考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanygivenculturewill（）totheestablishedstandardsofthatculture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confine

B.conform

C.confront

D.confirm

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)confine“限制；禁閉”；B選項(xiàng)conform“符合；遵照；適應(yīng)環(huán)境”；C選項(xiàng)confront“面對(duì)；遭遇；比較”；D選項(xiàng)confirm“確認(rèn)；確定；證實(shí)”。句意：在任何特定文化中的絕大多數(shù)人都將遵守該文化既定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?？崭裉幍膭?dòng)詞既要符合句意，又要與to構(gòu)成搭配。因此B項(xiàng)正確。Conformto表示“符合，遵照”。

2.單選題

FromthetimeoftheGreekstotheGreatWar,medicine’sjobwassimple:tostrugglewith（

）diseasesandgrossdisabilities,toensurelivebirths,andtomanagepain.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.immortal

B.immune

C.lethal

D.toxic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。immortal“長(zhǎng)生的，不朽的”；immune“免疫的”；lethal“致命的”；toxic“有毒的”。句意：從希臘時(shí)代到第一次世界大戰(zhàn)，醫(yī)學(xué)工作很簡(jiǎn)單，包括與疾病和嚴(yán)重殘疾做斗爭(zhēng)；確保嬰兒安全出生以及止痛。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.單選題

Bythetimethetourends,thefootballteam（）twentymatchesinfourcountries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willplay

B.willbeplaying

C.willhaveplayed

D.willhavebeenplaying

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)前一句Bythetimethetourends“到巡回賽結(jié)束時(shí)”，表示巡回賽還在進(jìn)行，By接的是將來(lái)的時(shí)間，那么主句也需要用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。將來(lái)完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成willhavedone。句意：到巡回賽結(jié)束時(shí)，足球隊(duì)將在4個(gè)國(guó)家踢20次比賽。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Weenjoyedtheholiday（）theexpense.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.except

B.exceptfor

C.besides

D.inadditionto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“除……之外”的意思，但C項(xiàng)與D項(xiàng)表示的意思包括“除去的部分”；而A項(xiàng)與B項(xiàng)表示的意思不包括“除去的部分”；所以可以根據(jù)題干意思可以排除C、D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。另外由于theholiday與theexpense的主語(yǔ)不是同一個(gè)，而except后面接的詞應(yīng)與前面共用主語(yǔ)，所以本題應(yīng)該選擇B項(xiàng)。句意：除費(fèi)用外，我們都很享受這個(gè)假期。

5.單選題

Fewpeoplehavethetimethatisrequiredtomastera“full”knowledgeofaforeignlanguageand（

）stillwouldbetomakethemuchpracticaluseofsuchalanguage.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.more

B.less

C.much

D.fewer

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞比較級(jí)?？崭袂暗腶nd表明前后兩個(gè)部分是并列關(guān)系，主語(yǔ)均為people，是集合名詞，先排除B和C選項(xiàng)。前半句句意：很少有人有時(shí)間去掌握一門外語(yǔ)的“全部”知識(shí)。為了保持并列關(guān)系，后面只能使用fewer：仍然需要大量實(shí)際地使用這樣一種語(yǔ)言的人就更少了。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Theartist（

）aninterestingpicturebyputtingthevariously-coloredshapestogether.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.composed

B.designed

C.produced

D.invented

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。compose“組合，創(chuàng)作”；design“設(shè)計(jì)”；produce“生產(chǎn)”；invent“發(fā)明”。句意：藝術(shù)家通過(guò)把各種顏色的形狀組合在一起，創(chuàng)作出一幅有趣的畫。由putting…可知這幅畫是將不同的東西組合在一起而創(chuàng)作出來(lái)，只有A項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Theexplosionofastarisanawesomeevent.Themostviolentofthesecataclysms,whichproducesupernovae,probablydestroysastarcompletely.Withinourgalaxyofroughly100billionstarsthelastsupernovawasobservedin1604.Muchsmallerexplosions,however,occurquitefrequently,givingrisetowhatastronomerscallnovaeanddwarfnovae.Ontheorderof25novaeoccurinourgalaxyeveryyear,butonlytwoorthreearenearenoughtobeobserved.About100dwarfnovaeareknownaltogether.Iftheexplodingstarisinanearbypartofthegalaxy,itmaycreatea“newstar”thatwasnotpreviouslyvisibletothenakedeye.ThelastnewstarofthissortthatcouldbeobservedclearlyfromtheNorthernHemisphereappearedin1946.Inthesesmallerexplosionsthestarlosesonlyaminutefractionofitsmassandsurvivestoexplodeagain.

Astrophysicistsarefairlywellsatisfiedthattheycanaccountfortheexplosionsofsupernovae.Thenovaeanddwarfnovaehavepresentedmoreofapuzzle.Ishalldescriberecentinvestigationsthathaveprovidedimportantnewinformationaboutthesetwoclassesofexplodingstar.Thepicturethatemergesisquiteastonishing.Itappearsthateverydwarfnova—andperhapseverynova—isamemberofapairofstars.Thetwostarsaresoclosetogetherthattheyrevolvearoundapointthatliesbarelyoutsidethesurfaceofthelargerstar.Asaresulttheperiodofrotationisusuallyonlyafewhoursandtheirvelocitiesrangeupwardtowithinatwo-hundredththespeedoflight.

Astronomersusetheterm“cataclysmicvariable”toembracethethreegeneralclassesofexplodingstar:dwarfnovae,novae,andsupemovae.Acataclysmicvariableisdefinedasastarthatsuddenlyandunpredictablyincreasesinbrightnessbyafactorofatleast10.Dwarfnovaearestarsthatincreaseinbrightnessbyafactorof10too100withinaperiodofseveralhoursanddeclinetotheirformerbrightnessintwoorthreedays.Inthisperiodtheyemitsome1038to1039ergsofenergy.Atmaximumbrillianceadwarfnovashinesaboutasintenselyasoursun;previouslyithadbeenonlyaboutahundredthasbright.Thenumberofoutburstsrangesanywherefrom3to30ayear,butforanystartheintervalshaveafairlyconstantvalue.Moreover,themaximumbrightnessfromoutbursttooutburstisthesamewithinafactoroftwoforagivenstar.Thedwarfnovaeareoftenreferredto,aftertheirprototypes,asUGeminorumorSSCygnistars.(Thestarsofeachconstellationaredesignatedbylettersornumbers.)Asubgroupofdwarfnovae,calledZCamelopardalisstars,donotalwaysdescendtominimumbrightnessbetweenoutburstsbutmaystayatsomeintermediatelevelforseveralmonths.

1.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.

2.Thereasonwhydwarfnovaeexplodeis

（

）.

3.Itislikelythatintheparagraphthatfollowsthispassagetheauthorwilldiscuss（

）.

4.ItcanbeseenfromthelastparagraphofthepassagethatZCamelopardalisstarsare

（

）.

5.Astronomersareacquaintedwithapproximately（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.CataclysmicVariables

B.ExplodingStars

C.MiraclesintheSkies

D.OurExpandingUniverse

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thattheyemittremendousamountsofenergy

B.acataclysmicvariable

C.thattheyaretwinstars

D.notknown

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thecharacteristicsoftheexplosionofanova

B.supernovae

C.oursunasadwarfnova

D.howthetwinstarsrevolve

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.supemovae

B.atminimumbrillianceforseveralmonths

C.belongingtoitssubgroupofadwarfnovaefamily

D.atmaximumbrillianceforalongertimethanotherstars

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.100dwarfnovae

B.35novae

C.10novae

D.3to30novaeayear

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段“Muchsmallerexplosions,however,occurquitefrequently,givingrisetowhatastronomerscallnovaeanddwarfnovae.”指出星體的爆炸及其產(chǎn)生的其他不同的星體——矮新星、新星和超新星。文章隨后介紹了天體物理學(xué)家對(duì)這些爆炸星體的觀察結(jié)果，并且天體物理學(xué)家將這三類爆炸的星體統(tǒng)稱為激變形變光星，最后文章對(duì)其中的矮新星進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹。所以答案為B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位第二段中“Astrophysicistsarefairlywellsatisfiedthattheycanaccountfortheexplosionsofsupernovae.Thenovaeanddwarfnovaehavepresentedmoreofapuzzle天體物理學(xué)家都相當(dāng)滿意，他們可以解釋超新星的爆炸。新星和矮新星更像是一個(gè)謎?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)“在這篇文章之后的段落中作者將會(huì)探討？”定位到最后一段，“Astronomersusetheterm“cataclysmicvariable”toembracethethreegeneralclassesofexplodingstar:dwarfnovae,novae,andsupernovae.”天文學(xué)家使用“災(zāi)變變量”一詞來(lái)概括爆炸恒星的三大類:矮新星、新星和超新星?！痹俳Y(jié)合前文中的“Astrophysicistsarefairlywellsatisfiedthattheycanaccountfortheexplosionsofsupenovae.Thenovaeanddwarfnovaehavepresentedmoreofapuzzle天體物理學(xué)家對(duì)他們能解釋超新星的爆炸相當(dāng)滿意。新星和矮新星更像是一個(gè)謎?！奔热晃锢韺W(xué)家對(duì)超新星的爆炸相當(dāng)滿意，可推知接下來(lái)可能會(huì)繼續(xù)探討有關(guān)超新星的問(wèn)題。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到最后一段中“Asubgroupofdwarfnovae,calledZCamelopardalisstars,donotalwaysdescendtominimumbrightnessbetweenoutburstsbutmaystayatsomeintermediatelevelforseveralmonths.矮新星的子群，稱為Z鹿豹座恒星,其亮度不總是在爆發(fā)的間隙下降至最低，但或許在幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間里保持中等水平?？芍狢項(xiàng)“屬于矮新星科的一個(gè)亞群”正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段中“About100dwarfnovaeareknownaltogether.已知的矮新星總共有大約100顆”可知A項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Inthedimlight,Imanagedtodiscerntheshadowyfigureofabigdogamongthetrees.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.makeoff

B.makeout

C.makeup

D.makeover

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。makeoff逃走，離開，匆忙離開；makeout理解，辨認(rèn)出，說(shuō)明，填寫，設(shè)法應(yīng)付；makeup組成，補(bǔ)足，化妝，編造；makeover轉(zhuǎn)讓，移交，修改。句意：在暗光下，我在樹叢中辨認(rèn)出一只大狗的影子。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Whiletherehavebeencountlessattemptsatcorrelatingsunspotcycleswithsuchdiversephenomenaastheeconomy,cropyields,andtheweather,therehasbeenlittleevidencetosupportthesecorrelations.Thepastfewdecadeshaveseenarenewedinterestinthesun-climaterelationshipwithacomprehensiveanalysisofmanydifferenthistoricalrecordsofsolarobservation.Lateintheseventeenthcentury,aperiodknownastheMaunderMinimum,therewerevirtuallynosunspotsobserved,indicatinga“quiet”periodinthesun’sactivitycoincidingwiththeheightofatimeknownastheLittleIceAge,aperiodoflowertemperaturesinEurope.Oncethisevidencehadbeensynthesized,ithasbecomemuchclearerthatthereareindeedrobustcorrelationsbetweentheEarth’stemperatureandsunspots.Perhapsthemostimportantdevelopmentinthesolar-climatelinkcamewhensatellitesweredevelopedtomeasure,inroughterms,theTotalSolarIrradiance（TSI）,afactorshowntobedirectlyrelatedtothese“activity”cycles.Atthemaximaofthesecycles,therearemoresunspots（magneticphenomenathatattenuatelocalirradiance）,butnewinstrumentsshowthatthesedarksunspotsaremorethancompensatedforbybrightareasonthesuncalledfaculae;therefore,theoverallirradianceincreasesincorrespondencewithhighernumbersofsunspots.

Unfortunatedly,identifyingthisevidentincreaseinminimumvaluesasatrendprovokesconcern,astherehavebeenonlytwominimaevermeasuredinthisway.Wemustbeawarethatthewarmingtrendinthesurfacetemperaturegoesfarbeyondthelasttwodecades,andthatanextensionofthesolarrecordisnecessarytoassesswhethersolaractivityandirradianceisindeedincreasingattheminimaofthecyclesandwhatthepotentialeffectontheclimatemaybe.Thesolarrecordhasbeenextendedbytheuseofthehistoricalsunspotrecordsalreadymentionedandcorrelationshavebeendrawnbetweensolarirradianceandthetemperaturecurvesince1610,suggestingapredominantsolarinfluenceinthepre-industrialperiod.Butsince1860onlyhalftheobservedwarmingcouldbeattributabletotheirradianceincrease,indicatingthatsomeotherinfluenceisbecomingmoreinfluentialincontrollingthetemperaturechange:mostlikelyindustrialcarbon-dioxide.

Recentstudiesofglobalwarminghavenecessitatedamorecomprehensiveefforttoquantifythenaturalclimatevariabilitysothattheresidualchangemaybeattributedtotheanthropogenicemissionsofgreenhousegases.Thisattemptatquantificationofthemanydifferentforceseffectontheclimatehasre-emphasizedthecomplexityoftheclimatesystemandthesimultaneousinteractionofmanyinfluences.Solarirradiancemayindeedaccountforsomeofthetemperatureincreasesrecordedoverthelastseveraldecades,butastheatmosphericCO2rises,duetotheexponentialincreaseinemissionsfromindustrialsources,theinfluenceofsolarvariabilityontheEarth’sclimatewillmostlikelydecrease,anditsrelativecontributionwillbefarsurpassedby“greenhouse”gases.

31.Theauthorfocusesprimarilyon（）.

32.Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthecomparisonbetweenpreindustrialandpost-industrialclimatechange,asdescribedinthepassage,isaccurate?

33.Accordingtothepassage,extendingsolarrecordisimportantforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

34.Accordingtothepassage,sunspotcycleshavewhichofthefollowingcharacteristics?

35.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorregardsthecorrelationsdrawninrecentdecadesbetweensunspotsandterrestrialphenomenaas（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pointingoutthesuccessofacertainlineofscientificinquiryintotheterrestrialeffectsofsolaractivitywhilequalifyingitssuccesseswithregardtoclimatechange

B.givingabriefoverviewofsomerecentscientificdevelopmentsinsolarphysicsandexplainingtheirpossibleimplicationsforfutureresearch

C.discussingthesuccessesinlinkingterrestrialphenomenawithsolaractivityandindicatinghowtheymayhaveanimpactonpreventingfurtherclimatechange

D.presentingtwocompetingscientifictheoriesforthecauseofpost-industrialclimatechangeandevaluatingthebodyofevidencebehindeachone

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thepre-industrialperiodexperiencedamuchgreaterdegreeofclimatechange,owingtosolaractivity

B.Thepost-industrialperiodexperiencedamuchgreaterdegreeofclimatechange,owingtogreenhousegases.

C.Bothperiodshaveexperiencedadegreeofchange,buttheirprimarycausesaredifferent.

D.Bothperiodshaveexperiencedadegreeofchange,andtheirprimarycausesareidentical.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itwouldallowscientiststoestablishwhetherthewarmingtrendsowetoindustrializationortonaturalfactorsexistingpriortoindustrialization.

B.ItwouldhelpestablishwhetherthedatasupportingtheexistenceoftheMaunderMinimumisreliable.

C.Itwoulddeterminetheextenttowhichsunspotsplaysaroleinincreasingthesun’sirradiance.

D.Itcouldpossiblecorroboratetheinformationonsunspotsprovidedbysatellites.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Duringtheminimaphaseofthecycle,thereisloweroverallirradiancebutgreaterlocalirradiance,andfewersunspots.

B.Duringtheminimaphaseofthecycle,thereisgreateroverallirradiancebutlowerlocalirradiance,andfewersunspots.

C.Duringthemaximaphaseofthecycle,thereislowerlocalirradiancebutgreateroverallirradiance,andmoresunspots.

D.Duringthemaximaphaseofthecycle,thereisloweroverallirradiancebutgreaterlocalirradiance,andmoresunspots.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.morereliablethansimilarcorrelationsdrawninthepast,butstillinconclusive

B.solidevidenceofthecomplexityoftheclimatesystemandthesimultaneousinteractionofitsmanyinfluences

C.poorlysupportedbythestatisticsmentionedatthebeginningofthepassage

D.unlikelygiventhepredominantroleplayedbygreenhousegases

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】31.主旨大意題。通讀全文可發(fā)現(xiàn)作者通篇探討的是太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)與氣候變化的聯(lián)系。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“solaractivity”“climatechange”“thesun-climaterelationship”即可得出本題答案。

32.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“preindustrialandpost-industrialclimatechange”可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段第三句和第四句，根據(jù)“Thesolarrecordhasbeenextendedbytheuseofthehistoricalsunspotrecordsalreadymentionedandcorrelationshavebeendrawnbetweensolarirradianceandthetemperaturecurvesince1610,suggestingapredominantsolarinfluenceinthepre-industrialperiod.（利用前面提到的太陽(yáng)黑子歷史記錄擴(kuò)展了太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)記錄，并從1610年起繪制了太陽(yáng)輻照度與溫度曲線之間的關(guān)系，表明太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)在前工業(yè)時(shí)期具有重要的影響。）”“…indicatingthatsomeotherinfluenceisbecomingmoreinfluential（表明其他一些影響正在變得更有影響力）”，即可得出本題答案。

33.

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“extendingsolarrecord”可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段第二句和第三句?！癢emustbeawarethatthewarmingtrendinthesurfacetemperaturegoesfarbeyondthelasttwodecades,andthatanextensionofthesolarrecordisnecessarytoassesswhethersolaractivityandirradianceisindeedincreasingattheminimaofthecyclesandwhatthepotentialeffectontheclimatemaybe.（我們必須認(rèn)識(shí)到，地表溫度的上升趨勢(shì)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)過(guò)去二十年，必須擴(kuò)大太陽(yáng)記錄，以評(píng)估太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)和輻照度是否確實(shí)在以周期的最小值增加，以及對(duì)氣候可能產(chǎn)生的潛在影響。）”從而得出本題答案。

34.

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“sunspotcycles”“characteristics”，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第一段第六句，“Atthemaximaofthesecycles,therearemoresunspots（magneticphenomenathatattenuatelocalirradiance）,butnewinstrumentsshowthatthesedarksunspotsaremorethancompensatedforbybrightareasonthesuncalledfaculae;therefore,theoverallirradianceincreasesincorrespondencewithhighernumbersofsunspots.（這些周期的最大值，太陽(yáng)黑子（磁現(xiàn)象減弱本地輻照度）,但新儀器顯示，這些黑暗的太陽(yáng)黑子超過(guò)補(bǔ)償在太陽(yáng)明亮的區(qū)域稱為光斑；因此，整體較高的輻照度增加對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)量的太陽(yáng)黑子。）”即可得出本題答案。

35.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“correlationsdrawninrecentdecades”可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文最后一段，根據(jù)“Recentstudiesofglobalwarminghavenecessitatedamorecomprehensiveeffort…（最近對(duì)全球變暖的研究需要更全面的努力。）”可進(jìn)行合理推斷，從而得出本題答案。

10.單選題

Theresultsarehardly（）;hecannotbelievetheyareaccurate.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.crucial

B.critical

C.credible

D.contrary

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這個(gè)結(jié)果不可信。他不相信他們是準(zhǔn)確的。

考查形容詞辨析。crucial關(guān)鍵性的；極其重要的；critical批評(píng)的；關(guān)鍵的；愛(ài)挑剔的；credible信的；可靠的；contrary相反的。因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.寫作題

Directions:Writeacompositiononthetopic"TheSocialFunctionofHealth".Youshouldwriteatleast250wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinebelow:

1.健康在個(gè)人行使社會(huì)功能中的作用。

2.健康對(duì)于整個(gè)社會(huì)的作用。

3.健康不僅是醫(yī)學(xué)問(wèn)題，更是社會(huì)問(wèn)題。

【答案】略

12.單選題

Asseriousassheisaboutthebullfight,shedoesnotallowrespectto（

）hersenseofwhimsywhenpaintingit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.suppress

B.inspire

C.satisfy

D.provoke

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。suppress“抑制；廢止”；inspire“激發(fā)；鼓舞”；satisfy“滿足”；provoke“激怒”。句意：盡管她將斗牛視為嚴(yán)肅的事情，但在用繪畫形式表現(xiàn)它時(shí)，她并沒(méi)有讓敬意遏制自己的奇思異想。由Asseriousassheisaboutthebullfight及notallowrespect可知“抑制”符合語(yǔ)境。As在句中表讓步關(guān)系。

13.單選題

Asensitivepersonisonewhoiseasilyhurtor（）bythingsthatpeopledoorsay.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.offended

B.wounded

C.stimulated

D.motivated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。offend"冒犯;進(jìn)攻";wound"傷害,受傷";stimulate"刺激,鼓舞";motivate"承受,具有,支撐"。根據(jù)or可以推斷填空處應(yīng)與hurt意思相近。wound一般指外傷,傷口,不符合句意,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。句意：敏感的人很容易被別人的言行傷害或冒犯。

試題答案

A

14.單選題

Iaskedseveralvillagersthewaytotheriver,butnoneofthemwasvery（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.trustworthy

B.knowledgeable

C.considerate

D.forthcoming

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。trustworthy“可靠的，可信賴的”；knowledgeable“知識(shí)淵博的，有知識(shí)的”；considerate“體貼的”；forthcoming“即將來(lái)臨的”。句意：我問(wèn)了好幾個(gè)村民怎么樣去那條河，但是他們的說(shuō)法都不可靠。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

Mountainclimbing,likeothersports,requiresskill,stamina,teamwork,andtheknowledgeandexperiencetohandlespecializedequipment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intelligence

B.guidance

C.endurance

D.caution

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。stamina表示“耐力，持久力，毅力”；A項(xiàng)intelligence“智力，情報(bào)工作，情報(bào)機(jī)關(guān)”，B項(xiàng)guidance“指導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”，C項(xiàng)endurance“忍耐力，耐久性”，D項(xiàng)caution“小心，謹(jǐn)慎，警告”。句意：爬山和其他運(yùn)動(dòng)一樣，需要技巧、耐力、團(tuán)隊(duì)合作以及處理專門設(shè)備的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。因此，根據(jù)句意可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Amajorgoaloflaw,todeterpotentialcriminalsbypunishingwrongdoers,isnotservedwhenthepenaltyissoseldominvokedthatitceasestobea（

）threat.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.serious

B.coercive

C.credible

D.deceptive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。serious“嚴(yán)肅的；認(rèn)真的”；coercive“強(qiáng)制的”；credible“可靠的；可信的”；deceptive“欺詐的；虛偽的”。句意：通過(guò)懲罰違法犯罪者來(lái)阻止?jié)撛诘淖锓甘欠傻囊粋€(gè)主要目的，當(dāng)法律懲罰很少被實(shí)行以至于它不再是一種可信的震懾時(shí)，該主要目的就沒(méi)有達(dá)到。由“Amajorgoalisnotserved目標(biāo)沒(méi)達(dá)到”可知C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。

17.單選題

Shelookedso

youngand（

）thathefelt

thatheshouldtrytoprotecther.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.susceptible

B.fragile

C.vital

D.vulnerable

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)susceptible“易受影響的”；B選項(xiàng)fragile“易碎的”；C選項(xiàng)vital“至關(guān)重要的”；D選項(xiàng)vulnerable“易受攻擊的，易受傷害的”。句意：她看上去那么年輕，那么脆弱，他覺(jué)得他應(yīng)該試著保護(hù)她。這里的脆弱指的是易受傷害，所以選項(xiàng)D更符合語(yǔ)境。

18.單選題

Theguiltyverdictwaswidelyexpected,althoughharsherthanmanyhadpredicted.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.jury

B.crime

C.convict

D.judgment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。verdict表示“結(jié)論，裁定”。A項(xiàng)jury“陪審團(tuán)”，B項(xiàng)crime“罪行”，C項(xiàng)convict“罪犯”，D項(xiàng)judgment“意見，判斷力”；句意：有罪判決是普遍預(yù)期的，盡管比許多人預(yù)期的要嚴(yán)厲。根據(jù)句意該題選D。

19.單選題

Imustgonow,and（

）ifyouwantthatbookI'llbringitnexttime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Successively

B.respectively

C.incidentally

D.accidentally

【答案】C

【解析】successively相繼地，接連著地；respectively分別地，各自地；incidentally順便，偶然地，附帶地；accidentally偶然地，意外地。句意：我現(xiàn)在必須得走了，順便說(shuō)一句，如果你想要那本書，我下次會(huì)帶來(lái)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

20.單選題

ItoldhimthatIwould（

）himtoactformewhileIwasawayfromoffice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.identify

B.authorize

C.rationalize

D.justify

【答案】B

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。identify“確定；鑒定”；authorize“批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可；授權(quán)給”；rationalize“使……合理化”；justify“證明...是正當(dāng)?shù)?；替”。句意：我告訴他在我不在辦公室期間，我會(huì)授權(quán)他代表我。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

21.填空題

Itispreciselythiskindofconversationwhichisofimportancewhenweareseekingtodevelopourreadingtomeetthenewdemandsbeingplaceduponusbystudyingatahigherlevel.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bwhich改為that

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

【解題思路】Itis…that…為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，此題強(qiáng)調(diào)這種對(duì)話的重要性，引導(dǎo)詞用that。

【句意】當(dāng)我們想方設(shè)法提高閱讀能力，以匹配更高的學(xué)習(xí)水平和隨之而來(lái)的新要求時(shí)，這種對(duì)話尤為重要。

22.單選題

______myreturn,IlearnedthatProfessorSmithhadbeenattheMuseumandwouldnotbebackforseveralhours.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.At

B.On

C.With

D.During

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配題。onone’sreturn表示“在……回來(lái)的時(shí)候”。

23.單選題

（）aresearchstudent,Iwouldatleastmastertwoforeignlanguages.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ShouldIbecome

B.Ishouldbecome

C.WouldIbecome

D.HaveIbecome

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣和倒裝。對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬用should+動(dòng)詞原形。這里實(shí)際上是if引導(dǎo)的條件句(用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣),當(dāng)省略if時(shí),句子須倒裝,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。句意：如果成為一名研究生,我至少會(huì)掌握兩門外語(yǔ)。

24.單選題

Salasisoneof13,000KingCountyemployeeswhowillbeaskedtoconfidentially_______whetherthey'reoverweight,smokeorengageinotherhealth-relatedvices.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dement

B.divulge

C.retaliate

D.disservice

【答案】B

【解析】dement使發(fā)狂;divulge泄露,暴露;retaliate報(bào)復(fù);disservice傷害,虐待。句意：薩拉斯是國(guó)王郡1.3萬(wàn)名雇員之一,他們將被要求私下透露自己是否超重、是否吸煙或是否有其他與健康有關(guān)的惡習(xí)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

25.單選題

Astherewasnoroad,thetravelers（）uparockyslopeontheirwayback.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ran

B.hurried

C.scrambled

D.crawled

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均與up搭配，分別是run、hurry、scramble、crawl的過(guò)去式。A選項(xiàng)ranup“匆匆制成；積欠；迅速積累；向上跑”；B選項(xiàng)hurriedup“（使）趕快”；C選項(xiàng)scrambledup“攀爬；巴結(jié)；攪混起來(lái)”；D選項(xiàng)crawlup“爬上；爬到”。由本句關(guān)鍵詞“arockyslope”（巖石邊坡）可知，旅行者們需要攀爬邊坡，才能返回，所以攀爬的意思在此處符合題意。句意：因?yàn)闆](méi)有路，旅行者們?cè)诜祷氐穆飞吓逝懒艘粋€(gè)巖石斜坡。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

26.單選題

Whilecrossingthemountainareas,allthemenhadgunsforprotectionlestthey（

）bythelocalbandits.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beattacked

B.mustbeattacked

C.wereattacked

D.wouldbeattacked

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。由“l(fā)est”引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“唯恐，以免”，與之有相同用法的還有“forfearthat/inorderthat/sothat”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用(should/could/might)+動(dòng)詞原形。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

27.單選題

Thefamousscientist

hissuccesstohardwork.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ascribed

B.granted

C.imparted

D.acknowledged

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。ascribe“歸因于”，一般與to搭配，ascribeto“把……歸于”；grant“（合法地）授予”；impart“告知”；acknowledge“承認(rèn)，確認(rèn)”。句意：這位著名的科學(xué)家將其成功歸功于努力。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

28.單選題

Alltypesofstressstudy,whetherunderlaboratoryorreal-lifesituations,studymechanismsforincreasingthearousallevelofthebrain.

Thebrainbloodflowstudiesshowthatrecitingthedaysoftheweekandmonthsoftheyearincreasesbloodflowinappreciateareas,whereasproblemsolvingwhichdemandsintenseconcentrationofareasoningtypeproducesmuchlargerchangesinthedistributionofbloodinthebrain.

Betweenthesebasicstudiesofbrainfunctionandreallifesituationsthereisstillaconsiderablegap,butreasonabledeductionseemspossibletotryandunderstandwhathappenstothebrain.Lifeconsistsofaseriesofeventswhichmayberelatedtoworkortoourso-calledleisuretime.Workmayberelativelyautomatic—aswithtyping,forinstance.Itrequiresintenseconcentrationandrepetitionduringthelearningphasetoestablishapatterninthebrain.Thenthetypist’'sfingersautomaticallymovetohittheappropriatekeysasshereadsthewordsonthecopy.

However,whenshegetstiredshemakesmistakesmuchmorefrequently.Toovercomethisshehastoraiseherlevelofarousalandconcentrationbutbeyondacertainpointtheautomaticautomaticityislostandthinkingabouthittingthekeysleadstomoremistakes.

Otherjobsinvolveintenseconcentrationsuchasholdingbottlesofwineuptoastronglightandturningthemupsidedowntolookforparticlesofdirtfallingdown.Thissoundsquiteeasybutexperienceteachesthatworkerscandothisforonlyaboutthirtyminutesbeforetheystartmakingamistake.Thisispartlybecausethenumberofoccasionswithdirtinthebottleislowandthearousallevel,therefore,fallsfails.Scientistshaveshownthatdevicestoraisearousallevelwillincreasetheaccuracyoflookingforrelativelyrareevents.Arecentstudyoftheeffectoflossofsleepinyoungdoctorsshowedthatintestsinvolvingachallengetotheirmedicaljudgmentwhenshortofsleeptheyraisedtheirarousallevelandbecamebetterattestsofgrammaticalreasoningaswell.

1.Accordingtothebrainbloodfollowstudiesproblemsolving________.

2.Theauthorbelievesthat________.

3.Whenatypistgetstired________.

4.Examiningbottlesofwineishardworkbecause________.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,akeyfactorintheabilitytoreasonis________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.increasesbloodflowinsomeareasofthebrain

B.causeschangesinthedistributionofbloodinthebrain

C.demandsintenseconcentrationofbloodincertainareas

D.isbasedontheabilitytorecitethetime

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theresultsobtainedinthelaboratoryexactlyreflectsthereal-lifesituations

B.thegapbetweenthelaboratorystudiesandreal-lifesituationsistoolargetofillup

C.thegapbetweenthelaboratorystudiesandreal-lifesituationscanbeclosedbyproperreasoning

D.thedifferencebetweenthelaboratorystudiesandreal-lifesituationswillbereduced

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.shehastotryhardtoraiseherautomatic

B.shecantypeonlyautomatically

C.shecannotthinkaboutwhatsheisdoing

D.shecanseldomtypeautomatically

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thebottlesmustbeheldupsidedown

B.itisdifficulttoseetheparticlesofdirt

C.itrequireshighlevelofautomatic

D.mostbottlesareallright

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thesubject’sknowledgeofgrammar

B.theamountofsleepthesubjecthashad

C.thelevelofarousalofthesubject

D.theextenttowhichthesubjecthasbeentaughttoreason

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段Thebrainbloodflowstudiesshowthat...whereasproblemsolvingwhichdemandsintenseconcentrationofareasoningtypeproducesmuchlargerchangesinthedistributionofbloodinthebrain.（大腦血液流動(dòng)的研究表明，在解決像推理這樣的高度集中精力的問(wèn)題時(shí)，大腦的血液分布會(huì)發(fā)生更大的變化。），所以B選項(xiàng)“引起大腦血液分布的變化”正確。A選項(xiàng)“增加大腦某些區(qū)域的血流量”對(duì)應(yīng)第二段“背誦一周中的幾天和一年中的幾個(gè)月會(huì)增加相應(yīng)區(qū)域的血流，而在解決像推理這樣的高度集中精力的問(wèn)題時(shí)，大腦的血液分布會(huì)發(fā)生更大的變化”，此處提到增加大腦某些區(qū)域的血流量是背誦一些簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題，而解決問(wèn)題需要高度集中精力，便會(huì)影響大腦的血液分布情況，屬于出處錯(cuò)位；C選項(xiàng)“在某些區(qū)域需要高度集中的血液”，文中提到的是高度集中精力的問(wèn)題，而不是血液，屬于曲解原文；D選項(xiàng)“是基于背誦時(shí)間的能力”文章沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段開頭Betweenthesebasicstudiesofbrainfunctionandreallifesituationsthereisstillaconsiderablegap,butreasonabledeductionseemspossibletotryandunderstandwhathappenstothebrain.（在這些關(guān)于大腦功能的基礎(chǔ)研究和現(xiàn)實(shí)生活情況之間仍然有相當(dāng)大的差距，但合理的推斷似乎有可能嘗試和理解大腦發(fā)生了什么。），由此可推斷出作者認(rèn)為雖然實(shí)驗(yàn)室的研究和現(xiàn)實(shí)之間仍有差距，但是通過(guò)合理的推斷，這種差距可以縮小，所以C選項(xiàng)“實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究和現(xiàn)實(shí)生活之間的差距可以通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)耐评韥?lái)彌補(bǔ)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“實(shí)驗(yàn)室得到的結(jié)果完全反映了現(xiàn)實(shí)情況”對(duì)應(yīng)第三段開頭，這里提到了實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活有很大差距，說(shuō)明其并不能完全反映現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況，所以A選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；B選項(xiàng)“實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究和現(xiàn)實(shí)生活之間的差距太大了，無(wú)法填補(bǔ)”對(duì)應(yīng)第三段開頭，文章提到了這種差距可以通過(guò)合理的推斷縮小，所以B選項(xiàng)也屬于反向干擾；D選項(xiàng)“實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究和實(shí)際情況之間的差異將減少”對(duì)應(yīng)第三段開頭，文章講的是通過(guò)合理的推斷這種差異才會(huì)縮小，該選項(xiàng)并沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)原文的條件，屬于曲解原文。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段結(jié)尾Workmayberelativelyautomatic—aswithtyping,forinstance,itrequiresintenseconcentrationandrepetitionduringthelearningphasetoestablishapatterninthebrain.Thenthetypist’sfingersautomaticallymovetohittheappropriatekeysasshereadsthewordsonthecopy.（工作可能是相對(duì)自動(dòng)化的，比如打字，在學(xué)習(xí)階段需要高度集中和重復(fù)，在大腦中建立模式。打字員的手指會(huì)自然移動(dòng)，在她閱讀副本上的單詞時(shí)按下相應(yīng)的鍵。）和第四段開頭However,whenshegetstiredshemakesmistakesmuchmorefrequently.Toovercomethisshehastoraiseherlevelofarousalandconcentrationbutbeyondacertainpointtheautomaticislostandthinkingabouthittingthekeysleadstomoremistakes.（然而，她在累的時(shí)候會(huì)更頻繁地犯錯(cuò)。為了克服這個(gè)問(wèn)題，她必須提高自己的興奮和專注水平，但超過(guò)一定程度，自動(dòng)的感覺(jué)就會(huì)消失，一想到要敲擊鍵盤就會(huì)導(dǎo)致更多的錯(cuò)誤。），由此可推斷出當(dāng)打字的人累了的時(shí)候，她的興奮和專注水平下降，從而導(dǎo)致她的手指不能自動(dòng)移動(dòng)，所以D選項(xiàng)“她很少能自動(dòng)打字”正確。A選項(xiàng)“她必須努力提高她的自動(dòng)化水平”以及C選項(xiàng)“她無(wú)法思考自己在做什么”文章都沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；B選項(xiàng)“她只能自動(dòng)打字”對(duì)應(yīng)原文第四段，此處說(shuō)到她不能自動(dòng)打字，所以B選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第五段開頭Otherjobsinvolveintenseconcentrationsuchasholdingbottlesofwineuptoastronglightandturningthemupsidedowntolookforparticlesofdirtfallingdown.Thissoundsquiteeasybutexperienceteachesthatworkerscandothisforonlyaboutthirtyminutes