考研考博-英語(yǔ)-華東交通大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-華東交通大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Shedescribedthedistributionoffoodandmedicalsuppliesasa（）nightmare.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.paranoid

B.putative

C.benign

D.logistical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。paranoid“像偏執(zhí)狂的；患偏執(zhí)狂的”；putative“推定的，假定的，被公認(rèn)的”；benign“（氣候）良好的，仁慈的，和藹的”；logistical“邏輯的，運(yùn)籌的；后勤方面的”。句意：她把食物分配和醫(yī)療供應(yīng)描述成是一場(chǎng)后勤的噩夢(mèng)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

Nobodycan（

）herfrommarryinghim,forshealwayshasherownway.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prevent

B.preserve

C.present

D.prevail

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。prevent“妨礙，制止”；preserve“保護(hù)，保養(yǎng)”；present“贈(zèng)送”；prevail“盛行”。句意：沒(méi)人能阻止她嫁給他，因?yàn)樗偸俏倚形宜?。根?jù)上下文關(guān)系，可知答案A

3.單選題

Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.（1）,atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecomer.Indeed,predictionsofsuchasocietyhavebeen（2）fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpayment“wouldsoonrevolutionizethevery（3）ofmoneyitself,”onlyto（4）itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso

（5）

incoming?

Althoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentsystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork

（6）thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery（7）tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe

（8）formofpayment.Second,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey

（9）

receipts,somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingto（10）.Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof“float”--ittakesseveraldays（11）acheckiscashedandfundsare

（12）fromtheissuer’saccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcanearninterestonthefundsinthemeantime.

（13）electronicpaymentsareimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.

Fourth,electronicmeansofpaymentmay（14）securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation（15）there.Becausethisisnotan（16）

occurrence,unscrupulouspersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand

（17）fundsbymovingthemfromsomeoneelse’saccountsintotheirown.The（18）ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andawholenewfieldofcomputersciencehasdevelopedto

（19）securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic（20）

thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldataonbuyinghabits.Thereareworriesthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyencroachingonourprivacy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.However

B.Moreover

C.Therefore

D.Otherwise

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.off

B.back

C.over

D.around

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.power

B.concept

C.history

D.role

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.reward

B.resist

C.resume

D.reverse

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.silent

B.sudden

C.slow

D.steady

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.against

C.with

D.on

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.imaginative

B.expensive

C.sensitive

D.productive

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.similar

B.original

C.temporary

D.dominant

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.collect

B.provide

C.copy

D.print

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.giveup

B.takeover

C.bringback

D.passdown

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.before

B.after

C.since

D.when

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.kept

B.borrowed

C.released

D.withdrawn

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.Unless

B.Until

C.Because

D.Though

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.hide

B.express

C.raise

D.ease

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.analyzed

B.shared

C.stored

D.displayed

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.unsafe

B.unnatural

C.uncommon

D.unclear

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.steal

B.choose

C.benefit

D.return

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.consideration

B.prevention

C.manipulation

D.justification

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.copewith

B.fightagainst

C.adaptto

D.callfor

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.chunk

B.chip

C.path

D.trail

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:B

第8題:D

第9題:B

第10題:A

第11題:A

第12題:D

第13題:C

第14題:C

第15題:C

第16題:C

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】（1）邏輯關(guān)系?？崭袂啊皔oumightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssociety你可能認(rèn)為我們會(huì)快速進(jìn)入一個(gè)無(wú)現(xiàn)金的社會(huì)”，而空格后“atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecomer一個(gè)真正的無(wú)現(xiàn)金社會(huì)可能不會(huì)即將來(lái)臨”，所以空格前后兩句句意發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)折，需要填寫(xiě)一個(gè)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞，A選項(xiàng)“然而；但是”正確。B選項(xiàng)moreover“而且；此外”，表遞進(jìn)；C選項(xiàng)therefore“因此；所以”，表結(jié)果;D選項(xiàng)otherwise“否則；除此之外；在自他方面”，表對(duì)比，均不合邏輯，排除。

（2）固定搭配。空格后“Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpayment例如，商業(yè)周刊在1975年預(yù)測(cè)電子支付方式”可知空格前這里指代的是“對(duì)無(wú)現(xiàn)金社會(huì)的預(yù)測(cè)早己存在”，D選項(xiàng)的around構(gòu)成固定搭配bearound表示“存在，出現(xiàn)”，正確。

（3）詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)power“力量;政權(quán)；勢(shì)力”；B選項(xiàng)concept“觀(guān)念，概念”；C選項(xiàng)history“歷史，歷史學(xué)，來(lái)歷”；D選項(xiàng)role“角色，作用”。空格所在句子意思為‘例如，1975年《商業(yè)周刊》預(yù)測(cè)電子支付手段很快將“徹底改變貨幣本身的?！庇晌恼略谥v述“電子貨幣取代紙幣”與空格前“revolutionize改革”的對(duì)應(yīng)可知這里指代的是“改革貨幣本身的概念”，B選項(xiàng)正確。

