考研考博-英語-北京農(nóng)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京農(nóng)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

OneofthelargestearthquakeseverrecordedhitonBoxingDay2004.TheresultingtsunamidevastatedhugeswathsoftheIndianOceancoastlineandleftanestimatedquarterofamillionpeopledeadacrossIndonesia,SriLanka,IndiaandThailand.Aidagenciesquicklyarrivedtohelpbatteredandtraumatisedsurvivors.

MentalhealthcarewasamassivepartoftheemergencyresponsebuttheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)promptlydidsomethingithasneverdonebeforeorsince.Itspecificallydenouncedatypeofpsychologicaltherapyandrecommendedthatitshouldn’tbeused.Thetherapywasasinglesessiontreatmentcalled“psychologicaldebriefing”，whichinvolvedworkingwithdisastervictimstoencouragepeopletosupposedly“process”theintenseemotionsbytalkingthroughtheminstages.Itwasintendedtopreventlatermentalhealthproblemsbyhelpingpeopleresolvedifficultemotionsearlyon.Theonlytroublewasthatitmadethingsworse.Studieshadshownthatpeoplegivenpost-disasterpsychologicaldebriefingweresubsequentlymorelikelytosuffermentalhealthproblemsthanpeoplewhohadhadnotreatmentatall.

Guidancefromtheworld’smostinfluentialhealthauthorityhadlittleeffect,andthetherapywasextensivelyused.Thereluctancetodothingsdifferentlywastiedupwithsomeoftheleast-appreciatedfactsaboutourreactionstodisaster.Inourtrauma-focusedsociety,itisoftenforgottenthatthemajorityofpeoplewhoexperiencetheravagesofnaturaldisaster,becomethevictimsofviolenceorloselovedonesintragedywillneednoassistancefrommentalhealthprofessionals.

Mostpeoplewillbeshakenup,distressedandbereaved,butthesearenaturalreactions,notinthemselvesdisorders.Onlyaminorityofpeople一rarelymorethan30%inwell-conductedstudiesandoftenconsiderablyless—willdeveloppsychologicaldifficultiesasaresultoftheirexperiences,andthesinglemostcommonoutcomeisrecoverywithouttheneedofprofessionalhelp.Butregardlessoftheeventualoutcome,youarelikelytobeatyourmoststressedduringthedisasterandyourstresslevelswilldecreaseafterwardseveniftheydon’treturntonormal.Yourbodysimplycannotmaintainpeaklevelsofanxiety.

Theseareimportantfactstobearinmindbecause,fromthepointofviewofthedisastertherapist,psychologicaldebriefingseemstowork一stresslevelsgenuinelydrop.Butwhattheindividualtherapistcan’tseeisthatthiswouldhappenmoreeffectively,leavinglesspeopletraumatised,iftheydidnothing.

1.InParagraph1,theunderlinedword“battered”means（

）.

2.InParagraph2,“psychologicaldebriefing”iscloseto

（

）.

3.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?

4.Psychologicaldebriefingwasstillwidelyusedbecause

（

）.

5.Paragraph4indicatesthat

（

）.

6.AccordingtoParagraph5，weshouldbearinmindthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.bruised

B.shocked

C.tortured

D.destroyed

問題2選項

A.neurotherapy

B.behaviortherapy

C.physicaltherapy

D.psychotherapy

問題3選項

A.Theemergencyresponsedidnotinvolvepsychologicaldebriefing.

B.Mentaltherapyreducedtheincidenceofemotionalproblems.

C.Psychologicalinterventioncausedmoreseriousemotionalproblems.

D.PsychologicalinterventionwasnotrecommendedbytheWHO.

問題4選項

A.itwasprovedtobehighlyeffectivebysurvivors

B.theWHOremindedpeopletogetassistancefrommentalhealthprofessionals

C.professionalspaidalotofattentiontothenecessityofpsychologicalintervention

D.themajorityofsurvivorsdevelopedmentaldisorders

問題5選項

A.mostsurvivorswillgetovertraumawithoutprofessionalassistance

B.onethirdofsurvivorswillhavementalillnessesafterdisasters

C.itisdifficultforsurvivorstoreturntonormallevelsofmentalhealth

D.peaklevelsofanxietywillleadtomentaldisorders

問題6選項

A.psychologicaldebriefingmainlydealswithstresslevels

B.psychologicaldebriefinghaslittleeffect

C.moreprofessionalaidshouldbegiventosurvivors

D.stresslevelsarethekeytomentalbreakdowns

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:B

【解析】1.詞匯推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點定位至原文第一段。句中的battered與traumatised并列修飾survivors,由此可判斷，battered和traumatised意義相同，表示“受創(chuàng)傷的”。從而得出本題答案。

2.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點定位至原文第二段。根據(jù)“...whichinvolvedworkingwithdisastervictimstoencouragepeopletosupposedly“process”，theintenseemotionsbytalkingthroughtheminstages.Itwasintendedtopreventlatermentalhealthproblemsbyhelpingpeopleresolvedifficultemotionsearlyon.（…參與處理災(zāi)難受害者鼓勵人們所謂的“過程”,討論他們的情緒階段。它的目的是通過幫助人們在早期解決困難的情緒來預(yù)防后來的心理健康問題）”即可得出本題答案。

3.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第二段。根據(jù)“Itspecificallydenouncedatypeofpsychologicaltherapyandrecommendedthatitshouldn’tbeused.（它明確譴責(zé)了一種心理療法，并建議不應(yīng)該使用這種療法）”“givenpost-disasterpsychologicaldebriefingweresubsequentlymorelikelytosuffermentalhealthproblems（考慮到災(zāi)后心理匯報更容易出現(xiàn)心理健康問題）”即可進行合理推斷，從而得出本題答案。

4.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點定位至原文第三段。根據(jù)“willneednoassistancefrommentalhealthprofessionals.（不需要心理健康專家的幫助。）”即可進行合理推斷，從而得出本題答案。

5.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點定位至原文第四段。根據(jù)“thesearenaturalreactions,notinthemselvesdisorders（這些都是自然反應(yīng)，而不是疾病本身）”“recoverywithouttheneedofprofessionalhelp（不需要專業(yè)幫助就能恢復(fù)）”,即可得出本題答案。

6.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第五段。根據(jù)“l(fā)eavinglesspeopletraumatised,iftheydidnothing（如果他們什么都不做，就會讓更少的人受到創(chuàng)傷）”即可進行合理推斷，從而得出本題答案。

2.單選題

“Thosegirlsareidenticaltwins,aren’tthey?”“Yes,theylookexactly（

）

問題1選項

A.same

B.alike

C.like

D.sameones

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。look在此處作感官動詞，意為“看起來……”后面接形容詞。same一般與the連用，alike為形容詞，意為“相像的，十分相似”。

句意：“那些女孩是同卵雙胞胎，不是嗎？”“是的，她們看起來十分相似”。

3.單選題

TheirsigningofthetreatywasregardedasconspiracyagainsttheBritishCrown.

問題1選項

A.secretplan

B.boldattack

C.cleverdesign

D.jointeffort

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項secretplan“密謀”；B選項boldattack“大膽的攻擊”；C選項cleverdesign“巧妙的設(shè)計”；D選項jointeffort“共同的努力”。句意：他們簽署條約的行為被認為是反對英國王室的陰謀。A選項secretplan“密謀”和conspiracy“密謀”同義，符合題意。因此A選項正確。

4.單選題

Forcenturies,humanshaveharnessedthepowerofbiologicalsystemstoimprovetheirlivesandtheworld.Somearguethatbiotechnologybeganthousandsofyearsago,whencropswerefirstbredforspecifictraitsandmicroorganismswereusedtobrewbeer.Othersdefinethebeginningofbiotechnologyastheemergenceoftechniquesallowingresearcherstopreciselymanipulateandtransfergenesfromoneorganismtoanother.

（1）

GenesaremadeupofDNAandareexpressedintoproteins,whichdochemicalworkandformstructurestogiveusspecifictraits.Inthe1970s,scientistsdiscoveredandusedthepowerofnatural“scissors”—proteinscalledrestrictionenzymes—tospecificallyremoveagenefromonekindoforganismandputitintorelatedorunrelatedorganisms.Thus,recombinantDNAtechnology,orwhatmostexpertsnowlabelasmodembiotechnology,wasbom.

Thepioneersofbiotechnologycouldnothaveenvisionedourcurrentabilitiestoengineerplantstoresistdisease,animalstoproducedrugsintheirmilk,andsmallparticlestotargetanddestroycancercells.（2）Genomicsisbasedonthesetoolsandisthestudyofgenesandtheirfunctions.Wehavedeterminedthecompositionof,or“sequenced”，theentiresetofgenesforhumansandseveralotherorganismsusingbiotechnology.

（3）

Biotechnology,orreallyanytechnology,doesnotexistinavacuum.Itisderivedfromhumaneffortsandaffectedbysocial,cultural,andpoliticalclimates.Societydrivesandregulatestechnology,attemptingtominimizethedownsidesandmaximizethebenefits.

（4）

Recentcontroversiesovertheuseofgeneticallyengineeredorganismsinfoodandagriculturehaveillustratedthatthisboundaryisnotsoclear.Notonlyaretheresafetyconcernsaboutgeneticallyengineeredorganisms,buttherearealsoculturaldifferencesinacceptanceoftheproducts.

Internationalcontextsfortechnologiesareimportantandshouldbeconsidered.（5）

Ontheotherhand,therearesocialsystemsthatareaffectedbynewtechnologiesandfearsofcreatinggreaterdividesbetweenrichandpooriftechnologyisnotaccessibletoallsectorsofsociety.

問題1選項

A.Thediscoveryofthestructureofdeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)inthe1950smarksthestartofthisera.

B.Manynaturalandphysicalscientistswouldpreferthattheseparationbetweensocialandethicalconcernsandscienceandtechnologybewelldefined.

C.Genomicinformationishelpingusbettertoevaluatethecommonalitiesanddiversityamongorganismsandhumanbeingsandtounderstandandcuredisease,eventailoringtreatmentstoindividuals.

D.Thereareclearindicationsthatbiotechnologycanbenefitthepoorandhungryoftheworldwithoutharmingtheenvironment.

E.Biotechnologyisnotapanaceaforglobalproblems,butitisatoolthatholdsagreatdealofpromiseifusedappropriately.

F.However,biotechnologyismorethanengineering—itisalsoasetoftoolsforunderstandingbiologicalsystems.

問題2選項

A.Thediscoveryofthestructureofdeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)inthe1950smarksthestartofthisera.

B.Manynaturalandphysicalscientistswouldpreferthattheseparationbetweensocialandethicalconcernsandscienceandtechnologybewelldefined.

C.Genomicinformationishelpingusbettertoevaluatethecommonalitiesanddiversityamongorganismsandhumanbeingsandtounderstandandcuredisease,eventailoringtreatmentstoindividuals.

D.Thereareclearindicationsthatbiotechnologycanbenefitthepoorandhungryoftheworldwithoutharmingtheenvironment.

E.Biotechnologyisnotapanaceaforglobalproblems,butitisatoolthatholdsagreatdealofpromiseifusedappropriately.

F.However,biotechnologyismorethanengineering—itisalsoasetoftoolsforunderstandingbiologicalsystems.

問題3選項

A.Thediscoveryofthestructureofdeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)inthe1950smarksthestartofthisera.

B.Manynaturalandphysicalscientistswouldpreferthattheseparationbetweensocialandethicalconcernsandscienceandtechnologybewelldefined.

C.Genomicinformationishelpingusbettertoevaluatethecommonalitiesanddiversityamongorganismsandhumanbeingsandtounderstandandcuredisease,eventailoringtreatmentstoindividuals.

D.Thereareclearindicationsthatbiotechnologycanbenefitthepoorandhungryoftheworldwithoutharmingtheenvironment.

E.Biotechnologyisnotapanaceaforglobalproblems,butitisatoolthatholdsagreatdealofpromiseifusedappropriately.

F.However,biotechnologyismorethanengineering—itisalsoasetoftoolsforunderstandingbiologicalsystems.

問題4選項

A.Thediscoveryofthestructureofdeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)inthe1950smarksthestartofthisera.

B.Manynaturalandphysicalscientistswouldpreferthattheseparationbetweensocialandethicalconcernsandscienceandtechnologybewelldefined.

C.Genomicinformationishelpingusbettertoevaluatethecommonalitiesanddiversityamongorganismsandhumanbeingsandtounderstandandcuredisease,eventailoringtreatmentstoindividuals.

D.Thereareclearindicationsthatbiotechnologycanbenefitthepoorandhungryoftheworldwithoutharmingtheenvironment.

E.Biotechnologyisnotapanaceaforglobalproblems,butitisatoolthatholdsagreatdealofpromiseifusedappropriately.

F.However,biotechnologyismorethanengineering—itisalsoasetoftoolsforunderstandingbiologicalsystems.

問題5選項

A.Thediscoveryofthestructureofdeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)inthe1950smarksthestartofthisera.

B.Manynaturalandphysicalscientistswouldpreferthattheseparationbetweensocialandethicalconcernsandscienceandtechnologybewelldefined.

C.Genomicinformationishelpingusbettertoevaluatethecommonalitiesanddiversityamongorganismsandhumanbeingsandtounderstandandcuredisease,eventailoringtreatmentstoindividuals.

D.Thereareclearindicationsthatbiotechnologycanbenefitthepoorandhungryoftheworldwithoutharmingtheenvironment.

E.Biotechnologyisnotapanaceaforglobalproblems,butitisatoolthatholdsagreatdealofpromiseifusedappropriately.

F.However,biotechnologyismorethanengineering—itisalsoasetoftoolsforunderstandingbiologicalsystems.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:F

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:E

【解析】1.聯(lián)系上下文。根據(jù)“Forcenturies,humanshaveharnessedthepowerofbiologicalsystemstoimprovetheirlivesandtheworld.”“Inthe1970s...”可知本段是以生物技術(shù)的起源為引子，以時間為線索簡要地介紹人類發(fā)展和研究基因的過程。A選項含有時間節(jié)點1950s，且提及thediscoveryofthestructureofDNA,符合第一段的話題。

2.聯(lián)系上下文?？崭窈笠痪渲小皌hesetools”。指示代詞these,表明要選擇的內(nèi)容里應(yīng)該包括“tools”這一單詞。選項F含有單詞“tools”，且選項中提及的engineering在上句中也提及了，前后文內(nèi)容銜接。

3.聯(lián)系上下文?？崭袼诰涞纳衔奶峒盎蚪M(genomic),并提及其目前已取得的進步?？崭裉幘渥拥膬?nèi)容應(yīng)與基因組相關(guān)，選項中提及基因組的選項為C。

4.聯(lián)系上下文?？崭窈笠痪渲泻小皌hisboundary”，說明空格的句子中應(yīng)包含“boundary”這一單詞。選項B中的“separation”與“boundary”同義。

5.聯(lián)系上下文。空格后一句中提及的“ontheotherhand”，說明前后兩句間存在一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。因此，空格處句子應(yīng)說明積極方面。選項E涉及其積極方面，且承接前后文。

5.單選題

Ididn’tknowitthen,butthisdisruptivewayofreadingstartedwiththeveryfirstnovelIeverpickedup.

問題1選項

A.harmful

B.persistent

C.interruptive

D.characteristic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。disruptive在句中是“破壞性的，擾亂性的”；A選項harmful“有害的”；B選項persistent“持久穩(wěn)固的”；C選項interruptive“中斷的，阻礙的”；D選項characteristic“有特征的”，句意：我當(dāng)時不知道，但這種顛覆性的閱讀方式始于我撿到的第一本小說。因此只有C項符合。

6.單選題

ThanksinnosmallparttoA1Goreandhisfilmproducers,theAmericanpubliciswakinguptotheseriousnessofglobalwarming.WhatisnotsowidelyappreciatedisthatunlesstheUSgovernmentactsurgentlyanddecisively,thisproblemcouldveryquicklygetverymuchworse.

ForreasonsbotheconomicandpoliticalcoalispoisedtobethefuelofchoiceinthecomingdecadesastheUSweansitselfoffforeignoil.CoalcombustiongenerateshalftheUS'selectricityandreleasesabout1.5billiontonsofcarbondioxideayear.Ifpresenttrendscontinue,thesefigureswillmorethandoubleby2050,muchtothedetrimentoftheworld'sclimate.Withoutanalternativefuel,theonlysolutionistocaptureandstorecarbondioxidefromburningcoal.

Overcomingtheengineeringobstaclesinthewayoflarge-scalesequestrationofcarbondioxidewillbehardenough,butthebiggerchallengeisoneofpoliticalwill.UScompaniesasyethavenoincentivetocapturecarbonemissions.Whilemovesatstateandcongressionallevelsarepushingintherightdirection,theambiguityintheadministration’spolicyiscounterproductive.

ItistimefortheUSgovernmenttoputapriceoncarbonemissionssoutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemissionswillseetheireffortsrewarded.Suchamovewouldnotonlyreducetherisksassociatedwithglobalwarming,butalsogoalongwaytorestoringAmerica'sgreencredentials.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whataddstotheseriousnessofglobalwarming?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheobstaclesforeffectivelycapturingcarbonemissions?

3.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestasasolutiontotheproblem?

問題1選項

A.TheAmericanpublicwasignorantoftheproblem.

B.TheAmericangovernmentisdoingnothingtodealwiththeproblem.

C.TheUSwillchoosecoalasthemajorfuelwhichwillhavelargecarbonemissions.

D.Thereisnoalternativefuelotherthanforeignoilwhichhaslargecarbonemissions.

問題2選項

A.Theexistingtechnologyisonlyabletodealwithlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

B.Thecompaniesarenothighlymotivatedinadoptingnewtechnologies.

C.Thegovernmentpolicyforusingcoalandoiliscounterproductive.

D.Thecompaniesfeelreluctanttobeinvolvedinpoliticalissues.

問題3選項

A.Thegovernmentshouldchargecarbonemissionssoastoencouragecompaniestoadoptnewtechnology.

B.Thegovernmentsshouldrewardutilitiesthatinvestinthetechnologiestoreducecarbonemission.

C.Thegovernmentshouldmakelong-timeeffortstoencouragepeopletoplantmoretrees.

D.Thegovernmentshouldpayforlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第一段中提到“WhatisnotsowidelyappreciatedisthatunlesstheUSgovernmentactsurgentlyanddecisively,thisproblemcouldveryquicklygetverymuchworse.”可知美國政府對全球變暖問題沒有積極主動地采取相應(yīng)措施。第三段中提到“Whilemovesatstateandcongressionallevelsarepushingintherightdirection,theambiguityintheadministration’spolicyiscounterproductive.”雖然美國各州和國會的行動正朝著正確的方向推進，但政府在政策上的模糊性卻產(chǎn)生了相反的效果。”可知美國政府在全球變暖這個問題上什么也沒做，因此選B。

2.細節(jié)事實題。文章第三段中提到“UScompaniesasyethavenoincentivetocapturecarbonemissions.”到目前為止，美國公司還沒有捕捉獲碳排放的動力?？芍狟選項“公司在采用新技術(shù)方面沒有很強的積極性?！币虼薆選項符合題意。A選項“現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)只能處理大規(guī)模的碳排放”；C選項“政府對使用煤炭和石油的政策是產(chǎn)生相反的效果”；D選項“公司不愿意卷入政治問題”。

3.推理判斷題。文章最后一段的大意為：現(xiàn)在是美國政府為碳排放定價的時候了，使投資于技術(shù)使碳排放減少的公用事業(yè)將看到他們的努力得到回報。這一舉措不僅會降低全球變暖帶來的風(fēng)險，而且對恢復(fù)美國的環(huán)保信譽也有很大幫助。因此A選項“政府應(yīng)該征收碳排放，以鼓勵公司采用新技術(shù)?！狈项}意。

7.單選題

Itisrequiredthatduringtheprocess,greatcarehastobetakentoprotectthe（）silkfromdamage.

問題1選項

A.sensitive

B.sensible

C.tender

D.delicate

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。sensitive敏感的，易受影響的；sensible明智的，合乎情理的；tender脆弱的,溫柔的；delicate嬌弱的,纖細的,易碎的。句意:在加工過程中，應(yīng)注意保護絲綢不受損壞。故D項符合句意。

8.單選題

Launchingpeopleintospacemaymakeheadlinesbutitdoeslittleusefulscience.SowhenGeorgeBushredirectedAmerica’sspaceagency,NASA,awayfromscientificresearchandtowardsamannedreturntothemoonin2004,manyscientistsweredisappointed.Nowtheagencyhasfinallyofferedsomesmallmorselsofcomfortintheformoffourprojectsthatcouldaccompanyeffortsforalunarreturn.

Themostexcitingoftheseistheplanforaradiotelescopethatcouldbeplacedonthefarsideofthemoon.Suchadevicewouldlookbackattheearlyuniversetothetimewhenlarge-scalestructuressuchasgalaxiesandstarsformed.Alunar-basedradiotelescopewouldbeabletodetectlongwavelengthsthatcannotbesensedonEarthbecausetheyareabsorbedbytheoutermostlayersoftheplanet’satmosphere.Moreoverbypointingthetelescopeawayfromthedinofshorter-wavelengthradiowavesthatareusedforcommunicationonEarth,astrophysicistswouldbeabletoseetheearlyuniverseinunprecedenteddetail.

Findingalienlifemightalsobepossiblewithsuchatelescope.Itwouldbeabletomapthemagneticfieldsofstarsandexoplanets(planetsthatcirclestarsoutsidethesolarsystem).ItisthemagneticfieldoftheEarththatprotectsitsinhabitantsfrombeingbombardedbyhigh-energyparticlesfromspacethatwouldotherwiseleavetheplanetsterile.DetectingamagneticfieldsurroundinganEarth-likeexoplanetwouldproveapromisingsignforfindingextraterrestriallife.Theproposal,ledbyJosephLazio,oftheNavalResearchLaboratoryinWashington,DC,istocreateanarrayofthreearmsarrangedinaY-shape,eachofwhichwouldbe500meterslongandcontain16antennae.Eacharmwouldbemadeofaplasticfilmthatcouldberolledoutontothesurfaceofthemoon,eitherbyrobotsorbyastronauts.

Asecondproject,headedbyMichaelCollier,oftheNASAGoddardSpaceFlightCentre,wouldexaminehowthesolarwind—astreamofchargedparticlesejectedfromthesun—interactswiththetenuouslunaratmosphereclosetothemoon’ssurface.Suchbombardmentproduceslow-energyX-raysthatwouldbedetectedonthesurfaceofthemoon.ThethirdandfourthprojectsaresimilarbothtoeachotherandtoearlierventuresdroppedonthemoonbytheApolloandtheSovietLunamissionsinthelate1960sand1970s.Some35yearson,reflectorsplacedonthelunarsurfacearestillusedbyscientistsinterestedingeophysicsandgeodesy(forexample,howthemoon’sgravitationalfieldshiftsovertime).Mostofthereflectorsareclusteredclosetothelunarequator.Theproposals,ledbyStephenMerkowitz,alsoofNASA’sGoddardSpaceFlightCentre,andDouglasCurrie,oftheUniversityofMaryland,aretosprinklesomemoresophisticatedversionsovermoreofthemoon’ssurface.

SucheffortsmayattractlittleattentioncomparedwiththelaunchofthespaceshuttleEndeavourthisweek.Nevertheless,whenNASAarguesthatputtingpeopleintospaceinspiresyoungpeopletostudyscience,itispreciselytheseendeavorsthatitwishestoencourage.

51.By“Launchingpeopleintospacemaymakeheadlinesbutitdoeslittleusefulscience”(Line1,Paragraph1),theauthormeans______.

52.Themostdistinctivefeatureofalunar-basedradiotelescopementionedinthesecondparagraphisthat______.

53.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthefournewmoonplans?

54.WhichofthefollowingisNOTafeatureofthelasttwoprojectsdiscussedinthefourthparagraph?

55.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?

問題1選項

A.Launchingpeopleintospaceisveryimportant

B.Newspaperonlycaresaboutwhetherhumanscantravelintospace

C.Humans’traveltooutsidespaceisagainstscientificrules

D.Launchingpeopleintospaceisnotofgreatscientificvalue

問題2選項

A.itisabletocapturelongwavelengths

B.itpossessesbetterfunctionsthanthetelescopesonearth

C.itcanescapefromthemagneticfieldoftheEarth

D.itcandetectallgalaxiesintheuniverse

問題3選項

A.Objective

B.Affirmative

C.Carefree

D.Panicked

問題4選項

A.Thetwoprojectsareoflessimportancethantheothertwo.

B.Thetwoplansareofsimilaritywitheachother.

C.Thepurposeoftheplansistoaddsomeequipmentonthemoon.

D.Theseplansarecontinuanceofpreviousstudiescarriedoutdecadeago.

問題5選項

A.Theradiotelescopewillbeabletofindextraterrestriallife.

B.ThesecondprojectfocusesontheinteractionbetweensolarwindandEarthatmosphere.

C.JosephLazio’sproposalispartoftheradiotelescopeproject.

D.ThefourprojectsarecloselyrelatedtotherecentlylaunchedspaceshuttleEndeavour.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】51.推理判斷題。題干意思是“第一段第一行通過說‘Launchingpeopleintospacemaymakeheadlinesbutitdoeslittleusefulscience’，作者的意思是……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第一行，Launchingpeopleintospacemaymakeheadlinesbutitdoeslittleusefulscience.（把人送入太空可能會成為頭條新聞，但它對科學(xué)沒有什么用處），可以推斷，把人送入太空對科學(xué)沒什么價值，故D項“將人送入太空沒有很大的科學(xué)價值”正確。A項“把人送入太空是非常重要的”和C項“人類到外太空旅行是違反科學(xué)規(guī)則的”與文章不符；B項“報紙只關(guān)心人類是否能進入太空”該段沒有提到。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

52.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“第二段提到的基于月球的射電望遠鏡最顯著的特點是……”。根據(jù)第二段第三句Alunar-basedradiotelescopewouldbeabletodetectlongwavelengthsthatcannotbesensedonEarthbecausetheyareabsorbedbytheoutermostlayersoftheplanet’satmosphere.（設(shè)在月球上的射電望遠鏡將能夠探測到地球上無法探測到的長波，因為它們被地球大氣層的最外層所吸收）可知，A項“它能夠捕獲長波長”正確。B項“它比地球上的望遠鏡有更好的功能”，文中沒有對這兩個進行比較；C項“它可以逃離地球的磁場”文中沒有提及；D項“它可以探測到宇宙中的所有星系”表述太夸張。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

53.觀點態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者對四個新的月球計劃有什么看法？”。文中提到了四個計劃是在第一段最后Nowtheagencyhasfinallyofferedsomesmallmorselsofcomfortintheformoffourprojectsthatcouldaccompanyeffortsforalunarreturn.（現(xiàn)在，宇航局終于提供了一些小安慰，以四個項目的形式，努力重返月球），接著作者第二段就描述了自己的看法，第一句提到Themostexcitingoftheseistheplanforaradiotelescopethatcouldbeplacedonthefarsideofthemoon.（其中最令人興奮的是一個可以放置在月球背面的射電望遠鏡計劃），可以看出作者的態(tài)度是肯定的，故B項“肯定”正確。A項“客觀”、C項“無憂無慮”和D項“驚慌失措”都不夠準(zhǔn)確。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

54.細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“下列哪項不是第四段所討論的最后兩個項目的特征？”。根據(jù)題干我們定位到第四段，第三句提到Thethirdandfourthprojectsaresimilarbothtoeachother（第三和第四個項目彼此相似）可知，B項“這兩個計劃很相似”正確；最后一句提到Theproposals,ledbyStephenMerkowitz,alsoofNASA’sGoddardSpaceFlightCentre,andDouglasCurrie,oftheUniversityofMaryland,aretosprinklesomemoresophisticatedversionsovermoreofthemoon’ssurface.（這項提議由同樣來自美國宇航局戈達德太空飛行中心的StephenMerkowitz和馬里蘭大學(xué)的DouglasCurrie指導(dǎo)，他們打算在月球表面的更多地方安裝一些尖端反射器）可知，C項“計劃的目的是在月球上增加一些設(shè)備”正確；同時，最后兩個項目同樣是由美國宇航局戈達德太空飛行中心的研究員指導(dǎo)，所以可以推斷D項“這些計劃是十年前先前的研究的延續(xù)”也符合原文；只有A項“這兩個項目不如另外兩個重要”在文中沒有提到。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

