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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東科技大學(xué)泰山科技學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
TheLawtoKeeptheOilIndustryunderControlTheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised);andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers.
Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblems,andfewpeoplebelievethatthegovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.
AsonNorwegianpoliticiansaidlastweek“Wewillsoonbechangedbeyondallrecognition.”
Eversincethewar,theGovernmenthasbeencarryingoutaprogrammeofdevelopmentintheareanorthoftheArcticCircle.Duringthepastfewyearsthisprogrammehashadagreatdealofsuccess:Tromsohasbeenbuiltupintoalocalcapitalwithauniversity,alargehospitalandahealthyindustry.Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.
Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.Somesmallerindustriesmightevendisappearaltogetherwhenitbecomescheapertobuygoodsfromabroad.
TherealargumentoveroilisitsthreattotheNorwegianwayoflife.Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.
Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.
1.TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto______.
2.TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto______.
3.Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto_____.
4.Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe______.
5.Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause______.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers
B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopment
C.selltheoilitisproducingabroad
D.developmorequicklythanatpresent
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsources
B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway
C.heldtheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblems
D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsize
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.thedevelopmentofindustry
B.agrowthinpopulation
C.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogramme
D.thedevelopmentofnewtowns
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.alargereductiononunemployment
B.agrowthinthetouristindustry
C.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustries
D.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustries
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianideal
B.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianideal
C.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansociety
D.theyregardoffasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflife
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:C
第5題:B
【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto____.挪威政府更傾向于石油工業(yè)____。
A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers.A.為外國工人提供更多的工作機(jī)會
B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopmentB.減緩其發(fā)展速度
C.selltheoilitisproducingabroadC.把它生產(chǎn)的石油賣到國外去
D.developmorequicklythanatpresentD.比現(xiàn)在發(fā)展得更快
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞oilindustry可定位到Para.1第一句,該處講到“挪威政府正在盡最大努力控制石油工業(yè)(undercontrol)”,又提到“一項(xiàng)新法律(Anewlawlimits)將勘探范圍限制在長海岸線南端以南的地區(qū);已經(jīng)制定了生產(chǎn)限制;石油公司也不允許雇傭超過有限數(shù)量的外國工人”??芍拗剖凸I(yè)的發(fā)展。比對選項(xiàng),B選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“為外國工人提供更多的工作機(jī)會”,文中第一段最后提到石油公司雇傭外國工人的數(shù)量不得超過限定數(shù)量,即減少雇傭工人數(shù)量。這里屬于反向干擾;
C選項(xiàng)“把它生產(chǎn)的石油賣到國外去”,屬于無中生有;
D選項(xiàng)“比現(xiàn)在發(fā)展得更快”,文中說到要限制石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展,D選項(xiàng)與文章相反,屬于反向干擾。
2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto____.挪威政府已努力去____。
A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsourcesA.鼓勵石油公司發(fā)現(xiàn)新的石油資源
B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway
B.禁止石油公司雇傭挪威北部人
C.heldtheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblemsC.控制石油公司解決它們的許多問題
D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsizeD.使石油工業(yè)保持在接近目前規(guī)模的水平
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.2第一句,該處講到“很少有人相信政府能夠長期阻止事態(tài)發(fā)展”,結(jié)合第一段第一句“挪威政府正在盡最大努力控制石油工業(yè)”可知政府在控制石油工業(yè)發(fā)展,努力維持石油工業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀。比對選項(xiàng),D選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“鼓勵石油公司發(fā)現(xiàn)新的石油資源”,而文中說新的法律限制人們只能在長長的海岸線南端以南地區(qū)進(jìn)行勘探,也就是限制人們發(fā)現(xiàn)新資源,A選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
B選項(xiàng)“禁止石油公司雇傭挪威北部人”,文中說到石油工業(yè)已經(jīng)開始吸引人們前往南方但并沒有說禁止雇傭北部人,B選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;
C選項(xiàng)“控制石油公司解決它們的許多問題”,但文中提到的是石油工業(yè)解決問題,屬于張冠李戴。
3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto____.根據(jù)這篇文章,石油工業(yè)可能會導(dǎo)致挪威北部____。
A.thedevelopmentofindustryA.工業(yè)的發(fā)展
B.agrowthinpopulationB.人口的增長
C.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogrammeC.發(fā)展計(jì)劃的失敗
D.thedevelopmentofnewtownsD.新市鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.4最后一句,該處講到“不出幾年,整個北方政策就可能毀于一旦”。比對選項(xiàng),C選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)的發(fā)展”,文中說到“一些小的工業(yè)甚至?xí)В⊿omesmallerindustriesmightevendisappear)”屬于反向干擾;
B選項(xiàng)“人口的增長”,文中說到“石油工業(yè)吸引人們前往南方(startedtodrawpeoplesouth)”也就是說北部人口會減少。B選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
D選項(xiàng)“新市鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展”,北部人口跑到南方北方應(yīng)該不會有新城鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展,反而是南方可能有新城鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展,這屬于無中生有。
4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe____.在南方,石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展可能產(chǎn)生的影響是____。
A.alargereductiononunemploymentA.失業(yè)率大幅下降
B.agrowthinthetouristindustryB.旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展
C.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustriesC.現(xiàn)有工業(yè)數(shù)量的減少
D.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustriesD.發(fā)展一批服務(wù)業(yè)
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】倒數(shù)第三段第一句提到“然而,石油工業(yè)的影響不會局限于北方”即可知本段在描寫石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展對南方帶來的影響,根據(jù)題干信息可定位到倒數(shù)第三段最后一句,該處講到“一些較小的工業(yè)甚至可能完全消失”。換言之,這些原本存在的小工業(yè)會減少。比對選項(xiàng),C選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“失業(yè)率大幅下降”,根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第二句“在就業(yè)率接近100%的情況下(Withnearly100percentemployment),每個人都可以看到服務(wù)行業(yè)和旅游業(yè)的大部分工人將會跑到石油工業(yè)去?!笨芍恼f到1.就業(yè)率接近100%;2.服務(wù)業(yè)和旅游業(yè)的從業(yè)人員會流向石油業(yè),無法推斷出失業(yè)率大幅下降,屬于無中生有;
B選項(xiàng)“旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展”,根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第二句“服務(wù)行業(yè)和旅游業(yè)的大部分工人將會跑到石油工業(yè)去?!笨芍糜螛I(yè)不會發(fā)展,B選項(xiàng)反向干擾;
D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)展一批服務(wù)業(yè)”,也是根據(jù)原文中人們發(fā)展石油工業(yè)導(dǎo)致從事服務(wù)和旅游的人減少,不會發(fā)展一批服務(wù)業(yè),D選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。
5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause____.挪威的農(nóng)民和漁民有重要的影響,因?yàn)開___。
A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianidealA.他們構(gòu)成了挪威人理想的很大一部分
B.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianidealB.他們的生活和價值觀代表了挪威人的理想
C.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansocietyC.他們的工作對挪威社會很有幫助
D.theyregardoffasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflifeD.他們認(rèn)為這是對挪威人生活方式的威脅
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干farmers和fishermen可定位到倒數(shù)第二段第二句,該處講到“挪威人在他們身上看到了許多他們自豪地認(rèn)為是挪威人本質(zhì)上的品質(zhì)?!北娝苤餐霓r(nóng)業(yè)和漁業(yè)發(fā)展歷史悠久,農(nóng)民和漁民是挪威的代表。比對選項(xiàng),B選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“他們構(gòu)成了挪威人理想的很大一部分”,并不是說挪威人的理想是漁民和農(nóng)民,而是說漁民和農(nóng)民的生活和價值觀代表了他們的理想,A選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念;
C選項(xiàng)“他們的工作對挪威社會很有幫助”,文中只是說石油的發(fā)展阻礙了漁業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展,并沒有說他們?yōu)槭裁粗匾珻選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;
D選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為這是對挪威人生活方式的威脅”,但是文中說的是“關(guān)于石油的真正爭論是它對挪威人生活方式的威脅”。對生活有威脅的是石油并不是farmers和fishermen。這里屬于張冠李戴。
2.單選題
Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience.()theword‘a(chǎn)mateur’doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunity.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Nevertheless
B.Then
C.Besides
D.Asaresult
【答案】A
【解析】考查副詞和詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)nevertheless“然而,不過”;B選項(xiàng)then“然后;于是”;C選項(xiàng)besides“此外;而且”;D選項(xiàng)asaresult“結(jié)果;因此”。句意:在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域,專業(yè)人士和業(yè)余愛好者之間劃不出涇渭分明的界線。然而,“業(yè)余”一詞的確意味著相關(guān)人員不能充分融入職業(yè)科學(xué)界。由題干中的“doescarryaconnotation確實(shí)暗示著”可知與前面存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
3.單選題
Thefirestartedonthefirstfloorofthehospital______wereelderlyandweak.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.manyofitspatients
B.manyofwhichpatients
C.manypatientsofwhom
D.manyofwhosepatients
【答案】D
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:大火從醫(yī)院的一樓開始蔓延,在一樓有許多年老體弱的病人。橫線到句尾部分是修飾firstfloor的定語從句,patients和firstfloor是所屬關(guān)系,用引導(dǎo)詞whose,D選項(xiàng)manyofwhosepatients符合題意。A選項(xiàng)中its不是引導(dǎo)詞,不引導(dǎo)從句;B選項(xiàng)中which不表示所屬關(guān)系;C選項(xiàng)中whom用在先行詞是人的情況。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
4.單選題
Recently,oneofmybestfriendsJennie,withwhomIhavesharedjustabouteverythingsincethefirstdayofkindergarten,spenttheweekendwithme.SinceImovedtoanewtownseveralyearsago,wehavebothalwayslookedforwardtothefewtimesayearwhenweseeeachother.
Overtheweekend,wespenthoursandhours,stayinguplateintothenight,talkingaboutthepeopleshewashangingaroundwith.Shestartedtellingmestoriesabouthernewboyfriend,abouthowheexperimentedwithdrugsandwasintootherself-destructivebehavior.Iwasblownaway!Shetoldmehowshehadbeenlyingtoherparentsaboutwhereshewasgoingandevenstealingouttoseethisguybecausetheydidn’twantheraroundhim.NomatterhowhardItriedtotellherthatshedeservedbetter,shedidn’tbelieveme.Herself-respectseemedtohavedisappeared.
ItriedtoconvinceherthatshewasrunningherfutureandheadingforbigtroubleIfeltlikeIwasgettingnowhere.Ijustcouldn’tbelievethatshereallythoughtitwasacceptabletohangwithabunchoflosers,especiallyherboyfriend.
Bythetimesheleft,Iwasreallyworriedaboutherandexhaustedbytheexperience.IthadbeensofrustratingthatIhadcomeclosetotellingherseveraltimesduringtheweekendthatmaybewehadjustgrowntoofaraparttocontinueourfriendship,butIdidn’t.Iputthepoweroffriendshiptotheultimatetest.We’vebeenfriendsforfartoolong.IhadtohopethatshevaluedmeenoughtoknowthatIwastryingtosaveherfromhurtingherself.Iwantedtobelievethatourfriendshipcouldconqueranything.
Afewdayslater,shecalledtosaythatshehadthoughtlongandhardaboutourconversation,andthenshetoldmethatshehadbrokenupwithherboyfriend.Ijustlistenedontheotherendofthephonewithtearsofjoyrunningdownmyface.Itwasoneofthetrulyrewardingmomentsinmylife.NeverhadIbeensoproudofafriend.
1.WhatwordbestsumsupJennie’sboyfriend?
2.WhatwastheattitudeofJennie’sparentstowardsherrelationshipwithherboyfriend?
3.HowdidtheauthorreacttoJennie’srelationshipwithherboyfriend?
4.HowdidtheauthorfeelwhenJennietoldhershehadbrokenupwithherboyfriend?
5.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyinthispassage?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Aloser.
B.Adruguser
C.Atroublemaker
D.criminal
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Theywereratertolerant.
B.Theydidnotallowhertocontinueit.
C.Theywereindifferenttoit.
D.Theythoughttheirdaughterdeservedabetterfriend.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.ShewasveryangrywithJennieforchoosingsuchafriend.
B.ShethreatenedtobreakupwithJennieifheradvicewasignored.
C.ShewasovercomewithpridethatJennietoldheraboutherboyfriend.
D.ShetriedherbesttodissuadeJenniefromcontinuing.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Shefeltrelieved.
B.Shefeltexhausted.
C.Shefeltfrustratedandangry.
D.Shefelthappyandproud.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Drugscandestroyinnocentyoungpeople.
B.Youngpeopleshouldbecarefulinchoosingtheirfriends.
C.Parentsshouldtakegoodcareoftheirchildren.
D.Thepoweroftruefriendshipcanconqueranything.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:D
第5題:D
【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問:哪個單詞完美總結(jié)了Jennie的男朋友?A選項(xiàng)“一個失敗者”,定位到第二段Shestartedtellingmestoriesabouthernewboyfriend,abouthowheexperimentedwithdrugsandwasintootherself-destructivebehavior(她的男友不僅吸毒而且有其他自殘的行為)。第三段作者還說Ijustcouldn’tbelievethatshereallythoughtitwasacceptabletohangwithabunchoflosers,especiallyherboyfriend.(我只是不敢相信她真的認(rèn)為和一群廢柴在一起是可以接受的,尤其是她的男朋友。)也就是說珍妮的男友是位失敗者,A選項(xiàng)最佳總結(jié)了她的男朋友。B選項(xiàng)“一個吸毒者”,C選項(xiàng)“一個惹是生非的人”,D選項(xiàng)“一個罪犯”。
2.判斷推理題。題干問:Jennie的父母是如何看待她和男友這段感情的?B選項(xiàng)“他們不允許她繼續(xù)和他在一起”,定位到第二段Shetoldmehowshehadbeenlyingtoherparentsaboutwhereshewasgoingandevenstealingouttoseethisguybecausetheydidn’twantheraroundhim.(她一直在向父母撒謊她要去哪里,甚至偷偷溜出去見那個男人,因?yàn)樗麄儾幌M谒磉叄┮虼宋覀兛梢缘贸鏊母改甘遣煌馑退谝黄鸬?,答案為B。A選項(xiàng)“他們非常寬容”,C選項(xiàng)“他們對這個并不關(guān)心”,D選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為他們的女兒值得更好的”。
3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問:作者對于Jennie和她男朋友的這段感情是怎么看的?D選項(xiàng)“她盡自己的最大努力去勸Jennie分手”,作者在第二段抱怨說NomatterhowhardItriedtotellherthatshedeservedbetter,shedidn’tbelieveme.(不管我怎么努力告訴她她值得更好的,她都不相信我)。在第三段又說Itriedtoconvinceherthatshewasruiningherfutureandheadingforbigtrouble(我試圖讓她相信,她正在毀掉自己的未來,惹上大麻煩),也就是說作者一直想辦法勸阻珍妮不要繼續(xù)和她的男友來往了,答案為D。A選項(xiàng)“她對于Jennie選擇了一個這樣的男朋友感到很生氣”,B選項(xiàng)“她威脅說,如果珍妮不聽她的勸告,她就要同珍妮絕交”,C選項(xiàng)“她對于Jennie告訴她自己有男朋友而感到很驕傲”。
4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問:作者對于Jennie和她男朋友分手是怎么看待的?D選項(xiàng)“她感到高興并驕傲”;定位到最后一段Ijustlistenedontheotherendofthephonewithtearsofjoyrunningdownmyface.(我只是在電話的另一端聽著,喜極而泣。)證明作者得知這個消息之后又開心又激動,答案為D。A選項(xiàng)“她感到松了一口氣”,B選項(xiàng)“她感到精疲力竭”,C選項(xiàng)“她感到沮喪并且生氣”。
5.歸納概括題。題干問:作者寫這篇文章是為了傳遞什么信息呢?D選項(xiàng)“真摯的友誼可以戰(zhàn)勝一切”;從全文來看,珍妮和作者有著十分深厚的友誼,她們彼此都十分信任。而珍妮最近交上一位男友,這位男友不僅吸毒而且還有其他的自殘行為——這讓作者十分不安,希望珍妮立刻斷絕她和這位男友的來往。但一開始珍妮并沒有接受她的規(guī)勸,所以作者感到十分沮喪。作者只能以她們的深厚友誼為賭注,希望珍妮能相信作者是在盡力拯救她,希望她們的友誼能幫助她們克服一切困難。最終珍妮經(jīng)過長時間的痛苦的思考,終于醒悟過來,和那位男友斷絕了關(guān)系,擺脫了困境,因此答案為D。A選項(xiàng)“毒品可以摧毀無辜的年輕人”,B選項(xiàng)“年輕人在挑選伴侶時應(yīng)該小心”,C選項(xiàng)“家長應(yīng)該照顧關(guān)心他們的孩子”都不能完全概括整篇文章的意義。
5.單選題
Therehasnotbeenagreatresponsetothesale,()?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.doesthere
B.hasn’tthere
C.hasn’tit
D.hasthere
【答案】D
【解析】考查反義疑問句。含有therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的反義疑問句,如果陳述部分為therebe結(jié)構(gòu)時,則疑問部分用be(not)there。例如:Thereisnotmuchnews,isthere?本題用的是therebe句型的完成時的否定形式,所以反義疑問句要用到完成時的肯定形式,即hasthere?句意:這次銷售反響不太好,對吧?綜上所述,本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。
6.單選題
Someoftheoldcustomshavecontinued()politenessalthoughtheyarenolongerthoughtaboutnow.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.inthewayof
B.intheeyesof
C.inthefaceof
D.intheformof
【答案】D
【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)inthewayof“妨礙、在……方面”;B選項(xiàng)intheeyesof“在……心目中、從……來看”;C選項(xiàng)inthefaceof“面對、不顧”;D選項(xiàng)intheformof“以……的形式”,句意為:有些舊習(xí)俗以禮貌的形式繼續(xù)存在著,盡管它們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再被人想到了。intheformof“以……的形式”符合題意,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
7.單選題
Anewlydevelopedrobotthatcanshowitsemotionsbysmilingorfrowningmayonedayhelpcomputeruserstalkasquicklyandeasilytomachine______withotherpeople.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.suchastheynowtalk
B.liketheynowtalk
C.asmuchastheynowdo
D.astheynowdo
【答案】D
【解析】考查比較級。在as...as...引導(dǎo)的同級比較中,第一個as為副詞,第二個as為連詞其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:as+adj./adv.+as。根據(jù)quicklyandeasily可知選D。句意:一種新開發(fā)的機(jī)器人可以通過微笑或皺眉頭來表達(dá)自己的情感,也許有一天它能幫助計(jì)算機(jī)用戶像現(xiàn)在一樣快速、方便地與機(jī)器交流。
8.單選題
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Minor
B.Moderate.
C.Intense.
D.Severe.
【答案】A
【解析】10.M:Howstrongisthepainexactly?Onascaleof1to10,howwouldyoudescribetheintensityofthepain?
W:I’dsaythepainisaboutoneonascaleof1to10.LikeIsay,it’snotreallybad.Itjustkeepscomingback.
Q:Whichofthefollowingwouldbestdescribethewoman’spain?
【試題答案】A
【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為:以下哪個最能準(zhǔn)確描述這個女士的傷痛?由文中“I’dsaythepainisaboutoneonascaleof1to10.LikeIsay,it’snotreallybad.(我想說痛感是1到10等級的第一級。就像我說的,并不算很痛)”,可知A選項(xiàng)“Minor(輕度)”符合原文。B選項(xiàng)“中等的”;C選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)烈的”;D選項(xiàng)“劇烈的”不符合原文。
9.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.
WhileitistruethatAmericansbelievethatclimbingtheeducationalladderleadstosuccess,theyarelesscertainthatintellectualachievement,whichisthemainpurposeoftheschools,istheonlyimportantfactorleadingtosuccess.Acompetitive-evenaggressive-personalityisseenasimportanttosuccess,especiallyinmen.Thedevelopmentofsocialandpoliticalskillsarealsoconsideredtobeveryimportant.
TohelpAmericanstodeveloptheseotherimportantskills,schoolshaveaddedalargenumberofextracurricularactivitiestodailylifeatschool.Thisisespeciallytrueofhighschoolsandcollegesbutextendsdownintoelementaryschoolsaswell.
Athletics,frequentlycalled"competitivesports",areperhapsthemostimportantoftheseactivities.Football,basketball,andbaseballteamsareseenasveryimportantinstudents,particularlyboys,the"winningspirit".Attimes,athleticteamsseemtobecomemoreimportanttosomestudentsandtheirparentsthanacademicprogramsofferedbytheschools.
【答案】盡管美國人的確認(rèn)為教育是通向成功的階梯,但他們并不確定,作為學(xué)校教育主要目的的知識成就是通向成功的唯一重要因素。人們認(rèn)為爭強(qiáng)好勝甚至帶有侵略性的個性,對取得成功很重要,特別是對男人而言。社交能力和政治技能的培養(yǎng)也非常重要。
為了幫助美國人培養(yǎng)這些另外的重要技能,學(xué)校在日常生活中增加了大量課外活動。高中和大學(xué)尤其如此,而且也延伸到了小學(xué)。
田徑運(yùn)動,常被稱為“競技體育”,可能是這些活動中最重要的。足球、籃球和棒球隊(duì)對學(xué)生,尤其是男生來說,被視為非常重要的“求勝精神”。有時,對于一些學(xué)生和家長來說,運(yùn)動隊(duì)似乎比學(xué)校提供的學(xué)術(shù)課程更為重要。
10.翻譯題
Man,saidAristotle,isasocialanimal.Thissociabilityrequirespeacefulcongregation,andthehistoryofmankindismainlyamovementthroughtimeofhumancollectivitiesthatrangefrommigranttribalbandstolargeandcomplexcivilizations.Survivalhasbeenduetotheabilitytocreatethemeansbywhichmeningroupsretaintheirunityandallegiancetooneanother.
Orderwascausedbytheneedanddesiretosurvivethechallengeoftheenvironment.Thisorderlyconditioncalledthe“state”,andtherulesthatmaintainedit,the“l(fā)aw”.Withtimethepartnertothistranquility,manmarchedacrossthecenturiesofhisevolutiontothebrinkofexploringtheboundariesofhisowngalaxy.Ofalllivingorganisms,onlymanhasthecapacitytointerprethisownevolutionasprogress.Associallifechanged,theworthandrightsofeachmemberinthelargergroup,ofwhichhewasapart,increased.Asthegroupsgrewfromclanstocivilizations,thevalueoftheindividualdidnotdiminish,butbecameinsteadaguidetotherulesthatgovernallmen.
【答案】亞里士多德說過,人是一種社會性動物。這種社會性要求人類和平的聚集,而人類歷史主要是人類集體跨越時間的運(yùn)動,從遷徙的部落到大而復(fù)雜的文明。人類能夠生存下來是因?yàn)橛袆?chuàng)造各種手段的能力,通過這些手段,群體中的人們能夠保持團(tuán)結(jié)以及對彼此的忠誠。
在環(huán)境的挑戰(zhàn)中生存下來的需要和渴望帶來了秩序。這種有序的狀態(tài)叫作“國家”,而維持這種狀態(tài)的規(guī)則叫作“法律”。隨著時間平靜地流逝,人類走過了幾個世紀(jì)的進(jìn)化歷程,即將探索自身群體的邊界。在所有的生物中,只有人類有能力把自身的演變解釋為進(jìn)步。隨著社會生活的變化,大群體中每個成員的價值和權(quán)力都在增加。隨著群體從氏族發(fā)展到文明,個人的價值并沒有減少,而是變成了統(tǒng)治所有人的規(guī)則指南。
11.單選題
OnOctober11th,1994,JohnForbesNash,Jr.wontheNobelPrizeforpioneeringworkingametheory.
NashbeganhisPh.D.atPrincetonin1948whenhewasjust20.Whilehewasstillonly21,liewrotea27doctoraldissertationongametheory(博弈論)——themathematicsofcompetition.ThegreatJohnvonNeuman,thenatPrinceton,hadtreatedwin-losecompetitions.NowNashshowedhowtoconstructmathematicalsituationsinwhichbothsideswon.Hefoundstablesituationswherenopersoncontinuestoprofitfromcompetition.
Nashintroducedsomethingtotallynew.Andhedrewtheattentionoftheoreticaleconomists.Theyturnedgametheoryintoatool.Thisyounggeniushadsucceeded.
HewentontoMITandforeightyearsgreatlyimpressedthemathematicalworld.Heworkedineconomics.HeeveninventedthegameofHex,marketedbyparkerBrothers.Hemarriedin1957.NewYorkTimeswriterSilviaNasartellshowFortuneMagazinesingledhimoutinJuly1958asAmerica'sbrilliantyoungstarofthe“newmathematics”.Everythingwasgoingsmoothly.
Then,disaster!Mentalillnessovertookhim.He’donceastonishedmathematicianswithhisunlikelyresults.Nowhisresultsstoppedmakingsense,andthedividinglinewasn’tclearatfirst.Hebeganlookingforsecretmessagesinnumbers.
Psychologistsofthe1950sclaimedthathiswife’spregnancyhadtippedhimovertheedge.Nicethingtolayonawomanalreadystressedtotheedgebyherhusband’scollapse!Themarriageended,butshehousedhim,backinPrinceton.
For25years,mentalillnesscontrolledJohnNash.Itwasinthemid-1980sthatNashatlastlearnedtomanagehisillnessand,onceagain,hecoulddomathematics.Meanwhile,gametheoryhadbecomeastapletoolofbusinessandeconomics.AllthewritinginthatfieldpointsbacktoNash'sseminalwork.Finally,NashreceivedtheNobelPrizeineconomics.
1.NashwontheNobelPrize(
).
2.Theword“They”(Para.3)refersto
(
).
3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
4.WhydoyouthinkNashmadehisachievementinthefieldofmathematicsbutwashonoredwiththeNobelPrizeforeconomicsinstead?
5.Thepurposeofthisarticlemightbe(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.forpioneeringworkinestablishingatheory
B.forcombiningmathematicswitheconomics
C.forgreatlyimpressingthemathematicalworldfor8years
D.forhismerit
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.theoreticaleconomists
B.Nashandhiscolleagues
C.Nashandotherscientists
D.competitors
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Nash’swifedivorcedhim,butgavehimahouseasagift.
B.Nash’swifeagreedthatherpregnancycontributedtoNash’smentalcollapse.
C.Theauthorthinksit’srighttoblameNash’swifeforhismentalcollapse.
D.Theauthorthinksit’sunfairtoblameNash’swifeforhismentalcollapse.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Becausehisgametheorydrewtheattentionoftheoreticaleconomists.
B.Becausehisgametheoryhasbecomeastapletoolofbusinessandeconomics.
C.Becauseheturnedhisgametheoryintoatool.
D.BecauseNashwasaneconomist.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.totellastoryofamathematicsgenius
B.todepictamathematicsgenius
C.totellthereadersaboutJohnForbesNash.Jr.
D.totellhowNashconqueredhismentalillness
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:C
【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“JohnForbesNash,Jr.因博弈論的開創(chuàng)性工作獲得諾貝爾獎?!边x項(xiàng)A符合原文。
第2題:語義題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容“Nashintroducedsomethingtotallynew.Andhedrewtheattentionoftheoreticaleconomists.Theyturnedgametheoryintoatool.”Nash介紹了一些全新的東西。他引起了理論經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的注意。他們把博弈論變成了一種工具。由此可知,這里的“they”指的是上句中的“theoreticaleconomists”。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。
第3題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Themarriageended,butshehousedhim,backinPrinceton.”離婚后,他的妻子把他安置在普林斯頓。而不是送了一套房子給他,所以選項(xiàng)A錯誤;根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Psychologistsofthe1950sclaimedthathiswife’spregnancyhadtippedhimovertheedge.”20世紀(jì)50年代的心理學(xué)家們聲稱,他妻子的懷孕讓他陷入了崩潰的邊緣。但原文并沒有說這是導(dǎo)致他精神崩潰的原因,所以選項(xiàng)B錯誤;再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Nicethingtolayonawomanalreadystressedtotheedgebyherhusband’scollapse!”雖然英文表達(dá)為感嘆句,但其實(shí)這里應(yīng)該翻譯為:將責(zé)任歸因于一位因精神崩潰的丈夫而背負(fù)巨大壓力的女性真的好嗎?潛在意思是說,這是不公平的,所以選項(xiàng)C錯誤,選項(xiàng)D正確。
第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段最后幾句“Meanwhile,gametheoryhadbecomeastapletoolofbusinessandeconomics.AllthewritinginthatfieldpointsbacktoNash'sseminalwork.Finally,NashreceivedtheNobelPrizeineconomics.”與此同時,博弈論已經(jīng)成為商業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的主要工具。相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的所有文章都基于Nash具有重大意義的研究成果。最后,Nash獲得了諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎。由此可知,是因?yàn)镹ash的博弈論已經(jīng)成為商業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的主要工具,所以他獲得的是諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)獎。選項(xiàng)B正確。
第5題:主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講的是Nash的一生。他雖然精通數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域,但他獲得的卻是諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)獎。所以選項(xiàng)A和B錯誤;選項(xiàng)D“講述Nash是如何戰(zhàn)勝精神疾病的”只是他人生的一部分,所以選項(xiàng)D錯誤;選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。
12.單選題
Thepower(
)intheofficeofPresidentmustnotbeabused.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.inherit
B.inherent
C.instinctive
D.inhibitory
【答案】B
【解析】inherit繼承,遺傳而得;inherent固有的,內(nèi)在的,與生俱來的;instinctive本能的,直覺的,天生的;inhibitory禁止的,抑制的。句意:總統(tǒng)辦事處的固有職權(quán)不能濫用。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。
13.單選題
Somepeoplebelievethat“KingJohn”waswrittenbyShakespeare,butsomepeoplethinkitmightbewrittenbyan()author.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.ambiguous
B.authentic
C.antique
D.anonymous
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。ambiguous模糊不清的,模棱兩可的;authentic真正的,真實(shí)的;antique古老的,年代久遠(yuǎn)的;anonymous匿名的,無名的。由but可知前后句所述內(nèi)容相反,前半句說有人相信莎士比亞是《約翰王》的作者,后半句推測作者是一個匿名的作家。故D項(xiàng)正確。句意:有些人認(rèn)為《約翰王》是莎士比亞寫的,但有些人認(rèn)為它可能是匿名的作者寫的。
14.單選題
Hopingthathemightbeableto(
)theproblem,IaskedManiotolookattheengine.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.shedlighton
B.makelightof
C.bringlightto
D.setlightto
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞辨析。shedlighton意為“闡明,解釋”;makelightof意為“對……不在乎,輕視”;bringlightto意為“為……帶來光明”;setlightto意為“點(diǎn)燃,點(diǎn)著”。
句意:我讓馬里奧看一下引擎,希望他能弄清楚這個問題。
15.單選題
Behaviorisoneoftwogeneralresponsesavailabletoendothermic(warm-blooded)speciesfortheregulationofbodytemperature,theotherbeinginnate(reflexive)mechanismsofheatproductionandheatloss.Humanbeingsrelyprimarilyonthefirsttoprovideahospitablethermalmicroclimateforthemselves,inwhichthetransferofheatbetweenthebodyandtheenvironmentisaccomplishedwithminimalinvolvementofinnatemechanismsofheatproductionandloss.Thermoregulatorybehavioranticipateshyperthermia,andtheorganismadjustsitsbehaviortoavoidbecominghyperthermic:itremoveslayersofclothing,itgoesforacoolswim,etc.Theorganismcanalsorespondtochangesinthetemperatureofthebodycore,asisthecaseduringexercise;butsuchresponsesresultfromthedirectstimulationofthermoreceptorsdistributedwidelywithinthecentralnervoussystem,andtheabilityofthesemechanismstohelptheorganismadjusttogrosschangesinitsenvironmentislimited.
Untilrecentlyitwasassumedthatorganismsrespondtomicrowaveradiationinthesamewaythattheyrespondtotemperaturechangescausedbyotherformsofradiation.Afterall,theargumentruns,microwavesareradiationandheatbodytissues.Thistheoryignoresthefactthatthestimulustoabehavioralresponseisnormallyatemperaturechangethatoccursatthesurfaceoftheorganism.Thethermoreceptorsthatpromptbehavioralchangesarelocatedwithinthefirstmillimeteroftheskin’ssurface,buttheenergyofamicrowavefieldmaybeselectivelydepositedindeeptissues,effectivelybypassingthesethermoreceptors,particularlyifthefieldisatnear-resonantfrequencies.Theresultingtemperatureprofilemaywellbeakindofreversethermalgradientinwhichthedeeptissuesarewarmedmorethanthoseofthesurface.Sincetheheatisnotconductedoutwardtothesurfacetostimulatetheappropriatereceptors,theorganismdoesnot“appreciate”thisstimulationinthesamewaythatit“appreciates”heatingandcoolingoftheskin.Intheory,theinternalorgansofahumanbeingorananimalcouldbequiteliterallycookedwell-donebeforetheanimalevenrealizesthatthebalanceofitsthermomicroclimatehasbeendisturbed.
Untilafewyearsago,microwaveirradiationsatequivalentplane-wavepowerdensitiesofabout100mW/cm2wereconsideredunequivocallytoproduce“thermal”effects;irradiationswithintherangeof10to100mW/cm2mightormightnotproduce“thermal”effects;whileeffectsobservedatpowerdensitiesbelow10mW/cm2wereassumedtobe“nonthermal”innature.Experimentshaveshownthistobeanoversimplification,andarecentreportsuggeststhatfieldsasweakas1mW/cm2canbethermogenic.Whentheheatgeneratedinthetissuesbyanimposedradiofrequency(plustheheatgeneratedbymetabolism)exceedstheheat-losscapabilitiesoftheorganism,thethermoregulatorysystemhasbeencompromised.Yetsurprisingly,notlongago,anincreaseintheinternalbodytemperaturewasregardedmerelyas“evidence”ofathermaleffect.
1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith(
).
2.Theauthormakeswhichofthefollowingpointsaboutinnatemechanismsforheatproduction?
3.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostlogicaltopicfortheauthortotakeupintheparagraphfollowingthefinalparagraphoftheselection?
4.Theauthor’sstrategyinlines39-42isto(
).
5.Theauthorimpliesthattheproponentsofthetheorythatmicrowaveradiationactsonorganismsinthesamewayasotherformsofradiationbasedtheirconclusionsprimarilyon(
).
6.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas(
).
7.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.showingthatbehaviorisamoreeffectivewayofcontrollingbodilytemperaturethaninnatemechanisms
B.criticizingresearcherswhowillnotdiscardtheirtheoriesabouttheeffectsofmicrowaveradiationonorganisms
C.demonstratingthateffectsofmicrowaveradiationaredifferentfromthoseofotherformsofradiation
D.analyzingthemechanismbywhichanorganismmaintainsitsbodilytemperatureina
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