（4）詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)reward“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；獎(jiǎng)賞”；B選項(xiàng)resist“抵抗；忍耐”；C選項(xiàng)resume“重新開(kāi)始，繼續(xù)”；D選項(xiàng)reverse“使倒退；調(diào)換”?？崭袂啊癮truecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecomer—個(gè)真正的無(wú)現(xiàn)金社會(huì)可能不會(huì)即將來(lái)臨”與“onlyto不料竟會(huì)"表轉(zhuǎn)折，所以D選項(xiàng)“使倒退”符合語(yǔ)境，正確。句意是‘例如，1975年的《商業(yè)周刊》曾預(yù)測(cè)，電子支付方式“很快就會(huì)徹底改變貨幣本身的概念”，但幾年之后又發(fā)生了逆轉(zhuǎn)’。

（5）詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)silent“沉默的;寂靜的”；B選項(xiàng)sudden“突然的，意外的”；C選項(xiàng)slow“緩慢的；減速的;遲鈍的”；D選項(xiàng)steady“穩(wěn)定的;沉著的”?？崭袂啊癮truecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecomer一個(gè)真正的無(wú)現(xiàn)金社會(huì)可能不會(huì)即將來(lái)臨”，而空格后關(guān)鍵詞“coming來(lái)到”，所以的C選項(xiàng)“緩慢的”才符合語(yǔ)境，正確。

（6）邏輯關(guān)系。由空格前‘雖然電子支付方式可能比基于紙張的支付系統(tǒng)更有效率，’其中“Although盡管”表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說(shuō)明句意發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折，所以空格句應(yīng)該是“幾個(gè)因素妨礙紙幣系統(tǒng)的消失”，所以B選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成的搭配workagainst“妨礙”符合語(yǔ)境，正確。A選項(xiàng)workfor“為……工作；受雇于”；C選項(xiàng)workwith“與共事；對(duì)…有效”；D選項(xiàng)workon“影響，對(duì)…起作用；繼續(xù)工作；從事于……”均不符合語(yǔ)境，排除。

（7）詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)imaginative“虛構(gòu)的；富于想象的；有創(chuàng)造力的”；B選項(xiàng)expensive“昂貴的;花錢(qián)的”；C選項(xiàng)sensitive“敏感的；靈敏的;易受傷害的”;D選項(xiàng)productive“生產(chǎn)的；多產(chǎn)的；富有成效的”。由第六題的分析知這里在介紹妨礙紙幣系統(tǒng)消失的因素；所以“安裝電腦等應(yīng)該是昂貴的”，B選項(xiàng)正確。

（8）詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)similar“相似的”；B選項(xiàng)original“最初的;獨(dú)創(chuàng)的”；C選項(xiàng)temporary“暫時(shí)的，臨時(shí)的”;D選項(xiàng)dominant“顯性的；支配的，主要的”。由空格前“setupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommunicationsnetworks裝配電腦、讀卡器和通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)”的可知這里句意是“讓電子貨幣成為主要的支付方式”，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

（9）詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)collect“收集；回收；領(lǐng)取”；B選項(xiàng)provide“提供；規(guī)定；裝備”；C選項(xiàng)copy“復(fù)制；抄襲”；D選項(xiàng)print“印刷；打印”。由空格前“paperchecks紙質(zhì)支票”與空格后"receipts收據(jù)”的對(duì)應(yīng)知這里句意是“其次，紙質(zhì)支票的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于它能提供收據(jù)，”B選項(xiàng)正確。

（10）詞組題。A選項(xiàng)giveup“放棄；交出”；B選項(xiàng)takeover“接管；接收”；C選項(xiàng)bringback“拿回來(lái)；使……恢復(fù)，使……回憶起來(lái)”;D下次passdown“傳下來(lái);遺傳”。空格前句意“其次，紙質(zhì)支票的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于它能提供收據(jù)，而很多消費(fèi)者不愿去……東西”，句中something指代“advantage優(yōu)勢(shì)”，所以這里是指代“放棄優(yōu)勢(shì)”，A選項(xiàng)正確。

（11）邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)before“在……以前；在……之前”；B選項(xiàng)after“在……之后”;C選項(xiàng)since“自……以來(lái)；自……以后”;D選項(xiàng)when“當(dāng)……時(shí)；在……時(shí)”。由空格前“第三，使用紙質(zhì)支票給消費(fèi)者幾天的“浮動(dòng)”時(shí)間這需要幾天時(shí)間”與空格后“acheckiscashed—個(gè)支票被兌現(xiàn)”可知“在……之前”符合語(yǔ)境，A選項(xiàng)正確。

（12）詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)keptkeep“保持；經(jīng)營(yíng)；遵守；飼養(yǎng)”，keepfrom“隱瞞；阻止；抑制”；B選項(xiàng)borrowborrowed“借；借用”，borrowfrom“向借”;C選項(xiàng)releasereleased）“釋放”，releasefrom“從…釋放；解除”；D選項(xiàng)withdrawwithdrawn“撤退；收回；撤消；取出”，withdrawfrom“撤退，退出；取出”。由11題和空格前“acheckiscashed一個(gè)支票被兌現(xiàn)”可知這里指代“金錢(qián)從支票開(kāi)出者的賬戶(hù)上被取出”，D選項(xiàng)正確。

（13）邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)unless“除非”；B選項(xiàng)until“在……以前；直到……時(shí)”;C選項(xiàng)because“因?yàn)?；由于”；D選項(xiàng)though“雖然；盡管”?？崭窈蟆癳lectronicpaymentsareimmediate電子支付是立即的”與“theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer它們除去了針對(duì)消費(fèi)者的浮款（即消費(fèi)者可以等幾天后才實(shí)際付款的情況）”之間存在因果關(guān)系，C選項(xiàng)正確。

（14）邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)hide“隱藏；隱瞞”；B選項(xiàng)express“表達(dá)；特快發(fā)送”；C選項(xiàng)raise“提高；籌集；養(yǎng)育；升起；引起”；D選項(xiàng)ease“減輕，緩和；使安心”?？崭窈蟆癮nunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation一個(gè)未被授權(quán)的黑客能進(jìn)入計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)去更改數(shù)據(jù)”可知這里指代“引起安全和隱私的擔(dān)憂(yōu)”，C選項(xiàng)正確。

（15）動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng)后置定語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法。A選項(xiàng)analyze動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞analyzed，“對(duì)進(jìn)行分析”;B選項(xiàng)share動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞為shared，“分享；分擔(dān)”;C選項(xiàng)store動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞為stored，“貯藏；儲(chǔ)存”，D選項(xiàng)display動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞為displayed，“顯示；表現(xiàn)；陳列”。空格所在句句意‘我們經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到媒體報(bào)道說(shuō)一個(gè)未經(jīng)授權(quán)的黑客已經(jīng)能夠訪(fǎng)問(wèn)一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)并修改在那里…信息?！皌here”指代的是“inthedatabase在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)”，所以空格指代的是“被儲(chǔ)存在那里的信息”；C選項(xiàng)正確。

（16）詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)unsafe“危險(xiǎn)的；不安穩(wěn)的”；B選項(xiàng)unnatural“不自然的;反常的”;C選項(xiàng)uncommon“罕見(jiàn)的；不尋常的”；D選項(xiàng)unclear“不清楚的”。本句中的this指代的是上句中“黑客能夠獲取電腦數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和更改儲(chǔ)存信息”，且上文關(guān)鍵詞‘often’與本句空格所在的“notuncommon”為同義替代。所以C選項(xiàng)正確。

（17）詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)steal“偷竊；竊取”;B選項(xiàng)choose“選擇，決定”；C選項(xiàng)benefit“有益于，對(duì)…有益”；D選項(xiàng)return“返回；報(bào)答”。由空格后“bymovingthemfromsomeoneelse’saccountsintotheirown通過(guò)將它們(即金錢(qián))從其它人的賬戶(hù)移到他們自己的賬戶(hù)”可知空格這里指代的是“偷竊金錢(qián)”，A選項(xiàng)正確。

（18）詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)consideration“考慮;關(guān)心”;B選項(xiàng)prevention“預(yù)防；阻止；妨礙”；C選項(xiàng)manipulation“操縱；篡改”；D選項(xiàng)justification“理由；辯護(hù)；認(rèn)為有理”。由空格后“thistypeoffraud這種欺騙”的對(duì)應(yīng)知空格指代“阻止這種欺騙不是容易的工作”，B選項(xiàng)正確。

（19）詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)copewith“處理，應(yīng)付”；B選項(xiàng)fightagainst“反對(duì)；與…作斗爭(zhēng)”；C選項(xiàng)adaptto“使適合，使適宜”;D選項(xiàng)callfor“要求;提倡”?？崭袂啊皀ewfieldofcomputersciencehasdevelopedto新領(lǐng)域的計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)己發(fā)展去……”，空格后“securityissues安全問(wèn)題”，所以空格處的含義是的“處理，應(yīng)付”，A選項(xiàng)正確。

（20）詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)chunk“大塊;很多”；B選項(xiàng)chip“芯片;碎片;薄片”;C選項(xiàng)path“道路；小路;軌道”；D選項(xiàng)trail“痕跡；足跡；小徑”?？崭袂啊硪粋€(gè)令人擔(dān)憂(yōu)的問(wèn)題是，使用電子支付方式會(huì)留下電子支付的…’，空格后“containsalargeamountofpersonaldataonbuyinghabits包含大量有關(guān)購(gòu)買(mǎi)習(xí)慣的個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)”，所以空格指代的是“痕跡”，D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.翻譯題

61.Americanscientistshaveforthefirsttimetakenstemcellsfromhumanembryosthataregeneticcopiesoflivingpeople.Thegoalistocreatebettertreatmentsfordisease.Buttheworkhasraisedethicalconcernsaboutmakinggeneticcopiesorcloning.Cloningahumanbeingisillegalinmorethantwelvestates.Mostscientistshaverejectedit,butsomemedicalresearchersareperformingwhatiscalled“therapeuticcloning”totrytofightdisease.Stillthatmethodisbannedinsevenstates.

62.Onestatewhere“therapeuticcloning”isnotbannedisOregonthatiswhereresearchersatOregonHealth&ScienceUniversityinPortlandwereabletoputhumanDNAintomodifiedhumaneggs:thustheyproducedembryosthatweregeneticallythesameasthepeoplewhohaddonatedtheirDNA.

63.Thestemcellstakenfromtheembryoswhichcanbedevelopedintoanytissueinthebodyarecalled“mastercells”.Scientistshavealreadyknownhowtousechemicalstocausemastercellstodevelopintoanytissueinthebody.

64.Theideaisthatdoctorcouldusetissuecreatedthiswaytoreplacediseasedorgans.Thenewbodytissuewouldbeageneticallymatchofthepersonreceivingitandtherewouldbenodangerthatthepatient’sbodywouldrejectthenewtissuewhichcanhappenwithnormaltransplants.

ThescientistsbelievedthestemcellscouldgivedoctorsanewwaytotreatParkinson’sdisease—adegenerativemovementdisorder.TheybelievetheycouldusethisgeneticmaterialorDNAfromaskincellofsomeonewithParkinson’sdiseasetocreateapersonalizedtreatment.

AltaCharoisabioethicistattheUniversityofWisconsinLawSchool,shebelievesitistoosoontosay,whethertheuseofembryonicstemcellsforpersonalizedmedicinewouldbecomecommon.Scientistscouldinfactfindotherlesscontroversialsourcesofstemcells;however,shesupportstheuseofstemcellstotreatdisease.

65.Shesaid,“Ithinkthatwouldargueforusingthem.Ithinktherearemoralobligationstopeoplewhoarehereamongus,whoaresickandinneed,trans-politicalconcernsandpublicrelations,andperceptionproblemsaroundtheveryearliestfirsttwoorthreedays’worthofdevelopmentofanembryo-likeentity.”

Theresearcheronthecloningofhumanembryostoharveststemcellswaspublishedinthejournal“Cell”.

【答案】61.美國(guó)科學(xué)家首次從基因復(fù)制的人體胚胎中提取出干細(xì)胞，其目標(biāo)是為了創(chuàng)造更好的治療辦法。但這項(xiàng)成果引發(fā)了關(guān)于基因復(fù)制或克隆的倫理?yè)?dān)憂(yōu)。

62.俄勒岡州是未禁止“治療性克隆”的州之一。該州波特蘭市的俄勒岡健康與科學(xué)大學(xué)的研究人員能夠?qū)⑷祟?lèi)DNA植入經(jīng)過(guò)改良的人類(lèi)卵子中，由此制成的人類(lèi)胚胎和捐助DNA者在遺傳基因上相一致。

63.從胚胎中提取的干細(xì)胞，能夠被培育成任何人體組織，被稱(chēng)為“萬(wàn)能細(xì)胞”?？茖W(xué)家們懂得如何利用化學(xué)物質(zhì)使萬(wàn)能細(xì)胞發(fā)育成任何人體組織。

64.這種想法是醫(yī)生能夠使用這種途徑制成的人體組織來(lái)替代病變器官。這種新的人體組織和接受移植者在遺傳基因上相匹配，不會(huì)發(fā)生病人身體抗拒新組織的危險(xiǎn)，而正常移植往往會(huì)存在這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

65.我認(rèn)為利用它會(huì)引發(fā)爭(zhēng)論，我認(rèn)為，對(duì)于我們當(dāng)中的人來(lái)說(shuō)，對(duì)于那些生病和需要幫助的人，對(duì)于跨政治的關(guān)注和公共關(guān)系，以及對(duì)于胚胎樣實(shí)體最初兩三天的發(fā)展所產(chǎn)生的認(rèn)知問(wèn)題，都是有道德義務(wù)的。

5.單選題

Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（

）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.annoyance

B.offence

C.resentment

D.irritation

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)annoyance“煩惱”；B選項(xiàng)offence“冒犯”；C選項(xiàng)resentment“憤恨，怨恨”；D選項(xiàng)irritation“惱怒，生氣”。

句意：記者和攝影師都對(duì)演員在采訪(fǎng)中的粗魯行為感到非常惱火。選項(xiàng)D更符合語(yǔ)境。

6.翻譯題

1.經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)對(duì)環(huán)境有著潛在的影響，人們對(duì)此已經(jīng)有了一定的認(rèn)識(shí)。

2.要讓我們的國(guó)產(chǎn)品牌為世界更多的消費(fèi)者認(rèn)可，廣告創(chuàng)作就必須使用國(guó)際通用的語(yǔ)言。

3.有一種理論，把對(duì)目的語(yǔ)的敏感性視作語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中最重要的因素之一。

4.為了幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言，圖書(shū)館已經(jīng)決定將英語(yǔ)原版電影出租給他們。

5.心理學(xué)家們已經(jīng)做了無(wú)數(shù)次試驗(yàn)表明，在改進(jìn)人的行為方面，表?yè)P(yáng)比批評(píng)有效得多。

【答案】1.Thepotentialimpactofeconomicactivityontheenvironmenthasbeenwellunderstood.

2.Inorderforourdomesticbrandstoberecognizedbymoreconsumersintheworld,thecreationofadvertisementsmustusetheinternationallyusedlanguage.

3.Onetheoryholdsthatsensitivitytothetargetlanguageisoneofthemostimportantfactorsinlanguagelearning.

4.Tohelpstudentslearnlanguage,thelibraryhasdecidedtorentoutoriginalEnglishmoviestothem.

5.Psychologistshaveconductednumerousexperiments,showingthatpraiseisfarmoreeffectivethancriticismatimprovingpeople’sbehavior.

7.單選題

Doyouknowwhataresolutionis?it'sapromise.Mostpromisesaremade（1）otherpeople("Mom,IpromiseI’lltidymyroomwhenIgetbackfromthebeach").（2）resolutionsarepromisesthatyoumaketoyourself.AndNewyear'sresolutionsareresolutionsthatpeoplemakeatthebeginningoftheyearinthe（3）thattheywillimprovetheirlives.Somepeoplewritedowntheirresolutionstorememberthem.But（4）theresolutionisimportantenough,you（5）havetowriteitdowntorememberit.

Therearedifferentkindsofresolutions.Somerelateto（6）healthsuchasstartingaworkoutprogramor（7）theamountofjunkfoodthatyoueat.Manyhavetodowithselfimprovement,suchas（8）ahobbylivepaintingorphotography,orlearningamusicalinstrument.Thenthereareresolutionsthathavetodowithbeingbetterorganized.（9）heremightincludeusingaweeklyplannerororganizingyourschoolnotesintofolder.

Despitethesedifferences,thereisonethingthatmostresolutionshave（10）.Peoplehardlyeverkeepthem.Theresolutionsaretoodifficulttokeep.Forpeoplesimplyforget.Forthisreason,somepeoplearguethatthebestresolutionissimplynottomakeanyresolutions!

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.by

C.to

D.with

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.However

B.Nevertheless

C.Likewise

D.Incidentally

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.resolve

B.assumption

C.pledge

D.hope

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.if

C.though

D.because

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.shouldn’t

B.couldn’t

C.mustn’t

D.wouldn’t

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.normal

B.mental

C.public

D.physical

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.determining

B.increasing

C.limiting

D.retaining

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.takingup

B.givingup

C.holdingdown

D.layingdo

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.Exceptions

B.Examples

C.Samples

D.Variations

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.inconclusion

B.indiversity

C.incommon

D.infavor

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:A

第9題:B

第10題:C

【解析】第1題:考查固定搭配。makepromiseto意為“對(duì)……許下承諾”。

第2題:考查副詞辨析。however意為“然而”，表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，常作插入語(yǔ)；nevertheless意為“然而，不過(guò)”，表示盡管作出完全讓步，也不會(huì)發(fā)生任何影響；likewise意為“同樣地”；incidentally意為“順便”。

第3題:考查上下文語(yǔ)義。由后面theywillimprovetheirlive可知新年決心表達(dá)的是一種美好的愿望，一種希望，因此選D。

第4題:考查上下文語(yǔ)義。由前面的“有些人寫(xiě)下了他們的決心來(lái)記住他們”，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此填though（雖然，盡管）。

第5題:考查上下文語(yǔ)義。此處表示盡管決心很重要，但你不必一定要把它寫(xiě)下來(lái)，因此填mustn’t（不必）。

第6題:考查上下文語(yǔ)義。由suchasstartingaworkoutprogram（鍛煉計(jì)劃）or___theamountofjunkfoodthatyoueat可知與身體有關(guān)，因此填physical，physicalhealth意為“身體健康”。

第7題:考查上下文語(yǔ)義。or表示并列關(guān)系，由前面的“開(kāi)始鍛煉計(jì)劃”可知此表示“限制垃圾食品”，因此填limiting。

第8題:考查上下文語(yǔ)義。由前面Manyhavetodowithselfimprovement（許多人必須自我改進(jìn)）可推測(cè)此處表示開(kāi)始一個(gè)新的愛(ài)好，因此填takingup（開(kāi)始，從事）。

第9題:考查上下文語(yǔ)義。由后面的usingaweeklyplannerororganizingyourschoolnotesintofolder可知這里是舉例說(shuō)明，因此填examples（例子）。

第10題:考查上下文語(yǔ)義。由前面的Despitethesedifferences（盡管有這些差異），但有一個(gè)大部分決心是相同的，因此填incommon（共有的，相同的）。

8.單選題

（）thefactthathisinitialexperimentshadfailed,ProfessorWhitepersistedinhisresearch.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseof

B.Inspiteof

C.Asto

D.Inviewof

【答案】B

【解析】詞義辨析題。Becauseof因?yàn)?；Inspiteof

盡管,

雖然；Asto至于；Inviewof由于。句意：雖然事實(shí)是他最初的實(shí)驗(yàn)失敗了,

但是White教授依然堅(jiān)持他的研究。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

9.單選題

Aboutacenturyage,theSwedishphysicalscientistArrheniusproposedalawofclassicalchemistrythatrelateschemicalreactionratetotemperature.AccordingtotheArrheniusequation,chemicalreactionsareincreasinglyunlikelytooccurastemperaturesapproachabsolutezero,andatabsolutezero(zerodegreesKelvin,orminus273degreesCelsius)reactionsstop.HoweverrecentexperimentalevidencerevealsthatalthoughtheArrheniusequationisgenerallyaccurateindescribingthekindofchemicalreactionthatoccursatrelativelyhightemperatures,attemperaturesclosertozeroaquantum-mechanicaleffectknownastunnelingcomesintoplay;thiseffectaccountsforchemicalreactionsthatareforbiddenbytheprinciplesofclassicalchemistry.Specifically,entiremoleculescan*tunnel'throughthebarriersofrepulsiveforcesfromothermoleculesandchemicallyreacteventhoughthesemoleculesdonothavesufficientenergy,accordingtoclassicalchemistry,toovercometherepulsivebarrier.

Therateofanychemicalreaction,regardlessofthetemperatureatwhichittakesplace,usuallydependsonaveryimportantcharacteristicknownasitsactivationenergy.Anymoleculecanbeimaginedtoresideatthebottomofaso-calledpotentialwellofenergy.Achemicalreactioncorrespondstothetransitionofamoleculefromthebottomofonepotentialwelltothebottomofanother.Inclassicalchemistry,suchatransitioncanbeaccomplishedonlybygoingoverthepotentialbarrierbetweenthewells,theheightofwhichremainsconstantandiscalledtheactivationenergyofthereaction.Intunneling,thereactingmoleculestunnelfromthebottomofonetothebottomofanotherwellwithouthavingtoriseeverthebarrierbetweenthetwowells.Recentlyresearchershavedevelopedtheconceptoftunnelingtemperature:thetemperaturebelowwhichtunnelfromthebottomofonetothebottomofanotherwellwithouthavingtoriseovermebarrierbetweenthetwowellsRecentlyresearchershavedevelopedtheconceptoftunnelingtemperature(刪除)thetemperaturebelowwhichtunnelingtransitionsgreatlyoutnumberArrheniustransitions,andclassicalmechanicsgiveswaytoitsquantumcounterpart.

Thistunnelingphenomenonatverylowtemperaturessuggestedmyhypothesisaboutacoldprehistoryoflife:theformationofrathercomplexorganicmoleculesinthedeepcoldofouterspace,wheretemperaturesusuallyreachonlyafewdegreesKelvinCosmicrays(high-energypro-tonsandotherparticles)mighttriggerthesynthesisofsimplemolecules,suchasinterstellarformaldehyde,indarkcloudsofinterstellardust.Afterwardcomplexorganicmoleculeswouldbeformed,slowlybutsurely,bymeansoftunneling.AfterIofferedmyhypothesis,HoyleandWickramasinghearguedthatmoleculesofinterstellarform-aldehydehaveindeedevolvedintostablepolysaccharidessuchascelluloseandstarch.Theirconclusions,althoughstronglydisputed,havegeneratedexcitementamonginvestigatorssuchasmyselfwhoareproposingthatthegalacticcloudsaretheplaceswheretheprebiologicalevolutionofcompoundsnecessarytolifeoccurred.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassageclassicalchemicalreactionsandtunnelingreactionsarealikeinwhichofthefollowingways?

3.AccordingtotheArrheniusequationasdiscussedinthepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutchemicalreactionsistrue?

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthetheoryofacoldpre-historyoflifecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

5.Theauthor’shypothesisconcerningbecoldprehistoryoflifewouldbemostweakenedifwhichofthefollowingweretrue?

6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthehypothesisofHoyleandWickramasingheasitispresentedinthepassage?

7.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirsttwoparagraphsofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.describinghowtheprinciplesofclassicalchemistryweredeveloped

B.initiatingadebateaboutthekindsofchemicalreactionsrequiredforthedevelopmentoflife

C.explaininghowcurrentresearchinchemistrymayberelatedtobroaderbiologicalconcerns

D.reconcilingopposingtheoriesaboutchemicalreactions

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Inbothtypesofreactions,reactingmoleculeshavetoriseoverthebarrierbetweenthetwowells.

B.Inbothtypesofreactions,atransitionismadefromthebottomofonepotentialwelltothebottomofanother.

C.Inneithertypeofreactiondoestheheightofthebarrierbetweenthewellsremainconstant

D.Inneithertypeofreactiondoestherateofachemicalreactiondependonitsactivationenergy

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Chemicalreactionsarelesslikelytooccurattemperaturesclosetoabsolutezero.

B.Insomecasestherateofachemicalreactionisrelatedtotemperatureandinothercasesitisnot.

C.Chemicalreactionsfrequentlyoccuratafewdegreesaboveabsolutezero,buttheyareveryunpredictable.

D.Therateofachemicalreactiondependsonmanyotherfactorsbesidestemperature.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.neutral

B.skeptical

C.mildlypositive

D.verysupportive

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Cosmicraysareunlikelytotriggertheformationofsimplemolecules.

B.TunnelingoccursonlyinanarrowbandoftemperaturesaroundzerodegreesKelvin.

C.Thesynthesisofinterstellarformaldehydecanbeactivatedbymeansotherthancosmicrays.

D.Simplemoleculescanbesynthesizedbymeansoftunneling.

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.Cosmicrayscandirectlysynthesizecomplexorganicmolecules.

B.Thegalacticcloudsaretheplaceswhereprebiologicalevolutionofcompoundsnecessarytolifeoccurred.

C.Interstellarformaldehydecanbesynthesizedbytunneling.

D.Moleculesofinterstellarformaldehydecanevolveintocomplexorganicmolecules.

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.Theauthorcitesabasicprincipleofclassicalchemistryandthendescribestheresearchfromwhichthatprinciplewasdeveloped.

B.Theauthorcitesanapparentcontradictiontotheprinciplesofclassicalchemistryandthenexplainstheprocessofachemicalreactiontoshowthereisinfactnocontradiction.

C.Theauthordescribestheroleofheatinchemicalreactionsandthenoffersadetailedexplanationofitsfunction.

D.Theauthorpresentsalawofclassicalchemistryinordertointroduceakindofchemicalreactionthatdiffersfromitandthenexplainstheessentialdifferencebetweenthetwo.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:D

【解析】1.最后一段基本上都是談與生化的關(guān)系：極低溫時(shí)的貫穿勢(shì)壘現(xiàn)象證明我對(duì)寒冷的史前生命的假說(shuō)：在外層空間極其寒冷處，溫度一般只有幾度時(shí)，有相當(dāng)復(fù)雜的有機(jī)分子形成。宇宙射線(xiàn)可能激發(fā)諸如星際甲醛單分子在星際塵埃的烏云中綜合。以后，復(fù)雜的有機(jī)分子，慢慢的，但穩(wěn)定的通過(guò)貫穿勢(shì)壘的方式形成。后又有兩位化學(xué)家提出“星際甲醛分子確實(shí)進(jìn)化為類(lèi)似纖維素和淀粉等多糖酶?！麄兊慕Y(jié)論雖有爭(zhēng)議，卻實(shí)在令人振奮，特別是文章之作者，因?yàn)樗岢觥熬薮蟮脑茐K這些地方，發(fā)生過(guò)生命所必須的前生物進(jìn)化化合物?！彼訡選項(xiàng)‘說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在化學(xué)研究如何能和更廣泛的生物學(xué)領(lǐng)域有關(guān)’正確。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段Achemicalreactioncorrespondstothetransitionofamoleculefromthebottomofonepotentialwelltothebottomofanother.Inclassicalchemistry,suchatransitioncanbeaccomplishedonlybygoingoverthepotentialbarrierbetweenthewells,theheightofwhichremainsconstantandiscalledtheactivationenergyofthereaction.Intunneling,thereactingmoleculestunnelfromthebottomofonetothebottomofanotherwellwithouthavingtoriseeverthebarrierbetweenthetwowells.：化學(xué)反應(yīng)跟分子從一個(gè)勢(shì)阱的底部到另一個(gè)勢(shì)阱的底部的躍遷相類(lèi)似。在經(jīng)典化學(xué)中，這種躍遷只有跨過(guò)兩阱之間勢(shì)壘才能完成。位壘的高度為常數(shù)（固定不變）。這種躍遷叫做能量活化。在貫穿勢(shì)壘效應(yīng)中作反應(yīng)的分子從一個(gè)勢(shì)阱的底部通到另一個(gè)勢(shì)阱底部不需要上升跨越兩阱之間的位壘。確定B選項(xiàng)‘兩類(lèi)反應(yīng)中，都有一個(gè)從一個(gè)勢(shì)阱底部到另一個(gè)勢(shì)阱底部的躍遷’符合題意。A選項(xiàng)‘兩類(lèi)反應(yīng)中，反應(yīng)中的分子都需跨越兩阱間的欄柵’、C選項(xiàng)‘兩類(lèi)反應(yīng)中，反應(yīng)中的分子都能穿過(guò)兩阱之間的位壘’和D選項(xiàng)‘兩類(lèi)反應(yīng)中，沒(méi)有一種化學(xué)反應(yīng)的速率取決于能量活化都不符合原文。

3.根據(jù)文章第一段：AccordingtotheArrheniusequation,chemicalreactionsareincreasinglyunlikelytooccurastemperaturesapproachabsolutezero,andatabsolutezeroreactionsstop.根據(jù)阿侖尼烏斯方程，當(dāng)溫度接近零度時(shí)，化學(xué)反應(yīng)不大可能發(fā)生，并且在絕對(duì)零度時(shí)，化學(xué)反應(yīng)已經(jīng)停止。確定A選項(xiàng)‘當(dāng)溫度接近絕對(duì)零度時(shí)，化學(xué)反應(yīng)不可能發(fā)生’正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段：極低溫時(shí)的貫穿勢(shì)壘現(xiàn)象證明我對(duì)寒冷的史前生命的假說(shuō)，…..后又有兩位化學(xué)家提出“星際甲醛分子確實(shí)進(jìn)化為類(lèi)似纖維素和淀粉等多糖酶。他們的結(jié)論雖有爭(zhēng)議，卻實(shí)在令人振奮，特別是文章之作者，因?yàn)樗岢觥熬薮蟮脑茐K這些地方，發(fā)生過(guò)生命所必須的前生物進(jìn)化化合物。因?yàn)樽C實(shí)了作者之假設(shè)。由此推斷C選項(xiàng)‘有點(diǎn)肯定’正確。

5.根據(jù)文章最后一段：Thistunnelingphenomenonatverylowtemperaturessuggestedmyhypothesisaboutacoldprehistoryoflife:theformationofrathercomplexorganicmoleculesinthedeepcoldofouterspace,wheretemperaturesusuallyreachonlyafewdegreesKelvinCosmicrays（high-energypro-tonsandotherparticles）mighttriggerthesynthesisofsimplemolecules,suchasinterstellarformaldehyde,indarkcloudsofinterstellardust.極低溫時(shí)的貫穿勢(shì)壘現(xiàn)象證明我對(duì)寒冷的史前生命的假說(shuō)：在外層空間極其寒冷處，溫度一般只有幾度時(shí)，有相當(dāng)復(fù)雜的有機(jī)分子形成。宇宙射線(xiàn)可能激發(fā)諸如星際甲醛單分子在星際塵埃的烏云中綜合。推斷A選項(xiàng)‘宇宙射線(xiàn)不大可能導(dǎo)致簡(jiǎn)單分子的形成’符合題意。。B選項(xiàng)‘隧道效應(yīng)只出現(xiàn)在溫度較窄范圍之內(nèi)，相當(dāng)于凱氏溫度的零度’、C選項(xiàng)‘激發(fā)星際甲醛單分子的綜合的方式不同于宇宙射線(xiàn)’和D選項(xiàng)‘通過(guò)隧道效應(yīng)就能激發(fā)簡(jiǎn)單分子的綜合’不符合原文。

