考研考博-英語-上海師范大學(xué)天華學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海師范大學(xué)天華學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Itisquitenecessaryforaqualifiedteachertohavegoodmannersand（

）knowledge.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extensive

B.expansive

C.intensive

D.expensive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。extensive“廣泛的，大量的”；expansive“廣闊的”；intensive“密集的，加強(qiáng)的”；expensive“昂貴的”。句意：一個(gè)合格的老師要有良好的修養(yǎng)和廣博的知識，這是非常重要的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

HurricaneHugowill_____intherecordbooksasthecostlieststormeverfacedbyinsurers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.godown

B.goup

C.goby

D.gothrough

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。godown“下降，傳下去”；goup“增長，上升”；goby“經(jīng)過，順便拜訪”；gothrough“經(jīng)受，通過，仔細(xì)檢查”。句意：颶風(fēng)雨果將作為有史以來遭遇損失最嚴(yán)重的暴風(fēng)雨被載入史冊。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

In（

）oftheoldergirls,eventheten-year-oldshavestartedwearinglipstickandmake-up.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adoption

B.admiration

C.application

D.imitation

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)adoption“采用、收養(yǎng)”；B選項(xiàng)admiration“欽佩、贊賞”；C選項(xiàng)application“應(yīng)用、申請”；D選項(xiàng)imitation“模仿、仿造”。inimitationof固定短語的意思是“模仿”，句意為：即使10歲大的女孩子也開始模仿年齡大點(diǎn)的女孩涂唇膏和化妝。故正確答案選D。

4.單選題

RichardSatava,programmanagerforadvancedmedicaltechnologies,hasbeenadrivingforceinbringingvirtualrealitytomedicine,wherecomputerscreatea“virtual”orsimulatedenvironmentforsurgeonsandothermedicalpractitioners.

“Withvirtualrealitywewillbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,”saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.

ThecomputerswouldtransmitimagesofthesoldierstosurgeonsbackintheU.S.Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmets(頭盔)thatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.Thedoctorswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier.

AlthoughSatava’svisionmaybeyearsawayfromstandardoperatingprocedure,scientistsareprogressingtowardvirtualrealitysurgery.EngineersataninternationalorganizationinCaliforniaaredevelopingatele-operatingdevice.Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.Thecomputerprovidesfeedbacktothesurgeononforce,textures,andsound.

Thesetechnologicalwondersmaynotyetbepartofthecommunityhospitalsettingbutincreasinglysomeofthemachineryisfindingitswayintocivilianmedicine.AtWayneStateUniversityMedicalSchool,surgeonLuciaZamoranotakesimagesofthebrainfromcomputerizedscansandusesacomputerprogramtoproducea3-Dimage.Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor.Zamoranoisalsousingtechnologythatattachesaprobetosurgicalinstrumentssothatshecantracktheirpositions.Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery.

Duringtheseprocedures-operationsthataredonethroughsmallcutsinthebodyinwhichaminiaturecameraandsurgicaltoolsaremaneuvered-surgeonsarewearing3-Dglassesforabetterview.Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemoreaccuratelythanhumansurgeonscan.

Satavasays,“Weareinthemidstofafundamentalchangeinthefieldofmedicine.”

1.AccordingtoRichardSatava,theapplicationofvirtualrealitytomedicine（）.

2.Howisvirtualrealitysurgeryperformed?

3.RichardSatavahasvisionsof（）.

4.Duringvirtualrealityoperations,thesurgeoncanhaveabetterviewofthecutsinthebodybecause（）.

5.Virtualrealityoperationsareanimprovementonconventionalsurgeryinthatthey____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willenablesurgeonstobephysicallypresentoneverybattlefieldt

B.canraisethespiritsofsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldt

C.willgreatlyimprovemedicalconditionsonthebattlefieldt

D.canshortenthetimeforoperationsonsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldt

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itisperformedbyacomputer-designedhighprecisiondevice.t

B.Surgeonswearvirtualrealityhelmetstoreceivefeedbackprovidedbyacomputer.t

C.Surgeonsmoveroboticinstrumentsbymeansofacomputerlinedtothem.t

D.A3-Dimagerecordsthemovementsofthesurgeonsduringtheoperation.t

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.usingaremote-controltechniquetotreatwoundedsoldiersfightingoverseast

B.woundedsoldiersbeingsavedbydoctorswearingvirtualrealityhelmetsonthebattlefieldt

C.woundedsoldiersbeingoperatedonbyspeciallytrainedsurgeonst

D.settingupmobilesurgicalunitsoverseast

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.heislookingatthecutsonacomputerscreent

B.thecutscanbeexaminedfromdifferentanglest

C.thecutshavebeenhighlymagnifiedt

D.heiswearing3-Dglassest

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.causelesspaintothewoundedt

B.allowthepatienttorecovermorequicklyt

C.willmakehumansurgeons’worklesstedioust

D.aredonebyrobotsurgeonswithgreaterprecision

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“根據(jù)薩塔瓦，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)在醫(yī)學(xué)上的應(yīng)用……”。第二段提到“Withvirtualrealitywewillbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,”saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.（薩塔瓦說：“有了虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)，我們將能夠在每條戰(zhàn)壕里都安置一名外科醫(yī)生?！彼O(shè)想有一天，在海外戰(zhàn)斗中受傷的士兵可以被安置在配備電腦的移動(dòng)手術(shù)室），由此可以推理，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)在醫(yī)學(xué)上的應(yīng)用可以改善戰(zhàn)場上的醫(yī)療條件，故C項(xiàng)“將大大改善戰(zhàn)場上的醫(yī)療條件”正確。A項(xiàng)“將使外科醫(yī)生能夠親臨每一個(gè)戰(zhàn)場”，表述與原文不符；B項(xiàng)“可以鼓舞在戰(zhàn)場上受傷的士兵的精神”和D項(xiàng)“可以縮短在戰(zhàn)場上受傷的士兵的行動(dòng)時(shí)間”文章沒有提到。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“如何進(jìn)行虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)？”。根據(jù)文章第四段第三句Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.（當(dāng)外科醫(yī)生觀察手術(shù)的三維圖像時(shí)，他們移動(dòng)與計(jì)算機(jī)相連的儀器，計(jì)算機(jī)將他們的動(dòng)作傳遞給實(shí)施手術(shù)的機(jī)器人儀器）可知，C項(xiàng)“外科醫(yī)生通過排列在機(jī)器上的計(jì)算機(jī)移動(dòng)機(jī)器器械”正確。A項(xiàng)“它是由計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的高精度設(shè)備執(zhí)行的”沒有提到；B項(xiàng)“外科醫(yī)生戴著虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔接受電腦提供的反饋”，第三段提到Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmetsthatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.（外科醫(yī)生將通過虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔觀察士兵，頭盔上有一個(gè)顯示傷口圖像的小屏幕），可知醫(yī)生是通過頭盔親自觀察士兵的傷情，而不是通過接收機(jī)器人的反饋；D項(xiàng)“一幅3d圖像記錄了外科醫(yī)生在手術(shù)過程中的動(dòng)作”，第五段最后一句提到Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery.（在切除大腦深處的腫瘤時(shí)，她在術(shù)前拍攝的病人大腦計(jì)算機(jī)圖形圖像中觀察手術(shù)工具的動(dòng)作）可知，3d圖像是醫(yī)生用來觀察手術(shù)工具的動(dòng)作，而不是記錄外科醫(yī)生的動(dòng)作，D項(xiàng)表述不正確。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“薩塔瓦幻想……”。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.（他設(shè)想有一天，在海外戰(zhàn)斗中受傷的士兵可以被安置在配備電腦的移動(dòng)手術(shù)室）可推理，理查德?薩塔瓦設(shè)想受傷的戰(zhàn)士可以在移動(dòng)的手術(shù)室通過遠(yuǎn)程控制電腦實(shí)現(xiàn)被遠(yuǎn)程救治，故A項(xiàng)“用遙控技術(shù)治療海外作戰(zhàn)的受傷士兵”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“傷兵在戰(zhàn)場上被醫(yī)生戴著虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔拯救”，表述不準(zhǔn)確，頭盔是醫(yī)生用來觀察傷情而非實(shí)行救治的；C項(xiàng)“受過專門訓(xùn)練的外科醫(yī)生對受傷士兵進(jìn)行手術(shù)”，第三段最后一句提到Thedoctorswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier.（醫(yī)生們將指導(dǎo)戰(zhàn)場上的移動(dòng)手術(shù)室內(nèi)的機(jī)器人設(shè)備為士兵進(jìn)行手術(shù)），可知是通過機(jī)器人為士兵進(jìn)行手術(shù)，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“在海外設(shè)立流動(dòng)手術(shù)室”是以偏概全。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“在虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)中，外科醫(yī)生可以更好地看到身體的切口，因?yàn)椤?。倒?shù)第二段第一句提到Duringtheseprocedures-operationsthataredonethroughsmallcutsinthebodyinwhichaminiaturecameraandsurgicaltoolsaremaneuvered-surgeonsarewearing3-Dglassesforabetterview.（在這些手術(shù)過程中，通過身體的小切口進(jìn)行的手術(shù)中，操作微型相機(jī)和手術(shù)工具的外科醫(yī)生戴著3D眼鏡，以便更好地觀察），由此可知外科醫(yī)生可以更好地看到身體的切口是因?yàn)?d眼鏡提供的更好的視野，故D項(xiàng)“他戴著3d眼鏡”正確。A項(xiàng)“他正在看電腦屏幕上的切口”，表述不夠準(zhǔn)確；B項(xiàng)“切口可以從不同的角度檢查”和C項(xiàng)“切口被高度放大”文中未提及。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)是傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)的改進(jìn)，因?yàn)樗鼈儭?。根?jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemoreaccuratelythanhumansurgeonscan（他們還命令機(jī)器人外科醫(yī)生比人類外科醫(yī)生更精確地切除組織）可知，機(jī)器人外科醫(yī)生比人類外科醫(yī)生更能精確的實(shí)行組織切除，這是虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)是傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)的改進(jìn)的原因；故D項(xiàng)“由機(jī)器人外科醫(yī)生更精確地完成”正確。A項(xiàng)“對受傷的人造成較少的痛苦”、B項(xiàng)“讓病人恢復(fù)得更快”和C項(xiàng)“將使人類外科醫(yī)生的工作不那么乏味”文中均未提及。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Ifanymanheredoesnotagreewithme,heshould（）hisownplanforimprovingthelivingconditionsofthesepeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.puton

