考研考博-英語-川南幼兒師范高等專科學?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-川南幼兒師范高等?？茖W?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Hesaidthatendingtheagreementwould（

）thefutureofsmallorfamily-runshops,leadtofewerbooksbeingpublishedandincreasepricesofallbutafewbestsellers.

問題1選項

A.venture

B.expose

C.jeopardize

D.legalize

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。venture“冒險”；expose“揭露，揭發(fā)”；jeopardize“損害”；legalize“使合法化”。句意：他說，終止協(xié)議不利于小型或家庭式經(jīng)營書店未來的發(fā)展，那樣會減少圖書出版量，而且會提高除部分暢銷書以外全部圖書的價格。由leadto…可知是導致不好的結果，故空格處要填貶義詞，答案C

2.單選題

Thosewho’veheardofZaneGreyusuallyidentifyhimastheauthorofbest-sellingwesterns,butfewrealizethathewasthecommerciallymostsuccessfulAmericanauthorofthe1920s.Eachyearfrom1915to1924,hehadanewnovelontheannuallistoftop-10bestsellers.RidersofthePurpleSage,TheLightofWesternStars,andTheRainbowTrailarestillpopular,butGrey’sbeststorymaybehisowncolorfulandremarkablylittle-knownlife.

ZaneGreywasborninZanesville,Ohio.Greyrecalledhisownyouthasfullofrelentlessconflictswithhisstern,demandingfather,afarmer’ssonwhohadbecomeasuccessfuldentistinZanesville.Grey’sdelinquencyandpoorrecordinschoolexacerbatedmatters.Then,midwaythroughhisjunioryear,hehadtodropoutofhighschooltohelphisfatherwhosuddenlybecamepoorbypullingteethforneedylocals.

Fordiversion,Greyplayedbaseball--withenoughtalenttoearnscholarshipstoseveraluniversities.HechosetheUniversityofPennsylvanianotonlyforitsaccomplishedteam,butalsoforitsdentalschool,whichofferedhimimmediateadmission,sparinghimthetoughundergraduateprogram.Aftergraduation,heconcentratedmoreonbaseballthandentistry,hopingtoreachthemajorleagues,buttonoavail.Heretreatedtoafull-timepracticeinNewYorkCity,butquicklydiscoveredthatwritingaboutancestorswhoselivesweremoredistinguishedandexcitingthanhiswaspreferabletocopingwithdecayedteethandbadbreath.

Duringasummerescapein1900toruralLackawaxenontheupperDelawareRiver,hemetLina“Dolly”Roth,11yearsyounger,aNewYorkdoctor’sdaughterwhoenthusiasticallysupportedhisyearningtobecomeawriter.Aftertheirmarriagein1905,hersubstantialinheritanceenabledhimtoquitdentistryandwritefulltime.Theircross-countryhoneymoontripcarriedthemtotheGrandCanyonatthedawnofitstouristappeal.Greywascaptivatedbythecanyon’snaturalsplendor.Hewouldreturntheretwicemoreformountain-lionhunts，whichinspiredHeritageoftheDesert,hisfirstwesternstory,publishedin1910whenhewas38.Forthenext15years,hereturnedannuallytotheSouthwesttofindnewmaterialformorebooks.

1.Asawriter,ZaneGrey（）.

2.Inhischildhood,ZaneGrey（）.

3.Beforeenteringuniversity,ZaneGrey（）.

4.Aftergraduatingfromuniversity,ZaneGreywenttoNewYorkand（）.

5.ZaneGreywasabletowritefulltimemainlybecause（）.

6.ItcanbelearnedthatZaneGrey’sfirstwesternstory（）.

問題1選項

A.isstillpopularatthepresenttime

B.isbestknownforhisgloriouslife

C.wrotemuchofhisuniquegrowth

D.showedhispotentialatanearlyage

問題2選項

A.livedaliferathereasyandcarefree

B.wasamongthosetameschoolboys

C.wasinbadtermswithhisfather

D.tookaspecialinterestindentistry

問題3選項

A.playedinaprofessionalbaseballteam

B.showedthegreatpotentialforbaseball

C.triedhardtoapplyforascholarship

D.begantolearnundergraduatesubjects

問題4選項

A.wroteabouthisfrustrations

B.playedinthemajorleagues

C.becameafull-timebaseballplayer

D.foundhisrealinterest

問題5選項

A.hehadearnedalotofmoneyfromdentistry

B.hiswifeagreedtoworktosupportthefamily

C.hiswifebackedhimupwithagreatfortune

D.hehadrealizedthehugevaluetobeawriter

問題6選項

A.wasmotivatedbyhistripstotheGrandCanyon

B.wasbasedonhiscross-countrytripwithhiswife

C.depictedhistripstotheSouthwestpartoftheU.S.

D.describedhisannualtripformountain-lionhunts

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段提到ZaneGrey的三本書至今非常受歡迎，由此可知他本人現(xiàn)在也是非常有名，選項A符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段第二句話提到Grey回憶起自己的青年時代，他與苛刻的父親經(jīng)常發(fā)生沖突（Greyrecalledhisownyouthasfullofrelentlessconflictswithhisstem,demandingfather），由此可知選項C符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。文章第三段提到他在棒球上有很大的天賦，并以此獲得幾所大學的獎學金（Fordiversion,Greyplayedbaseball--withenoughtalenttoearnscholarshipstoseveraluniversities），因此選項B符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。文章第三段提到畢業(yè)后，他更專注于棒球而不是牙科，希望能進入大聯(lián)盟，但是沒有成功。他到紐約做全職牙醫(yī)，但是隨后他發(fā)現(xiàn)寫作比對付齲齒和口臭要好得多（butquicklydiscoveredthatwritingaboutancestorswhoselivesweremoredistinguishedandexcitingthanhiswaspreferabletocopingwithdecayedteethandbadbreath），所以選項D符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。文章最后一段提到Grey的妻子繼承了可觀的遺產(chǎn)，讓他能全職寫作（Aftertheirmarriagein1905,hersubstantialinheritanceenabledhimtoquitdentistryandwritefulltime），因此選項C符合題意。

6.判斷推理題。文章最后一段提到他們?nèi)ゴ髰{谷度蜜月，被峽谷的自然美景迷住，Grey兩次回到那里，這激發(fā)了他的創(chuàng)作靈感，創(chuàng)作了第一部小說。因此選項A符合題意。

3.單選題

Duringadolescence,thedevelopmentof,politicalideologybecomesapparentintheindividualideologyhereisdefinedasthepresenceofroughlyconsistentattitudes,moreorlessorganizedinreferencetoamoreencompassing,thoughperhapstacit,setofgeneralprinciples.Assuch,politicalideologyisdimorabsentatthebeginningofadolescence.Itsacquisitionbytheadolescent,ineventhemostmodestsense,requirestheacquisitionofrelativelysophisticatedcognitiveskills:theabilitytomanageabstractness,tosynthesizeandgeneralize,toimaginethefuture.Theseareaccompaniedbyasteadyadvanceintheabilitytounderstandprinciples.

Thechild’rapidacquisitionofpoliticalknowledgealsopromotesthegrowthofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence.Byknowledge,Imeanmorethanthedreary"facts",suchasthecompositionofcountygovernmentthatthechildisexposedtointheconventionalninth-gradecivicscourse.NordoImeanonlyinformationoncurrentpoliticalrealities.Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent'sabsorption,oftenunwittingly,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundof,understanding,forexample,whatthestatecan“appropriately”demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe“proper”relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.Thus,politicalknowledgeistheawarenessofsocialassumptionsandrelationshipsaswellasofobjectivefactsmuchofthenativethatcharacterizedtheyoungeradolescent'sgraspofpoliticsstemsnotfrom.Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutanignoranceof"facts",butfromanincompletecomprehensionofthecommonconventionsofthesystem,ofwhatisandisnotcustomarilydone,andofhowandwhyitisorisnotdone.

YetIdonotwanttooveremphasizethesignificanceofincreasedpoliticalknowledgeinformingadolescentideology.OvertheyearsIhavebecomeprogressivelydisenchantedaboutthecentralityofsuchknowledgeandhavecometobelievethatmuchcurrentworkinpolitical-socialization,byrelyingtooheavilyonitsapparentacquisition,hasbeenmisledaboutthetempoofpoliticalunderstandinginadolescence.Justasyoungchildrencancountnumbersinserieswithoutgraspingtheprincipleofordination,youngadolescentsmayhaveintheirheadsmanyrandombitsofpoliticalinformationwithoutasecureunderstandingofthoseconceptsthatwouldgiveorderandmeaningtotheinformation.

Likemagpies,children'smindspickupbitsandpiecesofdatA.Ifyouencouragethem,theywilldroptheseatyourfeet-republicansandDemocrats,thetripartitedivisionofthefederalsystem,perhapseventhecapitalofMassachusetts.Butuntiltheadolescenthasgraspedtheintegumentaryfunctionthatconceptsandprinciplesprovide,thedataremainfragmented,random,disordered.

86.Theauthorsprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcontributestothedevelopmentofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence?

3.Theauthorusestheterm"commongroundofunderstanding"(ParA.2)toreferto（）.

4.Thepassagesuggeststhat,duringearlyadolescence,achildwouldfindwhichofthefollowingmostdifficulttounderstand?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutschools?

問題1選項

A.clarifythekindsofunderstandinganadolescentmusthaveinordertodevelopapoliticalideology.

B.disputethetheorythatapoliticalideologycanbeacquiredduringadolescence

C.explainwhyadolescentsaregenerallyuninterestedinpoliticalargument

D.suggestvariousmeansofencouragingadolescentstodeveloppersonalpoliticalideologies

問題2選項

A.Consciousrecognitionbytheadolescentofhisorherownnaivete

B.Thoroughcomprehensionoftheconceptofordination

C.Evaluationbytheadolescentofthegeneralprinciplesencompassinghisorherspecificpoliticalideas.

D.Intuitiveunderstandingofrelationshipsamongvariouscomponentsofsociety

問題3選項

A.familiarlegislationregardingpoliticalactivity

B.theexperiencesthatalladolescentsshare

C.asociety'sgeneralsenseofitsownpoliticalactivity

D.asociety'swillingnesstoresolvepoliticaltensions

問題4選項

A.Abookchroniclingthewaysinwhichthepresidentialinaugurationceremonyhaschangedovertheyears.

B.AnessayinwhichanincidentinBritishhistoryisusedtoexplainthesystemofmonarchicsuccession

C.Asummaryoftherespectiveresponsibilitiesofthelegislative,executive,andjudicialbranchesofgovernment.

D.Adebateinwhichtheparticipantsargue,respectively,thatthefederalgovernmentshouldorshouldnotsupportprivateschools.

問題5選項

A.Theyshouldpresentpoliticalinformationaccordingtocarefullyplannedandschematicarrangements

B.Theythemselvesconstitutepartofageneralsociopoliticalsystemthatadolescentsarelearningtounderstand.

C.Iftheytointroducepoeticalsubjectmatterintheprimarygrades,studentswouldunderstandcurrentpoliticalrealitiesatanearlierage

D.Theyareineffectualtothedegreethattheydisregardadolescents'politicalnaivete

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干大意詢問作者想要通過本文表達什么。讀完原文可知，文章討論的主要是青少年階段政治觀念的形成，從不同的方面論述了政治觀念形成所必需的幾種認知技能。作者先后對politicalideology和politicalknowledge進行了界定。第三段中提及許多研究過分依賴后者（政治知識）的獲得，指出這是不正確的做法，A項翻譯為“必須要澄清理解青少年的方式，以便提出一種政治上的觀念”。該選項符合題意，正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文第二段第四句“Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent'sabsorption,oftenunwittingly,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundofunderstanding.”，中文翻譯為：這些都是知識的方面，但它們比青少年吸收（通常是無意間吸收）許多關于政治制度的潛移默化的想法要重要得多，這些假設構成了理解共識?！癴orexample,whatthestatecan“appropriately”demandofitscitizens,andviceversa，orthe“proper”relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.”中文翻譯為：例如，國家可以“適當?shù)亍币蠊袷裁矗粗嗳?，或者政府與附屬社會機構如學校和教會的“適當”關系?！币约啊癟hus,politicalknowledgeistheawarenessofsocialassumptionsandrelationshipsaswellasofobjectivefactsmuchofthenativethatcharacterizedtheyoungeradolescent'sgraspofpoliticsstemsnotfrom.”，中文翻譯為：因此，政治知識是對社會假設和關系的認識，也是對客觀事實的認識。因此，綜合得知，D項正確。

3.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)題干中關鍵短語“commongroundofunderstanding”可以定位到原文第二段后這一短語后的舉例“forexample,whatthestatecan“appropriately”demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe“proper”relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.”，中文翻譯為：例如，國家可以“適當?shù)亍币蠊袷裁?，反之亦然，或者政府與附屬社會機構如學校和教會的“適當”關系。以及后文的意思可知，“理解共識”指的就是社會對諸如國家和公民之間相互的正當需求、政府與社會機構之間的正常關系等在理解上的一種認識。因此，最佳答案為C項。

4.推理判斷題。原文第一段談及政治意識形態(tài)在青春期之初是模糊或缺失的。由題干可以定位到原文第三段中“Justasyoungchildrencancountnumbersinserieswithoutgraspingtheprincipleofordination,youngadolescentsmayhaveintheirheadsmanyrandombitsofpoliticalinformationwithoutasecureunderstandingofthoseconceptsthatwouldgiveorderandmeaningtotheinformation.”，中文翻譯為：如小孩子在不掌握排序原則的情況下可以數(shù)數(shù)一樣，青少年在頭腦中可能有許多隨機的政治信息，而沒有安全地理解那些能給信息帶來秩序和意義的概念。以及原文第四段中“Butuntiltheadolescenthasgraspedtheintegumentaryfunctionthatconceptsandprinciplesprovide,thedataremainfragmented,random,disordered.”中文翻譯為：但在青少年掌握了概念和原則所提供的整體功能之前，數(shù)據(jù)仍然是零碎的、隨機的、無序的?！笨梢缘贸鯠項（中文含義：一場辯論，參與者分別認為聯(lián)邦政府應該支持私立學校，或不應該支持私立學校）是青少年比較難理解的。

5.推理判斷題。首先，根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文第二段第四句，將學校和教會作為組成政治體系的一個例子；然后，在該段第五、六句指出，青少年幼稚的政治知識源自對這一政治體系的不完全理解。由此可以推知，作者認為學校本身就是社會政治體系中的組成部分，學生從中可以學會理解這一體系，因此，B項正確。

4.單選題

Foreigndisinvestmentandthe（

）ofSouthAfricafromworldcapital

marketsafter1985furtherweakeneditseconomy.

問題1選項

A.displacement

B.elimination

C.exclusion

D.exception

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:1985以后，外資撤資以及世界資本市場的（

）使南非經(jīng)濟進一步削弱。displacement代替;Elimination剔除,消除，消滅;Exclusion排斥;Exception例外。

5.單選題

Itwasbynomeanseasytoworkforapresidentwhodemandedsecuritybeyondwhatwasreally（）.

問題1選項

A.calledfor

B.calledforth

C.calledup

D.calledat

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項callfor“要求、提倡”；B選項callforth“喚起、鼓起”；C選項callup“召集、征召”；D選項callat“訪問、拜訪”，句意為：在這樣一位要求安全措施超出實際要求的總統(tǒng)手下工作絕非易事。callfor“要求、提倡”符合題意，因此選A。

6.單選題

Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoice,wewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity.Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren’tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspacesandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecountry.Buthowrealisticisthedream?

Citiescanbefrighteningplaces.Themajorityofthepopulationliveinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal.Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappearwhenyoulivefifteenfloorsup.Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats.Childrenbecomeaggressiveandnervous—coopedupathomeallday,withnowheretoplay;theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld.Strangelyenough,whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofonestreetallkneweachother,nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon’tevensayhellotoeachother.

Countrylife,ontheotherhand,differsfromthiskindofisolatedexistenceinthatasenseofcommunitygenerallybindstheinhabitantsofsmallvillagestogether.Peoplehavetheadvantageofknowingthatthereisalwayssomeonetoturntowhentheyneedhelp.Butcountrylifehasdisadvantagestoo.Whileitistruethatyoumaybeamongfriendsinavillage,itisalsotruethatyouarecutofffromtheexcitingandimportanteventsthattakeplaceincities.There’slittlepossibilityofgoingtoanewshoworthelatestmovie.Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothe—nearestlargetown.Thecity-dwellerwholeavesforthecountryisoftenoppressedbyasenseofunbearablestillnessandquiet.

What,then,istheanswer?Thecountryhastheadvantageofpeaceandquiet,butsuffersfromthedisadvantageofbeingcutoff;thecitybreedsafeelingofisolation,andconstantnoisebattersthesenses.Butoneofitsmainadvantagesisthatyouareatthecenterofthings,andthatlifedoesn’tcometoanendathalf-pastnineatnight.Somepeoplehavefound(orratherbought)acompromisebetweenthetwo:theyhaveexpressedtheirpreferenceforthe“quietlife”bymovingtovillageswithincommutingdistanceoflargecities.Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind——theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangeandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages.

Whatthenofmydreamsofleaningonacottagegateandmurmuring“morning”tothelocalsastheypassby.I’mkeenontheidea,butyouseethere’smycat.Toby.I’mnotatallsurethathewouldtaketoallthatfreshairandexerciseinthelonggrass.Imean,canyouseehimmixingwithall(hoseheartymalesdownthefarm?No,hewouldratherhavetheelectricimitation-coalfireanyevening.

1.Wegettheimpressionfromthefirstparagraphthattheauthor（

）.

2.Intheauthor’sopinion,thefollowingmaycausecitypeopletobeunhappyEXCEPT（

）.

3.ThepassageimpliesthatitiseasytobuythefollowingthingsinthecountryEXCEPT

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribesthosepeoplewhoworkinlargecitiesandliveinvillages?

問題1選項

A.usedtoliveinthecountry

B.usedtoworkinthecity

C.worksinthecity

D.livesinthecountry

問題2選項

A.astrongsenseoffear

B.lackofcommunication

C.housingconditions

D.asenseofisolation

問題3選項

A.dailynecessities

B.freshfruits

C.designerclothes

D.freshvegetables

問題4選項

A.Original

B.Quiet

C.Arrogant

D.Insensitive

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“從第一段中我們可以得知作者……”。文章第一段第二句話提到“我成功說服自己，如果不是因為我的工作，我會立刻去往空曠的地方，回到某個靜謐的村莊，回到大自然中”（Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren’tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspacesandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecountry），由此我們可以知道作者的工作是在城市，選項C符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“作者認為下列哪項不是讓城里人不開始的原因”。文章第二段最后一句話提到“過去住一條街上的人都相互認識，而現(xiàn)在住在高樓大廈同一層樓的人彼此都不打招呼”（Strangelyenough,whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofonestreetallkneweachother,nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon’tevensayhellotoeachother），由此可知選項B是其中一個原因，排除；文章第二段第二句提到“大多數(shù)人住在又吵，又臟，又沒人情味的高樓里”（Themajorityofthepopulationliveinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal），由此可知選項C“居住環(huán)境”也是其中一個原因，排除；第二段第三句提到“如果你住15樓以上，你會失去集體感”（Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappearwhenyoulivefifteenfloorsup），由此可知選項D“孤獨感”也是其中一個原因，排除。綜上，選項A不是其中的原因，符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“文章暗示買一些東西很容易，除了……”。文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句提到“去商店買東西成了主要問題，只要稍微特殊點的商品你就得去很遠的城市去買”（Shoppingbecomesamajorproblem,andforanythingslightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoonanexpeditiontothe—nearestlargetown），選項C“定制衣服”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪個形容詞用來描述那些住在鄉(xiāng)村，在城里工作的人”。文章倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第一句提到“他們通常和他們留下的塑料花一樣敏感——被關于改變和改進的奇怪想法所浸染，并把這些想法強加給村里不情愿的原始居民”（Theygenerallyhaveaboutasmuchsensitivityastheplasticflowerstheyleavebehind——theyarepollutedwithstrangeideasaboutchangeandimprovementwhichtheyforceontotheunwillingoriginalinhabitantsofthevillages），選項C“傲慢的”符合題意。

7.單選題

Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork（

）,wedeclinedtheoffer.

問題1選項

A.wasnotfinished

B.hasnotbeenfinished

C.didnotfinish

D.nothavingbeenfinished

【答案】D

【解析】考查獨立主格。offersb.alift表示“讓某人搭便車”。but做原因狀語，當狀語的邏輯主語（ourwork）和句子的主語不一致時，需要用獨立主格結構。獨立主格結構是由名詞或者代詞+非謂語動詞構成，故空格處應為非謂語動詞，因此選D。句意：沃爾特在離開辦公室時讓我們搭便車，但我們的工作還沒有完成，我們拒絕了他的提議。

8.單選題

Fredhasa(n)（）kindofhumorthatcanonlybeappreciatedbythosewillingtosearchbeneaththesurface.

問題1選項

A.obvious

B.hidden

C.subtle

D.controlled

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:obvious“明顯的；顯著的；平淡無奇的”；B:hidden“隱藏的”；C:subtle“微妙的；細微的”；D:controlled“受控制的；受約束的”。句意：那些愿意了解深層意思的人才會欣賞到Fred的微妙幽默。結合此處語義，C為正確答案。

9.單選題

Youdon'thavetoinstallthisradioinyournewcar,it'san（）extra.

問題1選項

A.excessive

B.optional

C.additional

D.arbitrary

【答案】B

【解析】句意:你不必在你的新車上安裝這個收音機，它是一個可選的附加設備。

考查形容詞辨析。excessive過多的；過分的；optional可選擇的：隨意的；additional附加的；額外的：arbitrary武斷的；專制的。由前半句句意“你不必在你的新車上安裝這個收音機”可知，B項正確。

10.單選題

Language,cultureandpersonalitymaybeconsidered（

）ofeachotherIthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.

問題1選項

A.indistinctly

B.separately

C.irrelevantly

D.independently

【答案】D

【解析】考察副詞詞義辨析。indistinctly“不清楚地，模糊地”；separately“分開地，與from”；irrelevantly“不恰當?shù)?，不相關地”;independently“獨立地，分開地”。句意：語言、文化、性格彼此都是獨立的，實際上他們之間密不可分。選項D符合題意。

11.單選題

Inbusinessto-businessmarkets,salesofsomesoftwareproductslanguishbecausenotenoughindependentsoftwarevendorswriteapplications.

問題1選項

A.advertise

B.last

C.decline

D.dominate

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.advertise（為……）做廣告；登廣告B.last持續(xù)

C.decline減少；下降D.dominate支配；控制

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關鍵信息becausenotenoughindependentsoftwarevendorswriteapplications（由于沒有足夠多的獨立軟件供應商編寫應用程序）可推知，salesofsomesoftwareproductslanguish指的是軟件產(chǎn)品的銷量下降，languish在句中表示“下降”，C項詞義與之相近，故該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D項不符合劃線單詞詞義。

【句意】在企業(yè)對企業(yè)的市場中，由于沒有足夠多的獨立軟件供應商編寫應用程序，一些軟件產(chǎn)品的銷售受到影響。

12.單選題

Thecarinfront____suddenlyatthetrafficlight.

問題1選項

A.pulledin

B.pulledinto

C.pulledup

D.pulledthrough

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.pulledin停下B.pulledinto駛入……后停下，如進站、進車庫等

C.pulledup慢慢停下D.pulledthrough渡過難關

【答案】A

【考查點】詞組辨析

【解題思路】空格處所填的內(nèi)容，受副詞suddenly“突然地”修飾，并且主語為“前面的車”，后文為“在紅綠燈處”，參考選項推斷原句表達的句意為“前面的車在紅綠燈那突然停下”。因此，A選項“停下”符合原句句意。

【干擾項排除】

B選項pulledinto側重于指駛入某處后停下，如進站、進車庫等，與“在紅綠燈處”矛盾；

C選項pulledup側重于指慢慢停下，與suddenly“突然地”矛盾；

D選項pulledthrough“渡過難關”，不符合原句句意。

【句意】前面的車在紅綠燈那突然停下。

13.翻譯題

MarketsinstocksandcommoditiesformavitalpartoftheAmericaneconomicsystem.Millionsofindividualsbuyandsellsmalllotsofstocksandcommoditieswhilemutualfundsandtruststradeinlargelots.Ingoodtimes,whenitappearsthatpriceswillrise,moneyfromsavingsorfromothertypesofinvestmentcomesintomarket.Whenthishappens,pricesaredrivenhigher.Oftenaperiodofspeculationfollowsinwhichthe“bull”,thosewhomakemoneyonarisingmarket,areintheascendancy.Whenthemarketcannolongersustainthespeculativefever,areactionsetsin,sellingdevelops,andpricesbegintofall.Atthispointthe“bears”,orthosewhomakemoneyinafallingmarket,arefortunate.Americansbuyalmosteverythingoncredit,andstocksarenoexception.Usuallyaninvestorcanmakeastockpurchasebypaying50percentdownandgettingaloanontheremainder.Thisiscalled“margin”of50percent.Thebalanceisborrowedfromthebrokerageassecurity.

【答案】股票和期貨市場構成了美國經(jīng)濟系統(tǒng)中的一個重要環(huán)節(jié)。數(shù)以百萬計的個人買賣少量的股票和期貨，而進行大量共同基金和信托的交易。在景氣時期，當價格上漲時，儲蓄資金或其他類型的投資資金就會進入市場。當這種情況發(fā)生時，價格就會被推高。通常接下來會有一段時間的投機買賣，在這段時間里，趁市場行情上漲而賺錢的“多頭”占了上風。當市場不再持續(xù)投機熱，就會出現(xiàn)拋售反應，價格開始下跌。在這一點上，“看跌者”或那些在市場行情下跌中賺錢的人是幸運的。美國人幾乎什么都是賒購，股票也不例外。通常情況下，投資者可以先付50%的首付，剩下的部分再貸款購買股票。這叫做用50%的“定金”來購買股票。投資人向經(jīng)紀行借差額，把股票存放在經(jīng)紀行里作抵押。

14.單選題

TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheU.S.economy,accordingtoanewreportfromtheHudsonInstitute,apublicpolicyresearchorganization.Currently,manyolderexperiencedworkersretireatanearlyage.Accordingtotherecentlyissuedstatistics,79percentofqualifiedworkersbegincollectingretirementbenefitsatage62;ifthattrendcontinues,therewillbealaborshortagethatwillhindertheeconomicgrowthinthetwenty-firstcentury.

OlderAmericansconstituteanincreasingproportionofthepopulation,accordingtotheU.S.CensusBureau,andthepopulationofthoseoverage65willgrowby60%between2001and2020.Duringthesameperiod,thegroupaged18to44willincreasebyonly4%.Keepingolderskilledworkersemployed,evenparttime,wouldincreaseU.S.economicoutputandstrengthenthetaxbase;butwithoutsignificantpolicyreforms,massiveearlyretirementamongbabyboomersseemsmorelikely.

Retirementatage62isaneconomicallyrationaldecisiontoday.SocialSecurityandMedicaidearningslimitsandtaxpenaltiessubjectourmostexperiencedworkerstomarginaltaxratesashighas67%.SocialSecurityformulasencourageearlyretirement.Althoughincomesusuallyrisewithadditionalyearsofwork,anypayincreasesafterthe35-yearmarkresultinhighersocialSecuritytaxesbutonlysmallincreasesinbenefits.

HudsonInstituteresearchersbelievethatfederaltaxandbenefitpoliciesareatfaultandreformsareurgentlyneeded,buttheydisagreewiththepopularproposalthatmucholderAmericanswillhavetoworkbecauseSocialSecuritywillnotsupportthemandthatbabyboomersarenotsavingenoughforretirement.Accordingtotheincreasein401(k)andKeoghretirementplans,theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet,andthelikelihoodoflargeinheritance,thereisevidencethatbabyboomerswillreach65withgreaterfinancialassetsthanpreviousgenerations.

TheHudsonInstituteadvocatesreforminggovernmentpoliciesthatnowdiscourageworkandsavings,especiallyforolderworker.Amongthereport'srecommendations:TaxhalfofallSocialSecuritybenefits,regardlessofotherincome,provide8%largerbenefitsforeachyearbeyond65;andpermitworkersnearingretirementtonegotiatecompensationpackagesthatmayincludealowersalarybutwithgreaterhealthcarebenefits.However,it,maytakerealandfruitfulplanningtofindtherightsolutiontotheearlyretirementofolderexperiencedworkers;anymeasurestakenmustbeallowedtoprolongtheserviceabilityofolderexperiencedworkers.

1.AccordingtoHudsonInstituteresearcher,theeffectoftheearlyretirementofqualifiedworkersintheUSeconomyis（

）.

2.TheolderexperiencedworkersinAmericatendtoretireearlybecausetheirprolongedservicemay（

）.

3.Thesecondparagraphiswrittenchieflytoshowthat（

）.

4.Theword"hinder”inthelastsentenceofParagraph1refersto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

問題1選項

A.constructive

B.significant

C.inconclusive

D.detrimental

問題2選項

A.doharmtoyoungergenerations

B.endupwithfewornobenefits

C.give-playtotheirpotentials

D.shedlightonsocialtrends

問題3選項

A.therewillbeanacutelaborshortageinthenearfuture

B.baby-boomerscontributemuchtotheUSeconomicoutput

C.governmentpoliciesconcerningolderpeopleareoutdated

D.olderworkersareenthusiasticaboutcollectingsocialbenefits

問題4選項

A.help

B.prevent

C.promote

D.drag

問題5選項

A.Somegovernmentpoliciesatpresentdiscourageworkandsavings

B.Seniorcitizensoccupythelargestpercentageofthepopulationnow.

C.Incomeseldomriseswithadditionalyearsofwork.

D.TheHudsonInstitutebelongstotheGovernmentAdministrations

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目所問的是“根據(jù)哈德遜研究所研究報道，在美國經(jīng)濟中有經(jīng)驗的合格工作人員提前退休的影響是什么？”文章第一段第一句話提到“有經(jīng)驗的工作人員提前退休嚴重損害了美國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展”(TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheU.S.economy)。因此，選項D符合題意。constructive“建設性的”；significant“重大的，有效的”；inconclusive“不確定的”；detrimental“有害的”。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目所問的是“年齡大的經(jīng)驗工人往往會提前退休是因為他們的長期服務可以會怎么樣？”文章第三段最后一句提到“盡管隨工作年限增長工資會增加，但是他們所繳納的稅也會增加，所獲得的利潤變少”（Althoughincomesusuallyrisewithadditionalyearsofwork,anypayincreasesafterthe35-yearmarkresultinhighersocialSecuritytaxesbutonlysmallincreasesinbenefits）。因此，選項B“獲得很少甚至沒有好處”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目所問的是“第二段主要是為了表明什么？”第二段作者通過對比老年人（65歲）和青壯年（11-44歲）的人口增長率，分別是60%和4%，說明美國社會勞動力的短缺。選項A“在不久的將來勞動力將會急劇短缺”符合題意。

4.詞義題。題目所問的是“‘hinder’的意思是什么？”hinder出現(xiàn)的句子是there