6.由第27題C選項(xiàng)‘說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在化學(xué)研究如何能和更廣泛的生物學(xué)領(lǐng)域有關(guān)’正確，確定本題D選項(xiàng)‘星際甲醛分子可以進(jìn)化到復(fù)雜的有機(jī)分子’正確。A選項(xiàng)‘宇宙射線(xiàn)可以直接綜合復(fù)雜的有機(jī)分子’、B選項(xiàng)‘大塊云團(tuán)是生命所需復(fù)合物前生物進(jìn)化發(fā)生的地方‘和C選項(xiàng)‘星際甲醛分子可以通過(guò)貫穿勢(shì)壘方式加以綜合’不符合原文，排除。

7.本文作者先引出阿侖尼烏斯方程所提出的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，接下來(lái)通過(guò)舉例對(duì)比，對(duì)其解釋說(shuō)明。所以D選項(xiàng)‘作者先提出一種經(jīng)典化學(xué)法規(guī)，是為了介紹另一種與之完全不同的化學(xué)法規(guī)，然后再比較這兩者的本質(zhì)區(qū)別’正確。A選項(xiàng)‘作者引用一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的化學(xué)的基本原理，然描述從這一原理的發(fā)展中所獲得的研究成果’、B選項(xiàng)‘作者引用一個(gè)與傳統(tǒng)化學(xué)原理明顯矛盾的例子，然后解釋化學(xué)反應(yīng)的過(guò)程，進(jìn)而說(shuō)明事實(shí)上，其與傳統(tǒng)化學(xué)原理并不矛盾’和C選項(xiàng)‘作者描述了化學(xué)反應(yīng)過(guò)程中熱度的作且，緊接著給出其作用的詳細(xì)解釋’與原文不符，排除。

10.單選題

AndrewCarnegie,Americanindustrialistandphilanthropist,madeafortunebymanufacturingironandsteelprotectedbycustomtariff.In1873,ononeofhisfrequenttripstoEngland,hemetHenryBessemerandbecameconvincedthattheindustrialfuturelayinsteel.HebuilttheJ.EdgarThomsonsteelMillspearPittsburgh,andfromthatmomenton,theCarnegieEmpirewasoneofconstantexpansion.Lateron,theCarnegieSteelCo.becameanimmenseorganization.ItincludedalltheprocessofsteelproductionfromthegreatfurnacesandfinishingmillsofPittsburghtotheinroadsandlakesteamersthatmovetheoresandthefinishproducts.

Likehisgrandfather,AndrewCarnegiedidnotabandontheradicalidealismofhisforebearsforthebenefitoftheworkingclass.InspiteofhisespousalofHerbertSpencerphilosophyandthesocialDarwinismoftheperiod,CarnegieremaineddeeplycommittedtomanyoftheChartistsidealsofhisboyhood.Hebelievedinthesocialresponsibilityofthemanofwealthtosociety.Hemustsaveasastewardforthefortune;hehasearnedandusedthatfortunetoprovidegreatopportunityforallandtoincreaseman’sknowledgeofhimselfandofhisuniverse.Furthermore,Carnegiebeintheformoffreecharitybutrathermustbeasabuttresstothecommunity’sresponsibilityforitsownpeople.WhenCarnegiediedinLenox,Mass,onAugust11,1919,mostofhisfortunewasalreadygone.PeoplewonderthatifCarnegiehadknownthiswhenhewasalive,hewouldhavespreadmostofhiswealthtothepoorpeople.

1.Carnegiewasabletodevelophisvastindustrialfortunes（

）.

2.Carnegiefollowinghisancestor’sfootsteps（

）.

3.TheindustryCarnegiewasnotconcernedwithwas（

）.

4.Carnegie’stripstoEngland（

）.

5.Whichhappenedfirst?

6.AndrewCarnegie’sPhilanthropicideals（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.withtheactoffiveenterprisesystem

B.throughlargeloansfromtheAmericangovernment

C.becausetheAmericangovernmenthadspecialtariffstoprotecttheAmericansteelandironindustry

D.becausehehadrelativesintheEnglishandindustry

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.bydevelopingalargeindustrialcompany

B.incaringforandimprovingbenefitsfortheworkerandthepoor

C.byfurtheringSpencer’sphilosophy

D.bybeingafollowerofsocialDarwinism

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.themanufacturingofsteel

B.thetransportingofthefinishedproduct

C.themovementofrawmaterials

D.thelumberbusiness

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.werepurelyforpleasureandvisitingrelatives

B.introducedhimtotheCharitistidealswhichwouldinfluencehislife

C.helpedhimgainsteelcontractswithBritishindustrialists

D.ledhimtobelievethattheindustrialfuturewouldbewithsteel

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThefoundationoftheCarnegieSteel