考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thedoctorsareverymuchworriedaboutthe（）ofthepatient’sconditionafteroperation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disposition

B.deliberation

C.deterioration

D.diversion

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。disposition“處置,性情”;deliberation“審議,考慮”;deterioration“惡化,退化”;diversion“消遣,轉(zhuǎn)移注意力”。句意:醫(yī)生非常擔(dān)心病人手術(shù)后情況會(huì)惡化。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

2.單選題

Thelivelihoodofeachspeciesinthevastandintricateassemblageoflivingthingsdependsontheexistenceofotherorganisms.Thisinterdependenceissometimessubtle,sometimesobvious.Perhapsthemoststraightforwarddependenceofonespeciesonanotheroccurswithparasites,organismsthatliveonorinotherlivingthingsandderivenutrientsdirectlyfromthem.Theparasiticwayoflifeiswidespread.Amultitudeofmicroorganisms(includingvirusesandbacteria)andanarmyofinvertebrates—orcreatureslackingaspinalcolumn(includingcrustaceans,insects,andmanydifferenttypesofworms)—maketheirlivingsdirectlyattheexpenseofothercreatures.Inthefaceofthisonslaught,livingthingshaveevolvedavarietyofdefensemechanismsforprotectingtheirbodiesfrominvasionbyotherorganisms.

Certainfungiandevensomekindsofbacteriasecretesubstancesknownasantibioticsintotheirexternalenvironment.Thesesubstancesarecapableofkillingorinhibitingthegrowthofvariouskindsofbacteriathatalsooccupythearea,therebyeliminatingorreducingthecompetitionfornutrients.Thesameprincipleisusedindefenseagainstinvadersinothergroupsoforganisms.Forexample,whenattackedbydisease-causingfungiorbacteria,manykindsofplantsproducechemicalsthathelptowardofftheirinvaders.

Membersoftheanimalkingdomhavedevelopedavarietyofdefensemechanismsfordealingwithparasites.Althoughthesemechanismsvaryconsiderably,allmajorgroupsofanimalsarecapableofdetectingandreactingtothepresenceofforeigncells.Infact,throughtheanimalkingdom,fromspongestocertaintypesofworms,shellfish,andallvertebrates(creaturespossessingaspinalcolumn),thereisevidencethattransplantsofcellsorfragmentsoftissuesintoananimalareacceptedonlyiftheycomefromgeneticallycompatibleorcloselyrelatedindividuals.

Theabilitytodistinguishbetween“sel”and“nonself”,whilepresentinallanimals,ismostefficientamongvertebrates,whichhavedevelopedanimmunesystemastheirdefensemechanism.Theimmunesystemrecognizesandtakesactionagainstforeigninvadersandtransplantedtissuesthataretreatedasforeigncells.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theword“intricate”inLineOneisclosestinmeaningto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,someorganismsproduceantibioticsinorderto（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,atransplantoftissuebetweengeneticallyincompatibleorganismswillresultinthetransplantedtissue（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,theabilitytodistinguishbetween“self”and“nonself”enablesvertebratesto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Howparasitesreproduce.

B.Howorganismsreacttotheinvaders.

C.Howantibioticsworktocuredisease.

D.Howtheimmunesystemofvertebratesdeveloped.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.difficult

B.widespread

C.critical

D.complex

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.preventdiseaseinhumans

B.aiddigestion

C.fightoffotherorganisms

D.createnewtypeofnutrients

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.becomingaparasite

B.beingtreatedasaninvader

C.alteringitsgeneticmakeup

D.developinganewimmunesystem

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.accepttransplantedcells

B.detectandreacttoinvasion

C.weakentheirimmunesystem

D.getridofantibiotics

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到原文首段中心句“Inthefaceofthisonslaught,livingthingshaveevolvedavarietyofdefensemechanismsforprotectingtheirbodiesfrominvasionbyotherorganisms.”，中文翻譯為：在面臨這種襲擊時(shí)，生物體已演化出各種各樣的防御機(jī)制來(lái)保護(hù)自己的身體不被其他生物體入侵。因此答案為B選項(xiàng)：生物體如何反抗入侵者。

2.【試題解析】詞匯題。A:difficult“困難的”；B:widespread“普遍的，廣泛的；分布廣的”；C:critical“鑒定的；批評(píng)的，危險(xiǎn)的”；D:complex“復(fù)雜的”。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Thelivelihoodofeachspeciesinthevastandintricateassemblageoflivingthingsdependsontheexistenceofotherorganisms.”中文翻譯為：在龐大而復(fù)雜的生物群落中，每個(gè)物種的生計(jì)都依賴于其他生物體的存在。得知intricate為“復(fù)雜的”，故選D。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段“Forexample,whenattackedbydisease-causingfungiorbacteria,manykindsofplantsproducechemicalsthathelptowardofftheirinvaders.”中文翻譯為：例如，當(dāng)遭受致病菌類或細(xì)菌攻擊時(shí)，許多種類的植物產(chǎn)生有助于擊潰入侵者的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。因此，C選項(xiàng)“擊退其他生物體”最符合題意。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段“…thereisevidencethattransplantsofcellsorfragmentsoftissuesintoananimalareacceptedonlyiftheycomefromgeneticallycompatibleorcloselyrelatedindividuals.”中文翻譯為：有證據(jù)表明，只有細(xì)胞或組織碎片來(lái)自在基因上相容或有密切關(guān)系的個(gè)體時(shí)，細(xì)胞或組織移植到一個(gè)動(dòng)物中才會(huì)被接受。故B選項(xiàng)“被當(dāng)成入侵者”最符合題意。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位原文尾段“Theimmunesystemrecognizesandtakesactionagainstforeigninvadersandtransplantedtissuesthataretreatedasforeigncells.”中文翻譯為：這個(gè)免疫系統(tǒng)識(shí)別并針對(duì)外來(lái)入侵者和被看成是外來(lái)細(xì)胞的移植組織采取行動(dòng)?？梢缘弥狟項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)和反抗入侵”最為符合。

3.單選題

Atnight,carsoften（

）smallanimalsthatareblindedbytheheadlights.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.runover

B.heldup

C.tookapart

D.droveat

【答案】A

【解析】詞組辨析題。runover碾過(guò)；holdup舉起；takeapart拆開(kāi)；driveat用意所在。

句意：晚上，汽車經(jīng)常碾過(guò)被車頭燈照懵了的小動(dòng)物。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

4.單選題

Moviedirectorsusemusicto（

）theactiononthescreen.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contaminate

B.compliment

C.contemplate

D.complement

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。contaminate“污染”；compliment“恭維”；contemplate“沉思，注視”；complement“補(bǔ)充”。句意：電影導(dǎo)演用音樂(lè)來(lái)補(bǔ)充熒幕上的動(dòng)作。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

Heseemstothinktheplanwillwork,butIam（

）aboutitssuccess.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unbelieving

B.unbelievable

C.incredible

D.skeptical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。unbelieving“不相信的”；unbelievable“難以置信的，不可信的”；incredible“難以置信的，驚人的，極好的”；skeptical“懷疑的”。句意：他似乎覺(jué)得這個(gè)計(jì)劃會(huì)湊效，但我對(duì)它的成功表示懷疑。前半句表達(dá)的是一個(gè)人相信的態(tài)度，由but可知后半句態(tài)度與之相反，即懷疑的態(tài)度。故D項(xiàng)正確。beskepticalabout對(duì)……表示懷疑。

6.單選題

Ⅷ.Internationallaw

Legalconceptsofdomesticlawprofoundlyinfluencethewayhowoneapproachesandconceptualizesinternationallaw.JamesCrawfordhasobservedthat“itcannotbesaidtoooftenthatourthinkingaboutlawisinfiltrated,marinated,drenchedwiththeinfluenceofnationallegalsystems,withtheircharacteristicwaysofenforcingobligationsandvindicatingrights.Wewereallnationallawyersfirst”.Thatissurelyright(althoughthetrendtowardsspecializationthaterodestheauthorityofgeneralistsmightalsoeventuallyexpungethememoryofthedomesticoriginsoftheinvisiblecollege).

Thedomesticlawperspectiveapplieswithparticularforcetointernationaltreatiesthatcombineaconsensualform,primafaciereminiscentofthestructureemployedinthedomesticlawofcontracts,withasubstantivebreadth,primafacieextendingbeyondthelegalrelationshipsthatwouldbeaddressedbythelawofcontractsindomesticlaw.AconvenientpointofdepartureisthepropositionmadebyArnoldMcNairaslongagoasin1930,contrastingthevarietylegalformsemployedbythedomesticlegalorderwiththesparsenessofformbywhichinternationallawaddressedsubstantivelycomparablelegalrelationships:Theinternallawsofthemodernstateprovideitsmemberswithavarietyoflegalinstrumentsfortheregulationoflifewithinthatcommunity:thecontract;theconveyanceorassignmentofimmovableormovableproperty,whichmaybemadeforvaluableconsiderationormaybeagiftoranexchange;thegratuitouspromiseclothedinaparticularform;thecharterorprivateActofParliamentcreatingacorporation;legislation,whichmaybeconstituent,suchasawrittenconstitution,fragmentaryorcomplete,ormaybedeclaratoryofexistinglaw,orcreatenewlaw,orcodifyexistinglawwithcomparativelyunimportantchanges.Further,thoughrarely,wemayfindaconstitutionaldocumentwhichcloselyresemblestheinternationaltreatyitself.

Ifthedebateisputinahistoricalperspective,itmaybesaidthattheappropriatenessofdomesticanalogieshasbeendebatedinslightlydifferingtermsbyeachsucceedinggenerationofinternationallawyers.Inthelate19thcentury,HeinrichTriepeldrewthedistinctionbetweentreatiesanalogoustocontractsproperlyso-called,wherethecontractualpartiespursuedopposinginterests,andthelaw-makingtreatiesanalogoustoagreements,wherethecontractualpartiespursuedcommoninterests.

Intheinter-Warperiod,HerschLauterpachtdismissedanypracticalvalueofthedistinction,andmadeapowerfulargumentofanalogybetweendomesticcontractlawontheonehandandthelawoftreatiesandparticulartreatyregimesontheotherhand.Conversely,McNairmadeanequallypowerfulargumentforabroaderlistofpossibleanalogiesfromdomesticlaw,shiftingtheattentiontopubliclaw,andinparticularcasesshowingscepticismaboutthevalueofrelyingonprivatelaw.

1.JamesCrawfordthinksthat___.

2.ArnoldMcNaircomparedlegalformsindomesticlawwiththoseofinternationallawin1930andfoundthat___.

3.HeinrichTriepelmadethedistinctionbetween___.

4.Fromthelastparagraph,wecanseethatHerschLauterpachtandMcNair___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thecharacteristicwaysofenforcingobligationsinnationallegalsystemdecidestheinternationallegalsystem

B.influenceofnationallegalsystemsgetintoone’sthinkingaboutlaw

C.nationallawyerscandothingsbetter

D.internationallawismarinatedbynationallaw

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.forsubstantivelycomparablelegalrelationshipsthereweremuchlessformsofinternationallaw

B.internationaltreatiesresemblethestructureemployedinthedomesticlaw

C.thedomesticlawperspectiveapplieswithparticularforcetointernationaltreaties

D.thegratuitouspromiseisclothedinaparticularform

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.treatiesandcontracts

B.internationallawyersanddomesticlawyers

C.contractualparties

D.differenttypesoftreaties

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.disagreedonthenatureofinternationallaw

B.bothmadeanalogiesofinternationallawtodomesticlaw

C.applieddifferentmethodologyinanalyzingtherelationbetweeninternationallawanddomesticlaw

