考研考博-英語-山東水利職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東水利職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Itisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutmemory.Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebasisforthedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefoundinourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory.

Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeepinformationavailableforlateruse.Itnotonlyincludes“remembering”thingslikearithmeticorhistoricalfacts,butalsoinvolvesanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves,memoryisinvolvedwhenaratgivesupeatinggrainbecausehehassniffed(嗅出)somethingsuspiciousinthegrainpile.

Memoryexistsnotonlyinhumansandanimalsbutalsoinsomephysicalobjectsandmachines.Computers,forexample,containdevicesforstoringdataforlateruse.Itisinterestingtocomparethememorystoragecapacityofacomputerwiththatofahumanbeing.Theinstantaccessmemoryoflargecomputermayholdupto100,000“words”stringofalphabeticornumericalcharactersreadyforinstantuse.AnaverageU.Steenagerprobablyrecognizesthemeaningofabout100,000wordsofEnglish.However,thisisbutafractionofthetotalamountofinformationthattheteenagerhasstored.Consider,forexample,thenumberoffacesandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight.

Theuseofwordsisthebasisoftheadvancedproblemsolvingintelligenceofhumanbeings.Alargepartofaperson’smemoryisintermsofwordsandcombinationsofwords.Butwhilelanguagegreatlyexpandsthenumberandthekingofthingsapersoncanremember,italsorequiresahugememorycapacity.Itmaywellbethiscapacitythatdistinguisheshumans,settingthemapartfromotheranimals.

1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutmemory?

2.Accordingtothepassage,memoryishelpfulinone'slifeinthefollowingaspectsEXCEPTthat（

）.

3.Whatistheauthor'sviewaboutcomputersandhumanbeingsintermsofintelligence?

4.Whatisthemajorcharacteristicofman’smemorycapacityaccordingtotheauthor?

5.Humanbeingsmakethemselvesdifferentfromotheranimalsby

（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ithelpsusperceivethingshappeningarounduseveryday

B.Itisbasedonthedecisionswemadeinthepast

C.Itisrootedinourpasthabitsandskills

D.Itconnectsourpastexperienceswiththepresent

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itinvolvesachangeinone'sbehavior

B.itkeepsinformationforlateruse

C.itwarnspeoplenottodothingsrepeatedly

D.itenablesonetoremembereventsthathappenedinthepast

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Computershavebettermemorythanachilddoes

B.Computersareasintelligentasateenageris

C.Computerscanunderstandasmanyas100,000words

D.Humanbeingsarefarsuperiortocomputers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itcanbeexpandedbylanguage

B.Itcanrememberallthecombinedwords

C.Itmaykeepalltheinformationinthepast

D.Itmaychangewhathasbeenstoredinit

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.havingtheabilitytoperceivedanger

B.havingafargreatermemorycapacity

C.havingtheabilitytorecognizefacesandplacesonsight

D.havingtheabilitytodrawonpastexperiences

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。文章第一段第二句話提到“大量日常認(rèn)知的意義、我們做決定的依據(jù)和我們的習(xí)慣和技能的根源都是我們過去的經(jīng)歷，這些都是被記憶帶到現(xiàn)在來的”（Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebasisforthedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefoundinourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory），由此可知，記憶能夠?qū)⑦^去與現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第二句話提到“記憶不僅僅是記住算數(shù)和歷史事實(shí)這類事情，還包括動物典型行為的改變”（Itnotonlyincludes“remembering”thingslikearithmeticorhistoricalfacts,butalsoinvolvesanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves），可知選項(xiàng)A“它涉及行為的改變”是正確的，排除；文章第二段第一句話提到“記憶被定義為是一種將信息保存留待以后使用的能力”（Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeepinformationavailableforlateruse），由此可知選項(xiàng)B正確，排除；文章第一段提到了依靠記憶，可以把過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來，選項(xiàng)D“記住過去發(fā)生的事情”正確，排除。因此，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。文章第三段講述了計(jì)算機(jī)強(qiáng)大的存儲功能。計(jì)算機(jī)跟青少年都能記憶十萬左右的英語單詞，但是單詞只是人類記憶中很小的一部分，人類還能記憶很多其他的內(nèi)容，比如，能一眼就分辨出不同的人臉和地方（However,thisisbutafractionofthetotalamountofinformationthattheteenagerhasstored.Consider,forexample,thenumberoffacesandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight），可知人類比電腦要強(qiáng)，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段提到“當(dāng)語言極大的擴(kuò)大人能夠記住的事情和事情最重要的部分的能力時，這需要有巨大的記憶存儲量”（Butwhilelanguagegreatlyexpandsthenumberandthekingofthingsapersoncanremember,italsorequiresahugememorycapacity），因此選項(xiàng)A“能夠擴(kuò)大存儲量”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一句話提到“可能就是這種記憶存儲量將人類與其他動物區(qū)分開來”（Itmaywellbethiscapacitythatdistinguisheshumans,settingthemapartfromotheranimals），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

