考研考博-英語-平頂山職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-平頂山職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Hewasraginginside,butheheldhimselfin.

問題1選項

A.stayedindoors

B.triedhardtoforgetit

C.controlledhimself

D.calmeddown

【答案】C

【解析】holdoneselfin意為約束，抑制。stayedindoors

待在室內(nèi)；triedhardtoforgetit努力忘記；controlledhimself控制自己；calmeddown平靜下來，鎮(zhèn)定下來。選項C與之意思相近。

2.單選題

Thenewscommentatorsaysthattheargumentthespeakerhaspresenteddoesnot（）water.

問題1選項

A.have

B.contain

C.include

D.hold

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。holdwater意為“站得住腳，合情合理，說得通”。這里指演講者提出的論點說不通。選項D正確。

3.單選題

“Opinion”isawordthatisusedcarelesslytoday.Itisusedtorefertomattersoftaste,belief,andjudgment.Thiscasualusewouldprobablycauselittleconfusionifpeopledidn’tattachtoomuchimportancetoopinion.Unfortunately,mostdoattachgreatimportancetoit.“Ihaveasmuchrighttomyopinionasyoutoyours,，”and“Everyone'sentitledtohisopinion,”arecommonexpressions.Infact,anyonewhowouldchallengeanother’sopinionislikelytobebrandedintolerant.

Isthatlabelaccurate?Isitintoleranttochallengeanother’sopinion?Itdependsonwhatdefinitionofopinionyouhaveinmind.D.Forexample,youmayaskafriend,“WhatdoyouthinkofthenewFordcars?”Andhemayreply,“Inmyopinion,they’reugly.”Inthiscase,itwouldnotonlybeintoleranttochallengehisstatement,butfoolish.Forit'sobviousthatbyopinionhemeanshispersonalpreference,amatteroftaste.Andastheoldsayinggoes“It'spointlesstoargueaboutmattersoftaste.”

Butconsiderthisverydifferentuseoftheterm,anewspaperreportsthattheSupremeCourthasdelivereditsopinioninacontroversialcase.Obviouslythejusticesdidnotstatetheirpersonalpreferences,theirmerelikesanddislikes.Theystatedtheirconsideredjudgment,painstakinglyarrivedatafterthoroughinquiryanddeliberation.

Mostofwhatisreferredtoasopinionfallssomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Itisnotanexpressionoftaste.Norisitcarefuljudgment.Yetitmaycontainelementsofboth.Itisavieworbeliefmoreorlesscasuallyarrivedat,withorwithoutexaminingtheevidence.

Iseveryoneentitledtohisopinion?Ofcourse,thisisnotonlypermitted,butguaranteed.D.Wearefreetoactonouropinionsonlysolongas,indoingso,wedonotharmothers.

1.ThenewFordcarsarecitedasanexampletoshowthat.

2.Consideredjudgmentisdifferentfrompersonalpreferenceinthat.

3.Asindicatedinthepassage,beingfreetoactonone’sopinion.

問題1選項

A.personaltastesarenotsomethingtobechallenged

B.itisunwisetoexpressone’slikesanddislikesinpublic

C.itisfoolishtocriticizeafamousbrand

D.oneshouldnotalwaysagreetoothers'opinions

問題2選項

A.itisaresultofalotofcontroversy

B.itreflectspubliclikesanddislikes

C.itisbasedoncarefulthought

D.itisstatedbyjudgesinthecourt

問題3選項

A.meansthatonecanimposehispreferenceonothers

B.meansthatonecanignoreotherpeople'scriticism

C.doesn'tmeanthatonehastherighttochargeotherswithoutevidence

D.doesn'tmeanthatonehastherighttodothingsatwill

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話提到意見指的是個人喜好和品味（Forit'sobviousthatbyopinionhemeanshispersonalpreference,amatteroftaste），因此選項A符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第三段提到他們陳述的內(nèi)容是經(jīng)過深思熟慮得來的（Theystatedtheirconsideredjudgment,painstakinglyarrivedatafterthoroughinquiryanddeliberation），因此選項C符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章最后一段提到每個人都有權(quán)發(fā)表自己的意見。但是只有在不傷害他人的情況下，我們才可以自由地按照自己的意見行事（Wearefreetoactonouropinionsonlysolongas,indoingso,wedonotharmothers），由此可知每個人都有權(quán)發(fā)表自己的意見，但是并不是隨心所欲地發(fā)表，前提是不傷害別人，因此選項D符合題意。

4.單選題

16-20

問題1選項

A.Abloodtest.