B.putout

C.putin

D.putforward

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)puton“穿上，上演”；B選項(xiàng)putout“熄滅，伸出，出版”；C選項(xiàng)putin“插嘴，插入”；D選項(xiàng)putforward“拿出，推舉出，提出”。句意：如果這里有人不同意我的觀點(diǎn)，他應(yīng)該_____自己改善這些人生活條件的計(jì)劃。本句表達(dá)的意思為“他應(yīng)該提出自己的計(jì)劃”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

MyprofessorbrotherandIhaveanargumentaboutheadandheart,aboutwhetherheovervaluesIQwhileIleanmoretowardEQ.Wetypicallyhavethisdebateaboutpeople—canyoubefriendswithareallysmartjerk（怪物）?—butthere'scorollary（推論）toanimalsaswell.I’dloveitifourdogcouldfetchthemorningpaperandthenreadittomeovercoffee,butIactuallycaremuchmoreaboutherloyalandinnocentheart.There’salreadyenoughthinkinggoingoninourhouse,andweprobablyspendtoomuchtimeinourheads.Whereweneedsomerolemodelingisininstinct,andthat'swhereadogisarovingrevelation.

Ididnotgrowupwithdogs,whichmeantthatmyolderdaughter'srespectfulbutunyieldingdeterminationtogetonerequiredsomeadjustmentonmypart.Ioftenfeltshewastrainingme:fromagesof6to9,shegentlyschooledmeinvariousbreedsandtheirpersonalities,whisperedtothedogsweencounteredsotheywouldcharmandpersuademe,demonstratedbyherself-disciplinethatshewasreadyfortheresponsibility.AndthuscameourdogTwist,whomIsometimesmistakeforathirddaughter.

AtfirstIthoughtthechallengewouldbetotrainhertosit,toheel,towalkcalmlybesideusandnotgowildlychasingtheneighbourhoodrabbits.ButIsoondiscoveredhowmuchmorewehadtolearnfromherthanshefromus.

Ifitistrue,forexample,thatthesecrettoachild’ssuccessislessraregeniusthanrawpersistence,Twist'sabilitytostayontaskisamodelforusall,especiallyifthetaskistryingtocapturethesunbeamthatflicks（忽然搖動(dòng)）aroundthelivingroomasthewindblowsthroughthebranchesoutside.Sheneversucceeds,andshenevergivesup.Thisincludeswhensherunssquareintowalls.

Thenthereisherunfailingpatience,whichbreaksdownonlywhenshesensesthatdinnertimewas15minutesagoandwehavesomehowfailedtonotice.Eventhensheismoreeagerthanindignant（憤憤不平）,andherrefusaltowhineshowsarestraintofwhichI'mnotalwayscapablewhenhungry.

ButthelessonIvaluemostistheoneinforgiveness,andTwistfirstofferedthiswhenshewasstillveryyoung.Whenshewasabout7monthsold,wetookhertothevet（獸醫(yī)）tobesprayed（切除卵巢）.Weturnedherovertoastranger,whoproceededtoperformaprocedurethatwasprobablynotpleasant,Butwhenthevetreturnedhertous,limpandtender,therewasnorecrimination（反責(zé)）,noHowcouldyoudothattome?Itwasasthoughshereallyknewthatwecouldnotintentionallycauseherpain,andwhileshedidnotunderstand,sheforgaveandcurledupwithherheadonmydaughter'slap.

Isupposewecouldhaveconcludedthatshewasjustblindlyloyalanddocile（溫順的）.Buteventuallyweknewbetter.Sheisentirelycapableofdisobedience,asshehasprovedmanytimes.Shewillignoreuswhentherearemoreinterestingthingstolookat,rebukeuswhenwearecareless,barkintothetwilightwhenshehasurgentmessagestosend.Butherpatiencewithourfailingsandfickleness（浮躁）andherwillingnesstogiveusasecondchanceareadailylessoningratitude.

Myfriendswhogrewupwithdogstellmehowwhentheywereteenagersandtrustednooneintheworld,theycouldtelltheirdogalltheirsecrets.Itwastheonefriendwhowouldnotgossiporbetray,couldprovideinthemiddleofthenightthesoft,unbegrudging（不勉強(qiáng)的）comfortandpeacethatadolescenceconspirestodisrupt.Anagethatisallaboutgrowthandriskneedssomeanchorsandweights,amodelofsteadfastnesswhenallelseisinflux（處于不斷變化中）.SometimesIthinkTwist'sdevotionkeepsmygirlsonabenevolentleash,onethathangsquietlyattheirsideastheytrotalongbutoccasionallyyanks（猛拉）thembacktosafetyandsolidground.

We'veweighedsomanydecisionssocarefullyinraisingourdaughters—whatschooltosendthemtoandwhatchurchtoattend,whentogivethemcellphonesandwithwhatprecautions.Butwhenitcomestowhatreallyshapestheircharacterandbindsourfamily,Ineverwouldhavethoughtwewouldowesomuchtoitssmallestmember.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorsuggeststhat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,allthefollowingareTwist’scharacteristicsEXCEPT

（

）.

3.Accordingtothecontext,themeaningoftheword“square”isclosetto（

）.

4.That“Twist’sdevotionkeepsmygirlsonabenevolentleash”meansthat（

）.

5.Whatdoestheauthortrytoexpressinthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.apersoncaneitherhaveahighIQoralowEQ

B.herprofessorbrothercarestoomuchaboutIQ

C.weneedexamplesofhowtofollowone'sheart

D.sheprefersdogsthatarecleverandloyal

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.resignation

B.patience

C.forgiveness

D.tenacity

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.fast

B.straight

C.blindly

D.stubbornly

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Twistiscapableoflookingafterthegirls

B.Twistandthegirlshavebecomefriends

C.Twistknowshowtofollowthegirls

D.Twist'sloyaltyhelpsthegirlsgrowup

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Difficultiesinraisingherchildren.

B.Worriesaboutwhattobuyforkids.

C.GratitudetoTwistforherrole.

D.Concernsaboutschoolingandreligion.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Whereweneedsomerolemodelingisininstinct,andthat'swhereadogisarovingrevelation.（我們需要一些角色楷模是本能的，而在這一點(diǎn)上，狗就是一個(gè)很好的體現(xiàn)）可知C選項(xiàng)“我們需要如何遵循自己內(nèi)心的例子”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段中的AndthuscameourdogTwist可知Twist是一只狗，第四至第六段的每段句首分別提到了狗的rawpersistence（堅(jiān)持，鍥而不舍）、unfailingpatience（堅(jiān)韌不拔的耐心）和forgiveness（寬?。┨卣鳎逝懦鼴（耐心）、C（寬?。?、D（堅(jiān)韌）選項(xiàng)，因此A選項(xiàng)“順從”符合題意。

3.詞義題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞square定位到文章第四段中的Thisincludeswhensherunssquareintowalls，由前面的especiallyifthetaskistryingtocapturethesunbeamthatflicks（忽然搖動(dòng)）aroundthelivingroomasthewindblowsthroughthebranchesoutside（特別是如果任務(wù)是捕捉陽光，當(dāng)風(fēng)吹過外面的樹枝時(shí)，陽光在起居室周圍忽然搖動(dòng)）可推測此“狗是直接朝墻上的陽光跑去”較符合語境，square作副詞時(shí)，表示“正對著地，徑直地”，因此選B。

4.判斷推理題。文章倒數(shù)第二段中介紹了狗伴隨著朋友的青春期成長，認(rèn)為狗最忠誠的伙伴，由此聯(lián)想到狗Twist對女兒們的忠誠，伴隨著她們長大，因此D選項(xiàng)“Twist的忠誠有助于女孩們成長”符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。由Butwhenitcomestowhatreallyshapestheircharacterandbindsourfamily,Ineverwouldhavethoughtwewouldowesomuchtoitssmallestmember.（但說到真正塑造她們的性格和使家庭融洽時(shí)，我從來沒想到我們會(huì)欠這位最小的家庭成員這么多）可知作者已將Twist當(dāng)作家庭中的一員，感激她所做的貢獻(xiàn)，因此C選項(xiàng)“感謝Twist扮演的角色”符合題意。

7.單選題

Thestudentslisteningtothepompousofficial’slongspeechweresoonveryboring;nodoubtmanyofthemhadtheirmindsmoreonwhatwasforlunchthanonwhathewassaying.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.were

B.veryboring

C.hadtheirminds

D.onwhatwasforlunchthanon

E.沒有問題

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞誤用。boring改為bored。boring令人厭煩的。bored感到無聊的。

8.單選題

Thegangster（）athishelplessvictimandputacigarettejustoutofreach.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sneered

B.scorned

C.grinned

D.glared

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sneered“嘲笑，冷笑”；B選項(xiàng)scorned“輕蔑”；C選項(xiàng)grinned“露齒而笑，咧著嘴笑”；D選項(xiàng)glared“怒目而視，瞪眼看”。句意：歹徒對他那無助的受害者（），并把一支煙放在剛好夠不到的地方。根據(jù)歹徒后面的行為可以看出，歹徒對這個(gè)受害者發(fā)出冷笑，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Thesimplestanimalsarethosewhosebodiesaresimplestinstructureandwhichdothethingsdonebyalllivinganimals,suchaseating,breathing,movingandfeeling,inthemost（

）way.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bizarre

B.primitive

C.advantageous

D.unique

【答案】B

【解析】bizarre奇異的；primitive原始的,簡單的；advantageous有利的,有益的；unique獨(dú)一無二的。句意:最簡單的動(dòng)物是那些身體結(jié)構(gòu)單一的動(dòng)物,它們以最原始的方式做所有動(dòng)物都做的事情,如吃、呼吸、活動(dòng)和感知。選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

10.單選題

Ifyouwanttoteachyourchildrenhowtosaysorry,youmustbegoodatsayingityourself,especiallytoyourownchildren.Buthowyousayitcanbequitetricky.

Ifyousaytoyourchildren“I’msorryIgotangrywithyou,but...whatfollowsthat“but”canrendertheapologyineffective:“Ihadabadday”or“yournoisewasgivingmeaheadache”leavesthepersonwhohasbeeninjuredfellingthatheshouldbeapologizingforhisbadbehaviorinexpectinganapology.

Anothermethodbywhichpeopleappeartoapologizewithoutactuallydoingsoistosay“I’msorryyou’reupset”;thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone.

Thenthereisthegeneral,allcoveringapology,whichavoidsthenecessityofidentifyingaspecificactthatwasparticularlyhurtfulorinsulting,andwhichthepersonwhoisapologizingshouldpromisenevertodoagain.Saying“I’muselessasaparent”doesnotcommitapersontoanyspecificimprovement.

Thesepseudo-apologiesareusedbypeoplewhobelievesayingsorryshowsweakness.Parentswhowishtoteachtheirchildrentoapologizeshouldseeitasasignofstrength,andthereforenotresorttothesepseudo-apologies.

Butevenwhenpresentedwithexamplesofgenuinecontrition,childrenstillneedhelptobecomeawareofthecomplexitiesofsayingsorry.Athree-year-oldmightneedhelpinunderstandingthatotherchildrenfeelpainjustashedoes,andthathittingaplaymateovertheheadwithaheavytoyrequiresanapology.Asix-year-oldmightneedremindingthatspoilingotherchildren’sexpectationscanrequireanapology.A12-year-oldmightneedtobeshownthatraidingthebiscuittinwithoutaskingpermissionisacceptable,butthatborrowingaparent’sclotheswithoutpermissionisnot.

1.Ifamotheradds“but”toanapology（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,saying“I’msorryyou’reupset”mostlyprobablymeans

（

）.

3.Itisnotadvisabletousethegeneral,all-coveringapologybecause

（

）.

4.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinteachingchildrentosaysorry

（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatapologizingproperlyis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shedoesn’tfeelthatsheshouldhaveapologized

B.shedoesnotrealizethatthechildhasbeenhurt

C.thechildmayfindtheapologyeasiertoaccept

D.thechildmayfeelthatheowesheranapology

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Youhavegoodreasontogetupset

B.I’mawareyou’reupset,butI’mnottoblame

C.1apologizeforhurtingyourfeelings

D.I’matfaultformakingyouupset

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itgetsoneintothehabitofmakingemptypromises

B.itmaymaketheotherpersonfeelguilty

C.itisvagueandineffective

D.itishurtfulandinsulting

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thecomplexitiesinvolvedshouldbeignored

B.theiragesshouldbetakenintoaccount

C.parentsneedtosetthemagoodexample

D.parentsshouldbepatientandtolerant

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.asocialissuecallingforimmediateattention.

B.notnecessaryamongfamilymembers

C.asignofsocialprogress

D.notassimpleasitseem

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“如果一個(gè)母親在道歉后加一個(gè)‘但是’……”。文章第二段提到“但是后面的內(nèi)容可以讓該道歉變得無效……”（whatfollowsthat“but”canrendertheapologyineffective…），選項(xiàng)D“小孩可能會(huì)覺得自己還欠母親一個(gè)道歉”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在作者看來，‘很抱歉讓你煩惱了’意味著……”。文章第三段提到“這表明你在某種程度上是錯(cuò)誤的，讓你自己因?yàn)樗说乃魉鶠楦械綗馈保╰hissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone），選項(xiàng)B“我意識到你心煩了，但這不是我的錯(cuò)”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“不建議使用籠統(tǒng)的、涵蓋一切的道歉是因?yàn)椤?。文章第四段對“籠統(tǒng)道歉”的解釋是避免需要去提及特別令人受傷或者受辱的具體行為，道歉的人應(yīng)該承諾不會(huì)再犯（whichavoidsthenecessityofidentifyingaspecificactthatwasparticularlyhurtfulorinsulting,andwhichthepersonwhoisapologizingshouldpromisenevertodoagain），這種道歉并不會(huì)起作用，比如“我是一個(gè)無用的家長”，并不會(huì)讓一個(gè)人去具體改進(jìn)，因此這種含糊其辭的道歉是不可取的，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從最后一段教小孩子道歉可知……”。文章最后一段提到“但是即使孩子看到了真誠悔過的例子，他們?nèi)匀恍枰獛椭フJ(rèn)識到道歉的復(fù)雜性”（Butevenwhenpresentedwithexamplesofgenuinecontrition,childrenstillneedhelptobecomeawareofthecomplexitiesofsayingsorry），隨后舉了不同年齡階段的孩子應(yīng)該怎樣教授道歉，由此可以推斷在教小孩子道歉時(shí)，年齡是需要考慮的因素，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文章中可知，適當(dāng)?shù)牡狼浮薄Ｎ恼绿岬搅说狼感枰记?；道歉并沒有那么簡單，在教授孩子道歉時(shí)要考慮其年齡等，說明道歉并沒有看上去那么容易，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.單選題

HesaysthatconstantthirstisanundesirableeffectofchemotherapyforwhichnoremedyexistsinWesternmedicalpractice,butcertainherbsdoprovidereliefforsuchpatients.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.protection

B.provision

C.theory

D.therapy

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.protection保護(hù)B.provision條款

C.theory理論D.therapy治療；療法

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】劃線詞前的句子意思為“他說，持續(xù)的口渴是化療的不良效果（Hesaysthatconstantthirstisanundesirableeffectofchemotherapy）”，劃線詞后的句意為“但某些草藥確實(shí)可以緩解這類患者的癥狀”，由后半句句意“緩解這類患者的癥狀”可知西方醫(yī)學(xué)是沒有真正能解決化療的不良效果的方法，即治療方法，所以D選項(xiàng)“治療，療法”符合句意。劃線單詞remedy“補(bǔ)救措施”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】他說，持續(xù)的口渴是化療的不良后果，在西方醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)踐中沒有任何補(bǔ)救措施，但某些草藥確實(shí)為這類病人提供緩解。

12.單選題

Sincetheearly1990s,conservationistshave_______protectingtheAmazoninpartbecauseofitsabundanceofplantandanimalspecies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.calledforth

B.calledback

C.calledup

D.calledfor

【答案】D

【解析】calledforth引起,喚起;calledback召回;calledup召集,提出;calledfor呼吁,提倡。句意：自從1990年起,環(huán)保人士一直呼吁保護(hù)亞馬遜,因?yàn)樵摰貐^(qū)有著豐富的動(dòng)植物物種。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

13.單選題

Iabsolutelyopposethe（

）thatprivatization（私有化）isnowinevitableinourindustry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notice

B.notion

C.impression

D.conscience

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。notice通知；notion概念，見解；impression印象；conscience道德心，良心。

句意：我完全反對認(rèn)為私有化在我們這個(gè)行業(yè)是不可避免的這種見解。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

14.單選題

TheDuPontCompany,the13thlargestemployerintheU.S.，routinelygivespre-employmentbloodteststoallblackswhoapplyforjobstodeterminewhomightbeacarrierofthetraitforsickle-cellanemia,eventhoughthetraitisregardedaslargelyharmless.Althoughthereareothergeneticallytransmittedblooddiseasesandmetabolicdisordersthatpredominateinracialorethnicgroups,blacksaretheonlyonestobeidentifiedwithadiseaseandexaminedforitatDuPont.InathreemonthstudyofgeneticscreeningintheAmericanworkplace,theNewYorkTimesfoundnootherinstanceofanethnicorracialgroupsingledoutinanorganizationorcompany.DuPontofficialsemphasizethatthesickletraittestsdonotrepresentdiscriminationandareonlyanefforttohelpthemavoidpotentiallyharmfulexposuretocertainchemicals.Yettheofficialscanoffernofirmevidencethatthetrait―notthedisease,butonlyasingleabnormalgene—makesblacksmorevulnerable.DuPont,whichemployswellover100,000workers,isinthevanguardofAmericancompaniesdoinggeneticscreeningandthusisatthecenterofthedebateoverthisareaofscience,debatesointense,sobroad,thatevenmedicaldirectorsfromothercompanieswhobelievethepossibilitiesofgeneticscreeningwantnopartofit.Atleast,nowtheofficialsatDuPontCompany,aleaderinthechemicalindustrywithannualgrosssalesofmorethan$10billion,feeltheyhavethemoneyandthescientiststoturnthedistrustintoachievement.Ifsomechemicalsarehighlytoxicandtheworkplaceislessthanpure,companyofficialsreason,itisonlylogicaltotrytodeterminewhysomeworkersgetsickerfasterandwhyothersseemtohavemoretoleranceforindustrialpoisons.Andsothecompanyislookingbeyondtheskillsandloyaltyofitsworkerstogeneticstructure.

Thesickle-celltraitisnotthesameassickle-cellanemia.Theanemiaisrarebutdebilitatingdisorderfoundinfewerthan50,000Americanblacks,abouttwo-tenthsofapercentoftheblackpopulation.Perhapstwomillionotherblacksarecarriersofthetrait—theyareheterozygous.Virtuallyallthecarrierscanleadveryactivelivesandshownosymptomsofthedisease.

1.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutDuPont?

2.WhatdoDuPontofficialssay?

3.Whatistrueaboutgeneticscreening?

4.Theunderlinedword"toxic"inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans（

）.

5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthecarriersofsick-celltrait?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itexaminedthebloodofsomeblacks

B.Itexaminedsomeblacksfortheirknowledgeofblood.

