.Inflationisaperiodofincreasedspendingthatcausesrapidrisesinprices.Whenyourmoneybuysfewergoodssothatyouget(1)forthesameamountofmoneyasbefore,inflationistheproblem.Thereisageneralrise(2)thepricesandservices.Yourmoneybuysless.Sometimespeopledescribeinflationasatimewhen“adollarisnotworthadollaranymore”.

Inflationisaproblemforallconsumers.Peoplewholiveonafixedincomearehurtthebest.Retiredpeople,forinstancecannotcount(3)anincreaseinincomeaspricesrise.Elderlypeoplewhodonotworkfaceseriousproblemsinstretchingtheirincomesto(4)theirneedsintimeofinflation.Retirementincomeoranyfixedincomeusuallydoesnotriseasfastasprices.Manyretiredpeoplemustcuttheirspendingtokeepupwithrisingprices.Inmanycasestheymuststop(5)somenecessaryitems,suchasfoodandclothing.Evenforworkingpeoplewhoseincomesaregoingup,inflationcanbeaproblem.Thecostoflivinggoes(6),too.Peoplewhoworkmusthaveevenmoremoneytokeepuptheirstandardofliving.Justbuyingthethingstheyneedcostsmore.Whenincomesdonotkeeppacewith(7)prices,thestandardoflivinggoesdown.Peoplemaybeearningthesame(8)ofmoney,buttheyarenotlivingaswellbecausetheyarenotabletobuyasmanygoodsandservices.

Governmentunitsgatherinformationaboutpricesinoureconomyandpublishitaspriceindexesfrom(9)therateofchangecanbedetermined.Apriceindexmeasureschangesinpricesusingthepriceforagivenyearasthebase.Thebasepriceissetat100,andtheotherpricesarereportedasapercentageofthebaseprice.Apriceindexmakes(10)possibletocomparecurrentpricesoftypicalconsumergoods,forexample,withpricesofthesamegoodsinpreviousyear.

【答案】1.less

2.in

3.on

4.meet

5.buying

6.down

7.rising

8.amount

9.which

10.it

【解析】1.考查前后邏輯。空格處所在句子的前一句解釋了什么是通貨膨脹:消費需求增加,物價上漲,從而貨幣貶值。用同樣的錢買到的東西比以前要少,所以空格處填less。

2.考查固定搭配。在某些方面增加用介詞in。

3.考查固定搭配。counton“指望,依靠”,退休人員指望不上收入能夠隨著物價上漲而增加。

4.考查固定搭配。meetone’sneeds“滿足某人的需要”,老年人在通貨膨脹的時代無法讓自己的收入來滿足自己的需求。

5.考查動詞用法。空格處所在句子的前一句句意是:許多退休人員為了跟上上漲的物價,必須要縮減自己的開支。由此可知他們放棄了很多需要購買的東西,buying符合題意。

6.考查固定搭配。godown“下降”。由于通貨膨脹,導致了生活開支水平下降。

7.考查前后邏輯。全文一直提到物價上漲,空格處需要填寫的也是一個表示物價增長的詞,rising符合題意。

8.考查固定搭配。thesameamountof“同等數(shù)量的”。

9.考查定語從句。定語從句用來修飾priceindexes(價格指數(shù)),which符合題意。

10.考查固定用法。makeitpossible“使它成為可能”。

3.單選題

AbustookhimtotheWestEnd,where,amongthecrazycoloredfountainsofillumination,shatteringtheblueduskwithgreenandcrimsonfire,hefoundthecaféofhischoice,atea-shopthathadgonemadandturned.Babylonian,awhitepalacewithtenthousandlights.Itstoweredabovetheotherbuildinglikeacitadel,whichindeeditwas,theoutpostofanewage,perhapsanewcivilization,perhapsanewbarbarism;andbehindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel,justasbehindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny.Somewhereinthebackground,hiddenaway,behindthetenthousandlightsandacresofwhitenaperyandbewilderingglitteringrowsofteapots,behindthethousandwaitressesandcash-boxgirlsandblack-coatedfloormanagersandtemperamentallong-hairedviolinists,behindthemoundsofcauldronsofstewedsteak,thevanloadsofices,wereafewmenwhowenttoworkjugglingwithfractionsofafarming,whoknewhowmanyunitsofelectricityittooktofinishasteak-and-kidneypuddingandhowmanyminutesandsecondsawaitress(fivefeetfourinheightandinaveragehealth)wouldneedtocarryatrayofgivenweightfromthekitchenlifetothetableinthefarcomer.Inshort,therewasawarm,sensuous,vulgarlifefloweringintheupperstoreys,andacoldscienceworkinginthebasement.Suchasthegigantictea-shopintowhichTurgismarched,insearchnotofmererefreshmentbutofalltheenchantmentofunfamiliarluxury.Perhapsheknewinhisheartthatmenhaveconqueredhalftheknownworld,lootedwholekingdoms,andneverarrivedinsuchluxury.Theplacewasbuiltforhim.

Itwasbuiltforagreatmanyotherpeopletoo,and,asusual,theywereallthere.Itseemedwithhumanity.Themarbleentrancehall,pileddizzilywithbonbonsandcakes,wasascrowdedandbustlingasarailwaystation.Thegloomandgrimeofthestreets,therawair,allNovember,wereatonceleftbehind,forgotten:theatmosphereinsidewasgolden,tropical,belongingtosomehighmid-summerofconfectionery.Disdainingthelifts,Turgis,oncemoreexcitedbythesight,sound,andsmellofitall,climbedthewidestaircaseuntilhereachedhisfavoritefloor,whereanorchestra,ledbyayoungJewishviolinistwithwanderinglustrouseyesandapassionfortremoloeffects,actedasamagnettoathousandgirls,scentedair,thesensuousclamorofthestrings;and,ashestoodhesitatingamoment,halfdazed,therecame,bowing,asleekgraveman,olderthanhewasandfarmoredistinguishedthanhecouldeverhopetobe,whomurmureddeferentially:“Forone,sir?Thisway,please,”Shyly,yetproudly,Turgisfollowedhim.

1.That“behindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel”suggeststhat().

2.Thefollowingwordsorphrasesaresomewhatcriticalofthetea-shopEXCEPT().

3.Initscontextthestatementthat“theplacewasbuiltforhim”meansthatthecaféwasintendedto().

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesecondparagraphisNOTtrue?

5.ThefollowingarecomparisonsmadebytheauthorinthesecondparagraphEXCEPTthat().

問題1選項

A.modernrealisticcommercialismexistedbehindtheluxuriousappearance

B.therewasafundamentalfalsenessinthestyleandtheappealofthecafé

C.thearchitecthadmadeasensibleblendofoldandnewbuildingmaterials

D.thecaféwasbasedonphysicalfoundationsandrealeconomicstrength

問題2選項

A.“...turnedBabylonian”

B.“perhapsanewbarbarism”

C.“acresofwhitenapery”

D.“balancedtothelasthalfpenny”

問題3選項

A.pleasesimplepeopleinasimpleway

B.exploitgulliblepeoplelikehim

C.satisfyademandthatalreadyexisted

D.providerelaxationfortiredyoungmen

問題4選項

A.Thecaféappealedtomostsensessimultaneously.

B.Thecaféwasbothfullofpeopleandfullofwarmth.

C.Theinsideofthecaféwascontrastedwiththeweatheroutside.

D.Itstressedthecommercialdeterminationofthecaféowners.

問題5選項

A.theentrancehalliscomparedtoarailwaystation

B.theorchestraiscomparedtoamagnet

C.Turgiswelcomedtheliftlikeaconqueringsoldier

D.theinteriorofthecaféiscomparedtowarmcountries

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干:“behindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel”,代表著_________。由引號部分的內(nèi)容,可以定位到文章第一段第三句話Itstoweredabovetheotherbuildinglikeacitadel,whichindeeditwas,theoutpostofanewage,perhapsanewcivilization,perhapsanewbarbarism;andbehindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel,justasbehindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny.(它像城堡一樣高聳于其他建筑之上,確實是一個新時代的前哨,也許是一種新的文明,也許是一種新的野蠻;在薄大理石的后面是混凝土和鋼鐵,就像在奢侈的背后是數(shù)百萬便士,平衡到最后的半便士。)。根據(jù)上下文,it指代的是上文的awhitepalace.“justas”引導一個比較狀語從句,把“behindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel”與“behindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny”進行比較。采用了象征的手法,“thinmarblefront”象征著外貌浮華,實則脆弱,“concreteandsteel”,象征著本質現(xiàn)實,與商業(yè)無差。所以我們可以得出選項A“奢華外表的背后是現(xiàn)代現(xiàn)實主義的商業(yè)主義”,符合題意。B選項“咖啡館的風格和魅力存在一個基本的虛偽”和D選項“咖啡館是基于物理基礎和真實的經(jīng)濟實力”,都是在說咖啡館的特征,故不符合題意。C選項“建筑師將新舊建筑材料合理地混合在一起”,此處不是在講建筑材料,而是通過建筑材料引申出更深刻的含義,故C選項錯誤。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是A選項。

2.推理判斷題。題干:以下單詞除了______,都是在批判茶館。A選項的單詞可以定位到文章第一段第一、二句atea-shopthathadgonemadandturned.Babylonian,awhitepalacewithtenthousandlights.(一家已經(jīng)瘋了,變了樣的茶館。巴比倫,一座有萬盞燈的白色宮殿),Babylonian用于限定茶館,是一處用典,表示罪惡的、富麗的與critical意義一致,故排除A選項。B選項的單詞可以定位到文章第一段第三句話Ittoweredabovetheotherbuildinglikeacitadel,whichindeeditwas,theoutpostofanewage,perhapsanewcivilization,perhapsanewbarbarism;(它像城堡一樣高聳于其他建筑之上,確實是一個新時代的前哨,也許是一種新的文明,也許是一種新的野蠻),此處barbarism和civilization是對比關系,僅表達中性價值,故B選項錯誤。C選項的單詞定位到文章第一段第四句Somewhereinthebackground,hiddenaway,behindthetenthousandlightsandacresofwhitenaperyandbewilderingglitteringrowsofteapots(在背后的某個地方,隱藏在萬盞燈、大片的白色桌布和一排排令人眼花繚亂的閃閃發(fā)光的茶壺后面),此處體現(xiàn)了鋪張浪費,表達作者的批評,故排除C選項。D選項的單詞可以定位到文章第一段第三句話justasbehindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny.(就像在奢侈的背后是數(shù)百萬便士,平衡到最后的半便士。),此處象征著奢華外表的背后是現(xiàn)代現(xiàn)實主義的商業(yè)主義,也是批判的含義,故排除。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是B選項。

3.事實細節(jié)題。題干:文中的“theplacewasbuiltforhim”意味著咖啡館的目的是________。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后兩句話Suchasthegigantictea-shopintowhichTurgismarched,insearchnotofmererefreshmentbutofalltheenchantmentofunfamiliarluxury.Perhapsheknewinhisheartthatmenhaveconqueredhalftheknownworld,lootedwholekingdoms,andneverarrivedinsuchluxury.Theplacewasbuiltforhim.(比如Turgis建造的巨大的茶館,不僅僅是為了尋找茶點,而是為了尋找所有不熟悉的奢侈品的魅力。也許他心里知道,人類已經(jīng)征服了半個已知的世界,掠奪了整個王國,卻從未有過這樣的奢侈。這地方是為他建造的),咖啡館的性質是它富麗堂皇,鋪張浪費如宮殿,商業(yè)性強。本文全文都是對他的批判。A選項“以簡單的方式愉悅人們”,咖啡館并不簡單,而是奢侈,所以A選項不正確。B選項“利用像他這樣容易上當?shù)娜恕保项}目對咖啡館批判的性質,故B選項符合題意。C選項“滿足已經(jīng)存在的需求”,和D選項“為疲憊的年輕人提供放松”,在文中并未提及。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是B選項。

4.推理判斷題。題干:以下關于第二段的陳述,不正確的是?文章第二段提到當走到咖啡館內(nèi)部時,分別從視覺,嗅覺,聽覺的方面描述了內(nèi)部的情景,所以A選項“咖啡館同時吸引了大多數(shù)感官”,符合題意。B選項“咖啡館既充滿了人,又充滿了溫暖”,第二段并沒有提及咖啡館里面有沒有人,而溫暖也是由于其奢侈的裝修帶來的視覺感受,是一種諷刺,所以B選項不正確。第二段第三句話Thegloomandgrimeofthestreets,therawair,allNovember,wereatonceleftbehind,forgotten:theatmosphereinsidewasgolden,tropical,belongingtosomehighmid-summerofconfectionery.(整個11月,街道上的陰暗、污濁和空氣都立刻被拋在腦后,遺忘了。屋里的氣氛是金黃的、熱帶的,像是糖果店的盛夏時節(jié)。),可知,C選項“咖啡館的內(nèi)部與外面的天氣形成了鮮明的對比”,正確。通過第二段整個的描述,都是在說咖啡館內(nèi)部的奢華,故D選項“它強調(diào)了咖啡館老板的商業(yè)決心”,也是正確的。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是B選項。

