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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-常州工學院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Everycountryandculture,whetherit’sasancientasIndiaorasyoungastheCzechRepublic,hasahistorythatwillgreatlyaffectboththemarketandthemarketer.Amarketthathasbeenheavilyexploitedinthepastbyforeignerswillturnapredictablyskepticaleyetowardanyoverseascompanyseekingnewsalesterritory.Itmayevenrefuseproductsthatcouldgreatlybenefitthesociety.Understandingthathistorywillenableamarketertoapproachthecultureinamoresubtlemanner,anditwillcertainlycauseanadjustmentofschedule.Ontheotherend,aculturethathasbeenmarkedbyindependenceforsometimewillhavefewfearsofforeignoperationsandmayfindthesubtleapproachfartoolacklusterandslow.

Marketersmaybringtheirownbusinesstotheprocessandshouldtakecaretoseparatethemselves,atleastemotionally,fromtheirpersonalandculturalhistory.Oftentimes,thisincludesracialprejudicesthataredifficulttoshake,earlierpoliticaldisagreementsthathaveneverbeenfullysettled,ofoldunhealedwarwounds.

Let’slookattheraceissuefirst.CompanieswithCaucasianmarketingpersonnelreturningtopost-apartheidSouthAfricaaregenerallyplaguedwithafeelingthattheyowesomethingtothenewblackmajoritygovernment.It’sacompletelyself-generateddebtasthegovernmentis,inreality,overjoyedthatinvestmenthasreturnedafterthelongembargo.However,thisjoydoesn’tpreventSouthAfricacompaniesfromtakingadvantageofcounterparts’guiltfeelingswhenit’stimetocutadeal.

Onthepoliticalfront,therelationship,betweenVietnamandtheUnitedStatesisaprimeexampleoftwosetsofmarketersmisinterpretingeachother’shistoryandculturewhenitcametimetodobusiness.Followinginthewakeofthebloodytwo-decadewarthatendedin1975,theUnitedStatesandVietnamfinallyreopenedtradein1994.TheVietnameseassumedthatAmericanbusinesscommunitywouldheapinvestmentonthemtomakeupforpastwrong,whiletheAmericanthoughttheywouldbewelcomedasthesaviorsofVietnam’sflounderingeconomy.MostofAmerica’smarketerssenttoVietnamweresmallchildrenduringthewar,andtheconflicthadlittlebearingontheirlives.Vietnam’sdecisionmakersontheotherhandwereprimarilyveteransoftheconflictandsawitasthekeyelementoftherelationship.Neithersidepaidattentiontotheother’sviewofhistorynortheresultshavebeendecidedlydisappointingforalmosteveryone.

1.Thepassagemainlydiscussesthat().

2.Itisadvisableforamarketerto().

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

4.TheCaucasianexampleindicatesthat().

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

問題1選項

A.culturaldifferencesforcecompaniestoadjustschedule

B.marketingsuccessandfailurearemuchlikehistory

C.developingcountriesarehostiletodevelopedcountries

D.thehistoryofacountryorcultureinfluencesthemarket

問題2選項

A.understandthehistoryofacountryorculture

B.exploitthemarketwithgreateffort

C.keepaskepticaleyeonoverseascompanies

D.slowdownforeignoperations

問題3選項

A.Marketeersshouldberesponsiblefortheburdensofthepast.

B.Marketeersshouldseparatethemselvesfromtheirpersonalandculturalhistory.

C.Marketeersshoulddisagreeonracialprejudices.

D.Marketeersshouldtakecareofthewoundedinthewar.

問題4選項

A.SouthAfricansareplaguedwithaguiltyfeeling

B.SouthAfricansareoverlovedwiththeoverseasinvestment

C.SouthAfricansowedebtstoCaucasiancompany

D.SouthAfricancompaniestakeadvantageoftheircounterpart’sguiltyfeelings

問題5選項

A.ThefailureofthereopenedtradebetweenAmericanandVietnamshouldbetakenasalesson.

B.TheVietnamesetakeitforgrantedthattheAmericanbusinesscommunitywillinvestmoneyinVietnamtomakeupforpastwrongs.

C.TherelationshipbetweenVietnamandtheUSisagoodexampleofforgettingthepast.

D.Misinterpretinghistoryandcultureleadstobusinessfailure.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文開頭“Everycountryandculture,whetherit’sasancientasIndiaorasyoungastheCzechRepublic,hasahistorythatwillgreatlyaffectboththemarketandthemarketer.每個國家和文化,無論是像印度一樣古老還是像捷克共和國一樣年輕,都有一段對市場和營銷人員都有巨大影響的歷史。并且文中列舉了兩個例子來論證一個國家的文化或歷史會影響市場。故D項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段“Understandingthathistorywillenableamarketertoapproachthecultureinamoresubtlemanner,anditwillcertainlycauseanadjustmentofschedule.了解歷史可以使營銷人員以一種更微妙的方式接近文化,這肯定會導致對日程表的調整?!笨芍倘肆私庖粋€國家的文化或歷史很重要。故A項正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第二段“Marketersmaybringtheirownbusinesstotheprocessandshouldtakecaretoseparatethemselves,atleastemotionally,fromtheirpersonalandculturalhistory.營銷人員可能會把他們自己的業(yè)務帶入到這個過程中,他們應該注意把自己與他們的個人和文化歷史分開,至少在情感上是這樣?!笨芍狟項“市場營銷人員應該把自己與個人和文化歷史分開?!闭_。

4.推理判斷題。由第三段“However,thisjoydoesn’tpreventSouthAfricacompaniesfromtakingadvantageofcounterparts’guiltfeelingswhenit’stimetocutadeal.然而,這種喜悅并不能阻止南非公司在談判時利用對手的內疚感?!笨芍狣項“南非的公司利用了他們對手的負罪感”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Onthepoliticalfront,therelationship,betweenVietnamandtheUnitedStatesisaprimeexampleoftwosetsofmarketersmisinterpretingeachother’shistoryandculturewhenitcametimetodobusiness.在政治方面,越南和美國之間的關系就是一個典型的例子,兩國商人在做生意的時候會誤解對方的歷史和文化?!币约啊癟heVietnameseassumedthatAmericanbusinesscommunitywouldheapinvestmentonthemtomakeupforpastwrong,越南人認為美國商界會向他們大量投資,以彌補過去的錯誤,”可知ABD三項均正確,C項“越南和美國的關系是一個忘記過去的好例子?!迸c原文不符,越南和美國的關系是由于雙方商人對于對方的歷史和文化的誤解。故答案C。

2.單選題

WhenPrivacyInternational,ahumanrightswatchdoggroup,startedsearchingforthefavoritesforitsannualawardfor“mostinvasivecompany,”threenomineeswerejudgedaspotentiallyeligibleforatrophyfeaturingalace-upshoecrushingahead.FollowUs,anewmobilephonetrackingcompanyinBritain,didn’tgettheboot,butitwassingledoutasarunner-upbecauseitisinthevanguardofemergingcompaniesthatpermitacuriousbosstotrackwanderingworkersinthefieldbystandardcellphonesandcomputers.

Thefear,saysSimonDavies,ofPrivacyInternational,isthattelephonetrackingcouldposeamajorprivacyissueforthefutureastechnologyadvances.Thenumberofmobileemployeeswhoworkoutsidetheofficeisrisingsteadilyandisexpectedtoreachalmost100millioninEuropeby2007.Soit’snosurprisethatprivacyadvocatesandsomeunionsarewarythatthenewtoolscouldbeusedasthedigitalequivalentofroamingsweatshops,withemployeesunderconstantwatch.Inthe18monthssinceFollowUswascreated,thecompanyhassolditsservicestomorethan20,000users,mostlymanagersofsmallbusinesseswhoarelookingforinexpensivealternativestotheGlobalPositionalSystem,accordingtoKevinBrown,thecompany’soperationsdirector.

ButBrownsaid:“Itisnotallaboutkeepinganeyeonpeople.Therearebenefits.Weknowofonecasewherealogisticscompanyimplementedthesolutionafteroneoftheirdriversdiedinhislorryafterhavingaheartattackwhileparkedasleep.Ittookthemtwodaystofindandrecovertheguy.”FollowUsisalreadylayinggroundworktoexpandtoGermany,theNetherlandsandItaly,whereBrownsaidlocalregulationsweremorereceptivethaninFrance,whichinterpretsEuropeanUnionprivacyrulesmorestrictly.Brownsaidthatemployeesmustconsenttobetrackedafterreceivingatelephonetextmessage.Davies,ofPrivacyInternational,takesadimviewofsuchconsent.“It’sabitliketheofferyoucan'trefuse,”hesaid.“It’sagodfathersituation,where,inordertogainemployment,youhavetoacceptunfavorableconditions.”Headvisescompaniestousethetechniqueswithcautionandcandor.“Theruleofthumb,”hesaid,“istomakepeoplewanttouseit,givethemareasonforitandrespectthem.”

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofFollowUs?

2.ComparedwithGlobalPositioningSystem,FollowUsServices(

).

3.Theexampleofadriverwhodiedinhislorryemphasizesthe

ofFollowUs

services.

4.Daviesbelievesthattherequirementforemployeeconsent

).

5.Themainideaofthepassagemaybesummarizedas(

).

問題1選項

A.Itisoneofthefirstcompaniesthatprovidetrackingservices.

B.Ithascausedconsiderableconcernfromhumanrightsgroups.

C.Itischosenasthe“mostinvasivecompany”byPrivacyInternational.

D.Ithasdevelopedanewtechnologytotrackworkersbymobilephone.

問題2選項

A.causemoreprivacyproblem

B.costemployerslessmoney

C.boastgreateraccuracy

D.takelesspeopletooperate

問題3選項

A.inconvenience

B.problem

C.effectiveness

D.necessity

問題4選項

A.mayprotectprivacytoalimitedextent

B.cannotbeeffectivelyimplementedinreality

C.shouldbeusedwithcaution

D.isnotcompatiblewithcompanyrules

問題5選項

A.FollowUs—ANewServicewithProblems

B.FollowUs—RapidSpreadinEurope

C.FollowUs―LatestFashioninTech

D.FollowUs—CrossandBenefits

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的FollowUs,anewmobilephonetrackingcompanyinBritain,didn’tgettheboot,butitwassingledoutasarunner-up(FollowUs是英國一家新成立的移動電話追蹤公司,雖然沒有獲得這一殊榮,但它被選為亞軍)可知FollowUs并沒有獲得冠軍,因此C選項“它被國際隱私組織選為‘最具侵略性的公司’”表示不正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的thecompanyhassolditsservicestomorethan20,000users,mostlymanagersofsmallbusinesseswhoarelookingforinexpensivealternativestotheGlobalPositionalSystem(該公司已經將其服務賣給了20000多個用戶,其中大多數(shù)是小企業(yè)的經理,他們正在尋找全球定位系統(tǒng)的廉價替代品)可知B選項“雇主花費更少的錢”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Therearebenefits.Weknowofonecasewherealogisticscompanyimplementedthesolutionafteroneoftheirdriversdiedinhislorryafterhavingaheartattackwhileparkedasleep.Ittookthemtwodaystofindandrecovertheguy.(這是有好處的。我們知道有一個案例,一家物流公司的一名司機在停車睡覺時心臟病發(fā)作,死在卡車上后實施了這個解決方案。他們花了兩天時間才找到那個人)可知舉例為了說明FollowUs具有好的作用,因此C選項“有效性”符合題意

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Davies,ofPrivacyInternational,takesadimviewofsuchconsent.(國際隱私組織的Davies對這種同意持悲觀態(tài)度)可知B選項“不能在現(xiàn)實中有效實施”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段介紹了FollowUs公司的性質;第二三段介紹了國際隱私組織的Davies對FollowUs公司追蹤系統(tǒng)影響人的隱私的擔憂,以及FollowUs公司運營總監(jiān)Brown對自己公司產品帶來的好處的介紹。因此D選項“FollowUs—使人惱怒但能帶來好處”符合題意。

3.單選題

Thereissomediscrepancybetweenhisexplanationofthetheoryandyours.

問題1選項

A.distinction

B.discredit

C.disparity

D.disjunction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項distinction“區(qū)別”;B選項discredit“懷疑”;C選項disparity“不一致”;D選項disjunction“分離”。句意:他對這個理論的解釋和你的不一致。劃線部分discrepancy是不一致的意思。因此C選項正確。

4.單選題

Theyoungemployeehasa(n)()quality—heistotallyhonest.

問題1選項

A.respectable

B.admirable

C.decent

D.approachable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項respectable“值得尊敬的人;相當數(shù)量的”;B選項admirable“令人欽佩的;極好的;值得贊揚的”;C選項decent“正派的;得體的;相當好的”;D選項approachable“親切友善的;易理解的;可接近的”。句意:這個年輕的雇員有一個……品質——他完全誠實。雖然respectable和admirable都是褒義詞,但均帶有仰視的含義,而本題提及的是一個youngemployee具有的品質,不需要仰視,就用C選項decent修飾足以。

5.單選題

Giving

agincanconveyawealthofmeaningaboutyourappreciationoftheir()andtheimportanceyouplaceupon

therelationship.

問題1選項

A.solidarity

B.priority

C.superiority

D.hospitality

【答案】D

【解析】solidarity指團結;priority指優(yōu)先;superiority指優(yōu)越性;hospitality指好客。句意:送禮物可以表達你對主人好客的感謝以及你對友誼的重視。選項D符合句意。

6.單選題

Thegovernment(

)aheavytaxontobacco,whicharousedoppositionfromthetobaccoindustry.

問題1選項

A.pronounced

B.imposed

C.complied

D.prescribed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項pronounced“發(fā)音,斷言”;B選項imposed“欺騙,把……強加于”;C選項complied“遵照”;D選項prescribed“開(藥)”。句意:政府向煙草()重稅,這引起了煙草行業(yè)的不滿。這里的詞義是要填征收(稅),所以答案選B,固定搭配imposetax“征稅”。

7.單選題

Oncethe____contradictionisgrasped,allproblemswillbereadilysolved.

問題1選項

A.principle

B.principal

C.potential

D.primitive

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.principle原則;本質B.principal主要的

C.potential潛在的D.primitive原始的

【答案】B

【考查點】語義銜接與形近詞辨析

【解題思路】原句語義為“抓住____矛盾,一切問題就迎刃而解?!备鶕?jù)后文“一切問題就迎刃而解”推斷,前文指的是抓住了主要矛盾,B選項principal“主要的”符合原句語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】

A選項principle“原則;本質”,形近詞,與contradiction“矛盾”不搭配;

C選項potential“潛在的”,不符合原句語義銜接;

D選項primitive“原始的”,形近詞,不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】抓住了主要矛盾,一切問題就迎刃而解了。

8.單選題

Ina

fewdaysyou'llbe()byoneof

ourstaffandaskedtocompleteaquickquestionnaire.

問題1選項

A.touched

B.contacted

C.connected

D.associated

【答案】B

【解析】句意:幾天內我們就會有員工聯(lián)系你,讓你做一份調查問卷。touch指觸摸;contact指聯(lián)系,接觸;connect指相連;associate指使...關聯(lián)。選項B正確。

9.單選題

CNBC,thecablebusinessnetwork,andtheNewYorkTimeshavejoinedforcestocreateanallianceagainstacommon_______:RupertMurdoch'sNewsCorp.

問題1選項

A.void

B.foe

C.cockpit

D.gist

【答案】B

【解析】void空間,空虛;foe反對者,敵人,對手;cockpit駕駛員座艙,戰(zhàn)場;gist主旨,要點。句意:有線商業(yè)網絡CNBC(消費者新聞與商業(yè)頻道)和《紐約時報》聯(lián)手創(chuàng)建了一個聯(lián)盟來對抗共同的競爭對手:RupertMurdoch的新聞集團。選項B符合句意。

10.單選題

Theideathathardworkwastobe______distinguishedAmericansfromEuropeanswhoadmiredtheirgentlemenofleisure.

問題1選項

A.inversed

B.esteemed

C.exclaimed

D.hoarded

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項inverse“使倒轉,使顛倒”,B項esteem“尊敬,尊重”,C項exclaim“呼喊,驚叫,大聲叫嚷”,D項hoard“貯藏(錢財或貴重物品),(在某物匱乏時)積斂”。由Europeanswhoadmiredtheirgentlemenofleisure“歐洲人羨慕美國悠閑的紳士”可推理,美國人悠閑,而歐洲人重視努力工作。句意:努力工作是受人尊敬的觀念使美國人和歐洲人區(qū)別開來,歐洲人羨慕他們悠閑的紳士。因此,該題選擇B項正確。

11.單選題

Onaverage,Americankidsages3to13spent29hoursaweekinschool,eighthoursmorethantheydidin1981.Theyalsodidmorehouseholdworkandparticipatedinmoreofsuchorganizedactivitiesassoccerandballet.Involvementinsports,inparticular,rosealmost50%from1981to1997:boysnowspendanaverageoffourhoursaweekplayingsports;girlsloghalfthattime.Allinall,however,children'sleisuretimedroppedfrom40%ofthedayin1981to25%.

"Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危機)thataffectstheirparents,"saysSandraHofferth,whoheadedtherecentstudyofchildren'stimetable.Achiefreason,shesays,isthatmoremothersareworkingoutsidethehome.(Nevertheless,childreninbothdouble-incomeand"malebreadwinner"householdsspentcomparableamountsoftimeinteractingwiththeirparents,19hoursand22hoursrespectively.Incontrast,childrenspentonly9hourswiththeirsinglemothers.)

Allworkandnoplaycouldmakeforsomeverymessed-upkids."Playisthemostpowerfulwayachildexplorestheworldandlearnsabouthimself,"saysT.BerryBrazelton,professoratHarvardMedicalSchool.Unstructuredplayencouragesindependentthinkingandallowstheyoungtonegotiatetheirrelationshipswiththeirpeers,butkidsages3to12spentonly12hoursaweekengagedinit.

Thechildrensampledspentaquarteroftheirrapidlydecreasing"freetime"watchingtelevision.Butthat,believeitornot,wasoneofthefindingsparentsmightregardasgoodnews.Ifthey'respendinglesstimeinfrontoftheTVset,however,kidsaren'treplacingitwithreading.Despiteeffortstogetkidsmoreinterestedinbooks,thechildrenspentjustoveranhouraweekreading.Let'sfaceit,who'sgotthetime?

1.Bymentioning"thesametimecrunch"(Line1,Para.2)SandraHofferthmeans().

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thereasongivenbySandraHofferthforthetimecrunchis().

3.Accordingtotheauthorachilddevelopsbetterif().

4.TheauthorisconcernedaboutthefactthatAmericankids().

5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat().

問題1選項

A.childrenhavelittletimetoplaywiththeirparents

B.childrenarenottakengoodcareofbytheirworkingparents

C.bothparentsandchildrensufferfromlackofleisuretime

D.bothparentsandchildrenhavetroublemanagingtheirtime

問題2選項

A.quiteconvincing

B.partiallytrue

C.ratherconfusing

D.totallygroundless

問題3選項

A.hehasplentyoftimereadingandstudying

B.heislefttoplaywithhispeersinhisownway

C.hehasmoretimeparticipatinginschoolactivities

D.heisfreetointeractwithhisworkingparents

問題4選項

A.areengagedinmoreandmorestructuredactivities

B.areincreasinglyneglectedbytheirworkingmothers

C.arespendingmoreandmoretimewatchingTV

D.areinvolvedlessandlessinhouseholdwork

問題5選項

A.extracurricularactivitiespromotechildren'sintelligence

B.mostchildrenwillturntoreadingwithTVsetsswitchedoff

C.effortstogetkidsinterestedinreadinghavebeenfruitful

D.mostparentsbelievereadingtobebeneficialtochildren

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題干意為:SandraHofferth所說的“thesametimecrunch”是什么意思?根據(jù)題干定位至第二段第一句:Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危機)thataffectstheirparents(時間危機影響孩子,同樣也影響父母)。該句上段主題是:孩子們的休閑時間從40%降到了25%。該句的后文主題是:更多母親在外工作,即與孩子相處的休閑時間也減少了。因此,兩者都面臨的時間危機就是C項“父母和孩子都缺乏休閑時間”。

2.判斷推理題。題干意為:在作者看來,關于時間危機,SandraHofferth所給的原因…。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞SandraHofferth定位至第二段:moremothersareworkingoutsidethehome(更多的母親在外工作)。后面括號內應該是作者的看法:Nevertheless,childreninbothdouble-incomeand"malebreadwinner"householdsspentcomparableamountsoftimeinteractingwiththeirparents,19hoursand22hoursrespectively.Incontrast,childrenspentonly9hourswiththeirsinglemothers(然而,孩子與父母相處的時間分別是:雙親同時工作的為19小時,父親一人工作的為22小時,而單身母親家庭只有9小時)。因此可知,作者不完全支持SandraHofferth的說法。一方面,單身母親和雙親工作的家庭,與孩子相處的時間少于父親一人工作的家庭,即,作者大體同意SandraHofferth的說法。另一方面,作者認為需要根據(jù)不同家庭結構來分析此問題。因此,作者認為SandraHofferth所給的原因是“部分正確”

3.判斷推理題。題干意為:在作者看來,一個孩子在什么情況下會更好地成長?第三段指出了作者認為的玩耍對孩子成長的好處:Unstructuredplayencouragesindependentthinkingandallowstheyoungtonegotiatetheirrelationshipswiththeirpeers...(自由玩耍能鼓勵獨立思考,讓孩子們與他們的同伴協(xié)商他們的關系……)。因此B項“如果讓他和同伴們自由玩耍”正確。

4.判斷推理題。題干意為:作者所關心的事實是美國孩子…。A:參加有組織的活動越來越多。第三段最后一句指出:butkidsages3to12spentonly12hoursaweekengagedinit(但是,3—12歲的孩子一周只花了12小時自由玩耍)。由此可見作者認為孩子自由玩耍的時間越來越少。所以A項所述作者會比較關心。B:上班母親越來越忽視孩子。第二段談及母親上班有影響到孩子的休閑時間,但并不能推測出B項所述,因此排除B項。C:用來看電視的時間越來越多。第四段的確指出:Thechildrensampledspentaquarteroftheirrapidlydecreasing"freetime"watchingtelevision(調查的孩子的休閑時間迅速減少,但是他們花其中四分之一的時間來看電視),但并不能推測出C項所述,因此排除C項。D:做的家務勞動越來越少。第一段指出:Theyalsodidmorehouseholdwork(做的家務勞動越來越少),由此可知,D項所述錯誤。因此本題選A。

5.判斷推理題。題干意為:從文章中,我們能推斷出什么?A:課外活動促進兒童智力發(fā)展。文章并未有所體現(xiàn)。B:如果關掉電視機,多數(shù)孩子會去讀書。最后一段指出:Ifthey’respendinglesstimeinfrontoftheTVset,however,kidsaren’treplacingitwithreading(然而,如果他們花更少的時間看電視,孩子們不會以閱讀來取代看電視)。因此B項錯誤。C:培養(yǎng)孩子們的讀書興趣的努力已經頗有成效。文章最后指出:Despiteeffortstogetkidsmoreinterestedinbooks,thechildrenspentjustoveranhouraweekreading(盡管人們付出努力來培養(yǎng)孩子的讀書興趣,但孩子們一周僅有一個多小時用來讀書)。因此C項錯誤。本題用排除法,可得出答案為D選項“大多數(shù)父母認為閱讀對孩子有益”。

12.單選題

Withaneighty-hourweekandlittleenjoyment,lifemusthavebeenvery____forthenineteenth-centuryfactoryworkers.

問題1選項

A.hostile

B.anxious

C.tedious

D.obscure

【答案】C

【解析】考查上下文語義。A選項hostile“敵對的;懷有敵意的”;B選項anxious“焦慮的;急切的”;C選項tedious“沉悶的,無聊的”;D選項obscure“模糊的,不清楚的”。句意:對于19世紀工廠的工人來說,每周工作80個小時,沒有什么樂趣,這種生活一定很____。從沒有l(wèi)ittleenjoyment“沒什么樂趣”可以看出,這種生活很無聊,C選項最符合句意。因此,本題最佳選項為C。

13.單選題

ManyCanadiansenjoytheluxuryofalargeamountoflivingspace.Canadaisvast,andthehomesarelargeaccordingtothestandardsofmanycounties.Even(1)innercitiesdonotreachtheextremesfoundinotherpartsofworld.

Canadiansappreciatethespaceandvaluetheirprivacy.Sincefamiliesaregenerallysmall,manyCanadianchildrenenjoytheluxuryoftheirownbedroom.Havingmorethanonebathroominahouseisalsoconsideredamodern(2).

ManyroomsinCanadianhomeshavespecializedfunctions.“Familyrooms”arepopularfeaturesinmodernhouses:theseare(3)“l(fā)ivingrooms”sincemanylivingroomshavebecomereservedforentertaining.Somehomeshaveformalandinformaldiningareas(4).

Recreationalhomesarealsopopular(5)Canadians.SomeCanadiansownsummerhomes,cottages,orcamps.Thesemay(6)fromasmallone-roomcabintoaluxuriousbuildingthatrivalsthecomfortsoftheregularresidence.Somecottagesarewinterizedforyear-rounduse.Cottagesofferpeoplethechanceto“getawayfromitall.”Theyaresopopularthatsummerweekendtrafficjamsarecommon,especiallyinlargecitiessuchasToronto,wherethenumberofpeopleleavingtownonFridaynightandreturningSundaymight(7)thehighwaysforhours.

Sometimes,livinginCanadameansnotonlyhavingprivacy,butalsobeingisolated.Mobilityhasbecomeapartofmodernlife:peopleoftendonotliveinoneplacelongenoughto(8)toknowtheirneighbors.Tenantslivetheirownlivesintheirapartmentsortownhouses.Eveninprivateresidentialareaswherethereissome(9)neighborhoodlifeisnotasclose-knitasitoncewas.Thereseemstobe(10)ofacommunalspirit.Lifetodayissohecticthatthereisoftenlittletime.

問題1選項

A.spacious

B.crowded

C.remote

D.deserted

問題2選項

A.convenience

B.comfort

C.architecture

D.taste

問題3選項

A.incommon

B.inparticular

C.inchief

D.infact

問題4選項

A.either

B.aswell

C.inturn

D.instead

問題5選項

A.to

B.in

C.with

D.for

問題6選項

A.transform

B.convert

C.range

D.shift

問題7選項

A.blocks

B.halts

C.cutsoff

D.keepsoff

問題8選項

A.become

B.come

C.get

D.grow

問題9選項

A.stability

B.mobility

C.reality

D.tranquility

問題10選項

A.bit

B.much

C.more

D.less

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:D

【解析】1.考查上下文語義。A選項spacious“寬敞的,廣闊的;無邊無際的”;B選項crowded“擁擠的;塞滿的”;C選項remote“遙遠的;偏僻的;疏遠的”;D選項deserted“荒蕪的;被遺棄的;無人居住的”。通過上下文可知文章是要強調加拿大家庭房屋面積很大,由此可推斷這里要表達的意思是“即使是最擁擠的市中心……”,因此B選項正確。

2.考查名詞辨析。A選項convenience“便利;廁所;便利的事物”;B選項comfort“安慰;舒適;安慰者”;C選項architecture“建筑學;建筑風格;建筑式樣;架構”;D選項taste“味道;品味;審美”。句意:房子里有不止一個浴室也被認為是一種現(xiàn)代便利。因此A選項正確。

3.考查短語辨析。A選項incommon“共同的;共有的”;B選項inparticular“尤其,特別”;C選項inchief“主要地,尤其;在首席地位”;D選項infact“事實上,實際上”。句意:“Familyroom”是當代房屋的一個流行特色,這種房間實際上就是起居室,因為許多起居室都是用來招待客人的。因此D選項正確。

4.考查邏輯關系。A選項either“(兩者中的)任何一個;(兩者中的)每個;(用于否定句表示兩者)都不”;B選項aswell“也;同樣地;還不如;此外”;C選項inturn“反過來;轉而;輪流,依次”;D選項instead“代替;反而;相反”。句意:一些家庭也有正式和非正式的用餐區(qū)。結合上文可知該句是對前文意義的遞進,表示“另外,還有”,因此B選項正確。

5.考查固定搭配。bepopularwith“受……的歡迎”。句意:娛樂住宅也很受加拿大人的歡迎。因此C選項正確。

6.考查固定搭配。A選項transform“變換,改變;轉化”;B選項convert“轉變,變換;皈依;改變信仰”;C選項range“變動;平行,列為一行;延伸;漫游;射程達到”;D選項shift“轉移;快速移動;變換;改變觀點;推卸(責任)”。根據(jù)固定搭配rangefrom...to...“從……到……(不等);范圍從……到……”可知句意為:這些可能從一個小的單間木屋到一個豪華的建筑,其舒適程度可以與普通住宅相媲美。因此C選項正確。

7.考查上下文語義。A選項block“阻止;阻塞;限制;封蓋”;B選項halt“(使)停止,(使)立定;突然停下;完全停止”;C選項cutoff“切斷;中斷;使死亡;剝奪繼承權”;D選項keepoff“避開;讓開;防止”。句意:周五晚上離開城鎮(zhèn),周日返回的人數(shù)可能會阻塞高速公路幾個小時。根據(jù)前文的trafficjams“交通擁堵”可知該處應填與之相對應的動詞,因此A選項正確。

8.考查上下文語義。getto“開始”;cometo“達到,共計”。由上下文可知這里要表達的意思是“人們常常居住時間很短,還沒開始認識鄰居就搬走了”,因此C選項正確。

9.考查上下文語義。A選項stability“穩(wěn)定性;堅定,恒心”;B選項mobility“移動性;機動性;遷移率”;C選項reality“現(xiàn)實;實際;真實”;D選項tranquility“寧靜;平靜”。前文講到由于人們經常搬家或租房子住,鄰里之間不是很熟悉,此處“even”表遞進,即,即使在相對穩(wěn)定的私人住宅區(qū),鄰里關系也不再像以前那樣緊密。stability與上文提到的mobility相對應。因此A選項正確。

10.考查上下文語義。A選項bit“很小的;微不足道的”;B選項much“大量的”;C選項more“更多的;附加的”;D選項less“等級較低的;次要的”。通過后面一句話Lifetodayissohecticthatthereisoftenlittletime(如今生活非常緊張忙碌,通常沒有什么閑余時間)可以推斷由于沒人花時間處理鄰里關系,現(xiàn)在的團體精神更少了。belessof“比……少;少于”。因此D選項正確。

14.單選題

It’squiteobviousthattheagingpopulationinChinawillcause(

)heavypressureon(

)wholesocietyinthefuture.

問題1選項

A.a;a

B.the;/

C.a;the

D./;the

【答案】D

【解析】考查冠詞用法。第一個空格后是pressure“壓力”,為不可數(shù)名詞,句中并不特指“壓力”,因此無須使用冠詞;第二空后的是wholesociety“整個社會”,應用定冠詞the。因此D選項符合題意。

15.單選題

Thereare,asyet,novegetationtypesorecosystemswhosestudyhasbeen(

)totheextentthattheynolonger(

)ecologists.

問題1選項

A.perfected...hinder

B.erest

C.prolonged...necessitate

D.vetoed...challenge

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析。A選項perfect“使完美”;hinder“隱藏,藏起來”;B選項exhaust“排出,耗盡”;interest“引起的興趣”;C選項prolong“延長,拖延”;necessitate“使成為必需”;D選項vote“投票”;challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”。根據(jù)句意‘然而由于一些植被類型或者生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的研究已經很完善了,它們不再需要專家?!疉選項正確。

16.單選題

Althoughthecolonists(

)tosomeextentwiththenativeAmericans,theIndiansinfluenceonAmericancultureandlanguagewasnotextensive.

問題1選項

A.migrated

B.matched

C.mingled

D.melted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。migrate“移居,使移植”;match“匹配”;mingle“混合,交往”;melt“融化”。句意:盡管殖民地居民在很大程度上與當?shù)孛绹嘶祀s而居,但是印第安人對美國文化和語言的影響比較少。選項C符合題意。

17.單選題

Themachineneedsacomplete()sinceithasbeeninuseforovertenyears.

問題1選項

A.amending

B.fitting

C.mending

D.renovating

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項amending(amend的現(xiàn)在分詞形式)“修改”;B選項fitting“配件,安裝”;C選項mending“修補”;D選項renovating“更新,修補”。根據(jù)句意可知,這個機器用了十幾年,應該是需要修理,所以首先排除選項A和選項B;C選項mending多指修理機器,D選項多指翻新房屋建筑等,所以選項C更恰當。

18.單選題

Changingfromsolidtoliquidwatertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis()producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

問題1選項

A.absorption

B.consumption

C.transition

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。absorption“吸收”;consumption“消費,消耗”;transition“過渡;轉變”;interaction“相互作用”。前半句提到“從固態(tài)變成液態(tài),水需要吸收它周圍所有物質的熱量”,因此空格處表示的就是“吸收(熱量)”這個過程,選項A符合題意。

19.單選題

Japan'sproductivityhasovertakenAmericaninsomemanufacturingindustries,butelsewheretheUnitedStateshad()itslead.

問題1選項

A.takenup

B.broughtup

C.clungto

D.restedon

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。takeup“占據(jù);開始從事”;bringup“提出;教育”;clingto“堅持;緊握不放”;reston“依靠;停留在”。前半句提到“在一些制造業(yè),日本的生產力已經超過了美國”,根據(jù)表轉折的并列連詞but可知后半句講述的是“美國在其他領域依然處于領先地位”。因此選項C符合題意。

20.單選題

Persistentbullyingisoneoftheworstexperiencesachildcanface.Howcanitbeprevented?PeterSmith,ProfessorofPsychologyattheUniversityofSheffield,directedtheSheffieldAnti-BullyingInterventionProject,fundedbytheDepartmentforEducation.

Herethereportsonhisfindings.

SectionA

Bullyingcantakeavarietyofforms,fromtheverbal—beingtauntedorcalledhurtfulnames—tothephysical—beingkickedorshoved—aswellasindirectforms,suchasbeingexcludedfromsocialgroups.AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.

SectionB

Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide,thoughthisisthankfullyrare.Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperiencedifficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults,whilechildrenwhopersistentlybullyaremorelikelytogrowuptobephysicallyviolent,andconvictedofanti-socialoffences.

SectionC

Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.Fortunatelymoreschoolsarenowsaying:“Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.”

SectionD

Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.Forexample,theScottishCouncilforResearchinEducationproducedapackageofmaterials,ActionAgainstBullying,circulatedtoallschoolsinEnglandandWalesaswella

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