Theroomwasfullofpeopleandsmoke,shestartedtofeel（）withtheheatinside.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.craned

B.congested

C.confronted

D.oppressed

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞義辨析。craned是crane的過去式和過去分詞形式，不是形容詞；congested“堵塞的；擁擠的”；confronted是confront的過去式和過去分詞形式，不是形容詞；oppressed“受壓制的”。根據(jù)前半句“房間里擠滿了人并且到處是煙”，可知在這樣的環(huán)境下人會感到壓抑，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

Satellitephotographscanprovideinformationon（）rainarefalling.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichwhereandhowmuch

B.whereandhow

C.whichandhow

D.whereandhowmuch

【答案】D

【解析】考查引導(dǎo)詞。句意：衛(wèi)星照片可以提供關(guān)于降雨區(qū)域以及降雨量的信息。on后面接定語從句，從句的主語已經(jīng)有引導(dǎo)詞連接，不再用which。故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

ThescientistshaveWadea（）studyofthevirusesthatcausethedisease.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exhausted

B.exhausting

C.exhaustive

D.exhaustion

【答案】C

【解析】句意:科學(xué)家已經(jīng)對產(chǎn)生疾病的病菌做了詳盡的研究。

考查形近詞辨析。exhausted筋疲力盡的，耗盡的；exhausting使人疲憊不堪的；exhaustive詳盡的，徹底的，全面的；exhaustion筋疲力盡，耗盡。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Toomuch（）toX-rayscancauseskinburnscancerorotherdamagetothebody.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disclosure

B.exhibition

C.contact

D.exposure

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)disclosure“披露，揭發(fā)”；B選項(xiàng)exhibition“展覽，顯示”；C選項(xiàng)contact“接觸”；D選項(xiàng)exposure“暴露”。句意：過多地暴露在X光下會導(dǎo)致皮膚灼傷、產(chǎn)生癌癥或造成其他身體上的損傷。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

6.單選題

Thelocalgovernmentisintensifyingeffortstopopularize（

）educationinrurallocalities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.instinctive

B.impulsive

C.compulsory

D.voluntary

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。instinctive意為“天生的，生來的”；impulsive意為“沖動的”；compulsory意為“(因法律或規(guī)則而)必須做的，強(qiáng)制的”；voluntary意為“自愿的，自發(fā)的”。

句意：當(dāng)?shù)卣诩哟笈υ谵r(nóng)村地區(qū)普及義務(wù)教育。

7.單選題

Hearrivedhome（

）teainthegarden.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.findingthemalltohave

B.findingthemallhaving

C.tofindthemalltohave

D.tofindthemallhaving

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語動詞用法。句意：他回到家（發(fā)現(xiàn)）他們都在花園里喝茶。這里后面意思表示結(jié)果，不定式todo作狀語表出人意料，令人失望的結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在分詞doing作結(jié)果狀語表自然而然的結(jié)果。這里只是喝茶沒有令人失望，所以排除C、D選項(xiàng)。doing表現(xiàn)在，todo表將來，他回家的時候一定是他們正在喝茶，所以答案選B。

8.單選題

Thereis（）whatwillhappentothem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notelling

B.nottelling

C.nottotell

D.nottobetold

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。thereisnotelling意為：難以預(yù)料，很難說。句意：很那說他發(fā)生了什么事。

9.填空題

Higherinterestratesmakeitmoreexpensivetoborrowmoney,________peoplefrombuyingnewhomesorstartingnewconstructionprojects.(courage)

【答案】discouraging

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】動詞。

【解題思路】逗號前為完整的句子，橫線所在內(nèi)容應(yīng)為非謂語動詞。逗號前說到借貸更加昂貴，后面說______人們購買新房或開工建設(shè)新項(xiàng)目，可知前者打擊后者積極性，是主動關(guān)系，一方面動詞應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在分詞，一方面動詞discourage的意思為“使灰心，使泄氣”，符合題意。因此此處應(yīng)為discourage的現(xiàn)在分詞discouraging。

【句意】利率更高讓借貸更加昂貴，使人們不愿購買新房或開工建設(shè)新項(xiàng)目。

10.寫作題

WritealettertothedeanofadepartmentofauniversityintheUnitedStates,applyingforadmittancetothedepartmentasavisitingscholar.

1.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

2.Thecontentsincludewhatyouaregoingtodointhedepartment,andtheexplanationofthesourceofyourlivingexpenses.

3.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.

4.Donotwritetheaddress.

【答案】DearSirorMadam,

MynameisLiMing.IamayoungteacherofEnglishfromWuhanUniversityofTechnology.IhavebeendevotingmyselftotranslationfromChineseintoEnglishandviceversaforquitealongtimeandhavepublishedalargenumberoftranslatedtexts.Butinmyowneyes,theyarefarfromperfect.Whyaretheyimperfect?Ithinktheyresultfromalackoftheguidanceoftranslationtheories,especiallyWesternones,whichwillundoubtedlydogoodtomyteachingcareerinChina.Undersuchcircumstances,IwishtofurthermyresearchbybeingavisitingscholarofyouruniversitybecauseIthinkhighlyofitsexcellentacademicatmosphere.Whenitcomestofinancialsupport,ChinaScholarshipCouncilhasdecidedtoprovidemewithscholarshipneededtostudyabroad.

IwouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldacceptmeasavisitingscholarandIamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.

Yoursrespectfully

LiMing

11.單選題

Sheadmiredthedirectortosuchanextentthatshetookhiswordsas（）oracles.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.divine

B.rebellious

C.faithful

D.unbearable

【答案】A

【解析】divine神圣的,非凡的,極好的；rebellious反抗的,難控制的；faithful忠實(shí)的,準(zhǔn)確可靠的；unbearable難以忍受的,承受不住的。句意：她非常欽佩導(dǎo)演,把他的話當(dāng)作神圣的預(yù)言。選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

12.單選題

TomandAlice（）havinganewcartoreplacetheiroldoneforyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeendreamingof

B.havebeendreamingof

C.hasdreamed

D.willhavedreamed

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知謂語應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)，首先排除選項(xiàng)A和C，再根據(jù)“foryears”可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

13.單選題

Thedirectionswereso（

）thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingenious

B.ambitious

C.notorious

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。ingenious意為“精巧的，巧妙的，機(jī)敏的”；ambitious意為“有野心的，有雄心的”，一般形容人；notorious意為“臭名昭著的”；ambiguous意為“含糊的，不明確的”。

句意：這些指示太不明確了，以致不可能完成任務(wù)。

14.單選題

Thedevicecan（）differentmeasurementsbyelectronicsmeans.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.imitate

B.copy

C.mock

D.fake

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這個設(shè)備能通過電子手段來模擬不同的尺寸。

考查動詞辨析。Imitate模仿,仿效,模仿(某人的講話、舉止);copy復(fù)制,抄襲;mock愚弄,嘲弄;fake捏造,假裝…的樣子。故A符合句意。

15.單選題

Theseconddefinition,thoughaccurate,isequallyas（）anduselessasthefirstone,fromapracticalpointofview.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.penitent

B.constituted

C.repellent

D.pedantic

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)penitent“后悔的，愧疚的”；B選項(xiàng)constituted“組成；建立”；C選項(xiàng)repellent“令人厭惡的；防……的”；D選項(xiàng)pedantic“迂腐的，學(xué)究氣的”。句意：第二個定義雖然準(zhǔn)確，但從實(shí)用性看，也和第一個定義一樣（），毫不實(shí)用。definition不至于repellent“令人厭惡的”，但是有可能pedantic“學(xué)究氣的”，這里可以翻譯成紙上談兵的，符合生活實(shí)際。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Whileotherssatathomestudyingpapersonthesubject,Jeffersongotintoaboatandmade（）observations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.of-the-spot

B.in-the-spot

C.on-the-spot

D.at-the-spot

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配題。on-the-pot指"立即,當(dāng)場"。句意：當(dāng)其他人坐在家里研究這一課題的論文時，Jefferson上了一艘船并進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場觀察。

17.單選題

TheChinagovernmenthasannounceditsintentiontodoublethecountry’sinvestmentinresearchonsolarpoweroverthenextthreeyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheChinagovernment

B.itsintentiontodouble

C.inresearchon

D.overthenext

E.沒有問題

【答案】A

【解析】theChinagovernment應(yīng)改為theChinesegovernment或thegovernmentofChina.

18.單選題

Sincehisloyalsupportersareallentrenchedinpowerfulandkeypositions,tooverturnhismilitaryregimewillnotbeaneasything.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.estrange

B.emerged

C.fixed

D.lingered

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。entrench“確立，牢固；挖掘”；A選項(xiàng)estrange“使疏遠(yuǎn)；離間”；B選項(xiàng)emerge“浮現(xiàn)；擺脫；暴露”的現(xiàn)在分詞；C選項(xiàng)fix“使牢固；修理；安裝；固定”；D選項(xiàng)linger“徘徊；茍延殘喘”。句意：由于他忠實(shí)的支持者都牢固地處于強(qiáng)有力且關(guān)鍵的位置，所以去推翻他的軍事政權(quán)將不是一件容易的事情。題干說到“tooverturnhismilitaryregimewillnotbeaneasything去推翻他的軍事政權(quán)將不是一件容易的事情”，可知entrench在這里有“牢固”的意思，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

WhenJackwas28,he（）thesmallbookshopandinfiveyearsdevelopeditintosixchainstores.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tookafter

B.tookin

C.tookon

D.tookover

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞短語。A選項(xiàng)tookafter“相像，效仿”；B選項(xiàng)tookin“吸收，領(lǐng)會，欺騙”；C選項(xiàng)tookon“承擔(dān)，呈現(xiàn)，具有”；D選項(xiàng)tookover“接管，借用”。句意：當(dāng)杰克28歲時，他接管了這個小書店，在五年內(nèi)發(fā)展成了六個連鎖店。根據(jù)空格后提到的thesmallbookshop，與之可以相對應(yīng)搭配的短語只有D選項(xiàng)tookover，意為接管了商店。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.寫作題

Youaretowriteacompositionofnolessthan250wordsandwriteyourcompositionneatlyontheAnswerSheet.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingtopic：

MyViewontheInternet

【答案】MyViewontheInternet21.單選題

Itisbelievedthatthewayto（）Europe’sR&Dinnovationliesinacollaborativeapproach,featuringbothpublicandprivateparties.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.override

B.avert

C.reinvigorate

D.ownupto

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)override“推翻；不顧；踐踏”；B選項(xiàng)avert“避免，防止；轉(zhuǎn)移”；C選項(xiàng)reinvigorate“使再振作，使復(fù)興”；D選項(xiàng)ownupto“承認(rèn)；承認(rèn)錯誤，坦白”。句意：人們認(rèn)為，重振歐洲研發(fā)創(chuàng)新的途徑在于公私雙方共同參與的合作方式。本句表示“使歐洲研發(fā)創(chuàng)新重振的途徑”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Thefacultyofthecollegehesitatesaboutabolishingthephysicaleducationrequirement.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.improving

B.canceling

C.concluding

D.reporting

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)improving“提高”；B選項(xiàng)canceling“取消”；C選項(xiàng)concluding“結(jié)束”；D選項(xiàng)reporting“報告”。句意：那所大學(xué)的教員對取消體育課的要求猶豫不決。劃線部分abolishing是取消的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

In1798thepoliticaleconomistMalthuspredictedthatintimemankindwouldfacestarvation,havingoutgrowntheavailablefoodsupplies.Today,acenturyandahalflater,therearestillexpertswhoforecastthesameglobaldisasterunlessurgentmeasuresaretakentopreventit.

Bytheendofthepresentcenturytheremaywellbeoverfivethousandmillionpeoplelivingonthisglobe,anincreaseofoverfiftypercentoftoday'sfigure.Inordertokeeppacewiththisincreaseinmankindthefarmersoftheworldwouldhavetostepuptheirproductionoffoodbyatleasttwopercenteveryyear.Sucharateofincreasehasneverbeenmaintainedinanycountrybyconventionalmethodsofagriculture,despitemodernmechanizationandthewidespreaduseoffertilizers.Therearenolargeworthwhilereservesofpotentialfarmlandremaining,andgoodfertilelandiscontinuallybeingdivertedtoindustrialuse.Moreover,erosionofthesoiltakesaconstanttoll.

Intensiveresearch,carriedoutovermanyyearsinallmannerofclimaticconditions,hasproducedarevolutionarymethodofgrowingcropswithoutusinganysoilatall.Hydroponics,asthistechniqueiscalled,maywellbetheanswertoallourfoodworries.Alreadyithasaccomplishedwondersinproducinghugecrops.Hydroponicswasonceacomplicatedandexpensivebusiness;nowitiswelloutoftheexperimentalstage.Laborcostsarefarlowerthanwhennormalmethodsofagricultureareemployed.Infact,itisacompletelyautomaticsystem.Thereisnohardmanualwork,nodiggingorplowing,andnoweedingtospeakof.Yieldscanbefarhigherthantheyareinsoil.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestsumsupthewholepassage?

2.Thephrase“havingovergrowntheavailablefoodsupplies”inthefirstparagraphimpliesthat（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,2percentannualincreaseintheproductionoffoodcannotbeachieved.Whichofthefollowingisnottheexplanationhegavefortheproblem?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueofhydroponics?

5.Judgingfromthepassage,themostimportantadvantageofhydroponicsshouldbe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hydroponicsisanewdevelopmentinagriculture.

B.Malthus’predictionhasbeenprovedtobecorrectbymodernexperts

C.Hydroponicsmaybetheanswertotheworldfoodshortageinthefuture.

D.Conventionalmethodsofagricultureshouldbeimprovedtostepupfoodproductionbytwopercenteveryyear.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theavailablefoodsupplieswillbeenoughtofeedworldpopulation

B.theearthistooexhaustedtosupportitsincreasingpopulation

C.worldpopulationwillgrowataratefasterthanfoodproduction

D.foodsupplieswillbetoomuchavailableforworldpopulation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Therearenotenoughpotentialfarmlandreservesleft.

B.Landisbeinglostthrougherosionandindustrialization.

C.Conventionalmethodsofagriculturearcstillprevailingallovertheworld.

D.Modernmechanizationandtheuseoffertilizersarenotwellpopularizedintheworld.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hydroponicshascreatedwondersinagriculture.

B.Hydroponicsistoocomplicatedandexpensiveforpracticaluse.

C.Hydroponicsisconsideredarevolutionarymethodofagriculture.

D.Hydroponicshasalreadybeenemployedinfoodproduction.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.higheryield

B.lowerlaborcosts

C.moreautomation

D.lesshardmanualword

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文第一二段講述了糧食危機(jī)，第三段提出了解決糧食危機(jī)的辦法-水培法，Hydroponics,asthistechniqueiscalled,maywellbetheanswertoallourfoodworries.水培法很可能是解決我們所有食物問題的答案。故C項(xiàng)“水培法可能是解決未來世界糧食短缺的方法。”正確。

2.推理判斷題。In1798thepoliticaleconomistMalthuspredictedthatintimemankindwouldfacestarvation,havingoutgrowntheavailablefoodsupplies.1798年，政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家馬爾薩斯預(yù)言，人類遲早會面臨饑餓，因?yàn)槿祟惖募Z食供應(yīng)已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了人類的需求?？芍祟惷媾R糧食危機(jī)的原因在于人類的增長速度超過了糧食的供應(yīng)速度，糧食供應(yīng)不足才會導(dǎo)致糧食危機(jī)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第二段Sucharateofincreasehasneverbeenmaintainedinanycountrybyconventionalmethodsofagriculture,despitemodernmechanizationandthewidespreaduseoffertilizers.Therearenolargeworthwhilereservesofpotentialfarmlandremaining,andgoodfertilelandiscontinuallybeingdivertedtoindustrialuse.Moreover,erosionofthesoiltakesaconstanttoll.盡管現(xiàn)代機(jī)械化和化肥的廣泛使用，但任何一個運(yùn)用傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式的國家從來沒有保持過這樣的增長率。沒有大量有價值的潛在農(nóng)田儲備，肥沃的土地不斷被用于工業(yè)用途。此外，土壤的侵蝕會造成持續(xù)的損失?？芍狣項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代機(jī)械化和化肥的使用在世界上還沒有很好地普及?！迸c原文“despitemodernmechanizationandthewidespreaduseoffertilizers.”不符，故答案D。A項(xiàng)“沒有足夠的潛在耕地儲備?！保籅項(xiàng)“土地正因侵蝕和工業(yè)化而喪失。”；C項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)方法仍然在世界各地盛行。”在該段都能找到依據(jù)。

4.推理判斷題。由最后一段Intensiveresearch,carriedoutovermanyyearsinallmannerofclimaticconditions,hasproducedarevolutionarymethodofgrowingcropswithoutusinganysoilatall.Hydroponics,asthistechniqueiscalled,maywellbetheanswertoallourfoodworries.Alreadyithasaccomplishedwondersinproducinghugecrops.Hydroponicswasonceacomplicatedandexpensivebusiness;nowitiswelloutoftheexperimentalstage.Laborcostsarefarlowerthanwhennormalmethodsofagricultureareemployed.Infact,itisacompletelyautomaticsystem.Thereisnohardmanualwork,nodiggingorplowing,andnoweedingtospeakof.Yieldscanbefarhigherthantheyareinsoil.多年來在各種氣候條件下進(jìn)行的深入研究產(chǎn)生了一種革命性的不用任何土壤就能種植作物的方法。水培法，這種技術(shù)被稱為水培法，很可能是解決我們所有食物問題的答案。它已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造了巨大作物產(chǎn)量的奇跡。水培曾經(jīng)是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜而昂貴的產(chǎn)業(yè);現(xiàn)在它已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了實(shí)驗(yàn)階段。勞動力成本遠(yuǎn)低于正常的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式。事實(shí)上，這是一個完全自動化的系統(tǒng)。沒有艱苦的體力勞動，沒有挖掘或耕作，也沒有除草，產(chǎn)量可以比在土壤里高得多?？芍狟項(xiàng)“水培法對于實(shí)際應(yīng)用來說過于復(fù)雜和昂貴?！迸c原文“Hydroponicswasonceacomplicatedandexpensivebusiness;nowitiswelloutoftheexperimentalstage.水培曾經(jīng)是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜而昂貴的產(chǎn)業(yè);現(xiàn)在它已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了實(shí)驗(yàn)階段”不符，水培法在過去是一種復(fù)雜而昂貴的產(chǎn)業(yè)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)運(yùn)用于生產(chǎn)。A項(xiàng)“水培法在農(nóng)業(yè)上創(chuàng)造了奇跡?！闭_；C項(xiàng)“水培法被認(rèn)為是一種革命性的農(nóng)業(yè)方法?！闭_；D項(xiàng)“水培法已經(jīng)在食品生產(chǎn)中得到應(yīng)用”與原文“nowitiswelloutoftheexperimentalstage.它已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了實(shí)驗(yàn)階段”相符。

5.推理判斷題。本位主要講述了糧食危機(jī)，并提出了解決辦法-水培法。盡管水培法有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但最重要的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是產(chǎn)量高，這樣才能從根本上解決糧食問題。最后一句Yieldscanbefarhigherthantheyareinsoil.產(chǎn)量可能遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于土壤中的產(chǎn)量。故A項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy’slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesmaynotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhichispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback,infantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner”.

TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerre-establisheseyecontact:Iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.

1.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare（）.

2.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto（）.

4.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas

B.somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson'sinnerworld

C.ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting

D.somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceived

B.whosefaceiscoveredwithamask

C.whosefaceisseenfromtheside

D.whosefaceisfreeofanycovering.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheother

B.eyecontactofmorethanonesecond

C.improperly-timedceasingofeyecontact

D.constantadjustmentofeyecontact

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.nottoweardarkspectacles

B.nottomakeanyinterruptions

C.nottoglanceawayfromeachother

D.nottomakeunpredictablepauses

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段首句“Whethertheeyesare"thewindowsofthesoul"isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.”眼睛是不是“心靈的窗戶”是有爭議的;它們在人際交往中非常重要，這是一個事實(shí)。A選項(xiàng)“在表達(dá)感情和交換思想方面是極為重要的”，B選項(xiàng)“可以看到一個人內(nèi)心世界的東西”，C選項(xiàng)“在使談話變得有趣方面具有相當(dāng)重要的意義”，D選項(xiàng)“它的價值在很大程度上是一個長期爭論的問題”。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文，“Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesmaynotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhichispresentedinprofile.”值得注意的是，一張有眼睛的真實(shí)的人臉可能不會讓人發(fā)笑，而只看到一只眼睛的側(cè)面也不會讓人發(fā)笑。A選項(xiàng)“正面被完全感知”，B選項(xiàng)“臉上戴著面具”，C選項(xiàng)“從側(cè)面看臉”，D選項(xiàng)“臉部沒有任何遮蓋物”。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文“Iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.”如果對方?jīng)]看，說話者就會認(rèn)為對方不感興趣，就會停下來等對方繼續(xù)看他，或者終止談話。A選項(xiàng)“一個人暫時把目光從另一個人身上移開”，B選項(xiàng)“眼神交流超過一秒”，C選項(xiàng)“不合時宜地停止眼神接觸”，D選項(xiàng)“不斷調(diào)整眼神接觸”。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文的最后一段的最后一句，“Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.”當(dāng)兩個說話的人都戴著墨鏡時，就會清楚地看到這種眼動對保持談話順暢有多么重要:談話中可能會出現(xiàn)由于打斷、錯誤的開始和不可預(yù)知的停頓而造成的語塞，A選項(xiàng)“不要戴黑眼鏡”，B選項(xiàng)“不要打岔”，C選項(xiàng)“不要把目光從對方身上移開”，D選項(xiàng)“不要出人意料地停頓”。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

25.單選題

TheclerkIspokewithinsistedoverandoverthatwehadbeenchargedthenormalrateforthehotelroom,soIaskedtospeakwithhismanager.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insistedoverandover

B.hadbeencharged

C.ratefor

D.soIaskedtospeakwithhismanager

E.沒有錯誤

【答案】E

【解析】沒有錯誤。句意:和我說話的店員一遍又一遍堅(jiān)持說,我們付的是正常價位的房錢,所以我要求和經(jīng)理談話

26.單選題

（）elephantsaredifferentfromwildelephantsinmanyaspects,includingtheirtempers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Cultivated

B.Regulated

C.Civil

D.Tame

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。cultivated“有教養(yǎng)的，栽培的”；regulated“約束，調(diào)節(jié)”；civil“有禮貌的”；tame“馴服的，乏味的”。句意：被馴服的大象與野生大象在許多方面有差異，包括性格。由wild可知此空應(yīng)填與之意思相反的單詞，故D項(xiàng)正確。

27.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

Normal

0

7.8磅

0

2

false

false

false

EN-US

ZH-CN

X-NONE

2.In1899,thehead

oftheU.S.PatentOfficeproposedthathisofficebeclosed,becauseeverythingthatcanbeinventedhasalreadybeeninvented.Thenhe

gotonhishorseandrodehome!

3.Thissenatorwasterribletohisstaff,particularlyhisspeech

writer.Ononeoccasion,hecalledthepoorsoulintohisofficeonFriday

afternoonatfiveo'clockandsaid,"Here'safamousquoteIwanttouse

inmyspeechonMondaymorning.ButIneedtoknowwhosaidit.Findoutby

thenoryou'refired.”O(jiān)nethingyouneedtoknowisthatithappenedin1950s,

whentherewasnosuchathingcalledInternet.

4.TheChinesehaveageneralcharacteristic,aremarkableskillin

imitation,whichisexercisednotmerelyindailylife,butalsoinart.

5.LearningtherulestheMLAHandbookoutlineswillhelpyoubecome

awriterwhoseworkdeservesseriousconsideration.

【答案】1.初級和中級研究對于語言學(xué)習(xí)的科學(xué)知識同樣重要。

2.1899年，美國專利局局長提議關(guān)閉他的辦公室，因?yàn)樗锌梢园l(fā)明的東西都已經(jīng)發(fā)明了。然后他騎馬回家了！

3.這位參議員對他的職員很差，特別是對他的演講稿撰寫人。有一次，他在星期五下午五點(diǎn)把這個可憐的人叫進(jìn)辦公室，說：“這是我想在星期一上午的演講中引用的一句名言。但我要知道是誰說的。不然你就被解雇了。”有一件事你需要知道，那就是它發(fā)生在20世紀(jì)50年代，當(dāng)時沒有一種叫做互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的東西。

4.中國人有一個普遍的特點(diǎn)，即在模仿上有一種非凡的技能，這個技能不僅在日常生活中運(yùn)用，而且在藝術(shù)中也運(yùn)用。

5.學(xué)習(xí)《MLA手冊》中所概括的規(guī)則將有助于你成為一個認(rèn)真考慮自己作品的作家。

28.單選題

____youwerebusy,Iwouldn’thavebotheredyouwithmyquestions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ifrealized

B.HadIrealized

C.DidIhaverealizedthat

D.AsIrealized

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。虛擬條件句的從句部分含有were,should或had時，可省略if采用倒裝句型，將should(would或could)提前。因此正確答案為B。

29.單選題

Russia’seconomy—untilrecentlyoneofthefastestgrowinginEurope—isindirestraits.Traditionalindustriessuchassteelarehurtingbadly.Thedecade-longconsumerboomhasturnedintoaslumpasunemploymentsoars.Thegovernmenthascashtospendafteryearsofsensiblebudgetpolicies,butthecentralbankwillbeforcedtokeepinterestrateshighaslongasinflationisstuckindoubledigitsandtrustintherubleremainsshaky.

ThereversalinRussia’seconomicfortunesisparticularlypainful.Since1998—theyearofRussia’slastfinancialcrisis—theeconomyhasexpandedeight-fold.Asoilpricesrocketed,sodidthecountry’sself-confidence.Notcontentwithpresidingovertheeconomicboom,thePresidentVladimirPutinvowedtorestorehiscountry’sgreatpowerstatus.TalksaboutapartnershipwiththeWestgavewaytobelligerentstatementsaboutanewColdWar.Inthesummerof2008,RussiantankstrundledintoGeorgia.Inearly2009,adisputewithneighboringUkraineledRussiatocutoffgasflows,leavingpeopleinsomeEuropeanUnioncountriesfreezingandfactoriesidle.MostEuropeanswanttoseeRussiastableandwell-off.Buttheyalsobelievethattheeconomiccrisismightbringopportunitiesforapoliticalrapprochement.SomehopethattherecessionmightjustmaketheRussianleadershipalittlemorehumbleoratleasttriggerreformsthatwouldmakeiteasierfortheE.U.tostrengthentradeandinvestmentlinks.

ButwhileRussia’srelationswiththeU.S.havebeenthawingsinceBarackObamatookovertheWhiteHouse,E.U.-Russiarelationsremainfrosty.Talksaboutanewbilateraltreatyonpoliticalandeconomiccooperationhavemadelittleheadway.HopesforafreetradeagreementbetweenBrusselsandMoscowhavewitheredafterRussiaputitsapplicationformembershipintheWorldTradeOrganizationonice.E.U.-Russiaenergycooperationremainsstuck,whichincreasestheriskofyetanothergascrisis.Europeansha