考研考博-英語-成都工貿(mào)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-成都工貿(mào)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

Handinhandwiththerecentspectacularadvancesinradiotechnology,therehasbeenadramaticincreaseinthescientificandpublicrespectabilityoftheentiresubjectofextraterrestriallife.AclearsignofthenewattitudeistheVikingmissionstoMarswhicharetoasignificantextentdedicatedtothesearchforlifeonanotherplanet.Butalongwiththeburgeoningdedicationtoaserioussearch,aslightlynegativenotehasemergedwhichisneverthelessveryinteresting.Afewscientistshavelatelyaskedacuriousquestion:ifextraterrestrialintelligenceisabundantwhyhavewenotalreadyseenitsmanifestations?Thinkoftheadvancesbyourowntechnologicalcivilizationinthepasttenthousandyearsandimaginesuchadvancescontinuedovermillionsorbillionsofyearsmore.Ifonlyatinyfractionofadvancedcivilizationsaremillionsorbillionsofyearsmoreadvancedthanours,whyhavetheynotproducedartifactsdevicesorevenindustrialpollutionofsuchmagnitudethatwewouldhavedetectedit?

【答案】隨著無線電技術(shù)的突飛猛進(jìn)，科學(xué)界和公眾對外太空生物這一個課題的認(rèn)識有了極大的提高。這種新態(tài)度明顯的標(biāo)志事件就是向火星發(fā)射“海盜”號火星探測器。這些發(fā)射在很大程度上是致力于去尋找其他星球上的生物。但是隨著對這項研究的不斷投入，出現(xiàn)了一些帶否定意味但是很有趣的聲音。近來少數(shù)科學(xué)家提出了一個奇怪的疑問：如果外太空生物多的話為什么我們沒有看到任何相關(guān)跡象？想想我們在過去一萬年里科技文明的進(jìn)步。再設(shè)想一下，這些進(jìn)步將持續(xù)數(shù)百萬甚至十億年的時間。如果有某個地方的文明比我們的文明先進(jìn)數(shù)百萬年或者數(shù)十億年，他們?yōu)槭裁床荒苌a(chǎn)出一些物件，器械裝置和我們本應(yīng)該檢測到的大量的工業(yè)污染？

2.單選題

Hisargumentdoesnotsuggestthatmankindcan（）tobewastefulintheutilizationoftheseresources.

問題1選項

A.resort

B.grant

C.afford

D.entitle

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他的論據(jù)未標(biāo)明，人類在這些資源的使用上能浪費(fèi)得起。

考查動詞辨析。resort常去，求助，訴諸，resortto依靠，求助于；;grant授予，允許，承認(rèn)，grantto同意給予，準(zhǔn)予；afford給予，提供，承擔(dān)得起;affordto（有條件）做，承擔(dān)得起，負(fù)擔(dān)得起；entitle給……稱號，使……有權(quán)利。因此C符合句意。

3.不定項選擇題

Somepeoplesaythatthestudyofliberalartsisauselessluxurywecannotaffordinhardtimes.Students,theyargue,whodonotdevelopsalablekillswillfinditdifficulttolandajobupongraduation.Butthereisaprobleminspeakingof“salableskills”.Whatskillsaresalable?Rightnow,skillsformakingautomobilesarenothighlysalable,buttheyhavebeenfordecadesandmightbeagain.Skillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates.What’smore,ifonewantstobuildacurriculumexclusivelyonwhatissalable,onewillhavetomakethecoursesveryshortandchangethemveryoften,inordertokeepupwiththerapidchangesinthejobmarket.Butwillnottheeffortbeinvain?Inveryfewthingscanwebesureoffuturesalability,andinasocietywherepeoplearefreetostudywhattheywant,andworkwheretheywant,andinvestastheywant,thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord.

Aschoolthatdevotesitselftotallytosalableskills,especiallyinatimeofhighunemployment,sendingyoungmenandwomenintotheworldarmedwithonlyanarrowrangeofskills,isalsosendinglambsintothelion’sden.Ifthosepeoplegainnothingmorefromtheirstudiesthansupposedlysalableskills,andcan’tmakethesalebecauseofchangesinthejobmarket,theyhavebeencheated.Butifthoseskillsweremorethansalable,ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated.Theywillfindsomekindofjobsoonenough.Flexibility,andabilitytochangeandlearnnewthings,isavaluableskill.Peoplewhohavelearnedhowtolearncanlearnoutsideofschool.Thatiswheremostofushavelearnedtodowhatwedo,notinschool.Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills.

1.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheauthorisfavorof（）.

2.Theword“fluctuate”(Line5,Para.1)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whoofthefollowingismorelikelytogetajobintimesofhighunemployment?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,indevelopingacurriculumschoolshould（）.

5.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（）.

問題1選項

A.teachingpracticalskillthatcanbesoldinthecurrentjobmarket

B.aflexiblecurriculumthatchangeswiththetimes

C.aliberaleducation

D.keepingabalancebetweenthesupplyanddemandinthelabormarket

問題2選項

A.remainsteady

B.changeinanirregularway

C.followasetpattern

D.becomeworseandworse

問題3選項

A.Apersonwiththeabilitytolearnbyhimself.

B.Aconstructionworkers.

C.Acarrepairman.

D.Apersonwithquiteafewsalableskills.

問題4選項

A.predictthesalabilityofskillsinthefuturejobmarket

B.takethecurrentjobmarketintoconsideration

C.considerwhatskillsaresalable

D.focusontheabilitytoadapttochanges

問題5選項

A.liberalartseducationisbeingchallengednow

B.schoolsthatteachpracticalskillsfarebetterduringhardtimes

C.extracurricularactivitiesaremoreimportantthanclassroomlearning

D.manystudentsfeelcheatedbytheeducationalsystem

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到文章最后一段第三句“…ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated”，如果學(xué)習(xí)能讓他們更好地了解周圍的世界，更能適應(yīng)不斷變化的世界，那么他們就沒有被欺騙。這說明作者贊同讓學(xué)生能了解周圍世界、適應(yīng)世界變化的通識教育。A選項“teachingpracticalskillthatcanbesoldinthecurrentjobmarket”意為“教授能在當(dāng)前就業(yè)市場上出售的實用技能”，由原文可知，作者認(rèn)為就業(yè)市場是不斷變化的，把年輕男女輸送到只有有限技能的世界，是在把羔羊送入虎穴，所以作者是不贊同的；B選項“aflexiblecurriculumthatchangeswiththetimes”意為“隨時代變化的靈活課程”，作者對于這種課程的態(tài)度是“Butwillnottheeffortbeinvain?”但這種努力不會是徒勞的嗎？所以作者是不贊同的；C選項“aliberaleducation”意為“通識教育”，與原文相符；D選項“keepingabalancebetweenthesupplyanddemandinthelabormarket”意為“保持勞動力市場供求平衡”，原文“thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord”我們不可能使勞動力的供求完全一致，所以作者是不贊同的。因此C選項符合題意。

第2題:語義推測題。由fluctuate定位到文章第一段第六句“Skillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates”，隨著就業(yè)市場的波動，技能是可售性變化的另一個例子。并且由后文可知，therapidchangesinthejobmarket就業(yè)市場是快速變化的。A選項“remainsteady”，意為“保持穩(wěn)定”，與原文不符；B選項“changeinanirregularway”意為“不規(guī)則的變化”，與原文相符；C選項“followasetpattern”意為“遵循固定模式”，原文并未提及就業(yè)市場的變化有固定的模式；D選項“becomeworseandworse”意為“變得越來越糟”，原文只是指變化但沒有說是往糟糕的方向發(fā)展。因此B選項符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。由highunemployment定位到文章第二段。文章第二段提到現(xiàn)在是個高失業(yè)率的時代，首先從反面舉例如果只學(xué)會少數(shù)技能就進(jìn)入社會等于羊入虎穴，接著又說到學(xué)習(xí)理解和適應(yīng)這個改變的世界能更快找到工作，最后總結(jié)道“Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills”學(xué)會學(xué)習(xí)是最高的不受限制的技能之一，因此有自學(xué)能力的更容易找到工作。A選項“Apersonwiththeabilitytolearnbyhimself”意為“有自學(xué)能力的人”，符合原文；B選項“Aconstructionworkers”意為“一位建筑工人”，C選項“Acarrepairman”意為“一位汽車修理工”和D選項“Apersonwithquiteafewsalableskills”意為“一個有相當(dāng)多的銷售技巧的人”，都只是掌握了少數(shù)技能，但不是自學(xué)的能力。因此A選項符合題意。

第4題:判斷推理題。由developingacurriculumschool定位到文章第一段第七句“What’smore,ifonewantstobuildacurriculumexclusively…inordertokeepupwiththerapidchangesinthejobmarket”即發(fā)展課程就必須使課程非常短，并經(jīng)常更換它們，以跟上就業(yè)市場的快速變化。由此可推測，現(xiàn)代課程的著重點在于適應(yīng)變化的能力。A選項“predictthesalabilityofskillsinthefuturejobmarket”意為“預(yù)測技能在未來就業(yè)市場的銷路”，原文未提及預(yù)測技能的銷路，是強(qiáng)調(diào)就業(yè)市場是不斷變化的，要去適應(yīng)這種變化；B選項“takethecurrentjobmarketintoconsideration”意為“把當(dāng)前的就業(yè)市場也考慮進(jìn)去”，就業(yè)市場是一直變化的，所以重點是適應(yīng)變化；C選項“considerwhatskillsaresalable”意為“考慮哪些技能是可以銷售的”，可銷售的技能是需要不斷更換的，所以不是課程的重點；D選項“focusontheabilitytoadapttochanges”意為“關(guān)注適應(yīng)變化的能力”，符合原文。因此D選項符合題意。

第5題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合選項和題干可知，本題需逐個分析各個選項。A選項“l(fā)iberalartseducationisbeingchallengednow”意為“通識教育現(xiàn)在正受到挑戰(zhàn)”，與原文相符；B選項“schoolsthatteachpracticalskillsfarebetterduringhardtimes”意為“在不景氣的時候，教授實用技能的學(xué)校表現(xiàn)更好”，與原文相反，學(xué)會有限技能的人進(jìn)入社會只是羊入虎口，所以最關(guān)鍵的技能是自學(xué)能力；C選項“extracurricularactivitiesaremoreimportantthanclassroomlearning”意為“課外活動比課堂學(xué)習(xí)更重要”，原文是指有自學(xué)能力的人在校外也能繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，但并沒有說課外活動就比課堂學(xué)習(xí)更重要；D選項“manystudentsfeelcheatedbytheeducationalsystem”意為“許多學(xué)生覺得教育制度欺騙了他們”，原文是如果他們獲得的只是銷售技能，不能隨就業(yè)市場的變化而變化，那么他們就是受騙了，但這不是學(xué)生的想法，是作者的觀點。因此A選項符合題意。

4.單選題

Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestion,itwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother,isdistinguishedfromcompetition,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisinadequatesupply.Competitorsmayawareofoneanother,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperation,theprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflictisnotconflict,nevertheless,isverylikelytooccur,andisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.

Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarformthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,howeverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict.Socialanimals,suchasmonkeysandcattle,fighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfights,butinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimal.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwar,butratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobs,markets,andmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.

Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresources,trades,skills,andasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothers,andthusleadtoconflict,itcannotbesaidthatwar-1ikeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesthedefinitionsofsometermsinorderto（

）.

2.Accordingtheauthor,competitiondiffersfromconflictinthat

（

）.

3.Thephrase“functioninthedisserviceofoneanother”(Line7,Para.1)mostprobablymeans（

）.

4.Thepassageisprobablyintendedtoanswerthequestion“（

）".

問題1選項

A.argueforthesimilaritiesbetweenanimalsocietiesandhumansocieties

B.smoothouttheconflictsinhumansocieties

C.distinguishbetweentwokindsofopposition

D.summarizethatcharacteristicfeaturesofcooperation

問題2選項

A.itresultsinwarinmostcases

B.itinduceseffortstoexpandterritory

C.itisakindofoppositionamongsocialentities

D.itisessentiallyastruggleforexistence

問題3選項

A.betrayeachother

B.harmoneanother

C.helptocollaboratewitheachother

D.benefitoneanother

問題4選項

A.Iswarinevitable?

B.Whyisthereconflictandcompetition?

C.Isconflictdesirable?

D.Cancompetitionleadtoconflict?

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問的是“在第一段中，作者給一些術(shù)語下了定義，目的是……”。文章第一段提到“這些定義是有必要的，因為必須強(qiáng)調(diào)在一個資源有限的世界中，個人或團(tuán)體之間的競爭是不可避免的，但是此沖突不是彼沖突”（Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflictisnotconflict），由此可以看出作者是為了區(qū)分兩種“沖突”，選項C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在作者看來，競爭與沖突的區(qū)別在于……”。文章第二段第一、二句提到“很多作者認(rèn)為戰(zhàn)爭是不可避免的，其前提是在動物物種的斗爭中，只有適者生存。一般來說，這種斗爭在本質(zhì)上是競爭，而不是沖突”（Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarformthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,howeverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict），因此選項D“它本質(zhì)是為了生存斗爭”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“短語functioninthedisserviceofeachother的意思是……”。該短語與后文的functionintheserviceofoneanother相對應(yīng)，意思與之相反，選項B符合題意。

4.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章可能主要是為了回答……這個問題”。文章第一句話提到戰(zhàn)爭是不可避免這個問題得到世界上很多偉大作家的關(guān)注（Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters）；文章最后一句話提到國家之間像戰(zhàn)爭一樣的沖突不可避免，但是競爭是不可避免的（itcannotbesaidthatwar-1ikeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis），可知全文都是在圍繞著“戰(zhàn)爭能否避免”這話題展開，選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon“persuasivesalesmanship”tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.

Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseyeontheconsumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthatinsteadoftryingtosellwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresale,themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase.

Thisconceptdoesnotsimplythatbusinessisbenevolent(慈善的)orthatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinesstransaction—thefirmandthecustomer—andeachmustbesatisfiesbeforetradeoccurs.Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomers.Astrikingexampleoftheimportanceofcateringtheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid1985,whenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrink.Thenon-acceptanceofthenewflavorbyasignificantportionofthepublicbroughtaboutapromptrestorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedalongsidethenewKingCustomerruled!

46.Themarketingconceptdiscussedinthepassageis,inessence,___.

47.Whatwasthemainconcernofindustrialistsbeforethemarketingconceptwaswidelyaccepted?

48.Accordingtothepassage,“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”(Para.1)means___.

49.WhatdoestherestorationoftheClassicCokebestillustrate?

50.Indiscussingthemarketingconcept,theauthorfocuseson___.

問題1選項

A.thepracticeofturninggoodsintomoney

B.makinggoodsavailableforpurchase

C.thecustomer-centeredapproach

D.aformofpersuasivesalesmanship

問題2選項

A.Theneedsofthemarket.

B.Theefficiencyofproduction.

C.Thesatisfactionoftheuser.

D.Thepreferencesofthedealer.

問題3選項

A.tosellthelargestpossibleamountofgoods

B.totransportgoodsasefficientlyaspossible

C.todisposeofthesegoodsinlargequantities

D.toredesignthesegoodsforlargescaleproduction

問題4選項

A.Traditionalgoodshaveastrongerappealtothemajorityofpeople.

B.Ittakestimeforanewproducttobeacceptedbythepublic.

C.Consumerswithconservativetastesareoftendifficulttoplease.

D.Productsmustbedesignedtosuitthetasteoftheconsumer.

問題5選項

A.itsmaincharacteristic

B.itssocialimpact

C.itspossibleconsequence

D.itstheoreticalbasis

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】46.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseyeontheconsumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept（市場營銷注重顧客的需求。它首先分析顧客的喜好和需求，然后再生產(chǎn)出他們滿意的商品。這種著眼于顧客的銷售方式就是人們所說的市場營銷），說明市場營銷是以顧客為中心的銷售方式。選C選項“一種以客戶為中心的方法”。A選項“把產(chǎn)品變成金錢的一種做法”和D選項“銷售人員說服勸導(dǎo)的一種方式”是傳統(tǒng)銷售的方式，排除；B選項“根據(jù)人們的購買需求生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品”，由原文可知，這只是市場營銷的一個步驟，而不是其本質(zhì)，錯誤。因此C選項正確。

47.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文首段Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon“persuasivesalesmanship”tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.（就在幾年前，大多數(shù)行業(yè)主要專注于產(chǎn)品的高效生產(chǎn)，然后依靠“有說服力的銷售技巧”來盡可能多地銷售這些產(chǎn)品）可知，市場營銷這一概念被普遍采用之前，企業(yè)家們主要關(guān)心的是生產(chǎn)效率，選B選項“生產(chǎn)效率”；A選項“市場需求”，C選項“用戶的滿意度”以及D選項“經(jīng)銷商的偏好”都不符合原文給出的信息。因此B選項正確。

48.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”可以定位到文章第一段第二句Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon“persuasivesalesmanship”tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.（就在幾年前，大多數(shù)行業(yè)主要專注于產(chǎn)品的高效生產(chǎn)，然后依靠“有說服力的銷售技巧”來盡可能多地銷售這些產(chǎn)品。），說明“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”在文中是指“盡可能多地銷售產(chǎn)品”的意思，選A選項“盡可能多地銷售產(chǎn)品”；B選項“盡可能高效地運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)品”，C選項“大批量地處理這些產(chǎn)品”，D選項“重新設(shè)計這些產(chǎn)品以便可以大規(guī)模制造”均不符合題意。因此A選項正確。

49.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第三句Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomers.（然而，成功的商人和生產(chǎn)者認(rèn)識到，最可靠的盈利途徑是通過了解和迎合消費(fèi)者。），接著舉了可口可樂公司重新恢復(fù)經(jīng)典口味可樂的例子，說明恢復(fù)經(jīng)典配方是為了迎合顧客的口味，選D選項“商品的設(shè)計應(yīng)該貼合消費(fèi)者的口味”；A選項“傳統(tǒng)型產(chǎn)品對于大多數(shù)人來說有著更強(qiáng)的吸引力”，B選項“一種新的產(chǎn)品為公眾所接受是需要時間的”，C選項“那些口味保守的消費(fèi)者最難取悅”在文中均沒有提及。因此D選項正確。

50.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文可知，作者旨在向讀者介紹市場營銷這一概念的基本特征，即根據(jù)顧客的需求組織生產(chǎn)，并通過講述可口可樂公司恢復(fù)原配方這一讓人印象深刻的例子強(qiáng)化了讀者對其基本特征的了解，選A選項“其主要特點”；B選項“其社會影響”，C選項“其可能帶來的后果”，D選項“其理論基礎(chǔ)”在文中均沒有提及。因此A選項符合題意。

6.單選題

AsforAnn,Iamnotsureabouther（）inItalian.

問題1選項

A.fluency

B.clarity

C.coherence

D.excellency

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項fluency“（語言，文章）流利”；B選項clarity“清晰，清楚”；C選項coherence“一致，連貫性”；D選項excellency“優(yōu)點，美德”。句意：至于安，我不確定她的意大利語是否流利。選項A符合語境。

7.單選題

Itisusefultobeabletopredicttheextent（）whichapricechangewillaffectsupplydemand.

問題1選項

A.from

B.to

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

考查短語搭配。Which指先行詞theextent，空格處詞語應(yīng)與theextent相搭配，構(gòu)成to……extent。B選項正確。

8.單選題

Someoftheideasareverysimpleandsoundintuitivelyplausible.Theunderlinedpartmeans（）.

問題1選項

A.directly

B.reasonably

C.frankly

D.instinctively

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項directly“直接地；立即；馬上”；B選項reasonably“合理地；相當(dāng)?shù)兀贿m度地”；C選項frankly“坦率地；老實說”；D選項instinctively“本能地”。intuitively意為“直觀地；直覺地”，D選項的意思最為接近。句意：有些想法非常簡單，聽起來覺得很有道理。

9.單選題

Well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?EverywhereyougoinAmerica,youheartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheypresidingoverisforreal.

Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,productivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1997.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageduringthepreviousdecade.Andsince2001,productivityhasincreasedby2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe1988-1997average.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.Thereis,asthetreasurysecretarysays,a“disjunction”betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.

Someofthiscanbeeasilyexplained.Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy,whichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentineducationandtraining.Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.

Twootherexplanationsaremorespeculative.First,someofthebusinessrestructuringofrecentyearsmayhavebeenineptlydone.Second,evenifitwaswelldone,itmayhavespreadmuchlesswidelythanpeoplesuppose.

LeonardSchlesinger,aHarvardacademicandformerchiefexecutiveofAuBonPain,arapidlygrowingchainofbakerycafes,saysthatmuch“re-engineering”hasbeencrude.Inmanycases,liebelieves,thelossofrevenuehasbeengreaterthanthereductionsincost.Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish—“theworstsortofambulance-chasing.”

81.Accordingtotheauthor,theAmericaneconomicsituationis（）.

82.Theofficialstatisticsonproductivitygrowth（）.

83.Theauthorraisesthequestion“Whataboutpainwithoutgain?”because（）.

84.Whatdoestheword“blunter”(para.5,line6)mean?

85.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.notasgoodasitseems

B.atitsturningpoint

C.muchbetterthanitseems

D.neartocompleterecovery

問題2選項

A.excludetheusualreboundinabusinesscycle

B.fallshortofbusinessmen’santicipation

C.meettheexpectationofbusinesspeople

D.failtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy

問題3選項

A.hequestionsthetruthof“nogainwithoutpain”

B.hedoesnotthinktheproductivityrevolutionworks

C.hewondersiftheofficialstatisticsaremisleading

D.liehasconclusiveevidencefortherevivalofbusinesses

問題4選項

A.reasonable

B.disturbed

C.moreinsensible

D.franker

問題5選項

A.Radicalreformsareessentialfortheincreaseofproductivity.

B.Newwaysoforganizingworkplacesmayhelpincreaseproductivity.

C.Thereductionofcostsisnotasurewaytogainlong-termprofitability.

D.Openingupnewmarketsmayincreasethecompanies’profitability.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段“Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.”中文翻譯為：官方的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字有點令人氣餒。故選A“沒有看上去那么好”。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段“Thereis,asthetreasurysecretarysays,a‘disjunction’betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.”中文翻譯：正如財政部長說的，生產(chǎn)力發(fā)生飛躍的商業(yè)傳奇與統(tǒng)計數(shù)字所反映的情況之間存在著一種“脫節(jié)”?？芍罴汛鸢笧锽選項“低于商人的預(yù)期”。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段“Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheypresidingoverisforreal.”中文翻譯：商人們認(rèn)為自己主持著生產(chǎn)力革命，但是要確定是否確有其事卻更加困難，以及尾段“BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish.”中文翻譯為：BBDO公司的艾倫?羅森希納更加直率。他把許多重組咨詢專家所做的工作視為垃圾?？梢酝茢喑龃鸢高x擇B“他認(rèn)為生產(chǎn)力革命并未奏效”。

4.【試題解析】詞匯題。A:reasonable“合理的，公道的”；B:disturbed“打擾的：心煩意亂的”；C:moreinsensible“更無動于衷的”；D:franker“更直率的”。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第五段“BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish.”中文翻譯為：BBDO公司的艾倫?羅森希納更加直率。他把許多重組咨詢專家所做的工作視為垃圾，推測出blunter有“更直率的”含義，故選D。

5.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)B選項“組織工作場所的新方法可以幫助提高生產(chǎn)力”可以定位到原文第三段“Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy.”中文翻譯為：組織工作場所的新方法——所有那些重新設(shè)計和縮小規(guī)模的做法——只是對一個經(jīng)濟(jì)的整體生產(chǎn)力做出了一個方面的貢獻(xiàn)……，根據(jù)C選項“降低成本并不能保證帶來長期利潤”可以定位到原文尾段“Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.”中文翻譯為：他的同事，邁克?比爾說，太多的公司已用機(jī)械的方式進(jìn)行重組，在沒有充分考慮到長期贏利能力的情況下降低了成本。根據(jù)D選項“打通新市場可能增加公司的利潤率”可以定位到原文第三段“Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.”中文翻譯為：另外，公司的大部分改革都是為了贏利，而這種需求并不總是意味著提高生產(chǎn)力：轉(zhuǎn)向新的市場或改善產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量也會有同樣的功效。只有A選項未在文中提及，符合題意。

10.單選題

Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelight,isinprivatenessandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgmentanddispositionofbusiness.Forexpertmencanexecute,andperhapsjudgeofparticulars,onebyone;butthegeneralcounsels,andtheplotsandmarshalling（按次序排列成形）ofaffairs,comebestfromthosethatarelearned.Tospendtoomuchtimeinstudiesissloth（怠惰）;tousethemtoomuchforornament,isaffectation;tomakejudgmentwhollybytheirrules,isthehumorofascholar.

Theyperfectnature,andareperfectedbyexperience:fornaturalabilitiesarelikenaturalplants,thatneedpruning（修剪）bystudy;andstudiesthemselvesdogiveforthdirectionstoomuchatlarge,excepttheybeboundedinbyexperience.

Craftymencontemnstudies,simplemenadmirethem,andwisemenusethem;fortheyteachnottheirownuse;butthatisawisdomwithoutthem,andabovethem,wonbyobservation.

Readnottocontradictandconfute（駁斥）；nortobelieveandtakeforgranted;nortofindtalkanddiscourse;buttoweighandconsider.

Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested;thatis,somebooksaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously;andsomefewtobereadwholly,andwithdiligenceandattention.Somebooksalsomaybereadbydeputy,andextractsmadeofthembyothers;butthatwouldbeonlyinthelessimportantarguments,andthemeanersortofbooks,elsedistilled（蒸溜的）booksarelikecommondistilledwaters,flashythings.

Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.Andtherefore,ifamanwritelittle,hehadneedhaveagreatmemory;ifheconferlittle,hehadneedhaveapresentwit:andifhereadlittle,hehadneedhavemuchcunning,toseemtoknowthathedoesnot.Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;themathematicssubtile（敏銳的）；naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend（爭論）.

Nay（不），thereisnostoodorimpediment（妨礙）inthewitbutmaybewroughtoutbyfitstudies,likeasdiseasesofthebodymayhaveappropriateexercises.Bowlingisgoodforthestoneandreins（腎臟）;shootingforthelungsandbreast;gentlewalkingforthestomach;ridingforthehead;andthelike.Soifaman’switbewandering,lethimstudythemathematics;forindemonstrations,ifhiswitbecalledawayneversolittle,hemustbeginagain.Ifhiswitbenotapttodistinguishorfinddifferences,lethimstudytheschoolman;fortheyarecyminisectors[splittersofhairs].Ifhebenotapttobeatovermatters,andtocalluponethingtoproveandillustrateanother,lethimstudythelawyers’cases.Soeverydefectofthemindmayhaveaspecialreceipt.

1.Accordingtothepassage,studiesareusefulonallthefollowingoccasionsEXCEPTwhen（

）.

2.AllofthefollowingstatementsaboutstudiesistrueEXCEPTthat

（

）.

3.Theauthorsuggeststhatwhenyoureadabook,youshould

（

）.

4.Ifapersonwantstoexpresshisideaswithgreateloquence,heshouldreadabookon

（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatschoolmanprobablyisa（

）.

問題1選項

A.onegivesaspeech

B.onemakesajudgment

C.oneclassisover

D.oneretiresfromthecrowd

問題2選項

A.scholarsmakejudgmentbasedontheknowledgeobtai