B.Agastroscopy(胃鏡檢查法).

C.AchestX-rayexam.

D.AbariumX-rayexam.

問題2選項

A.Tolosesomeweight.

B.Totakeafewmoretests.

C.Tosleeponthreepillows.

D.Toeatsmaller，lightermeals.

問題3選項

A.Potatochips.

B.chicken.

C.Cereal.

D.fish.

問題4選項

A.Ulcer.

B.Cancer.

C.Depression.

D.Hernia.

問題5選項

A.Hewilltrythedietthedoctorrecommended.

B.Hewillaskforasickleaveandrelaxathome.

C.Hewilltakethemedicinethedoctorprescribed.

D.Hewilltakeafewmoreteststoruleoutcancer.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】W:Well,(16)yourbariummealdidnotshowanulcer.Butitdidshowthatyouhavesomethingwecallahiatushernia(食管裂孔疝).Doyouknowwhatthatis?

M:Ithinkmygrandmotherhadone.ButIhaven’tmuchofaclue,really.

W:NowI’mgoingtoexplainhowwecantrytogetridofyourstomachandheartburnproblems.Ithinkitwouldhelpifyouwereabletoloseabitofweight.You’llbelesslikelytogetthepainifyoucaneatsmaller,lightermealsregularly.Standinguprightaftereatingforawhilehelpssothatyourstomachislesslikelytocomeuptoyourgulletthenwhenyoulieflat.Lastly,I’mgoingtogiveyousometabletsthatwillstopyourstomachfromproducingacid.Perhapsyoucouldtellmewhatyoufeelaboutit?

M:Well,Iworrythatitmightbedifficulttoeatthemealsyousuggest,becauseI’malorrydriverandhavetobeontheroadmostoftheday.AndI’mnotsureifIwanttotakethosetables.

W:Yes,IunderstandyoumighthavesomeproblemswiththedietI’msuggesting,especiallyasroadsidecafesusuallysellmealswithgreasyfood.However,(18)perhapsyoucouldkeeptofishandchicken,andavoidchipsandfriedeggs.Yousayyou’renotkeenontakingtablets,whynot?

M:Afriendofminehadthem,andthengotworse.And6weekslatertheyfoundhehadstomachcancer.

W:Isee...soyouwereworriedabouthavingcancer?

M:Well,Iwasabit.IsupposeifmyX-rayonlyshowedahernia,Imustbeclear.(17)Butarethereothertestyoucandotoabsolutelysure?

W:Yes,thereare.(17)ButIdon’tthinkit’snecessarytodothematpresent.We’llwanttoseehowyougetonoverthenextfewweekswithachangeofdiet.WhataboutthetabletsIsuggested?Idon’tthinkit’spossiblethattheycausedyourfriend’scancer.

M:(20)IthinkI’drathertrychangingmydietfirstofall.Then,takingthemedicineyouprescribedformelasttime.

W:Let’strythatforthenext4weeks.Then,I’llseeyouagain.

16.Whatmedicalprocedurehasthemanundergone?

【解析】對話開頭就提到他做了bariummeal“鋇餐檢查”，檢查未顯示他有潰瘍。

17.WhichofthefollowingisNOTamongthedoctor’ssuggestionstotheman?

【解析】解析對話中，男士問醫(yī)生是否還需要做其他檢查以確診，醫(yī)生說不用。故選B。

18.Accordingtothedoctor’sadvice,whichofthefollowingfoodsshouldthemanavoid?

【解析】醫(yī)生建議男士要注意飲食，可以繼續(xù)食用雞肉和魚肉，但不要吃薯條和煎蛋。故選A。

19.Whatisthedoctor’sdiagnosisoftheman?

【解析】對話開頭醫(yī)生就說通過鋇餐檢查,未顯示潰瘍,但確實是hiatushernia“食管裂孔疝”。

20.Whatwillthemandoforthenext4weeks?

【解析】對話最后，男土說他愿意首先嘗試調(diào)整飲食,然后服用上次醫(yī)生給開的藥。注意這里男士提到的是服用上次醫(yī)生給開的藥，所以C項錯誤。故選A。

5.單選題

Nineistothree（）threeistoone.

問題1選項

A.when

B.that

C.which

D.what

【答案】D

【解析】考查方式狀語從句。AistoBwhatCistoD是固定句式，意思是“A對于B來說就等于C對于D一樣”，what在句中引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，表示“好比，正如”。句意：九比三等于三比一。因此D選項正確。

6.單選題

Thefirstthathehadtodowasto（）theEnglishthoroughly;andyoumustknowthathiswasathingnoteasytodo.

問題1選項

A.defeat

B.overcome

C.vanquish

D.conquer

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他得做的第一件事是徹底戰(zhàn)勝英語，并且你必須知道這不是件容易的事。

考查動詞辨析。defeat擊敗，打敗，戰(zhàn)勝（對手）；overcome戰(zhàn)勝（某人），克服，解決（事情）;vanquish征服，徹底擊敗，戰(zhàn)勝;conquer占領(lǐng)，攻克，（比賽中）擊敗。空格處動詞的賓語為English(英語)，因此B符合搭配跟句意。

7.單選題

Althougharchitecturehasartisticqualities,itmustalsosatisfyanumberofimportantpractical（）.

問題1選項

A.obligations

B.regulations

C.observations

D.considerations

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項obligation“義務(wù)，債務(wù)”；B選項regulation“條例，規(guī)程”；C選項observation“觀察”；D選項consideration“考慮，注意事項”。句意：建筑雖然具有藝術(shù)性，但它也必須滿足一些重要的實用性考慮。由選項意思和句意可知，D選項符合句意。

8.不定項選擇題

Hamletfisharecautiouslovers.Eacheveningattwilight,manytimesaneveninginfact,apairofthemwillleavethesafetyoftheirCaribbeanreefandrushafewyardsofftheseafloor.Positioningthemselvesside-to-side,head-to-tailtheyhurriedlyreleasetheireggsandsperm.Thentheyturnsharplyforhome,leavestheirgametestomixinsilence.IchthyologistPhillipLobelofthewoodsHoleOceanographicinstitutionhasfoundthathamletfishandmanyotherfishemit“criesofecstasy”attheappropriatemoment.

Biologistshavelongknownthatafewfishmakesounds.Thetoadfish,forexample,isnamedforitslowcall,whichcanbeheardevenabovewater.Underwater,however,humanearsdon’tworkwell.Asaresultresearchersdidn’tnoticehowcommonfishcallswereuntilLobelstarteddivingwithavideocameraandanunderwatermicrophonelikethekindtheNavyusestolistenforsubmarines.

Lobelhaslearnedthatthefishplayingtheroleofthemale-hamletfishswitchesrolesfromonetrysttothenext-emitsaseriesofshort,lowsounds.Thefemalerespondswithadownward,sweepingsoundlikeaslidewhistle.Thepurposetothesecalls,saysLobel,isprobablytosynchronizespawning,sothatspermandegghaveafightingchanceofactuallymeetinginthewater.

Then,atthemomentofspawning,thefemalefluttersherpectoralfins,contractsherabdominalmusclestosqueezeouttheeggs,andletsoutasoftcry,whichinpartmaysimplybethesoundofherswimbladdervibratingfromallthatmusclecontraction.“Thesoundisnotascream,it’sonlyasloudasconversation,”saysLobel.

Lobelhassincerecordedsoundsfromabouttwodozenotherfishspecies.Hethinksfishcalls,likesomebirdcalls,maybeameansbywhichfishrecognizesuitablemates,andthatfishofthesamespeciesmayevencommunicateinregionaldialects.“Lotsofpeoplesitandwatchtheirlittlefishintheiraquarium,”Lobelsays,“Well,it’slikelookingatabirdcagebehindsound-proofglass.Thesethingsareallmakingsounds.”

1.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutfishcallsaccordingtothispassage?

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“theappropriatemoment”forfishtoemitcriesofecstasymentionedinthefirstparagraph?

4.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectinferencefromthepassage?

5.Theauthormentionedbirdcallsinthelastparagraphinorder（）.

問題1選項

A.refuteamisconceptionthatfishdon’tmakesounds

B.proveanewdiscovery

C.explainthetimewhenhamletfishmakesounds

D.demonstratethefactthatfishareromanticashumanbeings

問題2選項

A.Fishcallsarecommonlyregardedasrare.

B.Someofsoundsproducedbyfisharenotutteredfromtheirmouths.

C.Fishcallsmaybeameansbywhichfishfoundtheirmates.

D.Nosoundscanbeheardfromfishifapersonstandsontheground.

問題3選項

A.WhenPhillipLobelwasunderthewaterwithavideocameraandamicrophone.

B.Whenonefishhasatrystwithanother.

C.Whenthespermandeggofthefishhaveachancetomeetinthewater.

D.Whenfisharespawning.

問題4選項

A.Fewbiologistshavetheideafishmayproducesoundsunderwater.

B.Apersonunderwatermayclearlyhearthecallofanotherperson’sabovewater.

C.Lobel’soriginalintentiontodotheexperimentwastotestwhetherhamletfishwouldproducematingcalls.

D.Ahamletfishmayplaytherolesofbothmaleandfemaleatdifferenttimes.

問題5選項

A.todemonstratethatbirdscanbeclassifiedintocertainfishspecies

B.toillustratethatbirds,justlikefish,producecallstofindtheirmates

C.toprovebirdcallsaremorecommonthanfishcalls

D.tofurtherexplainthatfishisakindofanimalthatmayalsomakesoundswhennecessary

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章圍繞著魚的叫聲展開，根據(jù)第二段最后一句Asaresultresearchersdidn’tnoticehowcommonfishcallswereuntilLobelstarteddivingwithavideocameraandanunderwatermicrophonelikethekindtheNavyusestolistenforsubmarines.（因此，研究人員沒有注意到魚類的叫聲是多么常見，直到Lobel開始帶著攝像機和水下麥克風潛水，就像海軍用來監(jiān)聽潛艇的那種），可知B選項“證明一個新發(fā)現(xiàn)”符合題意，A，D選項沒有在文章內(nèi)具體提及，C選項只是文章中的某一個方面，不是文章的目的。因此B選項正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Thetoadfish,forexample,isnamedforitslowcall,whichcanbeheardevenabovewater.（例如，蟾蜍魚的叫聲很低，即使在水面上也能聽到，因此得名。），可知D選項“如果一個人站在地上，就聽不到魚發(fā)出的聲音?！卞e誤；根據(jù)第二段最后一句Asaresultresearchersdidn’tnoticehowcommonfishcallswere...（因此，研究人員沒有注意到魚類的叫聲是多么常見……）可以得知A選項“魚的叫聲通常被認為是罕見的”正確；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句...whichinpartmaysimplybethesoundofherswimbladdervibratingfromallthatmusclecontraction.（……部分可能只是由于肌肉收縮而產(chǎn)生的膀胱振動的聲音）可以得知B選項“有些魚發(fā)出的聲音不是從嘴里發(fā)出的”正確；根據(jù)最后一段第二句Hethinksfishcalls,likesomebirdcalls,maybeameansbywhichfishrecognizesuitablemates...（他認為魚類的叫聲，就像一些鳥的叫聲一樣，可能是魚類識別合適配偶的一種方式……）可以得知C選項“魚類的叫聲可能是魚類找到配偶的一種方式”正確；因此D選項符合題意。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后一句Thepurposetothesecalls,saysLobel,isprobablytosynchronizespawning,sothatspermandegghaveafightingchanceofactuallymeetinginthewater.（洛貝爾說，這些叫聲的目的可能是為了同步產(chǎn)卵，這樣精子和卵子就有機會真正在水中相遇）以及倒數(shù)第二段第一句Then,atthemomentofspawning,thefemalefluttersherpectoralfins,contractsherabdominalmusclestosqueezeouttheeggs,andletsoutasoftcry...（然后，在產(chǎn)卵的那一刻，雌魚拍打胸鰭，收縮腹部肌肉把卵擠出來，然后發(fā)出一聲柔和的叫聲……），可知D選項“當魚產(chǎn)卵的時候”符合題意；A，B，C選項只是文章中提到的內(nèi)容，并不是最好地解釋了第一段提到的魚發(fā)出狂喜的叫聲的“適當時刻”。因此D選項正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Biologistshavelongknownthatafewfishmakesounds.（生物學(xué)家早就知道有一些魚會發(fā)出聲音），可知A選項“很少有生物學(xué)家知道魚在水下也能發(fā)聲”錯誤；B選項“一個在水下的人可以清楚地聽到另一個人在水面上的呼喚”在原文中未提到，錯誤；根據(jù)第一段最后一句IchthyologistPhillipLobelofthewoodsHoleOceanographicinstitutionhasfoundthathamletfishandmanyotherfishemit“criesofecstasy”attheappropriatemoment.（伍茲霍爾海洋研究所的魚類學(xué)家PhillipLobel發(fā)現(xiàn)，哈姆雷特魚和其他許多魚會在適當?shù)臅r候發(fā)出“狂喜的叫聲”）可以得知PhillipLobel是先得知哈姆雷特魚會發(fā)出叫聲，再進行研究后發(fā)現(xiàn)當魚產(chǎn)卵的時候會發(fā)出叫聲，并不是先意識到是為了求偶發(fā)出叫聲再去測試，因此C選項“Lobel做這個實驗的初衷是為了測試哈姆雷特魚是否會發(fā)出求偶的叫聲”錯誤；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句Lobelhaslearnedthatthefishplayingtheroleofthemale-hamletfishswitchesrolesfromonetrysttothenext-emitsaseriesofshort,lowsounds.（洛貝爾了解到，扮演哈姆雷特中男性角色的魚會在一次次幽會中變換角色——發(fā)出一系列短而低的聲音。）可以得知D選項“哈姆雷特魚在不同的時期可能同時扮演男性和女性的角色”正確；因此D選項符合題意。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】作者意圖題。A選項“為了證明鳥類可以被分類為某些魚類”和C選項“為了證明鳥叫比魚叫更常見”在原文中都沒提到；B選項“為了說明鳥類，就像魚一樣，發(fā)出叫聲來尋找配偶”和原文想表達的邏輯關(guān)系不同，原文是想說明魚像鳥一樣會發(fā)出叫聲來尋找配偶；D選項“進一步解釋魚是一種必要時也會發(fā)出聲音的動物”符合原文，因此D選項正確。

9.單選題

Withinthatexclusivegroupofliterarycharacterswhohavesurvivedthroughthecenturies-fromHamlettoHuckleberryFinn—fewcanrivaltheculturalimpactofSherlockHolmes.Sincehisfirstpublicappearance20yearsago,thegentlemanwiththecurvedpipeandatasteforcocaine,themasterofdeductivereasoningandelaboratedisguise,haslefthismarkeverywhere—incrimeliterature,filmandtelevision,cartoonsandcomicbooks.

AtHolmes’side,ofcourse,washistrustedfriendDr.Watson.Loomingevenlarger,however,wasanotherdoctor,onewhosemedicalpracticewassoslowitallowedhimplentyoftimetopursuehisliteraryambition.Hisname:ArthurConanDoyle.Asthecreatorofthesefictionalicons,ConanDoylehashimselfbecomesomethingofacultfigure,theobjectofcountlesscriticalstudies,biographiesandfanclubs.

ConanDoylewasborninEdinburghin1859,inarespectablemiddle-classCatholicfamily.Still,itwasfarfromaneasylife.Therewasneverenoughmoney,theymovedfrequentlyinsearchoflowerrents;andhisfather,acivilservantandillustratorwasanalcoholicwhohadtobeinstitutionalized.Yettheearlylettershewrotetohismotheraresurprisinglyoptimistic,concernedmainlywithfood,clothes,allowancesandschoolwork.At14camehisfirstunforgettablevisittoLondon,includingMadameTussaud’s,wherehewas“delightedwiththeroomofHorrors,andtheimagesofthemurderers.”

Asuperbstudent,ConanDoylewentontomedicalschool,wherehewasattractedbyDr.JosephBell,aprofessorwithanuncannyabilitytodiagnosepatientsevenbeforetheyopenedtheirmouths.ForatimeheworkedasBell’soutpatientclerkandwouldwatch,amazed,athowthelocationofacalluscouldrevealaman’sprofession,orhowaquicklookataskinrashtoldBellthatthepatienthadoncelivedinBermuda.In1886,ConanDoyleoutlinedhisfirstnovel,AStudyinScarlet,whichhedescribedas“asimpletaleofmysterytomakealittleextramoney.”Itsmaincharacter,initiallycalledSherringfordHopeandlatercalledSherlockHolmes,wasbasedlargelyonBell.ButHolmes’firstappearancewentalmostunnoticed,andthestrugglingdoctordevotednearlyallofhissparetimetowritinglonghistoricalnovelsinthestyleofSirWalterScott—novelsthathewasconvincedwouldmakehisreputation.Itwasn’ttobe.In1888,HolmesreappearedinAScandalinBohemia,ashortstoryinStrandMagazine.Andthistime,itsherotookanimmediatehitandConanDoyle’slifewouldneverbethesame.

1.ThetypicalfeaturesofSherlockHolmeswereallEXCEPT（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutConanDoyleandhisfamily

ConanDoyle’sshortstory？

3.HowdidConanDoylefeelabouthisfirstvisittoLondon?

4.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat（

）.

5.“AScandalinBohemia”hasprovedtobe（

）atlast.

問題1選項

A.rational

B.sociable

C.intelligent

D.cunning

問題2選項

A.Hecamefromamiddle-classfamily.

B.TheyledahardlifeinEdinburgh.

C.Hisfatherwasaddictedtodrinking.

D.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.

問題3選項

A.Itwashorrible.

B.Itwaspleasant.

C.Itwasawful.

D.Itwasmemorable.

問題4選項

A.ldbe

B.writersoftenbasetheirwritingonpersonalexperiences

C.ConanDoylehasgonethroughaperiodofhardshiponhiswaytosuccess

D.inspirationwasveryimportantforapersontocreatesomething

問題5選項

A.successful

B.powerful

C.ridiculous

D.frustrating

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。rational意為“神智清楚的”；sociable意為“好交際的”；intelligent意為“聰明的，有才智的”；cunning意為“狡猾的”。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Sincehisfirstpublicappearance20yearsago,thegentlemanwiththecurvedpipeandatasteforcocaine,themasterofdeductivereasoningandelaboratedisguise”可知此處是對福爾摩斯特征的描寫，一位擅長演繹推理和偽裝的大師，B選項沒有提及，因此正確答案為B。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“ConanDoylewasborninEdinburghin1859,inarespectablemiddle-classCatholicfamily.Still,itwasfarfromaneasylife....andhisfather,acivilservantandillustratorwasanalcoholic（酗酒者）whohadtobeinstitutionalized.”可知A、B、C選項都正確，因此選D。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“At14camehisfirstunforgettablevisittoLondon,includingMadameTussaud’s,wherehewas“delightedwiththeroomofHorrors,andtheimagesofthemurderers.””可知第一次的倫敦之旅給柯南?道爾留下了難忘的記憶，因此D選項“它是值得紀念的”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。從文章最后一段可知柯南?道爾的第一部小說是以Dr.JosephBell為原型寫的，但并沒有引起人們的關(guān)注，于是又寫了他一部自己抱有很大希望的歷史小說，然而還是沒有成功，直到1988年發(fā)表的一篇短篇小說，才使他聲名鵲起，可見柯南?道爾在成功之前經(jīng)歷過不少挫折，故選C。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句中“ConanDoyle’slifewouldneverbethesame.”可知柯南?道爾通過他的短篇小說改變了他的人生，因此可以推測這部小說是成功的，故選A。

10.單選題

Peter’smotherkepttellinghimthat（）inthestreetisdangerous,buthewouldnotlisten.

問題1選項

A.played

B.willplay

C.playing

D.beenplaying

【答案】C

【解析】that引導(dǎo)的句子在句中作補語，在that從句中缺少主語，因此應(yīng)該用動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作主語。所以，選項C正確。

11.單選題

Allcultureshavesomesystemofmeasuringduration,orkeepingtime,butinwesternindustrializedsocieties,wekeeptrackoftimeinwhatseemstootherpeoplesalmostanobsessivefashion.Weviewtimeasmotiononaspace,akindoflinearprogressionmeasuredbytheclockandthecalendar.Thisperceptioncontributestooursenseofhistoryandthekeepingofrecords,whicharetypicalaspectsofwesterncultures.

Althoughourperceptionsoftimeseemnaturaltous,wemustnotassumethatotherculturesoperateonthesametimesystem.Forinstance,whyshouldweassumethataHopiraisedintheHopiculturewouldhavethesameintuitionsabouttimethatwehave?InHopihistory,ifrecordshadbeenwritten,wewouldfindadifferentsetofculturalandenvironmentalinfluencesworkingtogether.TheHopipeopleareapeacefulagriculturalsocietyisolatedbygeographicfeatureandnomadenemiesinalandoflittlerainfall.Theiragricultureissuccessfulonlybythegreatestperseverance.Extensivepreparationsareneededtoensurecropgrowth.ThustheHopivaluepersistenceandrepetitioninactivity.Theyhaveasenseofthecumulativevalueofnumerous,small,repeatedmovements,fortothemsuchmovementsarenotwastedbutarestoreduptomakechangesinlaterevents.TheHopihavenointuitionoftimeasmotion,asasmoothflowinglineonwhicheverythingintheuniverseproceedsatanequalrateawayfromapast,throughapresent,intoaforeseeablefuture.

LongandcarefulstudyoftheHopilanguagehasrevealedthatitcontainsnowords,grammaticalforms,constructions,orexpressionsthatrefertowhatwecalltime—thepast,present,orfuture—ortothedurationorlastingaspectoftime.TotheHopi,“time”isa“gettinglater”ofeverythingthathasbeendone,sothatpastandpresentmergetogether.TheHopidonotspeak,aswedoinEnglish?Ofa“newday”or“anotherday”comingeverytwenty-fourhours;amongtheHopi,thereturnofthedayislikethereturnofaperson,alittleolderbutwithallthecharacteristicsofyesterday.ThisHopiconception,withitsemphasisontherepetitiveaspectoftimeratherthanitsonwardflow,maybeclearlyseenintheirritualdancesforrainandgoodcrops,inwhichthebasicstepisashort,quickstampingofthefootrepeatedthousandsoftimes,hourafterhour.

Ofcourse,theAmericanconceptionoftimeissignificantlydifferentfromthatoftheHopi.Americans’understandingoftimeistypicalofWesternculturesingeneralandindustrializedsocietiesinparticular.Americansviewtimeasacommodity,asa“thing”thatcanbesaved,spent,orwasted.Webudgetourtimeaswebudgetourmoney.Weevensay,“Timeismoney”.WeareconcernedinAmericawithbeing“ontime”;wedon’tliketo“waste”timebywaitingforsomeonewhoislateorbyrepeatinginformation;andweliketo“spend”timewiselybykeepingbusy.ThesestatementsallsoundnaturaltoaNorthAmerican.Infact,wethink,howcoulditbeotherwise?Itisdifficultforusnottobeirritatedbytheapparentcarelessnessabouttimeinothercultures.Forexample,individualsinothercountriesfrequentlyturnupanhourormorelateforanappointment—although“beinglate”isatleastwithinourculturalframework.Forinstance,howcanwebegintoentertheculturalworldoftheSioux,inwhichthereisnowordfor“l(fā)ate”or“waiting”.Ofcourse,thefactisthatwehavenothadtoentertheSiouxculture;theSiouxhavehadtoenterours.Itisonlywhenweparticipateinotherculturesontheirtermsthatwecanbegintoseetheculturalpatterningoftime.

1.Fromthepassage,theHopihavenointuitionoftimeasmotionbecause（

）.

2.WhatistheHopi’sconceptionoftime?

3.Theconceptoftimeasacommodityinthelastparagraphmeansthat（

）.

4.IfyouweretovisitaSiouxfestival,itwouldprobablybenecessarythat（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingviewsseemsmostoppositetotheWesternperceptionoftime?

問題1選項

A.theirwayoflivingdependsgreatlyonperseveranceandrepetition

B.theythinkitnecessarytoinventtheirownperceptionoftime

C.theirlanguagedoesnotcontainwordsreferringtomotion

D.theythinkeverythingshouldproceedinalinearway

問題2選項

A.Repeatingfootstepsisthewaytheycounttime.

B.Thelinebetweenpastandpresentisclear.

C.Whenapersonreturns,thedayreturns.

D.Todayistherepetitionofyesterday.

問題3選項

A.timecanbeusedandspentlikeconsumergoods

B.peoplewhoworklonghourswillbepaidhandsomely

C.peoplecanbuytimejustliketheybuyaproduct

D.timeisconsideredpricelessthatpeoplecan’tafford

問題4選項

A.youcallinadvanceifyouaregoingtobelate

B.youarrangefortransportationwellinadvance

C.youhaveadelayedscheduleofalltheactivities

D.youhaveanexactscheduleofthevariousevents

問題5選項

A.Makeahaywhilethesunshines.

B.Procrastinationisnecessary.

C.Punctualityisthesoulofbusiness.

D.Ayoungidler,anoldbeggar

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)二三句可知，霍皮族人重視活動中的持久性和重復(fù)。他們對無數(shù)的、小的、重復(fù)的動作的累積價值有一種感覺，因為對他們來說，這些動作不是浪費，而是儲存起來，以便在以后的事件中做出改變。所以霍皮族人對運動的時間沒有什么直覺，是因為他們的生活方式在很大程度上依賴于毅力和重復(fù)。選項A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，對霍皮人來說，“時間”是所有已經(jīng)做過的事情的“以后”，這樣過去和現(xiàn)在就會融合在一起?；羝と说倪@一觀念強調(diào)時間的重復(fù)性，而不是時間的繼續(xù)流動。選項D符合原文。

3.根據(jù)最后一段的三四句“Americansviewtimeasacommodity,asa“thing”thatcanbesaved,spent,orwasted.Webudgetourtimeaswebudgetourmoney.”美國人認為時間是一種商品，是一種可以節(jié)省、花費或浪費的“東西”。我們預(yù)算時間就像我們預(yù)算金錢一樣。選項A符合原文。

4.根據(jù)最后一段“Sioux,inwhichthereisnowordfor“l(fā)ate”or“waiting”.”蘇族人的文化世界里沒有“遲到”或“等候”這些詞，所以如果要去參加蘇族人的節(jié)日，你可能有必要把所有的活動都推遲，選項A正確。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，美國人對時間的理解是西方文化的典型特征，他們認為時間就是金錢，所以選項B與之觀念相反。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

12.單選題

Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn'tknowforsure?Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.

Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,totellusthattheearth'satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel'sreport:"Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.”

Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit'sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.Thisisadangerousgame:bythetime100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.

Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit'sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident'sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch—aclassiccaseofparalysisbyanalysis.

Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon'ttakethelegislativeinitiative,congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRober