考研考博-英語-德宏職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-德宏職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Duringtheconstructionofskyscrapers,cranesareusedto（）buildingmaterialstotheupperfloors.

問題1選項

A.toss

B.tow

C.hoist

D.hurl

【答案】C

【解析】toss投擲,搖晃;tow拉,牽引;hoist升起,提起;hurl丟下,用力投擲。句意：在摩天大廈的建設期間,使用吊車把建筑材料提到上面的樓層。

2.單選題

TheunfaircriticismleftNormanquite

withanger.

問題1選項

A.spellbound

B.speechless

C.silent

D.mute

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。spellbound“出神的；被迷住的”；speechless“說不出話的”；silent“沉默的”；mute“啞的”。句意：不公平的批評讓諾曼憤怒無語。選項B符合題意。

3.翻譯題

PutthefollowingintoEnglish.

十九世紀末,中國開始舉辦師范教育。1949年中華人民共和國成立之后,在各級政府的關(guān)心和支持下,中國師范教育進入了前所未有的發(fā)展階段。在科學技術(shù)迅猛發(fā)展的今天,振興經(jīng)濟的希望在教育,教師隊伍的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量對教育發(fā)展具有決定性的影響。在中國這樣一個擁有世界教師總量五分之一的龐大教師隊伍的國家,人民教師的地位和作用直接關(guān)系到教育事業(yè)乃至整個國家的發(fā)展。

師范教育(teachereducation)

【答案】Attheendof19thcentury,theteachereducationbeganinChina.SincethefoundationofPeople’sRepublicofChinain1949,ithasundergoneanunprecedenteddevelopmentthankstosolicitudeandsupportofthecentralandlocalgovernmentWiththerapiddevelopmentoftechnologyandsciencenowadays,educationbecomesvitaltothegrowthofeconomy.Itsdevelopment,however,isdeterminedbythenumberanprofessionalexpertiseofteachers.Chinaownsone-fifthoftheteachersofthewholeworld,andthedevelopmentoftheeducationalissuesandeventhewholecountryaredirectlyaffectedbythestatusandfunctionoftheteachers.

4.問答題

Thesecond,orproblem-oriented,approachistheexactopposite.Aspecifichistoricalquestionisformulated,usuallypromptedbyareadingofthesecondaryauthorities,andtherelevantprimarysourcesarethenstudied;thebearingthatthesesourcesmayhaveonotherissuesisignored,theresearcherproceedingasdirectlyaspossibletothepointwhereheorshecanpresentsomeconclusions.Eachmethodencounterssnags.Thesource-orientedapproach,althoughappropriateforanewlydiscoveredsource,mayyieldonlyanincoherentjumbleofdates.Theproblem-orientedapproach,soundslikecommonsenseandprobablycorrespondstomostpeople'sideaofresearch.Butitisoftendifficulttotellinadvancewhatsourcesarerelevant.Aswillbeshownlater,themostimprobablesourcesaresometimesfoundtobeilluminating,whiletheobviousonesmayleadthehistorianintotoocloseanidentificationwiththeconcernsoftheorganizationthatproducedthem.Moreover,foranytopicinWesternnineteenth-ortwentieth-centuryhistory,howevercircumscribedbytimeorplace,thesourcesaresounwieldythatfurtherselectioncanhardlybeavoided,andwithittheriskofleavingvitalevidenceuntouched.

Inpracticeneitheroftheseapproachesisusuallypursuedtothecompleteexclusionoftheother,butthebalancestruckbetweenthemvariesagooddeal.Somehistoriansbegintheircareerswithanarrowlydefinedprojectbasedonalimitedrangeofsources;othersareletlooseonamajorarchivewithonlythevaguestofbriefs.Theformerisonthewholethemorecommon,becauseofthepressuretoproducequickresultsthatisimposedbythePh.Ddegree-theformalapprenticeshipservedbymostacademichistorians.Agreatdealofresearchconsistsnotinferretingoutnewsourcesbutinturningtowell-knownmaterialswithnewquestionsinmind.Yettoosingle-mindedapreoccupationwithanarrowsetofissuesmayleadtoevidencebeingtakenoutofcontextandmisinterpreted-'source-mining'asonecritichascalledit.Itisvital,therefore,thattherelationshipbetweenthehistorianandhisorhersourcesisoneofgiveandtake.Manyhistorianshavehadtheexperienceofsettingoutwithonesetofquestions,onlytofindthatthesourceswhichtheyhadsupposedwouldfurnishtheanswersinsteaddirectedtheirresearchontoquiteadifferentpath.EmmanuelLeRoyLaduriefirstturnedtotheland-taxregistersofruralLanguedocwithaviewtodocumentingthebirthofcapitalisminthatregion;hefoundhimselfinsteadinvestigatingitssocialstructureinthebroadestsense,andinparticulartheimpactofdemographicchange.

Minewastheclassicmisadventure;Ihadwantedtomasterasourceinordertoconfirmmyyouthfulconvictions,butitwasfinallythesourcethatmasteredmebyimposingitsownrhythms,itsownchronology,anditsownparticulartroth.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whatisthefirstapproachtohistoricalstudies?

3.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheproblem-orientedapproachsoundslikecommonsenseandprobablycorrespondstomostpeople'sideaofresearch?

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby'"Inpracticeneitheroftheseapproachesisusuallypursuedtothecompleteexclusionoftheother"?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatshouldbetheappropriatewayofstudyinghistoricalsources?

【答案】1.Itmainlydiscussesabouttwowaysofresearchinghistory.

2.Thesource-orientedapproach.

3.Becausethesource-orientedapproach,althoughappropriateforanewlydiscoveredsource,mayyieldonlyanincoherentjumbleofdates.

4.Theauthormeansthatweshouldusethesource-orientedapproachandproblem-orientedapproachatthesametime.

5.Combinethetwowaysofstudyinghistoryandfindabalancepoint.

5.單選題

Researchfindingsshowwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwe（

）duringtheday.

問題1選項

A.musthavedone

B.shouldhavedone

C.wouldhavedone

D.mayhavedone

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。musthavedone“一定已經(jīng)做了某事”；shouldhavedone“本應該做某事”；wouldhavedone屬于對過去事實的虛擬；mayhavedone“可能已經(jīng)做了某事”。由句中關(guān)鍵詞“nomatter不管”的對應知“可能已經(jīng)做了某事”符合語境，故D項“mayhavedone”正確。

6.單選題

Muchofthelanguageusedtodescribemometarypolicy,suchas“steeringtheeconomytoasoftlanding”or“atouchonthebrakes”,makesitsoundlikeaprecisescience.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Thelinkbetweeninterestratesandinflationisuncertain.Andtherearelong,variablelagsbeforepolicychangeshaveanyeffectontheeconomy.Hencethereisan

analogythatlikenstheconductofmometarypolicytodrivingacarwithablackenedwindscreen,acrackedrear-viewmirrorandafaultysteeringwheel.

Givenallthesedisadvantages,centralbankersseemtohavehadmuchtoboastaboutoflate.Averageinflationinthebigsevenindustrialeconomiesfelltoamere2.3%lastyear,closetoitslowestlevelin30years,beforerisingslightlyto2.5%thisJuly.Thisisalongwaybelowthedouble-digitrateswhichmanycountriesexperiencedinthe1980sandearly1990s.

Itisalsolessthanmostforecastershadpredicted.Inlate2003thepanelofeconomistswhichTheEconomistspollseachmonthsaidthatAmerica'sinflationratewouldaverage3.5%in2004.Infact,itfellto2.6%inAugust,andisexpectedtoaverageonlyabout3%fortheyearasawhole.InBritainandJapaninflationisrunninghalfapercentagepointbelowtheratepredictedattheendoflastyear.Thisisnoflashinthepan,overthepastcoupleofyears,inflationhasbeenconsistentlylowerthanexpectedinBritainandAmerica.

EconomistshavebeenparticularlysurprisedbyfavorableinflationfiguresinBritainandtheUnitedStates,sinceconventionalmeasuressuggestthatbotheconomies,andespeciallyAmerica’s，havelittleproductiveslack.America’scapacityutilisation,forexample,hithistoricallyhighlevelsearlierthisyear,anditsjoblessrate(5.6%inAugust)hasfallenbelowmostestimatesofthenaturalrateofunemployment-theratebelowwhichinflationhastakenoffinthepast.

Whyhasinflationprovedsomild?Themostthrillingexplanationis,unfortunately,alittle,defective.Someeconomistsarguethatpowerfulstructuralchangesintheworldhaveup-endedtheoldeconomicmodelsthatwerebaseduponthehistoricallinkbetweengrowthandinflation.

1.Accordingtothetext,makingmonetarypolicychanges（）.

2.Fromthepassagewelearnthat（）.

3.Thepassagesuggeststhat（）.

4.Bysaying"Thisisnoflashinthepan"(inParagraph3)theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthepresentsituation?

問題1選項

A.iscomparabletodrivingacar

B.issimilartocarryingoutscientificwork

C.willnotinfluencetheeconomyimmediately

D.willhaveanimmediateimpactontheinflationrates

問題2選項

A.thereisaclearrelationshipbetweeninflationandinterestrates

B.theeconomyalwaysfollowsparticulartrends

C.thecurrenteconomicproblemsareentirelypredictable

D.thepresenteconomicsituationisbetterthanexpected

問題3選項

A.thepreviouseconomicmodelsarestillapplicable.

B.anextremelylowjoblessratewillleadtoinflation.

C.ahighunemploymentratewillresultfrominflation.

D.interestrateshaveanimmediateeffectontheeconomy.

問題4選項

A.thelowinflationratewillcontinue

B.theinflationratewillriseagain

C.inflationwilldisappearentirely

D.thereisnoinflationatpresent

問題5選項

A.Tolerant.

B.Indifferent.

C.Disappointed.

D.Surprised.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段提到政策對經(jīng)濟的影響是需要很長一段時間的（andtherearelong,variablelagsbeforepolicychangeshaveanyeffectontheeconomy），選項C的描述與之相符，所以符合題意。

2.文章第一段提到利率與通貨膨脹的關(guān)系并不明確（Thelinkbetweeninterestratesandinflationisuncertain）所以選項A排除；文章提到近年來的經(jīng)濟狀況出乎人們的預期，與預測的不一樣，所以選項B和C不符合。所以選項D符合題意。

3.文章第四段最后一句話theratebelowwhichinflationhastakenoffinthepast提到過去認為失業(yè)率低于正常失業(yè)率時候，通貨膨脹會上升，選項B符合題意。

4.Thisisnoflashinthepan指的是“這不是曇花一現(xiàn)”。文章第三段提到了美國、英國、日本在2004年的低通貨膨脹率后指出，事實上，在過往的幾年中，這些國家的通貨膨脹率一直低于預測（Itisalsolessthanmostforecastershadpredicted）。選項A符合題意。

5.文章多次表示現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)濟狀況好得出乎人們的預料，所以選項D符合題意。

7.單選題

Havingfinishedtheirmorningwork,theclerksstoodupbehindtheirdesks,（

）themselves.

問題1選項

A.expanding

B.stretching

C.prolonging

D.extending

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項expand“擴張，使膨脹”；B選項stretch“伸展，張開”；C選項prolong“延長，拖延（延長時間）”；D選項extend“延伸，擴大，推廣，伸出”。stretchoneself固定搭配的意思是“伸懶腰，伸展身體”，句意為：做完早上的工作后，職員們從桌子后面站起來，伸展伸展身體。故正確答案選B。

8.單選題

Iwasgreatlydisappointed___thataffair.

問題1選項

A.out

B.in

C.to

D.toward

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。bedisappointedin“對……感到失望”，A選項，C選項以及D選項不和bedisappointed搭配。句意：我對那件事非常失望。因此B選項正確。

9.單選題

Plato-whomayhaveunderstoodbetterwhatformsthemindofmanthandosomeofourcontemporarieswhowanttheirchildrenexposedonlyto“real”peopleandeverydayevents-knewwhatintellectualexperiencesmakefortruehumanity.Hesuggestedthatthefuturecitizensofhisidealrepublicbegintheirliteraryeducationwiththetellingofmyths,ratherthanwithmerefactsorso-calledrationalteachings.EvenAristotle,masterofpurereason,said,“Thefriendofwisdomisalsoafriendofmyth.”

Modernthinkerswhohavestudiedmythsandfairytalesfromaphilosophicalorpsychologicalviewpointarriveatthesameconclusion,regardlessoftheiroriginalpersuasion.MirceaEliade,forone,describesthesestoriesasmodelsforhumanbehaviorthatgivemeaningandvaluetolife.”Heandotherssuggestthatmythsandfairytaleswerederivedfrom,orgivesymbolicexpressionto,initiationritesorritesofpassage—suchasmetaphoricdeathofanold,inadequateselfinordertoberebornonahigherplaneofexistence.Hefeelsthatthisiswhythesetalesmeetastronglyfeltneedandarecarriersofsuchdeepmeaning.

Otherinvestigationswithadepth-psychologicalorientationemphasizethesimilaritiesbetweenthefantasticeventsinmythsandfairytalesandthoseinadultdreamsanddaydreams—thefulfillmentofwishes,thewinningoutoverallcompetitors,thedestructionofenemies-andconcludethatoneattractionofthisliteratureisitsexpressionofthatwhichisnormallypreventedfromcomingtoawareness.Thereare,however,verysignificantdifferencesbetweenfairytalesanddreams.

Thereisgeneralagreementthatmythsandfairytalesspeaktousinthelanguageofsymbolsrepresentingunconsciouscontent.Theirappealissimultaneouslytoourconsciousmind,andtoouridealsaswell.Thismakesitveryeffective;andinthetale’scontent,innerpsychologicalphenomenaaregiveninsymbolicform.

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorquotesPlatoandAristotleprimarilyinorderto（）.

2.Inparagraph2,theword“persuasion”means（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor’sinterestinfairytalescenterschieflyontheir

4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardfairytales?

問題1選項

A.definethenatureofmyth

B.contrasttheiropposingpointsofview

C.supportthepointthatmythsarevaluable

D.provethatmythsoriginatedinancienttimes

問題2選項

A.enticement

B.convincingforce

C.politicalpart

D.opinion

問題3選項

A.literaryqualities

B.historicalbackground

C.psychologicalrelevance

D.ethicalweakness

問題4選項

A.Openapproval

B.Reluctantfascination.

C.Indulgenttolerance.

D.Waryskepticism.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.主旨題，考查對文意的理解。根據(jù)第一段，“Hesuggestedthatthefuturecitizensofhisidealrepublicbegintheirliteraryeducationwiththetellingofmyths”，柏拉圖想讓國家的公民以神話故事開始他們的文學教育，亞里士多德也認為神話和智慧同等重要，選項C符合題意。

2.詞義理解題。persuasion本身具有“信念”的意思，文章意思是，那些近代思想家們無論原本的理念是什么，從哲學和心理學的角度去研究神話故事都會得到相同的結(jié)論。所以opinion也有想法，信念的意思。選項D符合題意。

3.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“otherinvestigationswithadepth-psychologicalorientation”，深度的心理調(diào)查，看出作者主要是對其中的心理方面感興趣，根據(jù)第四段“inthetale’scontent,innerpsychologicalphenomenaaregiveninsymbolicform”，在故事中，內(nèi)在的心理現(xiàn)象以象征的形式呈現(xiàn)，也表明了作者對心理的興趣。選項C符合題意。

4.文意理解題。文章第一段作者就表明對神話故事的學習持支持態(tài)度，第二段也提出了神話故事的意義所在，最后一段談到了神話故事的象征意義和心理形式也同樣有吸引力，所以作者是贊同肯定的態(tài)度。選項A符合題意。

10.單選題

Theresidents,（

）hadbeendamagedbytheflood,weregivenhelpbytheRedCross.

問題1選項

A.alltheirhomes

B.allwhosehomes

C.allofwhosehomes

D.alloftheirhomes

【答案】C

【解析】考查非限制定語從句。本句的主干為TheresidentsweregivenhelpbytheRedCross.“_______hadbeendamagedbytheflood”前后有逗號，為非限制性定語從句，先行詞theresidents與home之間是所屬關(guān)系，故用關(guān)系代詞whose，whosehomes作為一個整體充當介詞of的賓語。句意：所有房屋都被洪水破壞的居民得到了紅十字會的幫助。

11.單選題

Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened（

）asuddenloudnoise.

問題1選項

A.beingthere

B.shouldtherebe

C.therewas

D.therehavingbeen

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和選項，可知空格中應填入虛擬條件句，因為省略if，所以應使用倒裝，選項C和D可排除。根據(jù)句意可知，句子是對將來的虛擬，主句形式為should/could/would/might+動詞原形，從句形式為should+動詞原形。句意：如果突然發(fā)出很大的聲音，這些動物很可能會受到驚嚇。因此選項B符合題意。

12.單選題

Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambitionhealth,distinction,controloverone’sdestinymustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambitionifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebamdoorafterthehorseshaveescapedwiththeeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.

Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWsthelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply;thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproperformulationis,“Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.”

Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsandpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.Such,then,isthewaythingsstand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.

1.Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif（）_.

2.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis（）.

3.Somepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambitionbecause（）.

4.Fromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbemaintained（）_.

問題1選項

A.itsreturnswellcompensateforthesacrifices

B.itisrewardedwithmoney,fameandpower

C.itsgoalsarespiritualratherthanmaterial

D.itissharedbytherichandthefamous

問題2選項

A.customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwords

B.toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletout

C.dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoal

D.impracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambition

問題3選項

A.theythinkofitasimmoral

B.theirpursuitsarenotfameorwealth

C.ambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialbenefits

D.theydonotwanttoappeargreedyandcontemptible

問題4選項

A.secretlyandvigorously

B.openlyandenthusiastically

C.easilyandmomentarily

D.verballyandspiritually

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambitionhealth,distinction,controloverone’sdestinymustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.”，可知如果要正確看待雄心壯志，那么它所帶來的健康、名望和對自己命運所帶來的回報，就必須被認為是值得曾經(jīng)的付出的?？膳袛喑霰ж撝挥性诨貓蠛芎玫匮a償了付出的時候，才得以正確看待。選項A符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Thereisheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebamdoorafterthehorseshaveescapedwiththeeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.”，可知作者打了個比方，這種做法帶有濃重的虛偽色彩，就像在馬兒逃跑后關(guān)上門，而受過良好教育的人卻偷偷將馬騎出去。用來比喻在實現(xiàn)抱負之后卻否認隱藏自己的雄心壯志。選項C符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.”，可知現(xiàn)在的情況是，人們不能像以前那樣輕易、公開地承認自己的夢想，以免被認為是將近的、貪婪的和庸俗的?？膳袛喑鲇行┤瞬还_承認他們有野心，是因為他們不想顯得貪婪和可鄙。選項D符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.”，可知左派是憤怒的批評者，右派是愚蠢的支持者，而中間派則像往常一樣，是大多數(shù)認真的人，努力在生活中出人頭地?？赏茢喑鲎髡哒J為我們不應該暗地批評，也不能愚昧地支持，而是應該以公開熱情的態(tài)度對待抱負。選項B符合題意。

13.單選題

Itshowshoweconomicandsocialand,aboveall,politicalchangeshaveplayedtheir

part,sothat,correctly（

）,thepostagestampinwhichmillionsofpeople,youngand

old,findpleasure,knowledgeandevenprofit,hasalwaysbeenafaithfulmirrorofthetimes.

問題1選項

A.interpreting

B.beinginterpreted

C.tobeinterpreted

D.interpreted

【答案】D

【解析】非謂語動詞的用法。A選項interpreting動詞的分詞形式，表示主動；B選項beinginterpreted動詞被動語態(tài)的分詞形式；C選項tobeinterpreted動詞被動語態(tài)的不定式，表示將來或打算；D選項interpreted動詞的過去分詞。句意：最重要的是，這說明了經(jīng)濟、社會、政治變化如何發(fā)揮作用，從而，正確理解應該是，…分析句子可知空格前的內(nèi)容與interpret之間為被動關(guān)系，且應該是過去發(fā)生，而不是正在發(fā)生或?qū)⒁l(fā)生，D選項正確。

14.單選題

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehascometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinorderrespects,appeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence-asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearnedthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeannothing.Notsolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwoundwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk，”theadvocateofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possible,mylord,”thebarristerreplied,“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen（

）.

4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means（

）.

5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis（

）.

問題1選項

A.AdvocatingViolence.

B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.

D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.

問題2選項

A.violenceneversolvesanything.

B.nothing.

C.thebloodshedmeansnothing.

D.everything.

問題3選項

A.can’tgetahearing.

B.arelookeddownupon.

C.Havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.

D.arepersecuted.

問題4選項

A.hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.

B.hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.

C.hegainsnothingafterlistening.

D.hemakesnosenseoftheargument.

問題5選項

A.Lawenforcement

B.Knowledge

C.Moppinguptheviolentmess

D.nonviolence

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。B項(暴力難以消除種族偏見)適合做文章標題。

2.細節(jié)題。第一段指出:Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing(人類的整個歷史記錄，那冗長乏味的暴力記錄，完全沒有教給我們?nèi)魏螙|西)，故選B。

3.推斷題。第二段指出:真正有理智的人鼓吹法制，遭到同類們的輕視、不信任和迫害。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)要人傾聽他們的意見越來越困難。D項是對A,B,C三項的總結(jié)。

4.語義題。Nonethewiser字面意思是“—點也不比以前聰明”。

5.細節(jié)題。第二段指出:如果我們在法律的構(gòu)架中進行工作，真正的持久的解決總是能實現(xiàn)的。因此推斷作者認為,法制是消滅種族歧視的辦法。

15.單選題

Behaviorsthatwedonotunderstandoftenbecomenearlyinvisible—evenwhen,inretrospect,weseehowtrulystrangetheyare.

WhenIwasapsychiatricresident,wehadafacultymemberwhowasfamousforhismessyoffice:stacksofpapersandoldjournalscoveredeverychairandtableaswellasmuchofthefloor.Oneday,asIwalkedpasttheopenofficedoorwithoneofmysupervisors,hemurmuredmildly,“Oddduck.”Andthatwasasfarasanyoneseemedtoreflectonthispeculiarstateofaffairswithinaninstitutionstaffedbypsychiatrists.Eventually,thefacultymemberhadtobegivenanotherofficeinwhichtoseepatients.

Notsurprisingly,thepsychiatricdiagnosticmanualdoesnotlist“messyroom”intheindex.Butitdoesmentionatantalizingsymptom:inability“todiscardworn-outorworthlessobjectsevenwhentheyhavenosentimentalvalue,”Itcomesunderthediagnosisobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorder，anobscurecousinofthemorefamousobsessive-compulsivedisorder.

Iwasbarelyawareofthediagnosis.Everyerahasmentaldisordersthatforculturalorscientificreasonsbecomepopular.InFreud’sdayitwashysteria.Currently,depressionhasmovedtocenterstage.Butotherailmentsgorelativelyignored,andthisdisorderwasone.

Itcamewithalistofadditionalsymptomsthatappearedtobepeculiar;anxietyaboutspendingmoney,excessivedevotiontoworktotheexclusionofleisureactivities,rigidityaboutfollowingrules,perfectionismindoingtasks—attimestothepointofinterferingwithfinishingthem.

Inmoderation,thesymptomsseemedtofitrightinwithourworkaholicculture—perhapsexplainingthelowprofileofthediagnosis.Relentlessworkorientationandperfectionismmayevenbeassetsinrule-anddetail-orientedprofessionslikeaccountingorlaw.

Butwhenthesymptomsaretoointenseorpervasive,theybecomecrippling.Beneaththeseeminglyadaptivebehaviorsliesacentraldisability.Peoplewiththisdiagnosishaveenormousdifficultymakingdecisions.Theylacktheinternalsenseofcompletionthatmostofusexperienceattheendofachoiceoratask,eyenoneassimpleasthrowingsomethingoutormakingapurchase.Inobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorder,thisfeelingoccursonlyafterendlessdeliberationandrevision,ifatall.

Theneedtocomeupwiththe“correct”answer,thebestpurchaseortheperfectproposalleadstoexcessruminationovereachdecision.Itcanevenleadtocompleteparalysis.Forsuchpeople,rulesofallkindsareagodsend—theyrepresentpre-madedecisions.Open-endedassignments,likewritingpapers,arenightmares.

Forsuchapatientorforapsychiatrist，understandingaclusterofdiagnosticsymptomscanbearevelation.Thepictureleapsoutfromthepreviouslydisorganizedbackground.Butundoubtedly,attimeswecanbecometooreductionistic,seeingpatternswherenoneexist:sometimesamessyroomisjustamessyroom.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribespeopl