考研考博-英語-廣東金融學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東金融學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Themanagerpromisedtokeepme（）ofhowourbusinesswasgoingon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobeinformed

B.oninforming

C.informed

D.informing

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。keeprmedofsth.意為“讓某人了解某事”。句意：經(jīng)理答應(yīng)會讓我知道我們的生意進(jìn)展如何。選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.翻譯題

Color-blindpeoplehaveproblemsthatpeoplewhoperceivecolorneverthinkabout.Oneveryrealproblemisthatoftrafficsignsandsignals.Thosethatarered-greencolorblindhavetroubleseeingstopsignsfoundonshadystreetsbecausetheymaynotnoticethemagainsttheleaves.Inaddition,theyhavetroubleidentifyingsignallightsandmustmemorizethepositionofthelightstoknowwhichsignalisbeinggiven.Perhapslessofaproblemisthatofdressing.Thosewhoarefashion-consciousavoidbrightlycoloredwardrobessothattheywillnotwearclashingcolors.Perhapsthegreatesthandicapofcolor-blindpersonsisevidentwhentheyselectoccupations.Forexample,theycannotworkasinteriordecorators,commercialphotographers,painters,airlineorshippilots,orrailroadengineers.

【答案】答：

色盲群體可能遭遇一些能夠正常感知顏色群體從未想過的問題。一個非?，F(xiàn)實(shí)的問題是交通標(biāo)志和信號燈。那些紅綠色盲的人很難看到在樹蔭底下的停車標(biāo)志，因?yàn)樗麄兛赡懿粫⒁獾骄G葉下面的停車標(biāo)志。此外，因?yàn)樗麄冊谧R別信號燈方面有困難，所以他們必須記住信號燈的位置才能知道發(fā)出的是哪個信號?；蛟S還有一個沒有那么嚴(yán)重的問題，那就是著裝。追求時尚的色盲群體會避免色彩鮮艷的衣柜，這樣他們就不會穿顏色不協(xié)調(diào)的衣服。也許在選擇職業(yè)時，色盲群體所面臨的最不利的因素會更加明顯。例如，他們不能從事室內(nèi)裝潢師、商業(yè)攝影師、畫家、航空或船舶駕駛員或鐵路工程師的工作。

3.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtwoparagraphsintoChinese,

Howmanymenwouldhaveconsideredthepossibilityofanapplefallingupintothetree?Newtondidbecausehewasnottryingtopredictanything.Hewasjustwondering.Hismindwasreadyfortheunpredictable.Unpredictabilityispartoftheessentialnatureofresearch.Ifyoudon’thaveunpredictablethings,youdon’thaveresearch.Scientiststendtoforgetthiswhenwritingtheircutanddriedreportsforthetechnicaljournals,buthistoryisfilledwithexamplesofit.

It’saroughworldoutthere.Stepoutsideandyoucouldbreakalegslippingonyourdoormat.Lightupthestoveandyoucouldburndownthehouse.Luckily,ifthedoormatorstovefailedtowarnofcoiningdisaster,asuccessfullawsuitmightcompensateyouforyourtroubles.Orsothethinkinghasgonesincetheearly1980s,whenjuriesbeganholdingmorecompaniesliablefortheircustomers’misfortunes.

【答案】

有多少人會考慮蘋果掉到樹上的可能性？牛頓這樣考慮過，是因?yàn)樗麤]有試圖預(yù)測任何事情。他只是好奇。他的思想已準(zhǔn)備好應(yīng)付不可預(yù)測的事。不可預(yù)測性是研究本質(zhì)的一部分。如果沒有不可預(yù)測的事物，就沒有研究。科學(xué)家們在為專業(yè)的期刊撰寫枯燥的報告時更傾向于不去研究那些自己難以捉摸的事，但歷史上充滿了這樣的例子。

外面是一個危險的世界。如果你走到外面去，可能會滑倒在門墊上，摔傷一條腿。如果你點(diǎn)燃爐子，可能會把房子燒掉。幸運(yùn)的是，如果門墊或爐子沒有發(fā)出制造災(zāi)難的警告，一次成功的訴訟可能會補(bǔ)償你所受的損失。從20世紀(jì)80年代初，人們的想法就是這樣的了，那時候陪審團(tuán)認(rèn)為商家對消費(fèi)者的不幸應(yīng)該負(fù)擔(dān)更多的責(zé)任。

4.單選題

AsforAnn,Iamnotsureabouther（）inItalian.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fluency

B.clarity

C.coherence

D.excellency

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fluency“（語言，文章）流利”；B選項(xiàng)clarity“清晰，清楚”；C選項(xiàng)coherence“一致，連貫性”；D選項(xiàng)excellency“優(yōu)點(diǎn)，美德”。句意：至于安，我不確定她的意大利語是否流利。選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

5.翻譯題

顧客對產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)有不同的價值觀。有的顧客要求價格低，購物方便；有的顧客對價格并不太在意，他們要求產(chǎn)品必須是最新款式，在市場上代表最先進(jìn)的技術(shù)；還有的顧客要求產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)能滿足他們特殊的需求。所以，一家公司若要成為領(lǐng)先市場的首腦公司并保持其競爭優(yōu)勢，就必須根據(jù)自身的條件集中在某個方面做出突出的表現(xiàn)，或者以低成本取勝，或者以最新名優(yōu)產(chǎn)品取勝，或者以與特殊的顧客群建立緊密的關(guān)系取勝。

【答案】Customershavedifferentvaluesaboutproductsandservices.Somecustomersaskforlowpricesandconvenientshopping.Somecustomersdonotcaremuchabouttheprice.Theyrequiretheproductstobeofthelateststyleandtorepresentthemostadvancedtechnologyinthemarket.Othersdemandproductsorservicesthatmeettheirspecificneeds.Therefore,ifacompanywantstobecomealeadingcompanyinthemarketandmaintainitscompetitiveadvantage,itmustfocusonaparticularareaofoutstandingperformanceaccordingtoitsownconditions,eitherbywinningwithlowcost,orbywinningwiththelatestandbestproducts,orbybuildingacloserelationshipwithaparticularcustomergroup.

6.單選題

Toeveryone'ssurprise,thewomancandidatefromasmallparty（

）thepollinthefirstroundofvoting.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eclipsed

B.outshined

C.topped

D.deprived

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。eclipse“遮住……的光”;outshine“使相形見絀”；top“超過”；deprive“剝奪，使喪失”。句意：讓每個人驚訝的是，來自一個小政黨的女候選人在第一輪投票中領(lǐng)先。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.案例題

Howgoodareyouatsaying"no"?Formany,it'ssurprisinglydifficult.Thisisespeciallytrueofeditors,whobynaturetendtobeeagerandengagedparticipantsineverythingtheydo.Considerthesescenarios:

It'slateintheday.Thatfrontpackageyou'vebeenworkingonisnearlycomplete;onelasteditandit'sfinished.Entertheexecutiveeditor,whomakesasuggestionrequiringamore-than-modestrearrangementofthedesignandtheadditionofaninformationbox.Youwanttoscream:"No!It'sdone!"Whatdoyoudo?

Thefirstruleofsayingnotothebossisdon'tsayno.Sheprobablyhassomethinginmindwhenshemakessuggestions,andit'suptoyoutofindoutwhat.Thesecondruleisdon'traisethestakesbychallengingherauthority.Thatissueisalreadydecided.Thethirdruleistobereadytociteoptionsandconsequences.Theboss'ssuggestionsmightbeappropriate,buttherearealwaysconsequences.Shemightnotknowaboutthepagesbackingupthatneedattention,oraboutthedesignerwhohadtogohomesick.Tellhershecanhavewhatshewants,butexplaintheconsequences.Understandwhatshe'stryingtoaccomplishandproposeaPlanBthatwillmakeithappenwithoutdestroyingwhatyou'vedonesofar.

Here'sanothercase.Yourleast-favoritereportersuggestsadumbstoryidea.Thisoneshouldbeeasy,butit'snot.Ifyousayno,evenpolitely,youriskinhibitingfurtherideas,notjustfromthatreporter,butfromotherswhoheardthatyouturneddowntheidea.Thisscenarioiscommoninnewsroomsthatlackasystematicwaytofilterstorysuggestions.

Twostepsarenecessary.First,youneedasystemforhowstoriesareproposedandreviewed.Reporterscantoleraterejectionoftheirideasiftheybelievetheyweregivenafairhearing.Yourgutreaction（本能反應(yīng)）anddismissiverejection,evenofaworthlessidea,mightnotqualifyassystematicorfair.

Second,thepeopleyouworkwithneedtonegotiatea"Whatif...?"agreementcovering"Whatifmyideaisturneddown?"Howarepeopleexpectedtoreact?Isthereanappealprocess?Cantheyrefinetheideaandresubmitit?Byanticipating"Whatif...?"situationsbeforetheyhappen,youcanreachunderstandingthatwillhelpeaseyououtofconfrontations.

1.Insteadofdirectlysayingnotoyourboss,youshouldfindout（）

2.Theauthor'ssecondwarningisthatweshouldavoidrunningagreaterriskby（）

3.Onewayofrespondingtoyourboss'ssuggestionistoexplainthe（）toherandofferanalternativesolution.

4.Toensurefairnesstoreporters,itisimportanttosetupasystemforstoriesto（）

5.Peoplewholearntoanticipate"Whatif...?"situationswillbeabletoreachunderstandingandavoid

（）

【答案】1.whatisinyourboss'mind

2.challengingourboss'sauthority

3.possibleconsequences

4.beproposedandreviewed

5.confrontations

【解析】1.根據(jù)第三段的第二句“Sheprobablyhassomethinginmindwhenshemakessuggestions,andit'suptoyoutofindoutwhat.”。

2.根據(jù)第三段的第三句“Thesecondruleisdon'traisethestakesbychallengingherauthority.”。

3.根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句“Tellhershecanhavewhatshewants,butexplaintheconsequences.Understandwhatshe'stryingtoaccomplishandproposeaPlanBthatwillmakeithappenwithoutdestroyingwhatyou'vedonesofar.”。

4.根據(jù)第五段的第二句“First,youneedasystemforhowstoriesareproposedandreviewed.”。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“youcanreachunderstandingthatwillhelpeaseyououtofconfrontations.”。

8.單選題

Mr.Smithbecamevery____whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingenious

B.empirical

C.objective

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.ingenious精巧的；新穎獨(dú)特的B.empirical經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的

C.objective客觀的D.indignant憤慨的；憤怒的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：當(dāng)有人暗示史密斯先生犯了一個錯誤時，他變得非?！?。根據(jù)邏輯，當(dāng)有人指出自己錯誤的時候，人們會感到非常憤怒。因此史密斯先生被指出錯誤時會變得憤怒。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】當(dāng)有人暗示史密斯先生犯了一個錯誤時，他變得非常憤怒。

9.填空題

【答案】1.was→were

2.speaking→spoken

3.去掉the

4.were→are

5.they→there

6.去掉are

7.on→in

8.in→on

9.east→East

10.was(of)great

【解析】1.考查therebe句型的用法。Therebe句型的構(gòu)成形式一般為“Thereis/are+某物/人+某地/時”，表示某地/時有某物/人。Therebe句型是英語中常用句型，意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”。當(dāng)動詞be后所接的名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞時，be應(yīng)該取單數(shù)is；當(dāng)其后所接的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞時，be用復(fù)數(shù)are。該句中動詞be后面接的名詞是languages，為復(fù)數(shù)，be動詞也應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。句意：在這片大陸上有200到250種不同的語言。因此本題應(yīng)把was改為were。

2.考查非謂語動詞做后置定語。后置定語即定語放在名詞后面，成為后置定語。由于該句已有謂語動詞be動詞，speaking應(yīng)作為非謂語動詞來修飾languages。動詞的非謂語形式，一般包括動名詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞。doing表示正在進(jìn)行的動作，并且/或者是名詞的主動語態(tài)，單個-ing作定語后置，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)動作，-ing短語作定語一般后置，-ing作定語一般要求其動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生或在說話時該動作正在進(jìn)行，否則要用從句作定語。done表示已經(jīng)完成的動作，并且/或者是名詞的被動語態(tài)。該句中的languages和speak是被動關(guān)系，即語言被說，所以應(yīng)用過去分詞。句意：在這片大陸上有200到250種不同的語言。因此本題應(yīng)把speaking改為spoken。

3.考查over的固定用法。over+數(shù)字，表示數(shù)目，數(shù)量，時間，年齡等超過……所以over后面接數(shù)字表示“超過”意思時不用加the。句意：其中一些語言今天仍然存在：大約20種語言仍然存在，但超過150種現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)消失了。因此本題應(yīng)把the去掉。

4.考查時態(tài)一致。英語時態(tài)一致也叫時態(tài)呼應(yīng)。指在復(fù)合句中某些從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)往往受主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)的影響，因此，須保持主從兩部分從句中的時態(tài)一致。該句的主句部分謂語動詞為一般現(xiàn)在時“donotknow”，根據(jù)時態(tài)一致原則，從句部分的謂語動詞也應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。句意：我們現(xiàn)在還不知道整個大陸使用的所有語言的名稱。因此本題應(yīng)把were改為are。

5.考查句意。句意：我們現(xiàn)在不知道整個大陸使用的所有語言的名稱，但有一些生活在這個國家的各種各樣的風(fēng)景和氣候中的語言群體。如果不把they改為there，就會出現(xiàn)指代不明的現(xiàn)象。因此本題應(yīng)把they改為were。

6.考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。英語句子中只能有一個謂語動詞，belivedin不是固定短語搭配，不能用來當(dāng)謂語，所以應(yīng)刪去be動詞和livedin中的一個，而該句子想表達(dá)的意思是：生活在這個國家的各種各樣的風(fēng)景和氣候中的語言群體，所以不能刪去livedin。因此本題應(yīng)刪去are。

27.【試題答案】on→in

【試題解析】考查固定搭配。inthedesert“在沙漠；在沙漠里；在沙漠中”。句意：阿勒特人生活在沙漠地區(qū)。因此本題應(yīng)把on改為in。

8.考查固定搭配。ontheplain“在平原上”。句意：Thurrawai人、Dhurga人和Dyiringa人生活在東南部肥沃的Illawarra平原上。因此本題應(yīng)把in改為on。

9.考查專有名詞。SouthEast“東南；東南方的”為專有名詞，首字母應(yīng)大寫。句意：Thurrawai人、Dhurga人和Dyiringa人生活在東南部肥沃的Illawarra平原上。因此本題應(yīng)把east改為East。

10.考查固定搭配。beofgreatsignificance“有重大意義的；意義重大”。句意：成為一個特定語言群體的成員具有重大的社會和文化意義。因此本題應(yīng)在was后面加上of。

10.單選題

Itisdifficultto（）thisgoalifyouworkhardcontinuously.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attributeto

B.audit

C.bare

D.attain

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。句意：即使你一直努力工作，也很難這個目標(biāo)。attributeto歸因于；audit稽查，審計(jì)；bare揭開;脫掉（衣服）；attain獲得，達(dá)到。因此，D項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.單選題

WhenSarahandI（

）onanarticlefortheschoolnewspaper,wefounditdifficulttoworktogether.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compiled

B.gathered

C.collaborated

D.collected

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。compile“匯集；編輯”；gather“聚會，集會”；collaborate“合作，合著”；collect“收集；集合”。句意：當(dāng)Sarah和我為校報合作一篇文章時，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難與彼此一起工作。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

12.單選題

Nothingcanbemoreabsurdthantosaythathumanbeingsaredoomed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compelling

B.rational

C.ridiculous

D.ambiguous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。absurd表示“荒謬的”；A項(xiàng)compelling“引人注目的，令人信服的”，B項(xiàng)rational“合理的，理性的”，C項(xiàng)ridiculous“可笑的，荒謬的”，D項(xiàng)ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱兩可的”。句意：沒有什么比說人類命中注定更荒謬的了。根據(jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thescentsoftheflowerswas______tousbythebreeze.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intercepted

B.detested

C.saturated

D.wafted

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.intercepted攔截；中途阻止B.detested厭惡，憎恨

C.saturated滲透；飽和D.wafted飄過，飄蕩；吹拂

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】由breeze（微風(fēng)）可知，Thescentsoftheflowers（花的香味）是被風(fēng)吹過來的，因此D項(xiàng)詞義最符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句子意思。

【句意】微風(fēng)向我們吹來了花香。

14.單選題

Look,weareinsuchanawfulsituation.I’dratheryou（）thedatafromtheInternetyesterday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadn’tdownloaded

B.didn’tdownload

C.weren’tdownloading

D.haven’tdownloaded

【答案】A

【解析】虛擬語氣。wouldrather（寧愿）+賓語從句，從句謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動詞用had+過去分詞，故本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

15.單選題

Directions:Thereare15blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.

Aestheticthoughtofadistinctivelymodernartemergedduringthe18thcentury.Thewesternphilosophersandcriticsofthistimedevotedmuchattentiontosuchmatters（1）naturalbeauty,thesublime,andrepresentation—atrendreflectingthecentralpositiontheyhadgiventothephilosophyofnature.（2）thattime,however,thephilosophyofarthasbecomeevermoreprominentandhasbegunto（3）thephilosophyofnature.Variousissuescentraltothephilosophyofarthavehada（4）impact（5）theorientationof20th-centuryaesthetics.

（6）amongtheseareproblemsrelatingtothetheoryofartasformand（7）distinctionbetweenrepresentationandexpression.Stillanotherfar-reachingquestionhastodowiththevalueofart.Twoopposingtheoreticalpositions（8）onthisissue:oneholdsthatartanditsappreciationareameanstosomerecognizedmoralgood,（9）theothermaintainsthatartisintrinsicallyvaluableandisanendinitself.Underlyingthiswholeissueistheconceptoftaste,oneofthebasicconcernsofaesthetics.Inrecentyearstherehasalsobeenanincreasingpreoccupationwithartastheprimeobjectofcriticaljudgment.Correspondingtothetrendincontemporaryaestheticthought,（10）havefollowedeitheroftwoapproaches.Inone,criticismisrestrictedtotheanalysisandinterpretationoftheworkofart.（11）itisdevotedtothearticulatingtheresponsetotheaestheticobjectandto（12）aparticularwayofperceivingit.

Overtheyears,aestheticshasdevelopedintoabroadfieldofknowledgeandinquiry.Theconcernsofcontemporaryaestheticsincludesuch（13）problemsasthenatureofstyleanditsaestheticsignificance;therelationofaestheticjudgmenttoculture;theviabilityofahistoryofart;the（14）ofFreudianpsychologyandotherformsofpsychologicalstudytocriticism;andtheplaceofaestheticjudgmentinpractical（15）intheconductofeverydayaffairs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.as

C.to

D.with

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Since

B.For

C.As

D.In

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.plant

B.supplant

C.transplant

D.replant

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.marking

B.remarking

C.marked

D.remarked

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.for

C.in

D.to

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Foreboding

B.Foremost

C.Forethoughtful

D.Foregone

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.for

C.to

D.on

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.havebrought

B.havebeenbrought

C.havetaken

D.havebeentaken

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.whereas

B.wherein

C.whereon

D.wherefore

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.artists

B.writers

C.critics

D.analysts

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.Intheothermanner

B.Intheotherway

C.Inanother

D.Intheother

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.justify

B.justified

C.justifying

D.havingjustified

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.diverse

B.divided

C.divine

D.dividual

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.reliance

B.reliability

C.relief

D.relevancy

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.reason

B.reasonableness

C.reasoning

D.reasonability

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:D

第15題:C

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。根據(jù)原文句意：這一時期的西方哲學(xué)家和批評家們把大量的注意力放在了諸如自然美、崇高和表現(xiàn)等問題上。suchas意為“諸如，比如”。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

2.考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)句意：然而，從那時起，藝術(shù)哲學(xué)變得更加突出...。since意為“自...以后”符合語境，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)plant“種植，栽培”；B選項(xiàng)supplant“代替，排擠掉”；C選項(xiàng)transplant“移植”；D選項(xiàng)replant“移居”。由關(guān)鍵詞“and”前面的內(nèi)容可知，后面應(yīng)該是指4.藝術(shù)哲學(xué)取代自然哲學(xué)。選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)marking“標(biāo)記的”；B選項(xiàng)remarking“評論”；C選項(xiàng)marked“顯著的”；D選項(xiàng)remarked“評論，察覺”。句意：藝術(shù)哲學(xué)的各種核心問題對20世紀(jì)的美學(xué)方向產(chǎn)生了顯著的影響。選項(xiàng)C符合原文句意。

6.考查固定搭配。haveanimpactonsth.為固定介詞搭配，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

7.形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)Foreboding“預(yù)感的，不祥之兆的”；B選項(xiàng)Foremost“最重要的，居于首位的”；C選項(xiàng)Forethoughtful“深謀遠(yuǎn)慮的，有先見之明的”；D選項(xiàng)Foregone“過去的，先前的”。根據(jù)下一句“Stillanotherfar-reachingquestion...”可知，填空處所填單詞應(yīng)和“far-reaching”相對應(yīng)。句意：在這些問題中，最重要的是有關(guān)藝術(shù)作為形式的理論...。選項(xiàng)B更符合原文語境。

8.考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里是由and連接的兩個并列句，and后面實(shí)際上省略了“relation”，所以后面的介詞應(yīng)該填入“to”，選項(xiàng)C正確。

9.考查語法時態(tài)。根據(jù)下文“oneholdsthat...”可推測，填空處應(yīng)表示：在這個問題上，采取了兩種對立的理論立場。由此可排除選A和B；再分析句子可知，這里的主語是“Twoopposingtheoreticalpositions”，所以應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài)，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

10.考查邏輯連詞。A選項(xiàng)whereas“然而”；B選項(xiàng)wherein“在其中，在何處”；C選項(xiàng)whereon“在那上面”；D選項(xiàng)wherefore“因此”。根據(jù)句意：一種立場認(rèn)為，藝術(shù)以及對藝術(shù)的欣賞是實(shí)現(xiàn)某些公認(rèn)的道德行為的一種手段，另一種觀點(diǎn)則認(rèn)為，藝術(shù)本身就具有價值，這也是它自身的目的。這是兩種相反的觀念，所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文語境。

11.上下文推斷題。根據(jù)上文“Inrecentyearstherehasalsobeenanincreasingpreoccupationwithartastheprimeobjectofcriticaljudgment.近年來，人們也越來越專注于把藝術(shù)作為批判性判斷的主要對象?！备鶕?jù)關(guān)鍵詞“criticaljudgment”以及下文的關(guān)鍵詞“criticism”可知，填空處應(yīng)填入批評家。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

12.上下文推斷題。根據(jù)上文的“Inone”，可知填空處應(yīng)填入“Intheother”，都是省略了approach這個單詞，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

考查并列結(jié)構(gòu)。這里是由and連接的兩個并列結(jié)構(gòu)，前面句子的謂語動詞是“articulating”，所以填空處也應(yīng)該使用動詞的-ing形式。選項(xiàng)C正確，選項(xiàng)D是完成時態(tài)，不符合語法結(jié)構(gòu)和語境。

13.形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)diverse“多種多樣的”；B選項(xiàng)divided“分裂的，分開的”；C選項(xiàng)divine“神圣的，天賜的”；D選項(xiàng)dividual“分開的，獨(dú)特的”。句意：當(dāng)代美學(xué)關(guān)注的問題包括風(fēng)格的本質(zhì)及其美學(xué)意義等多方面的問題。選項(xiàng)A符合原文句意。

14.形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)reliance“信賴，信心”；B選項(xiàng)reliability“可靠性”；C選項(xiàng)relief“救濟(jì)，減輕，解除”；D選項(xiàng)relevancy“關(guān)聯(lián)，恰當(dāng)”。句意：審美與文化的關(guān)系；藝術(shù)歷史的可行性；弗洛伊德心理學(xué)和其他形式的心理學(xué)研究與批評的關(guān)聯(lián)性...。選項(xiàng)D更符合語境。

15.形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)reason“原因”；B選項(xiàng)reasonableness“合理，妥當(dāng)”；C選項(xiàng)reasoning“推理，論證”；D選項(xiàng)reasonability“合理性”。根據(jù)句意：...以及審美判斷在日常事務(wù)的實(shí)踐推理中的地位。選項(xiàng)C符合原文語境。

16.單選題

Eachadvanceinmicroscopictechniquehasprovidedscientistswithnewperspectiveonthefunctionoflivingorganismsandthenatureofmatteritself.Theinventionofthevisible-lightmicroscopelateinthesixteenthcenturyintroducedapreviouslyunknownrealmofsingle-celledplantsandanimals.Inthetwentiethcentury,electronmicroscopeshaveprovideddirectviewsofvirusesandminusculesurfacestructures.Nowanothertypeofmicroscope,onethatutilizesX-raysratherthanlightorelectrons,offersadifferentwayofexaminingtinydetails;itshouldextendhumanperceptionstillfartherintothenaturalworld.

ThedreamofbuildinganX-raymicroscopedatesto1895;itsdevelopment,however,wasvirtuallyhaltedinthe1940’sbecausethedevelopmentoftheelectronmicroscopewasprogressingrapidly.Duringthe1940’s,electronmicroscopesroutinelyachievedresolutionbetterthanthatpossiblewithavisible-lightmicroscope,whiletheperformanceofX-raymicroscopesresistedimprovement.Inrecentyears,however,interestinX-raymicroscopeshasrevived,largelybecauseofadvancessuchasthedevelopmentofnewsourcesofX-rayillumination.Asaresult,thebrightnessavailabletodayismillionsoftimesthatofX-raytubes,which,formostofthecentury,weretheonlyavailablesourcesofsoftX-rays.

ThenewX-raymicroscopesconsiderablyimproveontheresolutionprovidedbyopticalmicroscopes.Theycanalsobeusedtomapthedistributionofcertainchemicalelements.Somecanformpicturesinextremelyshorttimes;othersholdthepromiseofspecialcapabilitiessuchasthree-dimensionalimaging.Unlikeconventionalelectronmicroscopy,X-raymicroscopyenablesspecimenstobekeptinairandinwater,whichmeansthatbiologicalsamplescanbestudiedunderconditionssimilartotheirnaturalstate.Theilluminationused,so-calledsoftXraysinthewavelengthrangeoftwentytofortyangstroms(anangstromisoneten-billionthofameter),isalsosufficientlypenetratingtoimageintactbiologicalcellsinmanycases.BecauseofthewavelengthoftheXraysused,softX-raymicroscopeswillnevermatchthehighestresolutionpossiblewithelectronmicroscopes.Rather,theirspecialpropertieswillmakepossibleinvestigationsthatwillcomplementthoseperformedwithlight-andelectron-basedinstruments.

1.Whatisthethemedoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormentionthevisible-lightmicroscopeinthefirstparagraph?

3.WhydidittakesolongtodeveloptheX-raymicroscope?

4.Basedontheinformationinthepassage,whatcanbeinferredaboutX-raymicroscopesinthefuture?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thedetailseenthroughamicroscope.

B.Outdatedmicroscopictechniques.

C.Sourcesofilluminationformicroscopes.

D.Anewkindofmicroscope

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ToputtheX-raymicroscopeinahistoricalperspective.

B.Tobeginadiscussionofsixteenth-centurydiscoveries.

C.Toshowhowlimiteditsusesare.

D.Toexplainhowitfunctioned.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Fundsforresearchwereinsufficient.

B.Thesourceofilluminationwasnotbrightenoughuntilrecently.

C.MaterialsusedtomanufactureX-raytubesweredifficulttoobtain.

D.X-raymicroscopesweretoocomplicatedtooperate.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theywillprobablyreplaceelectronmicroscopealtogether.

B.Theywilleventuallybemuchcheapertoproducethantheyarenow.

C.Theywillprovideinformationnotavailablefromotherkindsofmicroscopes.

D.Theywilleventuallychangetheilluminationrangethattheynowuse.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由第一段“Nowanothertypeofmicroscope,onethatutilizesX-raysratherthanlightorelectrons,offersadifferentwayofexaminingtinydetails;itshouldextendhumanperceptionstillfartherintothenaturalworld.現(xiàn)在，另一種顯微鏡，利用x射線而不是光或電子，提供了一種觀察微小細(xì)節(jié)的不同方法;它應(yīng)該把人類的感知能力進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展到自然界?！奔暗诙巍癟hedreamofbuildinganX-raymicroscopedatesto1895;制造x射線顯微鏡的夢想可以追溯到1895年”可知本文講的是一種新的顯微鏡，故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。定位第一段中“Eachadvanceinmicroscopictechniquehasprovidedscientistswithnewperspectiveonthefunctionoflivingorganismsandthenatureofmatteritself.顯微技術(shù)的每一個進(jìn)步都給科學(xué)家提供了新視角對生物體的功能和物質(zhì)本身的性質(zhì)?！奔啊癟heinventionofthevisible-lightmicroscopelateinthesixteenthcenturyintroducedapreviouslyunknownrealmofsingle-celledplantsandanimals.Inthetwentiethcentury,electronmicroscopeshaveprovideddirectviewsofvirusesandminusculesurfacestructures.16世紀(jì)晚期可視光學(xué)顯微鏡的發(fā)明引入了單細(xì)胞植物和動物的未知領(lǐng)域。在二十世紀(jì)，電子顯微鏡提供了對病毒和微小表面結(jié)構(gòu)的直接觀察?！笨芍峒翱梢姽怙@微鏡的目的是“從歷史的角度來看待x射線顯微鏡”故A項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位第二段中“Inrecentyears,however,interestinX-raymicroscopeshasrevived,largelybecauseofadvancessuchasthedevelopmentofnewsourcesofX-rayillumination.Asaresult,thebrightnessavailabletodayismillionsoftimesthatofX-raytubes,which,formostofthecentury,weretheonlyavailablesourcesofsoftX-rays.然而，近年來，人們對x射線顯微鏡的興趣又復(fù)活了，這在很大程度上是由于x射線照明新光源等技術(shù)的發(fā)展。結(jié)果，今天可用的亮度是x射線管的數(shù)百萬倍，在本世紀(jì)的大部分時間里，x射線管是唯一可用的軟x射線源?？芍狟項(xiàng)“直到最近，光源才足夠明亮?！闭_，ACD三項(xiàng)都沒有提及。答案B。

4.判斷推理題。定位最后一段中“Rather,theirspecialpropertieswillmakepossibleinvestigationsthatwillcomplementthoseperformedwithlight-andelectron-basedinstruments.相反，它們的特殊性質(zhì)將使研究成為可能，這將補(bǔ)充那些用光和電子儀器進(jìn)行的研究?？芍狢項(xiàng)“X射線將提供其他種類的顯微鏡無法提供的信息?！闭_。

17.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrustrepresentsanearlyunlimitedenergysource,butuntilrecentlycommercialretrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecoverysystems.These-systemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity,where,highratesofheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformofgeysersandhotsprings.Inotherareas,however,hotrockalsoexistsnearthesurfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceeruptivephenomena.Thusapotentialhotdryrock(HDR)reservoirexistswhenevertheamountofspontaneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexistingcommercialsystems.

Asaresultoftherecentenergycrisis,newconceptsforcreatingHDRrecoverysystems—whichinvolvedrillingholesandconnectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplaceddeepwithinthecrust—arebeingdeveloped.InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHDR’s,artificialstimulationwillberequiredtocreateeithersufficientpermeabilityorboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycirculationofafluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.

TheHDRresourcebaseisgenerallydefinedtoincludecrustalrockthatishotterthan150℃,isatdepthslessthantenkilometers,andcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailableequipment.Althoughwellsdeeperthantenkilometersaretechnicallyfeasible,prevailingeconomicfactorswillobviouslydeterminethecommercialfeasibilityofwellsatsuchdepths.Rocktemperaturesaslowas100°Cmaybeusefulforspaceheating;however,forproducingelectricity,temperaturesgreaterthan200°Caredesirable.

Thegeothermalgradient,whichspecificallydeterminesthedepthofdrillingrequiredtoreachadesiredtemperature,isamajorfactorintherecoverabilityofgeothermalresources.TemperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperaturedepthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationofPetroleumGeologistssuggestthattappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrosstheUnitedStates.(Therearemanyareas,however,forwhichnotemperaturegradientrecordsexist.)

IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperaturegradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoatenkilometerdepthintheUnitedStates.Ifweconservativelyestimatethatonlyabout0.2percentisrecoverable,wefindatotalthatiscomparabletotheestimatedresourcebaseofallthecoalremainingintheUnitedStates.Theremainingproblemistobalancetheeconomicsofdeeper,hotter,morecostlywellsandshallower,cooler,lessexpensivewellsagainstthevalueofthefinalproduct,electricityand/orheat.

8.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

9.Thepassagewouldbemostlikelytoappearina（）.

10.Accordingtopassage,anaveragegeothermalgradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthcanbeusedto（）.

11.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheavailabilityoftemperature-depthrecordsforanyspecificareasintheUnitedStatesdependsprimarilyonthe（）.

12.Accordingtothepassage,inallHDRrecoverysystemsfluidwillbenecessaryinordertoallow（）.

13.Accordingtothepassage,iftheaveragegeothermalgradientinanarea22°Cperkilometerofdepth,whichofthefollowingcanbereliablypredicted?

I.Thetemperatureatthebaseofa10-kilometerwellwillbesufficientfortheproductionofelectricity.

II.Drillingofwellsdeeperthan10kilometerswillbeeconomicallyfeasible.

III.Insufficientwaterispresenttoproduceemotivephenomena.

14.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alertreaderstotheexistenceofHDRsasanavailableenergysource

B.documentthechallengesthathavebeensurmountedintheefforttorecoverenergyfromHDRs

C.warntheusersofcoalandoilthatHDRsarenotaneconomicallyfeasiblealternative

D.encouragetheuseofnewtechniquesfortherecoveryofenergyfromundergroundhotwaterandsteam

E.urgeconsumerstodemandquickerdevelopmentofHDRresourcesfortheproductionofenergy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.petrologicalresearchreportfocusedonthehistoryoftemperature-depthrecordsintheUnitedStates

B.congressionalreporturgingtheconservationofoilandnaturalgasresentsintheUnitedStates

C.technicaljournalarticleconcernedwiththerecoverabilityofnewlyidentifiedenergysources

D.consumerreportdescribingtheextentandaccessibilityofremainingcoalresources

E.pamphletdesignedtointroducehomeownerstotheadvantagesofHDRspace-heatingsystems

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.balancetheeconomicsofHDRenergyretrievalagainstthatofundergroundhotwaterorsteamrecoverysystems

B.determinetheamountofenergythatwillbeusedforspaceheatingintheUnitedStates

C.providecomparisonsbetweenhotwaterandHDRenergysourcesintheUnitedStates

D.revisetheestimatesontheextentofremainingcoalresourcesintheUnitedStates

E.estimatethetotalHDRresourcebaseinUnitedStates

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.possibilitythatHDR’smaybefoundinthatarea

B.existenceofpreviousattemptstoobtainoilorgasinthatarea

C.historyofsuccessfulhotwaterorsteamrecoveryeffortsinthatarea

D.failureofinhabitantstoconserveoilorgasreservesinthatarea

E.useofcoalasasubstituteforoilorg