5.事實細節(jié)題。題干:以下是作者在第二段所做的類比,除了_________。由題干定位到文章第二段第一句話Itwasbuiltforagreatmanyotherpeopletoo,and,asusual,theywereallthere.Itseemedwithhumanity.Themarbleentrancehall,pileddizzilywithbonbonsandcakes,wasascrowdedandbustlingasarailwaystation.(它還為許多其他的人建造,像往常一樣,他們都在那里。這似乎是人性的表現(xiàn)。大理石門廳里堆滿了令人眼花繚亂的糖果和蛋糕,擁擠得像火車站一樣。),可知A選項“入口大廳被比作一個火車站”,是作者做的比較,排除A選項。文章第二段第五句話whereanorchestra,ledbyayoungJewishviolinistwithwanderinglustrouseyesandapassionfortremoloeffects,actedasamagnettoathousandgirls(一個年輕的猶太小提琴家?guī)ьI著一支管弦樂隊,他有著明亮的眼睛,對顫音的熱情,像磁鐵一樣吸引著無數(shù)女孩),可知B選項“管弦樂隊被比作一塊磁鐵”,也是作者用的比喻,排除B選項。由文章第二段第四句話theatmosphereinsidewasgolden,tropical,belongingtosomehighmid-summerofconfectionery(里面的氣氛是金黃色的,充滿了熱帶氣息,像是糖果店的盛夏時節(jié)),可知D選項“咖啡館的內(nèi)部被比作溫暖的國家”,也是作者的比喻,故排除D選項。由第二段第五句話Disdainingthelifts,Turgis,oncemoreexcitedbythesight,sound,andsmellofitall,climbedthewidestaircaseuntilhereachedhisfavoritefloor(Turgis對電梯不屑一顧,他再一次為這一切的景象、聲音和氣味而興奮,爬上寬大的樓梯,一直走到他最喜歡的樓層),可知B選項“Turgis像一名勝利的士兵一樣歡迎電梯的到來”,不正確。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是B選項。

4.單選題

AgriculturalprogressprovidedthestimulusnecessarytosetoffeconomicexpansioninmedievalFrance.Aslongasthosewhoworkedthelandwerebarelyabletoensuretheirownsubsistenceandthatoftheirlandlords,allotheractivitieshadtobeminimal,butwhenfoodsurplusesincreased,itbecamepossibletoreleasemorepeopleforgovernmental,commercial,religiousandculturalpursuits.

However,notallthefundsfromtheagriculturalsurpluswereactuallyavailableforcommercialinvestment.Muchofthesurplus,intheformoffoodincreases,probablywenttoraisethesubsistencelevel;anadditionalamount,intheformofcurrencygainedfromthesaleoffood,wentintotheroyaltreasurytobeusedinwagingwar.AlthoughLouisVIIofFranceleviedalesscrushingtaxburdenonhissubjectsthandidEngland’sHenryII,LouisVIIdidspendgreatsumsonanunsuccessfulcrusade,andhisvassals—bothlayandecclesiastic—tookoverspendingwheretheirsovereignstopped.SurplusfundswereclaimedbothbytheChurchandbyfeudallandholders,whereuponcathedralsandcastlesmushroomedthroughoutFrance.

Thesimultaneousprogressofcathedralbuildingand,forinstance,vineyardexpansioninBordeauxillustratestheveryrealcompetitionforavailablecapitalbetweentheChurchandcommercialinterests;theformerproducedinestimablemoralandartisticriches,butthelatterhadastrongerimmediateimpactupongrossnationalproduct.Moreover,thoughallwarsbydefinitionaredefensive,thefrequentcrossingsofarmiesthatlivedoffthelandandimpartiallyburnedallthehutsandbarnsontheirpathconsumedconsiderableresources.

Sincedemandsontheagriculturalsurpluswouldhavevariedfromyeartoyear,wecannotpreciselycalculatetheirimpactonthecommercialgrowthofmedievalFrance.Butwemustbearthatimpactinmindwhenestimatingtheassetsthatwerelikelytohavebeenavailableforinvestment.Nodoubtcastleandcathedralbuildingwasnottotallybarrenofprofit(forthebuilders,thatis),anditproducedintangibledividendsofmaterialandmoralsatisfactionforthecommunity.Evenwarshandedbackafragmentofwhattheytook,atleasttoafew.Still,wecannotplaceonthesameplaneaprimarilydestructiveactivityandaconstructiveone,norexpectthesameresultsfromanewbelltowerasfromanewwatermill.Aboveall,medievalFrancehadlittleroomforinvestmentoverandabovethepreservationoflife.Grantedthatwarcostmuchlessthanitdoestoday,thattheChurchrenderedallsortsofeducationalandrecreationalservicesthatwereunobtainableelsewhere,andthatgovernmentwasfarlessdemandingthanisthemodernstate—nevertheless,formedievalmenandwomen,supportingcommercialdevelopmentrequiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice.

1.Accordingtothepassage,agriculturalrevenuesinexcessoftheamountneededforsubsistencewereusedbymedievalkingsto(

).

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasanimportantsourceofrevenueinmedievalFrance?

3.ThepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingwouldhavereducedtheassetsimmediatelyavailableforcommercialinvestmentinmedievalFrance?

I.Renovationofalargecathedral

II.Asharpincreaseinthebirthrate

III.AninvasionofFrancebyHenryII

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmorepeoplecouldentergovernmentandtheChurchinmedievalFrancebecause(

).

5.Theauthorimpliesthatthereasonwecannotexpectthesameresultsfromanewbelltowerasfromanewwatermillisthat(

).

6.Theauthorofthepassagemostprobablybaseshiscentralargumentonwhichofthefollowingtheoreticalassumptionsoftenmadebyeconomists?

7.TheauthorsuggeststhatcommercialexpansioninmedievalFrance“requiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice”(lines59-60)primarilyforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

8.Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingyieldedthelowestdividendtomedievalmenandwomenrelativetoitscost?

9.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthecentralideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.patronizethearts

B.sponsorpublicrecreation

C.wagewar

D.buildcathedrals

E.fundpubliceducation

問題2選項

A.Cheese

B.Wine

C.Wool

D.Oliveoil

E.Veal

問題3選項

A.IIIonly

B.IandIIonly

C.IandIIIonly

D.IIandIIIonly

E.I,II,andIII

問題4選項

A.thenumberofindividuallandholdingsinheavilyagriculturalareaswasbeginningtoincrease

B.anincreaseinthevolumeofinternationaltradehadbroughtanincreaseinthepopulationofcities

C.adecreaseinwarfarehadallowedthekingtodecreasethesizeofthearmy

D.foodproducerscouldgrowmorefoodthantheyandtheirfamiliesneededtosurvive

E.landlordswereprosperingandthusweredemandingasmallerpercentageoftenants’annualyields

問題5選項

A.belltowersyieldanintangibledividend

B.belltowersprovidematerialsatisfaction

C.watermillscostmoretobuildthanbelltowers

D.watermillsdivertfundsfromcommerce

E.watermillsmightwellbedestroyedbywar

問題6選項

A.Differentpeopleshouldbetaxedinproportiontothebenefittheycanexpecttoreceivefrompublicactivity.

B.Perfectcompetitionexistsonlyinthecasewherenofarmer,merchant,orlaborercontrolsalargeenoughshareofthetotalmarkettoinfluencemarketprice.

C.Apopulationwealthyenoughtocutbackitsrateofconsumptioncanfunneltheresultingsavingsintothecreationofcapital.

D.Afull-employmenteconomymustalways,toproduceonegood,giveupproducinganothergood.

E.Thereisauniversaltendencyforpopulation,unlesscheckedbyfoodsupply,toincreaseinageometricprogression.

問題7選項

A.Cathedralscostmoretobuildandrebuildthandidcastles.

B.Thenumerouswarsfoughtduringtheperiodlefttheroyaltreasurybankrupt.

C.LouisVIIleviedamorecrushingtaxburdenonhissubjectsthandidHenryII.

D.Althoughmuchoftheavailablesurplushadbeendivertedintovineyardexpansion,thevineyardshadnotyetbeguntoproduce.

E.Althoughmorefoodwasbeingproduced,thesubsistencelevelwasnotveryfarabovetheminimumrequiredtosustainlife.

問題8選項

A.Warfare

B.Vineyardexpansion

C.Watermillconstruction

D.Castlebuilding

E.Cathedralbuilding

問題9選項

A.CommercialgrowthinmedievalFrancemaybeaccuratelycomputedbycalculatingthenumberofcastlesandcathedralsbuiltduringtheperiod.

B.CompetitionbetweentheChurchandthefeudalaristocracyforfundscreatedbyagriculturalsurplusdemonstrablyslowedtheeconomicgrowthofmedievalFrance.

C.Despitesuchburdensaswarandcapitalexpansionbylandholders,commerceinmedievalFranceexpandedsteadilyastheagriculturalsurplusincreased.

D.FundsactuallyavailableforcommerceinmedievalFrancevariedwiththedemandsplacedontheagriculturalsurplus.

E.ThesimultaneousprogressofvineyardexpansionandbuildinginmedievalFrancegivesevidenceofarapidlyexpandingeconomy.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:E

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:E

第8題:A

第9題:D

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“inexcessoftheamount”“subsistence”,將信息點定位到原文第二段第二句。“Muchofthesurplus,intheformoffoodincreases,probablywenttoraisethesubsistencelevel;anadditionalamount,intheformofcurrencygainedfromthesaleoffood,wentintotheroyaltreasurytobeusedinwagingwar.(以糧食增長形式出現(xiàn)的大部分盈余,很可能用于提高生活水平;又有因賣糧所得的銀錢,用以打仗。)”即可得出本題答案。

2.

細節(jié)推斷題。定位原文第三段。根據(jù)“vineyardexpansioninBordeauxillustratestheveryrealcompetitionforavailablecapitalbetweentheChurchandcommercialinterests(波爾多葡萄園的擴張表明,教會和商業(yè)利益之間對可用資本的爭奪非常激烈)”即可得出本題答案。

3.

事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“commercialinvestment”“medievalFrance”,將信息點定位到原文第三段。根據(jù)“theformerproducedinestimablemoralandartisticriches”“thoughallwarsbydefinitionaredefensive,thefrequentcrossingsofarmiesthatlivedoffthelandandimpartiallyburnedallthehutsandbarnsontheirpathconsumedconsiderableresources.”從而得出本題答案。

4.事實推斷題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“entergovernmentandtheChurch”,將信息點定位到原文第一段最后一句?!癆slongasthosewhoworkedthelandwerebarelyabletoensuretheirownsubsistenceandthatoftheirlandlords,allotheractivitieshadtobeminimal,butwhenfoodsurplusesincreased,itbecamepossibletoreleasemorepeopleforgovernmental,commercial,religiousandculturalpursuits.(只要那些耕種土地的人勉強能夠保證他們自己和他們的地主的生存,所有其他活動都必須盡量減少,但是,當糧食盈余增加時,就有可能釋放更多的人從事政府、商業(yè)、宗教和文化活動。)”即可得出本題答案。

5.

事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“newbelltower”“newwatermill”,將信息點定位到原文第四段第五句。根據(jù)第四段第三句,“Nodoubtcastleandcathedralbuildingwasnottotallybarrenofprofit(forthebuilders,thatis),anditproducedintangibledividendsofmaterialandmoralsatisfactionforthecommunity.(毫無疑問,城堡和大教堂的建設并不是完全沒有利潤(也就是說,對建筑者來說),它為社會帶來了無形的物質和道德滿足的紅利。)”即可得出本題答案。

6.

細節(jié)推理題。通讀全文,可知作者的核心觀點與選項C的表述最為吻合。從而得出本題答案。

7.

細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“requiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice”,將信息點定位到原文最后一段最后一句,“Grantedthatwarcostmuchlessthanitdoestoday,thattheChurchrenderedallsortsofeducationalandrecreationalservicesthatwereunobtainableelsewhere,andthatgovernmentwasfarlessdemandingthanisthemodernstate—nevertheless,formedievalmenandwomen,supportingcommercialdevelopmentrequiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice.”即可得出本題答案。

8.

細節(jié)推斷題。通讀全文,能發(fā)現(xiàn)戰(zhàn)爭(戰(zhàn)事)對中世紀人們的影響最大。從而得出本題答案。

9.

主旨大意題。通讀全文,發(fā)現(xiàn)本文多次提及的關鍵詞為“agriculturalsurplus”“Fundsavailableforcommerce”“medievalFrance”,從而得出本題的答案。

5.不定項選擇題

Theideahasreignedforyearsthattheagingbrain’sneuronsdieoffbyasmanyas100,000aday—takingwiththemlife’scherishedmemories.But,infactneuron-biologistssuchasAlanPetersofBostonUniversityhaveshowninrecentstudiesthat,whilebraincellsmayshrinkinoldage,theydon’tdieoffinlargenumbers.

What’smore,sayneuroscientists,it’sprimarilythebrain’s“hardware”—thebillionsoftelephone-line-likeconnectionsandrelayswitcheswhichactasprocessingequipment—thatisvulnerabletowearingoutwithage.Thebrain’s“software”—theactualinformationthatfillsupthemindoveralifetime—doesn’tnecessarilydeteriorate.Ifanything,itcangrowmoresophisticated.So,justasrunningthelatestsoftwareprogramonanoldcomputerwilltakemoretimeandmayinvolvesometrouble,onecarstillpossessafirst-rateintelligencewhilelosingsomecognitivespeedlaterinlife.

Whenmentalabilitiesdopasstheirpeak,memoryisn’tthefirsttogo,Powellandotherssay.It’susuallythebrain’scapacitytomakesenseofspatialrelationships—map-readingorfindingyourcaratthemall—whichmaybegintogetdifficultinyour40s.

Adecadelater,theabstractreasoningrequiredtomakeanalogiesdipsdownward.Nexttodropis“verbalmemoryafterdelay”—rememberingdetailsofastoryafterhavingturnedattentiontoothertasks.Butsomementalskills,suchastheabilitytoconcentrateorcalculatemath,seemtoremainsturdylongintooldage.And“procedural”memory—howtoplaygolforrideabike—isusuallynottouchedbyaging.

Even“common”memoryloss,however,shouldn’tbeconsiderednormal.Itcouldbetreatable.NeurologistsatHarvardarefindingthat,laterinlife,thebrainoftenproduceslessacetylcholine(乙酰膽堿),aneurotransmitterinvolvedinmemory.Tentativeresultssuggestthatdrugscouldmimicthemissingchemical.Atleastadozenothersubstancesarealsobeingstudiedaspotentialmemoryboosters.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whenweareold________.

2.Accordingtotheneuroscientists,theinformationinourmind________.

3.Theneuroscientistscompareourbrainwithcomputertoshowthat________.

4.Accordingtothepassage,atwhatagedoourbrainsworkbest?

5.Whatmighthappenwhenweareinour50s?

6.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?

問題1選項

A.ourbrainneuronsdieoffveryquickly

B.ourbrainneuronsdonotdieatall

C.ourbrainneuronsmaybecomesmaller

D.ourbrainneuronstakeawayourcherishedmemories

問題2選項

A.iseasytobelostatoldages

B.doesnotchangeatoldages

C.wearsouteasilywithage

D.canbemorecomplicatedatoldages

問題3選項

A.whenpeoplegetold,theirbrainsworkslowlyasoldmachines

B.humanbeingsareasintelligentascomputers

C.thestructureofourbrainsisverycomplicated

D.agreatdealofinformationcanbestoredinourbrains

問題4選項

A.Whenweareyoungerthanthirty.

B.Whenweareaboutforty.

C.Whenweareoverfifty.

D.Whenweareveryold.

問題5選項

A.Webegintoforgetwherewehaveputourthings.

B.Webegintohavedifficultyinexplainingwhytwothingsarealike.

C.Webegintoforgetthemessagethatwehavebeentold.

D.Webegintoforgethowtooperateamachine.

問題6選項

A.HowToKeepOurMemoriesAtOldAges

B.MemoriesGoesFirstWhenWeAreOld

C.ExploringTheMythOfOurMemory

D.HowToStayMentallyAlert

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:C

【解析】第1題:事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句...whilebraincellsmayshrinkinoldage,theydon’tdieoffinlargenumbers.(……雖然我們的腦細胞會在晚年萎縮,但是并不會出現(xiàn)大量死亡的現(xiàn)象)從這句可知腦細胞不會很快速地死亡,也不是不會死亡只是小范圍地死亡,所以A選項“我們的腦細胞會很快的死亡”和B選項“我們的腦細胞完全不會死亡”錯誤;D選項“我們的腦細胞帶走珍貴的會議”不符合邏輯,因為是腦細胞的死亡才會造成記憶缺失并不是腦細胞帶走我們的記憶。萎縮的細胞會要比普通細胞小。所以答案是C選項“我們的腦細胞可能會變小”。

第2題:事實細節(jié)題。從題干定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二三句話Thebrain’s“software”—theactualinformationthatfillsupthemindoveralifetime—doesn’tnecessarilydeteriorate.Ifanything,itcangrowmoresophisticated.(大腦的“軟件”——一生中裝滿了大腦的實際信息——并不一定會退化。如果要說有什么的話,那就是它(腦細胞)變得更加復雜了)從這句話可知儲存著大腦信息的“軟件”不會退化,所以“軟件”里面的信息也不會輕易丟失,A選項“我們腦海的信息在老年的時候容易忘記”;B選項“我們腦海的信息在老年的時候也不會改變”C選項“我們腦海的信息在老年的時候容易磨損”錯誤;D選項“我們腦海的信息在老年的時候會變得復雜”正確。

第3題:事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段前面三句話it’sprimarilythebrain’s“hardware”—thebillionsoftelephone-line-likeconnectionsandrelayswitcheswhichactasprocessingequipment—thatisvulnerabletowearingoutwithage.Thebrain’s“software”—theactualinformationthatfillsupthemindoveralifetime—doesn’tnecessarilydeteriorate.Ifanything,itcangrowmoresophisticated.(主要是大腦的“硬件”——數(shù)十億充當處理設備的像電話線一樣的連接和繼電器開關(的細胞)——很容易隨著年齡的增長而磨損。大腦的“軟件”——在一生中裝滿了大腦的實際信息——并不一定會退化。如果要說有什么的話,那就是它(腦細胞)變得更加復雜了。)隨著年齡的增長腦細胞里儲藏的信息變得復雜了,但是處理信息的細胞卻隨著年齡的增長老化,這一現(xiàn)象就很像一臺舊電腦運行著最新的軟件,所以A選項“當人們變老之后,我們大腦的工作會如同一臺舊電腦般運行得緩慢”正確。B選項“人類像電腦一樣聰明”,這個說法不符合我們生活邏輯;C選項“我們大腦結構非常復雜”和D選項“大量信息可以儲存在我們腦海中”文章沒有提及。

第4題:事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段Whenmentalabilitiesdopasstheirpeak,memoryisn’tthefirsttogo,Powellandotherssay.It’susuallythebrain’scapacitytomakesenseofspatialrelationships—map-readingorfindingyourcaratthemall—whichmaybegintogetdifficultinyour40s.(鮑威爾和其他生物學家說,當腦力達到頂峰時,記憶力并不是最先消失的。(最先消失的)通常是大腦理解空間關系的能力——看地圖或在商場里找到你的車——在你40多歲的時候,這可能開始變得困難。)從beginto(開始)這個關鍵詞可知40歲的時候,我們的大腦開始走下坡路了,所以40歲時,我們大腦就處于巔峰狀態(tài),因而答案選B。

第5題:事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段第二句話Adecadelater,theabstractreasoningrequiredtomakeanalogiesdipsdownward.(十年后,進行類比所需要的抽象推理能力下降了。)分析兩件事的異同需要我們的抽象邏輯能力,所以B選項“我們解釋某兩件事的相似之處開始變得困難”正確,定位到最后一段第一句話Even“common”memoryloss,however,shouldn’tbeconsiderednormal.Itcouldbetreatable.(然而,即使是“普通的”失憶也不應該被視為正常。它是可以治療的。)失憶不是正常現(xiàn)象而且是可以治愈的,而A選項“我們開始忘記把東西放哪了”,C選項“我們開始忘記別人告訴我們的信息”,D選項“我們開始忘記怎么操作機械了”,這些都是關于失憶的現(xiàn)象的,所以A,C,D不選。

第6題:主旨大意題。文章全文都是在客觀地描述我們腦細胞隨著年齡的增長會出現(xiàn)什么情況,沒有告訴我們應該去什么措施,所以A選項“怎么在老年的時候保持記憶”,以及D選項“怎樣保持機警”不選。B選項“當我們老了,記憶排在第一位”雖然文中有提及,但是不是主題,而且這句話和文章內(nèi)容相對的,所以排除。文章內(nèi)容是根據(jù)記憶來展開的,第一段以人們的錯覺開頭,然后介紹了生物學家相關的實驗驗證腦細胞和記憶的關系,然后描述隨著年齡的增長,記憶出現(xiàn)什么樣的情況,所以答案選C選項“探尋我們記憶之謎”。

6.單選題

Thepostofficeisnot(

)fordamagetoaparcelsentbymailunlessitisinsured.

問題1選項

A.qualified

B.liable

C.guilty

D.jealous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。qualified“合格的,有資格的”;liable“有責任的,有義務的”;guilty“有罪的,內(nèi)疚的”;jealous“妒忌的,猜疑的”。beliablefor“有……責任,有……義務”。由unless…可知郵局對沒投保的包裹的損壞不承擔責任。故B項正確。句意:郵

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