C.Itdiscoveredthatsomeblackshavebloodillness.

D.Itdiscoveredthebloodofsomeblackscontainingindustrialchemicals.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyaretryingtoprotectblacksformhealththreats.

B.Theycanprovethatblacksarelikelytohavehealthproblems.

C.Theyregardtheskillsofworkersasthemostimportantmatter.

D.Theyhopethatothercompaniescanfollowtheirexample.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itoftenaimsatblackemployees.

B.Itsfocusisoftenonsickle-cellanemia.

C.Somecompaniesdonotwanttodoit.

D.TheUSgovernmentstronglysupportsit.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.powerful

B.complex

C.thick

D.poisonous

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theirnumberisabout50,000.

B.Theyusuallyseemtohavenormallives.

C.Theyincludeoverhalfoftheblackpopulation

D.Theydonotseemtobeaffectedbyindustrialchemicals.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段提到DuPont公司對來應(yīng)聘的黑人進(jìn)行血液檢測（givespre-employmentbloodteststoallblackswhoapplyforjobs），選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.文章提到DuPont公司官方發(fā)言人強(qiáng)調(diào)這種做法不是歧視，而是在幫助他們避免潛在的疾病威脅（DuPontofficialsemphasizethatthesickletraittestsdonotrepresentdiscriminationandareonlyanefforttohelpthemavoidpotentiallyharmfulexposuretocertainchemicals），選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.文章提到DuPont公司是美國做基因篩查的先鋒（DuPont,whichemployswellover100,000workers,isinthevanguardofAmericancompaniesdoinggeneticscreening），所以可以推測出一些公司并不想做這個(gè)篩查。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.題干中的toxic是“有毒的”的意思。powerful有力的；complex復(fù)雜的，thick濃的；厚的；poisonous有毒的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.文章最后一句Virtuallyallthecarrierscanleadveryactivelivesandshownosymptomsofthedisease提到實(shí)際上很多攜帶者可以很積極地生活并且不會(huì)有任何癥狀。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

15.單選題

Thepatient’sprogresswasencouraging,ashecould（

）getoutofbedwithouthelp.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.only

B.nearly

C.hardly

D.badly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析?？崭窈笫莿?dòng)詞，因此空格處填入副詞修飾。A選項(xiàng)only“只，僅僅”；B選項(xiàng)nearly“差不多；密切地”；C選項(xiàng)hardly“幾乎不；剛剛”；D選項(xiàng)badly“非常；嚴(yán)重地”。句意：病人的進(jìn)步是令人鼓舞的，因?yàn)樗恍枰獛椭湍芟麓?。由句中“encouraging”可知，此處表示病人“幾乎不需要幫助就可下床”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.寫作題

WriteontheANSWERSHEETacompositionofabout250wordsbasedonthetopic“WillTourismBringHarmtotheEnvironment”?

Youaretowriteinthreeparts.

Inthefirstpart,statespecificallywhatyouropinionis.

Inthesecondpart，provideoneortworeasonsoryourexperience(s)tosupportyouropinion.

Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary.

【答案】略

17.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

(1)WorldWarII,televisionhasbecomethemostpopularmasscommunications(2)inhistory—perhapsthefirstmassmediumtoreachallsegmentsandgroupsinasociety.Next(3)sleepingandworking,Americansspendthegreatestpartoftheirtime(4)television,andTVviewingclearlyisa(5)socialactivityinsomeothercountriesaswell.

Theextentof(6)impact(7)societyisyettobefullydocumented,anditisdifficulttopinpointits(8)inanyspecificinstance.Nevertheless,theoutlineofsomefactorsseemsclear.(9)alittlemorethanonegeneration,televisionhas(10)hopesforahigherstandardofliving;ithasbecomeasignificantagentinthe(11)ofchildren;ithasserved(12)amajorsourceofnewsandentertainment;andithasprovidedamediumofcommunicationsthathas(13)electioncampaignsandtheroleofpoliticalparties.

GeorgeGerbner,anAmericanscholarin(14)communications,hassaid,“Televisionhasprofoundly(15)whatwecalltheprocessofsocialization,theprocess(16)whichmembersofourspeciesbecomehuman.”Itisanticipatedthattheinfluenceoftelevision(17)socialpatternsprobablewillbecomestronger(18)succeedinggenerationsaretransmittedaculturevia