考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上饒職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上饒職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Adivorceeisthesoleproviderinatypical“singleparent”family.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.religious

B.spiritual

C.exclusive

D.chief

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:離婚者是典型的單親家庭的唯一支撐者。

religious:宗教上的，修道的。spiritual:精神上的。exclusive:唯一的，高級(jí)的。chief:主要的。sole:單獨(dú)的，唯一的。故C項(xiàng)與題意一致。

2.單選題

Someresearchersfeelthatcertainpeoplehavenervoussystemsparticularly（

）tohot,drywinds.Theyarewhatwecallweathersensitivepeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subjective

B.subordinate

C.liable

D.vulnerable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。subjective主觀的，個(gè)人的；subordinate從屬的，次要的；liable有…傾向的，易…的；vulnerable易受…影響的。句意：一些研究人員意識(shí)到某些人的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)特別易受干燥的熱風(fēng)的影響，我們稱這些人為天氣敏感癥患者。由weathersensitivepeople可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)與sensitive意思一致，具有“易受……影響的”意思，故答案D

3.單選題

Wehadtotakethefrontdooroffits(

)

togetthisdeskintothehouse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.joints

B.hinges

C.boards

D.axles

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。joint“連接處，關(guān)節(jié)”；hinge“合頁(yè)”；board“木板”；axles“軸”。句意：我們得把前門卸下來，以便把桌子搬進(jìn)屋子里。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Themotherseparatedthequarrellingchildren,andgaveeachofthemasharp______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.punch

B.pinch

C.puppy

D.pumpkin

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.punch重拳擊打，吸引力B.pinch捏，掐

C.puppy小狗，幼犬D.pumpkin南瓜

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】由前半句意思“母親把吵鬧的孩子們分開”可知，gaveeachofthemasharp______中的空格應(yīng)該表示與“教訓(xùn)”相近的意思，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)符合。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)程度太深，不符合這里的語(yǔ)境；

C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】母親把吵鬧的孩子們分開，并狠狠地掐了他們一下。

5.翻譯題

TheUnitedStatesisacommonlawcountry.EveryU.S.statehasalegalsystembasedonthecommonlaw,exceptLouisiana.Commonlawhasnostatutorybasis;judgesestablishcommonlawbyapplyingpreviousdecisions(precedents)topresentcases.Althoughtypicallyaffectedbystatutoryauthority,broadareasofthelaw,mostnotablyrelatingtoproperty,contracts,andtorts,aretraditionallypartofthecommonlaw.Theseareasofthelawaremostlywithinthejurisdictionofthestates,andthusstatecourtsaretheprimarysourceofcommonlaw.Federalcommonlawisrelativelynarrowinscope,beinglimitedprimarilytoclearlyfederalissuesthathavenotbeenaddressedbyastatute.

Stateconstitutionsarethesupremelawwithinthestate.AlthoughastateconstitutionmaygrantgreaterrightsthanthosesecuredbythefederalConstitution,itcannotprovidelesserrightsthanthefederalconstitutiondoes.Statestatutesmustconformtotherespectivestate’sconstitution.AllstateconstitutionsandlegislationcanbepreemptedbyfederallegislationorthefederalConstitution.Municipalcharters,ordinances,rules,andregulationsapplyonlytolocalissues;eitherstateorfederallawtypicallycanpreemptthem.

【答案】參考譯文：

美國(guó)是一個(gè)普通法系的國(guó)家。除了路易斯安那州，美國(guó)各州都擁有一個(gè)基于普通法的法律系統(tǒng)。普通法沒有成文法基礎(chǔ)；法官們通過運(yùn)用先前的決定（先例）建立普通法去解決當(dāng)前的案例。盡管通常受法律權(quán)限和廣泛的法律領(lǐng)域影響，尤其與財(cái)產(chǎn)，合同和侵權(quán)行為有關(guān)的，傳統(tǒng)上都是普通法的一部分。這些法律領(lǐng)域大多數(shù)都是在各州的管轄范圍之內(nèi)的，因此州法院是普通法的主要來源。聯(lián)邦普通法是一個(gè)適用范圍相對(duì)狹小的法律，主要限制于處理那些非成文法的聯(lián)邦問題。

州憲法是州內(nèi)的最高位階的法律。雖然州憲法授予的權(quán)利可能多于聯(lián)邦憲法所保護(hù)的權(quán)利，但是州憲法不能提供少于聯(lián)邦憲法保護(hù)的權(quán)利。州法令必須符合各自州的憲法。所有州的憲法和法律可能被聯(lián)邦法律或聯(lián)邦憲法所取代。市政章程，條例，規(guī)則，與規(guī)定制度只適用于當(dāng)?shù)氐膯栴}，州或聯(lián)邦法律通常都可以優(yōu)先使用它們。

6.單選題

Beforetheconferencebegan,Chairmanmadeafew______remarks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.preparatory