D.haddifferentviewinpossibleanalogies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“JamesCrawford”定位到原文第一段JamesCrawfordhasobservedthat“itcannotbesaidtoooftenthatourthinkingaboutlawisinfiltrated,marinated,drenchedwiththeinfluenceofnationallegalsystems,withtheircharacteristicwaysofenforcingobligationsandvindicatingrights.Wewereallnationallawyersfirst”.（詹姆斯?克勞福德曾指出，“我們對(duì)法律的思考被國(guó)家法律體系的影響所滲透、浸泡、浸透，以及它們執(zhí)行義務(wù)和維護(hù)權(quán)利的獨(dú)特方式，這種情況不能說(shuō)太多。我們首先都是國(guó)家律師”）可知選B選項(xiàng)“國(guó)家法律制度的影響進(jìn)入人們對(duì)法律的思考”，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“在本國(guó)法律體系中履行義務(wù)的獨(dú)特方式?jīng)Q定了國(guó)際法律體系”錯(cuò)誤，我們對(duì)法律的思考被它們執(zhí)行義務(wù)和維護(hù)權(quán)利的獨(dú)特方式所影響，但是并沒(méi)有說(shuō)在本國(guó)法律體系中履行義務(wù)的獨(dú)特方式能決定國(guó)際法律體系；C選項(xiàng)“國(guó)家律師可以做得更好”，D選項(xiàng)“國(guó)際法受國(guó)內(nèi)法的制約”未提及。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到原文第二段開(kāi)頭Thedomesticlawperspectiveapplieswithparticularforcetointernationaltreatiesthatcombineaconsensualform,primafaciereminiscentofthestructureemployedinthedomesticlawofcontracts,withasubstantivebreadth,primafacieextendingbeyondthelegalrelationshipsthatwouldbeaddressedbythelawofcontractsindomesticlaw.（國(guó)內(nèi)法的觀點(diǎn)特別適用于國(guó)際條約，這些條約結(jié)合了協(xié)商一致的形式，表面上使人想起國(guó)內(nèi)合同法所采用的結(jié)構(gòu)，實(shí)質(zhì)上具有廣泛性，表面上超越了國(guó)內(nèi)法中合同法所處理的法律關(guān)系）可知B選項(xiàng)“國(guó)際條約類似于國(guó)內(nèi)法所采用的結(jié)構(gòu)”，C選項(xiàng)“國(guó)內(nèi)法的觀點(diǎn)特別適用于國(guó)際條約”和原文相符；第一段thegratuitouspromiseclothedinaparticularform（無(wú)償?shù)某兄Z是以一種特殊的形式體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的）可知D選項(xiàng)“無(wú)償?shù)某兄Z是以一種特殊的形式體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的”符合原文；A選項(xiàng)“就實(shí)質(zhì)性可比的法律關(guān)系而言，國(guó)際法的形式要少得多”原文未提及。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“HeinrichTriepel”定位到原文第三段HeinrichTriepeldrewthedistinctionbetweentreatiesanalogoustocontractsproperlyso-called,wherethecontractualpartiespursuedopposinginterests,andthelaw-makingtreatiesanalogoustoagreements,wherethecontractualpartiespursuedcommoninterests.（海因里希?特里佩爾區(qū)分了類似于合同的條約，即所謂的合同當(dāng)事人追求對(duì)立利益的條約，以及類似于協(xié)議的立法條約，即合同當(dāng)事人追求共同利益的條約）可知選D選項(xiàng)“不同類型的條約”；A選項(xiàng)“條約和合同”，B選項(xiàng)“國(guó)際律師和國(guó)內(nèi)律師”以及C選項(xiàng)“合同方”和原文不符合。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.定位到原文最后一段Intheinter-Warperiod,HerschLauterpachtdismissedanypracticalvalueofthedistinction,andmadeapowerfulargumentofanalogybetweendomesticcontractlawontheonehandandthelawoftreatiesandparticulartreatyregimesontheotherhand.Conversely,McNairmadeanequallypowerfulargumentforabroaderlistofpossibleanalogiesfromdomesticlaw,shiftingtheattentiontopubliclaw,andinparticularcasesshowingscepticismaboutthevalueofrelyingonprivatelaw.（在兩次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，HerschLauterpacht駁斥了這種區(qū)別的任何實(shí)際價(jià)值，并對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)合同法與條約和特定條約制度的法律之間的類比進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)有力的論證。相反，麥克奈爾提出了一個(gè)同樣有力的論點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為可以從國(guó)內(nèi)法中進(jìn)行更廣泛的類比，并將注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到公法上，特別是那些對(duì)依靠私法的價(jià)值表示懷疑的案例）可知選D選項(xiàng)“在可能的類比中有不同的觀點(diǎn)”；最后一段未提到他倆在國(guó)際法上有分歧，A選項(xiàng)“在國(guó)際法的性質(zhì)上有分歧”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“兩者都將國(guó)際法與國(guó)內(nèi)法進(jìn)行了類比”和原文不符合；C選項(xiàng)“在分析國(guó)際法和國(guó)內(nèi)法之間的關(guān)系時(shí)采用了不同的方法”在最后一段未提及。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Youwillhardlybelieveit,butthisisthethirdtimetonightsomeone（）me.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.telephoned

B.hastelephoned

C.telephones

D.shouldtelephone

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定句式結(jié)構(gòu)。Thisisthefirst（序數(shù)詞）timethat…表示“第一次做某事”，后面的從句一定要用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成have/hasdone。句意：你可能不會(huì)相信，這已經(jīng)是今晚第三次有人給我打電話了。hastelephoned使用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。

8.寫(xiě)作題

Directions:

Studythefollowingsetofdrawingscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould

1)describethesetofdrawings,interpretitsmeaning,and

2)pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.

Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

【答案】參考范文

Asisshowninthetwopictures,thesameflowerhasdifferentfatewhenputindifferentsituations.Whenthereisprotection,theflowerbloomsbeautifully.However,whenexposeddirectlytorainandstorm,theflowerquicklywithers.Wecansafelycometotheconclusionthatgreenhouseflowerscannotwithstandrainandstorm.

Thesameistruewithourchildren.Astheone-childpolicyisadoptedinChina,moreandmoreparentsoverprotecttheirchildren.Witheverythingdoneforthemandeveryneedsatisfiedbytheirparentsorgrandparents,theseonlychildrenseemtobehealthy,happyandhigh-spirited.Butwhentheyleavehome,theybecomedisappointedandfrustrated.Facingharshthingstheyhaveneverexperiencedbefore,suchascompetitionfrompeers,criticismfromsupervisors,pressurefordeadlinesandrestrictionfordiscipline,theywillbeataloss,miserableorevendesperate.Infact,themoreprotectiontheygetfromtheirparents,thelessabilitytheyacquire.Parents’lovefortheirchildrenturnsouttobeadisaster.

Children,likeflowers,shouldbetreatedwithcare,butreasonableandsensiblewaysofdoingthingswillhelptobringaboutmorefruitfulresults,ifwenotonlyloveourchildrenbutalsoteachthemhowtolove,ourlovewillbepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration;ifwenotonlysolveproblemsforourchildrenbutalsoencouragethemtosolveproblems,ourdiligenceandingenuitywillmakeourlifemoremeaningfulandworthwhile.

9.單選題

Karachiisfamousforitsbroadboulevardsandmanyfinemodernbuildings,includingthoseofUniversityofKarachi.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tree-linedstreets

B.mosques

C.highways

D.bridges

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)tree-linedstreets“林蔭路”；B選項(xiàng)mosques“清真寺”；C選項(xiàng)highways“高速公路”；D選項(xiàng)bridges“橋梁”。句意：卡拉奇以其寬闊的林蔭大道和許多漂亮的現(xiàn)代建筑而聞名，包括卡拉奇大學(xué)的建筑。劃線部分boulevards是林蔭大道的意思。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Ihavebeenlivinginadormroom,（

）facesnorth,forthreeyearsandhavesufferedalot.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thewindow

B.whichwindow

C.whosewindow

D.itswindow

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我在一個(gè)窗戶朝北的宿舍里已住了三年，這讓我受了很多苦。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。分析題干和選項(xiàng)可知,句子主干為Ihavebeenlivinginadormroomforthreeyearsandhavesufferedalot,而“facesnorth”為room的定語(yǔ),window（窗戶）和room(房間)是從屬關(guān)系,所以用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

11.翻譯題

Despitetheweb,wewatchmoretelevisionthanever.

Inthechaosoftoday’smediaandtechnologybrawl-iPodvs.Zune,Googlevs.Yahoo,Windowsvs.Linux,Intelvs.AMD-wecandeclareoneunlikelywinner.Standingtallinafieldofnewtechwonders,it’sageezertechnologythatareinventedinthe1920sandcommercializedinthe1940s,andit’sstillmorepowerfulthananythingcreatedsince.

Asyoutrytofigureoutwhereconsumerinfo-techisgoing,andwhatitmeansforsociety,rememberthisbig,centralreality:Peoplejustwantmoretelevision.

Ifyoudoubtit,lookattoday’sbiggestnewsintech.Itcontinuallycentersonnewwaystobringconsumersthethingtheycraveaboveallelse.SonyfloodedtherecentConsumerElectronicsShowwithproductsthatputinternetvideoonyourTVset,asdidalmosteveryotherconsumerelectronicscompany.AtthesimultaneousMacworldExpo,ApplechiefSteveJobsintroducedAppleTV,whichdoesthesamething.VerizonsaiditwillsoonofferliveTVoncellphonescreens.Itwillalsosellfull-lengthprogramsforviewingwheneveryouwant.Putitalltogether,andwehaveachievedanirvanathatdidn’texistevenayearago:unlimitedtelevisionavailable24/7oneveryscreenyouown.

It’snosurprise,ofcourse.

Eversincethebasicfactsofsteadilymultiplyingprocessorpowerandbandwidthbecameapparent,seershaveconfidentlypredictedthisday.Theyjustasconfidentlypredictedwhatitwouldmean:traditionaltelevision’sdemise.OncetheWorldWideWebappearedinthemid-1990s,thefuturelookedveryclear.BoringoldTV,thescheduledprogramsthatcometoyouthroughacoaxialcableorsatellitedishorantenna,wouldfadeaway.

Whichisexactlytheoppositeofwhathashappened.DespitemanyNetAgealternatives,weAmericanstodaywatchmoreboringoldTVthanever,whichissayingsomething.Howcanthatbe?MytheoryistheTwo-LiterCokePrinciple.TheCoca-ColacompanydiscoveredlongagothatifitcouldgetpeopletobringhomebiggerbottlesofCoke,thosepeoplewoulddrinkmorethantheyusedto.JustgettingmoreCokeinfrontofthemincreasedtheirconsumption.ItseemstobethesamewithTV.Putmoreofitinfrontofpeople—over100channelsinmanyhomes—andpeoplewillwatchmore.

Seenfromthisperspective,thelatestannouncementsofnewTV-relatedtechnologylooksimplylikeadditionalwaystoputmoreTVinfrontofAmericanconsumer.ThesupposedthreatfromtheInternetwasthatwe’dcutbackonTVaswespentmoretimeonMySpaceorinSecondLife.WemaywellspendmoretimeonsuchnewNetattractions,butwe’reunlikelytotakethattimeawayfromvideoviewing.We’remorelikelytocutbackonthingsweconsiderlessimportant,likesleep.

NoonehasevaluatedTVbetterthanthegreatNewYorkeressayistE.BWhite,whoin1938wrote,“Weshallstandorfallbytelevision,ofthatIamsure.”Westilldon’tknowwhichitwillbe,buthisassessmentlookstruerthanever.

【答案】當(dāng)你試圖弄清楚消費(fèi)者信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向，以及它對(duì)社會(huì)的意義時(shí)，請(qǐng)記住一個(gè)重要的中心事實(shí):人們只是想看更多的電視節(jié)目。

索尼在最近的消費(fèi)電子展上推出了大量可以在電視機(jī)上播放互聯(lián)網(wǎng)視頻的產(chǎn)品，幾乎所有其他消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品公司都是如此。

自從處理器功率和帶寬穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)的基本事實(shí)變得明顯以來(lái)，預(yù)言家們就自信地預(yù)測(cè)到了這一天。

而事實(shí)恰恰相反。盡管有許多網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代的替代品，但是我們美國(guó)人今天比以往任何時(shí)候都看更多無(wú)聊的老電視，這說(shuō)明了一些問(wèn)題。

沒(méi)有人比偉大的紐約客散文家E，B懷特更好地評(píng)估了電視，他在1938年寫(xiě)到“我確信我們的成敗將系于電視”。

12.單選題

Eachadvanceinmicroscopictechniquehasprovidedscientistswithnewperspectiveonthefunctionoflivingorganismsandthenatureofmatteritself.Theinventionofthevisible-lightmicroscopelateinthesixteenthcenturyintroducedapreviouslyunknownrealmofsingle-celledplantsandanimals.Inthetwentiethcentury,electronmicroscopeshaveprovideddirectviewsofvirusesandminusculesurfacestructures.Nowanothertypeofmicroscope,onethatutilizesX-raysratherthanlightorelectrons,offersadifferentwayofexaminingtinydetails;itshouldextendhumanperceptionstillfartherintothenaturalworld.

ThedreamofbuildinganX-raymicroscopedatesto1895;itsdevelopment,however,wasvirtuallyhaltedinthe1940’sbecausethedevelopmentoftheelectronmicroscopewasprogressingrapidly.Duringthe1940’s,electronmicroscopesroutinelyachievedresolutionbetterthanthatpossiblewithavisible-lightmicroscope,whiletheperformanceofX-raymicroscopesresistedimprovement.Inrecentyears,however,interestinX-raymicroscopeshasrevived,largelybecauseofadvancessuchasthedevelopmentofnewsourcesofX-rayillumination.Asaresult,thebrightnessavailabletodayismillionsoftimesthatofX-raytubes,which,formostofthecentury,weretheonlyavailablesourcesofsoftX-rays.

ThenewX-raymicroscopesconsiderablyimproveontheresolutionprovidedbyopticalmicroscopes.Theycanalsobeusedtomapthedistributionofcertainchemicalelements.Somecanformpicturesinextremelyshorttimes;othersholdthepromiseofspecialcapabilitiessuchasthree-dimensionalimaging.Unlikeconventionalelectronmicroscopy,X-raymicroscopyenablesspecimenstobekeptinairandinwater,whichmeansthatbiologicalsamplescanbestudiedunderconditionssimilartotheirnaturalstate.Theilluminationused,so-calledsoftXraysinthewavelengthrangeoftwentytofortyangstroms(anangstromisoneten-billionthofameter),isalsosufficientlypenetratingtoimageintactbiologicalcellsinmanycases.BecauseofthewavelengthoftheXraysused,softX-raymicroscopeswillnevermatchthehighestresolutionpossiblewithelectronmicroscopes.Rather,theirspecialpropertieswillmakepossibleinvestigationsthatwillcomplementthoseperformedwithlight-andelectron-basedinstruments.

1.Whatisthethemedoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormentionthevisible-lightmicroscopeinthefirstparagraph?

3.WhydidittakesolongtodeveloptheX-raymicroscope?

4.Basedontheinformationinthepassage,whatcanbeinferredaboutX-raymicroscopesinthefuture?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thedetailseenthroughamicroscope.

B.Outdatedmicroscopictechniques.

C.Sourcesofilluminationformicroscopes.

D.Anewkindofmicroscope

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ToputtheX-raymicroscopeinahistoricalperspective.

B.Tobeginadiscussionofsixteenth-centurydiscoveries.

C.Toshowhowlimiteditsusesare.

D.Toexplainhowitfunctioned.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Fundsforresearchwereinsufficient.

B.Thesourceofilluminationwasnotbrightenoughuntilrecently.

C.MaterialsusedtomanufactureX-raytubesweredifficulttoobtain.

D.X-raymicroscopesweretoocomplicatedtooperate.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theywillprobablyreplaceelectronmicroscopealtogether.

B.Theywilleventuallybemuchcheapertoproducethantheyarenow.

C.Theywillprovideinformationnotavailablefromotherkindsofmicroscopes.

D.Theywilleventuallychangetheilluminationrangethattheynowuse.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由第一段“Nowanothertypeofmicroscope,onethatutilizesX-raysratherthanlightorelectrons,offersadifferentwayofexaminingtinydetails;itshouldextendhumanperceptionstillfartherintothenaturalworld.現(xiàn)在，另一種顯微鏡，利用x射線而不是光或電子，提供了一種觀察微小細(xì)節(jié)的不同方法;它應(yīng)該把人類的感知能力進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展到自然界?！奔暗诙巍癟hedreamofbuildinganX-raymicroscopedatesto1895;制造x射線顯微鏡的夢(mèng)想可以追溯到1895年”可知本文講的是一種新的顯微鏡，故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。定位第一段中“Eachadvanceinmicroscopictechniquehasprovidedscientistswithnewperspectiveonthefunctionoflivingorganismsandthenatureofmatteritself.顯微技術(shù)的每一個(gè)進(jìn)步都給科學(xué)家提供了新視角對(duì)生物體的功能和物質(zhì)本身的性質(zhì)?！奔啊癟heinventionofthevisible-lightmicroscopelateinthesixteenthcenturyintroducedapreviouslyunknownrealmofsingle-celledplantsandanimals.Inthetwentiethcentury,electronmicroscopeshaveprovideddirectviewsofvirusesandminusculesurfacestructures.16世紀(jì)晚期可視光學(xué)顯微鏡的發(fā)明引入了單細(xì)胞植物和動(dòng)物的未知領(lǐng)域。在二十世紀(jì)，電子顯微鏡提供了對(duì)病毒和微小表面結(jié)構(gòu)的直接觀察?！笨芍峒翱梢?jiàn)光顯微鏡的目的是“從歷史的角度來(lái)看待x射線顯微鏡”故A項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位第二段中“Inrecentyears,however,interestinX-raymicroscopeshasrevived,largelybecauseofadvancessuchasthedevelopmentofnewsourcesofX-rayillumination.Asaresult,thebrightnessavailabletodayismillionsoftimesthatofX-raytubes,which,formostofthecentury,weretheonlyavailablesourcesofsoftX-rays.然而，近年來(lái)，人們對(duì)x射線顯微鏡的興趣又復(fù)活了，這在很大程度上是由于x射線照明新光源等技術(shù)的發(fā)展。結(jié)果，今天可用的亮度是x射線管的數(shù)百萬(wàn)倍，在本世紀(jì)的大部分時(shí)間里，x射線管是唯一可用的軟x射線源?？芍狟項(xiàng)“直到最近，光源才足夠明亮?！闭_，ACD三項(xiàng)都沒(méi)有提及。答案B。

4.判斷推理題。定位最后一段中“Rather,theirspecialpropertieswillmakepossibleinvestigationsthatwillcomplementthoseperformedwithlight-andelectron-basedinstruments.相反，它們的特殊性質(zhì)將使研究成為可能，這將補(bǔ)充那些用光和電子儀器進(jìn)行的研究。可知C項(xiàng)“X射線將提供其他種類的顯微鏡無(wú)法提供的信息?！闭_。

13.單選題

Koizumi'sannualvisitstothenotoriousshrinehavesparkeda_______ofcondemnationandprotestsfromChinaandtheROKbecausetheshrinehonours14Class-Awarcriminals.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.splash

B.flurry

C.particle

D.stain

【答案】B

【解析】splash污點(diǎn);flurry騷動(dòng),慌張,aflurryof—陣……；particle顆粒;stain污點(diǎn),瑕疵。句意：小泉每年都要參拜臭名昭著的神社，引發(fā)了中韓人民的譴責(zé)和抗議，因?yàn)樯裆绻┓钪?4名甲級(jí)戰(zhàn)犯。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

14.單選題

（）youarefamiliarwiththeauthor'sideas,tryreadingallthesectionsasquicklyasyoucan.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Nowthat

B.Sothat

C.Eversince

D.Aslongas

【答案】A

【解析】nowthat既然,由于,引導(dǎo)原因從句；sothat以便,所以；eversince自從...,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；aslongas只要,如果,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：既然你熟悉作者的觀點(diǎn),試著盡快讀完所有的章節(jié)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

15.單選題

Aswecannolongerwaitforthedeliveryofourorder,wehaveto（

）it.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.postpone

B.refuse

C.delay

D.cancel

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)postpone“延遲，延期”；B選項(xiàng)refuse“拒絕，回絕”；C選項(xiàng)delay“延期，推遲”；D選項(xiàng)cancel"取消，撤銷，終止”。as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句，句意是‘因?yàn)椴荒茉俚扔嗀浀乃瓦_(dá)，我們不得不取消訂單?！訢選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

TheUniversityinTransformation,editedbyAustralianfuturistsSohailInayatullahandJenniferGidley,presentssome20highlyvariedoutlooksontomorrow’suniversitiesbywritersrepresentingbothWesternandnon-Westernperspectives.Theiressaysraiseabroadrangeofissues,questioningnearlyeverykeyassumptionwehaveabouthighereducationtoday.

ThemostwidelydiscussedalternativetothetraditionalcampusistheInternetUniversity—avoluntarycommunitytoscholarsandteachersphysicallyscatteredthroughoutacountryoraroundtheworldbutalllinkedincyberspace.Acomputerizeduniversitycouldhavemanyadvantages,suchaseasyscheduling,efficientdeliveryoflecturestothousandsorevenmillionsofstudentsatonce,andreadyaccessforstudentseverywheretotheresourcesofalltheworld’sgreatlibraries.

YettheInternetUniversityposesdangers,too.Forexample,alineoffranchisedcourseware，producedbyafewsuperstarteachers，marketedunderthebrandnameofafamousinstitution,andheavilyadvertised,mighteventuallycometodominatetheglobaleducationmarket,warnssociologyprofessorPeterManicasoftheUniversityofHawaiiatManoa.Besidesenforcingarigidlystandardizedcurriculum,sucha“collegeeducationinabox”couldunderselltheofferingsofmanytraditionalbrickandmortarinstitutions,effectivelydrivingthemoutofbusinessandthrowingthousandsofcareeracademicsoutofwork,noteAustraliancommunicationsprofessorsDavidRooneyandGregHearn.

Ontheotherhand,whileglobalconnectivityseemshighlylikelytoplaysomesignificantroleinfuturehighereducation，thatdoesnotmeangreateruniformityincoursecontent—orotherdangerswillnecessarilyfollow.Counter-movementsarealsoatwork.

Manyinacademia,includingscholarscontributingtothisvolume,arequestioningthefundamentalmissionofunivers