55.細節(jié)判斷題。題干意思是“作者可能同意下列哪一項？”。由第三段第四句DetectingamagneticfieldsurroundinganEarth-likeexoplanetwouldproveapromisingsignforfindingextraterrestriallife.（探測到一顆類似地球的系外行星周圍的磁場將證明是發(fā)現(xiàn)外星生命的一個有希望的跡象）可推斷，射電望遠鏡有希望能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)外星生命的跡象，A項“這臺射電望遠鏡將能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)外星生命”太絕對；根據(jù)第四段第一句Asecondproject,headedbyMichaelCollier,oftheNASAGoddardSpaceFlightCentre,wouldexaminehowthesolarwind—astreamofchargedparticlesejectedfromthesun—interactswiththetenuouslunaratmosphereclosetothemoon’ssurface.（第二個項目由美國宇航局戈達德太空飛行中心的MichaelCollier領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，將研究太陽風(fēng)——從太陽噴射出來的帶電粒子流——如何與月球表面附近稀薄的月球大氣層相互作用）可知，第二個項目研究的是太陽風(fēng)與月球大氣層之間的相互作用，B項“第二個項目主要研究太陽風(fēng)與地球大氣之間的相互作用”錯誤；第三段提到了射電望遠鏡的提議人，Theproposal,ledbyJosephLazio,oftheNavalResearchLaboratoryinWashington,DC（由華盛頓海軍研究實驗室的JosephLazio領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的這項提議），由此可知C項“JosephLazio的提議是射電望遠鏡項目的一部分”符合原文；文章第一句就指出Launchingpeopleintospacemaymakeheadlinesbutitdoeslittleusefulscience.（把人送入太空可能會成為頭條新聞，但它對科學(xué)沒有什么用處）可知，本周發(fā)射的奮進號航天飛機對科學(xué)并沒有什么用處，所以D項“這四個項目與最近發(fā)射的奮進號航天飛機密切相關(guān)”不正確。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

9.單選題

Nowadays,acellphoneserviceisavailabletoeveryone,everywhere.Probablythousandsofpeoplehavealreadybeenusingit,butIjustdiscoveredit,soI'mgoingtoclaimitandalsonameit:FakeFoning.

Thetechnologyhasbeenworkingwellformeattheoffice,butthereareinfiniteapplications.Virtuallyinanypublicspace.

Sayyouworkatabiguniversitywithlotsoftalkyfacultymembersbuzzingabout.Now,sayyouneedtousetherestroom.Thetripdownthehallwilltakeapproximatelyonehour,becauseapersoncan’twalkintothosetalkypeoplewithoutgettingpulledasideforaquestion,abitofgossip,anewreadonacertainlineofParadiseLost.

So,acellphone.Anycellphone.Justpickitup.Don'tdial.Justholdthatphonetoyourfaceandstarttalking.Walkconfidentlydownthehallengagedinfakeconversation,makingsuretotailorboththetopicandcontenttothepersonstandingbeforeyouwhomyouaretryingtoevade.

Forstandardcolleagueavoidance,Isuggestfakechattingaboutfakebusiness:

“Yes,I’mgladyoucalled,becausewereallyneedtohammeroutthedetails.What’sthat?Yes,IreadPage12,butifyoulookatthebottomof4,Ithinkyoucanseetheproblembeginsrightthere.”

Beengagedinyourfakefoneconversation.Makeeyecontactwiththepeoplepassing,nodtothem,gesturekeeninterestintalkingtothematalatertime,pointtoyourphone,shrugandmoveon.

Shoppersshouldconsiderfakefoninganytimetheyspotatalkyneighborintheproducedepartmentpinching(用手捏)unripepeaches.Withoutyourphoneatyourface,you'dbeinfora20-minutespeechonhowterribletheworldis.

Oneimportantcautionaboutfakefoning.TheotherdayIwasfakefoningmywaypastacolleague,andhewasactuallyfollowingmetogetmyattention.IknewhewantedtoaskaboutaprojectIhadnotyetfinished.Iwastryingtobuymyselfsometime,soIcontinuedfakefoningwithmydoctor.“SoIdon’tneedtheoperation?Oh,doctor,thatisthebestnews.”

Andthen:Brrrrrrng!Brrrrrmg!Brrrrrmg!Myphonestartedringing,righttherewhileitwasplantedonmyface.Mycolleaguelooked