B.preventive

C.preliminary

D.provocative

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)preparatory“預(yù)備的”，B項(xiàng)preventive“預(yù)防性的，防備的”，C項(xiàng)preliminary“初步的，開始的”，D項(xiàng)provocative“刺激的，挑撥的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息Beforetheconferencebegan“在會(huì)議開始前”可知，空格部分填入C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：會(huì)議開始前，主席說了幾句開場(chǎng)白。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

TheUnitedStatesandRussiahavereachedanagreementthatcallsforSyria’s（）ofchemicalweaponstoberemovedordestroyedbythemiddleof2014,SecretaryofStateJohnKerrysaidonSaturday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.artillery

B.armor

C.arsenal

D.army

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。artillery“炮，炮兵部隊(duì)”；armor“裝甲，盔甲”；arsenal“兵工廠，軍械庫(kù)”；army“軍隊(duì)”。句意：美俄兩國(guó)已經(jīng)達(dá)成協(xié)議，要求敘利亞化學(xué)武器的軍械庫(kù)于2014年年中移除或者銷毀。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

中國(guó)式問候

吃飯時(shí)間，“你吃了嗎？”是中國(guó)人最常用的問候語(yǔ)。不理解這種風(fēng)俗的外國(guó)人會(huì)認(rèn)為這是在邀請(qǐng)一起吃飯。但是，這僅僅是簡(jiǎn)單的問候，不是真的在發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)，所以可以回答“吃了，我吃過了?！被蛘哒f“沒有，我還沒吃?！背恕澳愠粤藛?”，中文中還有其他打招呼的方式，比如說“去哪兒？”、“忙嗎？”、“干什么呢？”、“去上班？”等等。我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)中國(guó)人問候的時(shí)候喜歡問別人在做什么，做了什么，要做什么。

【答案】Chinesegreeting

“Haveyoueaten?”isacommongreetingamongChinesewhenitisthetimeforameal.Foreignerswhodonotunderstandthiskindofcustommightregardthisasaninvitationtohaveamealtogether.However,thisisjustasimplegreeting,notarealinvitation,socanreplywith“Yes,Ihaveeaten.”or“No,notyet.”Inadditionto“Haveyoueaten?”,therearemanyotherexpressionsforsayinghelloinChinese,like“Whereareyougoing?”,“Areyoubusy?”,“Whatareyoudoing?”,“Areyougoingtowork?”,etc.WecanfindthatwhenChinesepeoplegreeteachother,theyliketoaskaboutthethingsothersaredoing,justdidoraregoingtodo.

9.單選題

By1914,tenoftheWesternstateshadgrantedwomentherighttovote,but（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onlyoneintheEast

B.onlyoneeasternstate

C.intheEastonlyonestatedid

D.onlyoneintheEasthad

【答案】A

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。前后句子的謂語(yǔ)相同，故后半句的謂語(yǔ)部分可省略。句意：到1914年，西部的十個(gè)州已經(jīng)賦予婦女投票權(quán)，但是東部只有一個(gè)州的婦女有投票權(quán)。故A項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

（

）mylossesintradethisyear,yoursarenothing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Comparingwith

B.Comparedwith

C.Tocomparewith

D.Comparewith

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)用法。句意：和我今年的損失比起來你，你的不算什么。這里因?yàn)闆]有連詞不能連接兩套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，所以選項(xiàng)D排除。主句的主語(yǔ)是yours（你的損失），這個(gè)主語(yǔ)不是人不能夠主動(dòng)去做compare“比較”這個(gè)動(dòng)作，所以要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因此排除A、C，答案選B。

11.單選題

AlthoughtheBillinitspresentformisasignificantimprovementonitsfirstform,itremains（）flawed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.seriously

B.soundlessly

C.solemnly

D.strictly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。seriously“認(rèn)真地；嚴(yán)重地”；soundlessly“無聲地，靜悄悄地”；solemnly“莊嚴(yán)地，嚴(yán)肅地”；strictly“嚴(yán)格地，完全地”。句意：盡管這項(xiàng)法案目前的版本比第一版有很大提高，但是仍然有著______不足。能夠修飾”不足”這個(gè)詞的只有seriously這個(gè)詞，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

12.單選題

Mostlargecompaniesprefercustomizedcomputersoftwarebecauseitcanbemoldedtofitthewayacompanydoesbusiness,（

）off-the-shelfsoftwareoftenrequirethecompanytoalteritsprocedurestofitthesoftware.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.since

C.whereas

D.because

【答案】A

【解析】考查連接詞。when“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”；since“自從，既然”；whereas“然而，反而”；because“因?yàn)椤薄＞湟猓涸诹餍熊浖ǔＲ蠊靖淖兂绦蛞赃m應(yīng)軟件的時(shí)候，大多數(shù)公司更喜歡定制軟件，因?yàn)樗梢员徽{(diào)整以適應(yīng)公司的業(yè)務(wù)方式。前后句沒有構(gòu)成邏輯關(guān)系，故A項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Mr.Greenis（

）inthelaw.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.learned

B.scholar

C.academic

D.scientific

【答案】A

【解析】句意:Green先生是法律方面的專家。

語(yǔ)義題。Learned博學(xué)的,有學(xué)問的;scholar學(xué)者,獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金獲得者;academic學(xué)術(shù)的,理論的;scientific科學(xué)的,系統(tǒng)的?？崭裉幥懊媸莃e動(dòng)詞is,所以空格處需要填一個(gè)形容詞。故A符合句意。

14.單選題

（）theassignmentsareturnedin

beforetheendofthisweek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Seeitthat

B.Makeitsurethat

C.Assurethat

D.Seethat

【答案】D

【解析】句意：務(wù)必在本周末之前交作業(yè)。seethat指務(wù)必,

保證。選項(xiàng)A,B中it多余,assure的主語(yǔ)一般是人,

用法為sb.assurethat...,

所以只有選項(xiàng)D正確。

15.單選題

TheReader'sDigestinvestigationaskedAmericanswhichwasthebiggestthreattothenation'sfuture--bigbusiness,biglabororbiggovernment.Awhopping67percentreplied"biggovernment".Thatisabigchangeover40yearsago.A1954OpinionResearchCorp.Pollfoundthatonly16percentofAmericansindictedbiggovernment,giventhesamethreechoices.Ina1965Gallupsurvey,thosebelievingbiggovernmenttobetheproblemhadrisento35percent;by1985,to50percent.

Now(1995)twoofthreeAmericansfearbiggovernment.Opinionresearchersrarelyseesuchavastchangeinpublicattitude.Whenputinhistoricalperspective,fromthetimeofFranklinRoosevelt’sNewDealtothepresent,thefallenstatusofgovernmentasaprotectorandbenefactorisextraordinary.We'vereturnedtotheinstinctiveAmericanwarinessofWashingtonsocommonbeforetheGreatDepression.

Inourpoll,takenbeforetheNovemberelections,theoverwhelmingmajorityofourrespondentswantedtostoporrollbacktheimpactofgovernment.InanswertoanotherquestionposedbyTheDigest,79percentsaidtheywantedeithernomorethanthecurrentlevelofgovernmentservicesandtaxes,orlessgovernmentandlowertaxes.

"Itseemstomethatweinthemiddleclassbearmostoftheburden,"saysJoNellNorman,61,anurseinDyersburg,Tenn.,whooftenwondersaboutthegovernment'sjudgmentinspendinghermoney.

OfAmericansinoursample,62percentbelievethatpoliticians’ethicsandhonestyhavefallen.AndwhataboutCongress?Isitdoingagoodjob?Ordomembers"spendmoretimethinkingabouttheirpoliticalfuturesthanpassinggoodlegislation?'

Acrossgenerations,athumping89percentthoughtthelatter."Congressalwaysseemstobescrewingup,"saysoneyoungXer.

However,Americansaresatisfiedwiththeirownlivesandjobs.Fouroffiverespondentswere"completely"or"somewhat"satisfied.Thefiguresheldupacrossallages-includingXers,whommanypunditshaveclaimedarepessimisticabouttheirfuture.

KeithUnderbill,22,ofFridley,Minn.,findshisjobasatelephoneoperatorforacataloguecompany"notchallenging,notdifficult"butstill"satisfyingbecauseoftheincome."Heseesitasaspringboardtobiggerthings."Ihopetostartmyownbusinesssomeday,somethinginfinance."Lookingdeeperatjobs,wefound70percentofAmericansbelievetheyareaboutwheretheyshouldbe,giventheirtalentsandeffort.Thisisanissuewhereagealwaysmakesadifference,sinceolderpeople,whoaremoreestablishedintheirjobs,tendtobemoresatisfied,whileyoungerworkersarestilltryingtofindtherightniche.Sureenough,Xersscored65percent,aboutfivepointsbelowaverage.

1.Thesurveyhasrevealedthatinthe40yearsthepublicfaithintheAmericangovernmenthasdroppedby（

）.

2.TheU.S.governmentstatusinthepublicmindbeforetheGreatDepression

（

）.

3.Itisclearthatthepeople'sgreatdislikeforthegovernmentisrelatedwith

（

）.

4."Politicalfuture"inParagraph5maymean

（

）.

5.Olderpeopleareunlikelytochangetheirjobssooftensince（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.67percent

B.51percent

C.35percent

D.16percent

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.wasregardedasquitenormal

B.usedtobeverylow

C.remainedadifficultproblemforthefederalgovernment

D.remindedpeopleoftheprincipleslaiddownbyWashington

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theinefficientstyleofwork

B.oftenwrongjudgments

C.therisingrateoftaxes

D.theCongress

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thefutureofthewholenation

B.people'swell-beinginthefuture

C.apositionofhigherrank

D.awarenessofconsistencyinpolicies

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theyneedtosupporttheirfamilies

B.nocompanieswilltakeintheaged

C.ittakestimetolearnanewtradeorprofession

D.theireffortsandtalentsarefalling

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“調(diào)查表明在40年民眾對(duì)美國(guó)政府的信心下降了多少？”根據(jù)文章第二段可知現(xiàn)在是1995年，說明40年前是1954年。文章第一段提到有67%的人認(rèn)為大政府對(duì)國(guó)家未來的威脅最大。而1954年只有16%人認(rèn)為大政府有威脅（A1954OpinionResearchCorp.Pollfoundthatonly16percentofAmericansindictedbiggovernment,giventhesamethreechoices），由此可知國(guó)民對(duì)政府的信心下降了51%。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在大蕭條時(shí)期前美國(guó)政府在民眾的心中是怎樣的？”文章第二段最后一句提到“我們又回到了大蕭條時(shí)期美國(guó)人對(duì)華盛頓本能的謹(jǐn)慎”（We'vereturnedtotheinstinctiveAmericanwarinessofWashingtonsocommonbeforetheGreatDepression），說明在大蕭條時(shí)期政府在民眾心中的地位就低，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第六段提到89%的人認(rèn)為國(guó)會(huì)會(huì)把事情搞砸（Acrossgenerations,athumping89percentthoughtthelatter."Congressalwaysseemstobescrewingup,"saysoneyoungXer），選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.詞義題。文章第五段第一句提到在樣本中，62%的美國(guó)人認(rèn)為政客的道德和誠(chéng)實(shí)度已經(jīng)下降（OfAmericansinoursample,62percentbelievethatpoliticians’ethicsandhonestyhavefallen），以及比起通過好的法規(guī)，議員們花更多的時(shí)間在他們的政治前途上嗎？（Ordomembers"spendmoretimethinkingabouttheirpoliticalfuturesthanpassinggoodlegislation?）可知這里的政治前途指的是權(quán)利地位，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。文章最后一段提到由于年齡較大的人在工作中更穩(wěn)定，他們往往更滿意（sinceolderpeople,whoaremoreestablishedintheirjobs,tendtobemoresatisfied），選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

16.單選題

Allspecialistsagreethatthemostimportantconsiderationwithdietdrugsiscarefully（

）therisksandbenefits.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.valuing

B.evaluating

C.estimating

D.weighing

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。value“評(píng)價(jià)；重視；估價(jià)”；evaluate“評(píng)估；估價(jià)”；estimate“估計(jì)：判斷”；weigh“權(quán)衡；考慮”。句意：所有專家一致認(rèn)為最重要的事是權(quán)衡減肥藥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和好處。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

17.單選題

Theymanagedto（）theenemy’ssecrettelegramandthuswereabletowinthevictory.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.decompose

B.decode

C.enlighten

D.enclose

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Decompose“分解，腐爛”；decode“解密，破譯”；enlighten“啟示”；enclose“圍繞，裝入”。句意：他們?cè)O(shè)法破譯了敵人的密電，從而贏得了勝利。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

18.單選題

InAfricaHIVandAIDScontinueto（）thepopulation;nearly60percentofthoseinfectedarewomen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alleviate

B.boost

C.capture

D.ravage

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)alleviate“減輕，緩和”；B選項(xiàng)boost“促進(jìn)，增加”；C選項(xiàng)capture“捕獲”；D選項(xiàng)ravage“毀壞，破壞，蹂躪”。句意：在非洲，艾滋病毒和艾滋病繼續(xù)_____人們；將近60%的感染者是女性。這里表達(dá)的意思是艾滋病仍然在非洲肆虐，“蹂躪著那里的人們”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.單選題

Thedrugstoreatthecornerofourstreetsellsaspirinsand（）penicillinprescriptions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dispenses

B.disposes

C.disperses

D.dispatches

【答案】A

【解析】考查同形詞義辨析。dispenses“分配；分發(fā)”；disposes“處理；安排”；disperses“分散；使散開”；dispatches“派遣；分派”，此句中and一詞連接了兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，所以此處要填的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與sells是對(duì)應(yīng)的，按照常識(shí)，藥店除了會(huì)賣藥之外，也會(huì)分發(fā)一些藥品，所以此處應(yīng)該選擇一個(gè)表示“分發(fā)”的動(dòng)詞。句意：在我們這條街街角處有一個(gè)藥店售賣阿司匹林并且……青霉素的處方。因此可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Hutuextremistsingovernmentorganizedthekillingandusedstateradiostationstourgeordinarypeopletocrushthecockroaches—aHutu_______forTutsis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cursor

B.irregularity

C.slur

D.amende

【答案】C

【解析】cursor光標(biāo),指針;irregularity不規(guī)則,無規(guī)律;slur污點(diǎn),誹謗;amende道歉,賠償。句意：政府中的胡圖族極端分子組織了這次屠殺,并利用國(guó)家廣播電臺(tái)慫恿平民百姓鎮(zhèn)壓蟑螂——這是胡圖族對(duì)圖西人的蔑稱。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

21.單選題

Wehaveto________theroutineexpenditure，otherwiseitwillbeimpossibleforustoaffordacar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.decline

B.condense

C.curtail

D.dwindle

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。decline“下降，衰落”；condense“使?jié)饪s”；curtail“縮減，剪短”；dwindle“使縮小，減小”。句意：我們必須縮減日常開支，否則我們不可能買得起一輛車。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

22.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET.

EnergyMinisterCharlesHendryannouncedlastweekthatconvertingtheplutonium(钚)toMOX(mixed-oxidefuel)wasstilltheplan,butanew￡3billion(US$4.7billion)plantwouldonlybebuiltifitcouldbeshownthatitwasbothaffordableandofferedvalueformoney.Althoughatfirstglancethismayseemfiscallyprudent,whentakenwithotherrecenteventsitstartstolooknonsensical.JustafewweeksagotheNDA(theNuclearDecommissioningAuthority),respondingtothegovernment’sownrequesttoconsiderhowtodealwiththestockpile,advisedthatthecostofmakingMOXisgreaterthanitsvalueasafuel.Andtherefore,themostcost-effectiveplanwouldbetocontinuestoringtheplutoniumuntilageologicaldisposalfacilitybecomesavailableforittobeburiedunderground.Sowhat’sgoingon?Tomakesenseofitall,NaturepeersthroughthelookingglassoftheBritishnuclearindustry.

【答案】能源部長(zhǎng)查爾斯?亨得利上周宣布，將钚轉(zhuǎn)化為MOX（混合氧化物燃料）仍然在計(jì)劃中，但是只有在能負(fù)擔(dān)得起和有收益的情況下，才會(huì)建造一項(xiàng)新的30億英磅（47億美元）的工廠。盡管乍一看，這在財(cái)政上似乎是謹(jǐn)慎的，但與最近發(fā)生的其他事件相結(jié)合，就開始顯得荒謬了。就在幾周前，NDA（核退役管理局）回應(yīng)了政府自己提出的考慮如何處理庫(kù)存的請(qǐng)求，建議制造MOX的成本大于其作為燃料的價(jià)值。因此，最經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠的計(jì)劃將是繼續(xù)儲(chǔ)存钚，直到有地質(zhì)處理設(shè)施可以將其埋在地下為止。那么到底發(fā)生了什么？為了弄清這一切，《自然》透過英國(guó)核工業(yè)的鏡子審視了這一切。

23.單選題

WhenMr.Johnswentshoppingatthethriftstore,hewaslookingfora（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bargain

B.charge

C.gain

D.purchase

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。bargain便宜貨；charge費(fèi)用；gain利潤(rùn)，收獲；purchase購(gòu)買的東西。根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞thethriftstore（舊貨店，二手店）判斷,選項(xiàng)A更符合句意。

24.單選題

Inmyeyes,theoldgenerationisalways（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.economic

B.costly

C.expensive

D.thrifty

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)economic“經(jīng)濟(jì)的；經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的”；B選項(xiàng)costly“昂貴的；代價(jià)高的”；C選項(xiàng)expensive“昂貴的”；D選項(xiàng)thrifty“節(jié)檢的；節(jié)約的”。句意：在我眼里，老一輩總是……的。關(guān)鍵詞theoldgeneration老一輩的消費(fèi)觀偏向于節(jié)約。故選D。

25.單選題

Theteacherwasinaragewithhim,forhishandwritinginthecompositionwas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.illegible

B.incomprehensible

C.inaudible

D.decipherable

【答案】A

【解析】illegible難以辨認(rèn)的,字跡潦草的；incomprehensible費(fèi)解的,不可思議的；inaudible聽不見的；decipherable可辨認(rèn)的,可解密的。句意：老師對(duì)他很生氣,因?yàn)樗淖魑淖舟E潦草。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

26.單選題

16-20

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Liverfailure.

B.Breastcancer.

C.Kidneyfailure.

D.Diabetesoutofcontrol.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Shape.

B.Color.

C.Price.

D.Size.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itismuchsmallerthanamicrowave.

B.Itleavesmuchroomforreduction.

C.Itisadjustable.

D.Itisperfect.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itisunderaclinicaltrial.

B.Itisavailableinthemarket.

C.Itiswidelyusedintheclinic.

D.Itisintheexperimentalstage.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thecommercialcompanieshaveinvestedalotinthenewmachine.

B.Thefurtherdevelopmentofthemachineisinfinancialtrouble.

C.Thefederalgovernmentfinancestheresearch.

D.Themachinewillcomeintobeinginnotime.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】Alotofdoctorscantellwhat'swrongwithyoubysleeping,andIcandothisbysmelling.ThisactuallygoesbacktothedayofancientGreece.Forexample,youcanwalkintoaroomorgetclosetoapatientwhohaddiabetesthatisnotwellcontrolled.Thereisakindofsweetishsmell.ThatmeansIcanwalkintoaroomandtellifapatienthaskidneyfailureorliverfailure.Andnowthereisamachinethatcandothattoo.Itisfascinatingthattherehavebeenthesemachinesinthepast,buttheywerejustenormous.Thesemachinesareimpossibletouseclinically,because,youknow,inawholeroomfortheequipments.Sointhepast,theywerenotusedintherapy.Butthenewly-inventedonesareverysmallandconcise.Theyusenewlasertechnologyandnowavailablegiventhesizeofthemachine.Unliketheprevious,theyarejustofthesizeofmicrowave.However,theyareverymuchintheexperimentalstage.Interesting.Unlikeanyofthesethingswhichareproducedbycommercialcompany,thisworkisbeingdonebythefederalgovernment.

16.Whatdiseasecan’tbesmelt?

【解析】從短文開始可知，男士通過嗅覺感知有“diabetes”糖尿病病人的存在，女士接著又提到如果病人“kidney”（腎臟）或者“l(fā)iver”（肝臟）功能有問題是否能感知到。因此未被提及的病只有B（乳腺癌）。

17.Whatwastheproblemofthemachineinthepast?

【解析】從男士的話語(yǔ)中可知，過去使用的機(jī)器是“enormous”（巨大的），由此可知是尺寸太大的問題，故D選項(xiàng)是正確答案。

18.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

【解析】根據(jù)短文的最后一句可知，新款機(jī)器還“verymuchintheexperimentalstage”（很大程度處于試驗(yàn)階段），由此可推理得知這款機(jī)器還有很大的濃縮空間。故選B。

19.Whatstageofthenewmachineisnow?

【解析】根據(jù)上文的解析可知，D為正確答案。

20.Whatisthedifferenceaboutthemachinesfromthepastones?

【解析】在最后男士說：“與商業(yè)公司生產(chǎn)的藥品不同,這次是由聯(lián)邦政府做的”。由此可知，該產(chǎn)品是由聯(lián)邦政府支持研發(fā)并提供資金支持。故本題選C。

27.單選題

AsbefitsanationmadeupofimmigrantsfromallovertheChristianworld,AmericanshavenodistinctiveChristmassymbols;butwehavetakenthesymbolsofallthenationsandmadethemourown.TheChristmastree,thehollyandtheivy,themistletoe,theexchangeofgifts,themythofSantaClaus,andthecarolsofallnations,theplumpuddingandthewassailbowlareallelementsintheAmericanChristmasofthemid-twentiethcentury.ThoughwehavenoChristmassymbolsofourown,theAmericanChristmasstillhasadistinctiveaurabyvirtueoftwocharacteristicelements.

Thefirstoftheseisthat,asmightbeexpectedinanationasdedicatedtothecarryingonofbusinessastheAmericannation,thedominantroleoftheChristmasfestivitieshasbecometoserveasastimulustoretailbusiness.ThethemesofChristmasadvertisingbegintoappearasearlyasSeptember,andtheopenseasononChristmasshoppingbeginsinNovember.Fiftyyearsago,ThanksgivingDaywasregardedastheopeningdayoftheseasonforChristmasshopping;today,theseasonopensimmediatelyafterHalloween.Thus,virtuallyawholemonthhasbeenaddedtotheChristmasseason-forshoppingpurposes.

Second,theChristmasseasonoffestivitieshasinsensiblycombinedwiththeNewYear’scelebrationintoonelengthenedperiodofSaturnalia.Thisstartswiththe“officeparties”afewdaysbeforeChristmas,continuesonChristmasEve,nowtheoccasioninAmericaofoneoftwolarge-scalerevelsthatmarktheseason-savethattheChristmasEverevelsareoftenpunctuatedbyavisittooneofthelargerchurchesformidnightMass,whichhasincreasinglytendedtobecomeblendedintoapartoftheentertainmentaspectoftheseason-andcontinuesinspiritedeuphoriauntilNewYear’sEve,thesecondofthelarge-scalerevels.NewYear'sDayisspentresting,possiblyregrettingone’sexcesses,watchingafootball“bowl”game,andindulginginthelenitiveofone'schoice.January2marks,formost,thereturntotemperanceanddecorumandbusinessasusual.

1.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthemannerinwhichChristmasiscelebratedintheUnitedStatesisoneof（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingwouldbemostinaccordwiththemainideasofthepassage?

3.WhatwouldtheauthorofthepassagelikelysaybywayofanalysisoftheuseofChristmascardsbyAmericanstocelebrateChristmas?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestbeinferredfromthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.greatdisapproval

B.humorousconfusion

C.laudatoryacclaim

D.objectiveanalysis

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.InPuritanMassachusettsBayColony,itwasacrime,punishablebythestocks,tofailtoobserveChristmas.

B.ChristmascustomsinEuropeandAmericathatareassociatedwiththeFeastoftheNativitywerenotoriginallyChristian.

C.RudolphtheRed-nosedReindeerhasbecomeatraditionalaspectofChristmas,yetwascreatedonlyafewyearsagobycommercialinterests.

D.Inwidelyseparatedareasoftheworld,religiousobservancestendtoclusteraroundstrikingnaturalphenomena.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ThesendingoflargenumbersofexpensivecardsislargelyanextensionofthebusinessaspectoftheAmericanChristmascelebration.

B.Thereachingouttomanyfriends,bothcloseandfar,throughthecards,isanextensionofthefestivespiritoftheAmericanChristmascelebration.

C.ThemultiplicityofcardsandformsisareflectionoftheveryheterogeneousviewsofAmericansonthecelebrationofChristmas.

D.TheextensionoftheChristmasseasonhaspermittedmorecardstobesentandhandledbytheoverworkedpostalsystem.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thegreatwavesofimmigrantsfrommanycountriesinthelate1800’sandearly1900’shadasignificanteffectontheAmericancelebrationofChristmas.

B.OnlytheearliestsettlersbroughttraditionsonwhichtheAmericanChristmascelebra-tionisbased.

C.EveryyearseesthestartofanewChristmas“tradition.”

D.TheSaturnaliaofChristmasweekisa,releasefromthehardworkoftheChristmasshoppingseason.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第一段“AsbefitsanationmadeupofimmigrantsfromallovertheChristianworld,AmericanshavenodistinctiveChristmassymbols.以及ThoughwehavenoChristmassymbolsofourown,theAmericanChristmasstillhasadistinctiveaurabyvirtueoftwocharacteristicelements.作為一個(gè)由來自基督教世界各地的移民組成的國(guó)家，美國(guó)人沒有獨(dú)特的圣誕符號(hào)。以及雖然我們自己沒有圣誕節(jié)的象征，美國(guó)圣誕節(jié)仍然有獨(dú)特的氣場(chǎng)的兩個(gè)特征元素?！庇纱丝芍髡邔?duì)于美國(guó)慶祝圣誕節(jié)的方式的態(tài)度是客觀的，沒有摻雜主觀情緒在其中。故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“不同意”；B項(xiàng)“幽默的混亂”；C項(xiàng)“贊美的贊譽(yù)”；D項(xiàng)“客觀分析”。

2.判斷推理題。A項(xiàng)“在馬薩諸塞灣的殖民地，某清教徒犯罪，被處罰金，不能慶祝圣誕節(jié)”不符合題意。B項(xiàng)“在歐洲和美國(guó)，與耶穌誕生節(jié)相關(guān)的圣誕節(jié)習(xí)俗最初并不是基督教的?！辈环显?。C項(xiàng)“紅鼻子馴鹿魯?shù)婪?Rudolph)已經(jīng)成為圣誕節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)元素，但它是幾年前才由商業(yè)利益創(chuàng)造出來的?！笔フQ老人的出現(xiàn)并不是由于商業(yè)原因。D項(xiàng)“在世界廣泛的區(qū)域，宗教紀(jì)念活動(dòng)往往與驚人的自然現(xiàn)象緊密相連。”由Second,theChristmasseasonoffestivitieshasinsensiblycombinedwiththeNewYear’scelebrationintoonelengthenedperiodofSaturnalia.其次，圣誕節(jié)的慶?；顒?dòng)與新年的慶祝活動(dòng)不知不覺地結(jié)合在一起，成為一個(gè)延長(zhǎng)的農(nóng)神節(jié)?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。這篇文章主要說明了美國(guó)圣誕節(jié)的兩個(gè)特色：一方面促進(jìn)零售業(yè)的大發(fā)展，另一方面整個(gè)節(jié)日時(shí)間變長(zhǎng)了。根據(jù)第一個(gè)特色，可知寄送大量昂貴的賀卡是為了拓展圣誕節(jié)期間的生意。A項(xiàng)“寄大量昂貴的賀卡在很大程度上是美國(guó)圣誕節(jié)慶?；顒?dòng)商業(yè)方面的延伸?！盉項(xiàng)“通過賀卡向許多遠(yuǎn)近的朋友伸出援手，是美國(guó)圣誕節(jié)慶?；顒?dòng)節(jié)日精神的延伸?！盋項(xiàng)“卡片和形式的多樣性反映了美國(guó)人對(duì)慶祝圣誕節(jié)的不同看法。”D項(xiàng)“圣誕假期的延長(zhǎng)使得超負(fù)荷工作的郵政系統(tǒng)可以發(fā)送和處理更多的賀卡。”A項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。由TheChristmastree,thehollyandtheivy,themistletoe,theexchangeofgifts,themythofSantaClaus,andthecarolsofallnations,theplumpuddingandthewassailbowlareallelementsintheAmericanChristmasofthemid-twentiethcentury.可知20世紀(jì)中期以前，世界各地移民對(duì)美國(guó)的圣誕慶祝方式有很大的影響。A項(xiàng)“19世紀(jì)晚期和20世紀(jì)初，來自許多國(guó)家的移民浪潮對(duì)美國(guó)的圣誕節(jié)慶?；顒?dòng)產(chǎn)生了重大影響?！狈项}意。試題答案A。

28.單選題

Therearenotmanyteacherswhoarestrong（

）oftraditionalmethodsinEnglishteaching.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sponsors

B.contributors

C.advocates

D.performers

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。Sponsor“贊助者”；contributor“捐贈(zèng)者”；advocate“倡導(dǎo)者，支持者”；performer“表演者”。句意：很多老師都不再?gòu)?qiáng)烈倡導(dǎo)傳統(tǒng)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)法了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

29.單選題

Duringhistwo-monthstayinChina,Tomnever（）achancetopracticehisChinese.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.passedon

B.passedup

C.passedby

D.passedout

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組詞義辨析。passedon“傳遞；去世”；passedup“拒絕；向上遞”；passedby“經(jīng)過”；passedout“暈倒；分發(fā)”，根據(jù)句意可知此處表達(dá)的是他抓住了任何一個(gè)可以練習(xí)中文的機(jī)會(huì)，此處只有選擇passedup，取其“拒絕”的意思才能使整個(gè)句子表達(dá)通暢。句意：在他在中國(guó)待的兩個(gè)月時(shí)間里，他從未……任何一個(gè)練習(xí)中文的機(jī)會(huì)。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

30.單選題

Thepursuitofleisureonthepartoftheemployeeswillcertainlynot（）theirprospectofpromotion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spur

B.further

C.induce

D.reinforce

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)spur“鞭策，刺激”；B選項(xiàng)further“促進(jìn)，助長(zhǎng)”；C選項(xiàng)induce“誘導(dǎo)”；D選項(xiàng)reinforce“加強(qiáng)，鞏固”。根據(jù)句意：追求享樂對(duì)于雇員而言肯定不能促進(jìn)他們晉升。選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

31.單選題

Onlyaselectednumberoflandladiesintheneighborhoodhavebeenallowedbytheuniversitytotakein（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lodgers

B.residents

C.settlers

D.inhabitants

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。lodger房客；residents居民；settler移民；inhabitant居民。句意：附近只有少數(shù)被挑選的女房東被該大學(xué)允許租房給學(xué)生。A項(xiàng)符合句意，答案A。

32.單選題

TheelderlyRussiansfindithardtoliveontheirstate（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pensions

B.earnings

C.salaries

D.donations

【答案】A

【解析】句意:老年俄羅斯公民發(fā)現(xiàn)，依靠國(guó)家的養(yǎng)老金生活很艱難。

考查名詞辨析。pension養(yǎng)老金；earning收益；工資；salary薪水；donation捐贈(zèng)；捐款。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

33.單選題

Thesedesksandseatscanbe______totheheighttoanychild.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adapted

B.adopted

C.adjusted

D.attached

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adapted“適應(yīng)”；B選項(xiàng)adopted“采用”；C選項(xiàng)adjusted“調(diào)整；校正”；D選項(xiàng)attached“附加”。句意：這些課桌和椅子可以______到任何孩子的高度。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里是指這些課桌和椅子可以調(diào)整高度，所以adjusted“調(diào)整”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

34.單選題

Manypeoplewhoareotherwisecommittedtolow-carbonlife-styleswill（）fromparticipatinginanactionthatmightinvolvesignificantlevelsofpoliceharassmentorevenviolence.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeoff

B.betakenoff

C.putoff

D.beputoff

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配和語(yǔ)法題。takeoff“離開，起飛”；putoff“脫下”。句意：許多堅(jiān)持低碳生活的人將拒絕參加那些大量警察干預(yù)甚至暴力的行動(dòng)。所以是主動(dòng)從這些活動(dòng)中離開，不參加。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

35.單選題

First,let’sconsiderwhatanuclearreactoris:a(1),glowingred-hotcoal.That’sa(2)wayofdescribingit,anyway.Nuclearreactors,justlikefossilfuel-burningpowerplants,makeelectricityby(3)watersoitturnsintosteamand(4)aturbine,whichpowersagenerator.

Touseanother(5),thenuclearfissionwhich(6)thisheatisabitlikethechaosyou’dgetifyoutoppledagiantpyramidof(7)tomatoes.First,onecanwouldfall,andthenitwouldbounceoffseveralmorecans,(8)thoseover,andthenthey’dallbouncedownhill,creatinganever-expandingchainreaction.Andeachtimeacanhitanothercan,itwouldproduceasparkofheat.

InJapan,thischainreactionstoppedatthetimeoftheearthquake,whenthereactorsshutdownasasafety(9).Butnuclearfissionproducessuch(10)amountsofheatthatittakesalongtimeforthereactorcoretocool.Plus,thefissile(11)keepsgivingoffwhat’scalled“decayheat”asitcontinuesto(12)radiation.Rightaftershutdown,anuclearreactorisstillproducinglargeamountsofheat,soyou’vegotaprettybigjobkeepingthewholethingcool.

Normallythat’sdonebycirculatingwateraroundthecore.ButinJapan,theearthquakeknockedoutallmeansofmovingthis(13).Oncethathappens,thewatercanturntosteam,lacedwithhydrogenandotherexplosiveelements.This(14)pressureinthecontainmentbuilding.That’swhatcausedthebuildingexplos