考研考博-英語-無錫城市職業(yè)技術學院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-無錫城市職業(yè)技術學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearldevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunitsandagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensuses,allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.

Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdata.Thesedatamaybeeitherquantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevel-variables，thatarecharacterizedbytheunderlyingcontinuumorthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizing,orreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata.

Inferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanmind.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystem,whocometoschoolwithoutbreakfasthavebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild;theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.

31.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

32.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,countinganddescribingareassociatedwith______.

33.Whydoestheauthormention“mother”and“father”inthefirstparagraph?

34.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdescriptivestatisticsisbestsupportedbythepassage?

35.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepurposeofexaminingasampleorapopulation?

問題1選項

A.thedrawbacksofdescriptiveandinferentialstatistics

B.applicationsofinferentialstatistics

C.thedevelopmentanduseofstatistics

D.howtousedescriptivestatistics

問題2選項

A.inferentialstatistics

B.descriptivestatistics

C.unknownvariables

D.qualitativechanges

問題3選項

A.Topointoutthatparentscanteachtheirchildrenstatistics.

B.Tointroduceinferentialstatistics.

C.Toexplainthattherearedifferentkindsofvariables.

D.Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway.

問題4選項

A.Itsimplifiesunwieldymassesofdata.

B.Itleadstoincreasedvariability.

C.Itsolvesallnumericalproblems.

D.Itchangesqualitativevariablestoquantitativevariables.

問題5選項

A.Tocomparedifferentgroups.

B.Topredictcharacteristicsoftheentirepopulation.

C.Toconsiderallthequantitativevariables.

D.Totabulatecollectionsofdata.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】31.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段介紹了統(tǒng)計學的誕生，接著介紹了兩種統(tǒng)計方法：描述性統(tǒng)計和推斷性統(tǒng)計可以解決的問題，說明本文主要講的是統(tǒng)計學的發(fā)展和應用。因此C選項“統(tǒng)計學的發(fā)展和使用”正確。A選項“描述性統(tǒng)計和推斷性統(tǒng)計的缺點”，原文只介紹了這兩者的由來，沒有介紹它們的缺點，所以A錯誤。B選項“推斷性統(tǒng)計的應用”，D選項“如何使用描述性統(tǒng)計”，原文介紹了描述性統(tǒng)計和推斷性統(tǒng)計兩者的應用，所以B，D錯誤。

32.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀細節(jié)題。由題干關鍵詞“countinganddescribing”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensuses,allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.（“母親”對其后代統(tǒng)計學的影響表現(xiàn)在計數(shù)、測量、描述、制表、歸類和人口普查，所有這些導致了現(xiàn)代描述統(tǒng)計學的誕生。），說明計數(shù)和描述與描述性統(tǒng)計學相關。因此B選項“描述性統(tǒng)計”正確。A選項“推斷性統(tǒng)計”，C選項“未知變量”，D選項“質(zhì)變”均不符合題意，所以A，C，D錯誤。

33.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第一段中提到“母親”和“父親”用來說明統(tǒng)計學的誕生和起源，運用擬人的手法使文章更加生動幽默，有助于讀者理解。因此D選項“以幽默、易懂的方式介紹統(tǒng)計學的背景”正確。A選項“指出父母可以教孩子統(tǒng)計”，B選項“為了介紹推斷性統(tǒng)計”，C選項“說明變量有不同的種類”均不符合題意，所以A，B，C錯誤。

34.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizing,orreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata.（描述性統(tǒng)計是一種工具，它對極其龐雜的數(shù)據(jù)進行描述、概括或簡化，使之成為可理解的東西。），說明描述性統(tǒng)計可以將龐雜的數(shù)據(jù)簡單化。因此A選項“簡化了繁雜的大量數(shù)據(jù)”正確。B選項“導致了變異性的增加”，C選項“可以解決所有的數(shù)值問題”，D選項“把定性變量變?yōu)槎孔兞俊痹谖闹芯鶝]有提及，所以B，C，D錯誤。

35.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.（因此，推理性統(tǒng)計的目的就是通過了解整個群體中一部分樣本的特征，來預測和估計整個群體的特征。），說明考察樣本目的是預測和估計整個群體的特征。因此B選項“預測整個群體的特征”正確。A選項“為了比較不同的群體”，C選項“考慮所有的定量變量”，D選項“將數(shù)據(jù)集合制成表格”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，C，D錯誤。

2.單選題

TheSpanishteam,whoarenotinsuperbform,willbedoingtheirbestnextweektorevengethemselvesontheGermanteamforlastyear’sdefeat.

問題1選項

A.retaliate

B.recover

C.repel

D.defend

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項retaliate“報復”；B選項recover“恢復；彌補；重新獲得”；C選項repel“擊退；抵制；使厭惡；使不愉快”；D選項defend“辯護；防護”。句意：目前狀態(tài)不佳的西班牙隊將在下周全力以赴，為去年的失利向德國隊報仇。結(jié)合此處關鍵詞revenge“報復；替……報仇；洗雪”，得知A選項正確。

3.單選題

Youdidn’tputonmoreclothes;otherwiseyou______cold.

問題1選項

A.wouldn’thavecaught

B.wouldn’tcatch

C.can’tcatch

D.can’thavecaught

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。otherwise表示“否則，要不然”時，其后的句子應用虛擬語氣。由Youdidn’tputonmoreclothes可知此處是對過去的虛擬，故空格處用過去完成時。句意：你沒有多穿衣服，否則就不會感冒了。因此A選項正確。

4.單選題

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Theywereproudoftheircuisine.

B.Theywereparticularaboutfood.

C.Theywereallgoodatcooking.

D.Theywerefondofbaconandeggs.

問題2選項

A.Hisparents.

B.Hisparents’friends.

C.Hisfriends.

D.Hisschoolmates.

問題3選項

A.Nooneofthegroupateit.

B.Itwasalittleovercooked.

C.Noteawasservedwiththemeal.

D.ItwastherealEnglishbreakfast.

問題4選項

A.Itwasfullofexcitement.

B.Itwasratherdisappointing.

C.Itwasariskyexperience.

D.Itwasreallyextraordinary.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】ConversationOne

M:Guesswhat?TheworstfoodIeverhadwasinFrance.

W:Really?That’sodd.[1]IthoughttheFrenchwereallgoodcooks.

M:Yes,that’sright.Isupposeit’sreallylikeanywhereelsethough.Youknow,someplacesaregood,somebad.Butit’sreallyallourownfault.

W:Whatdoyoumean?

M:Well,itwasthefirsttimeI’dbeentoFrance.ThiswasyearsagowhenIwasatschool.[2]Iwenttherewithmyparents’friendsfrommyfather’sschool.TheyhiredacoachtotakethemtoSwitzerland.

W:Aschooltrip?

M:Right.Mostofthemhadneverbeenabroadbefore.We’dcrossedtheEnglishChannelatnightandwesetoffthroughFranceandbreakfasttimearrived,andthecoachdriverhadarrangedforustostopatthislittlecafe.Thereweallweretiredandhungryandthenwemadeagreatdiscovery.

W:Whatwasthat?

M:Baconandeggs.

W:Fantastic!TherealEnglishbreakfast.

M:Yes,anywaywedidn’tknowanybetter—sowehadit,andugh…!

W:Whatwasitlike?Disgusting?

M:Ah,itwasincredible.Theyjustgotabowlandputsomefatinit.Andthentheyputsomebaconinthefat,brokeaneggoverthetopandputthewholelotintheovenforabouttenminutes.

W:Intheoven?You’rejoking.Youcan’tcookbaconandeggsintheoven!

M:Well,theymusthavedoneitthatway.Itwashot,butitwasn’tcooked.Therewasjustthiseggfloatingaboutingallonsoffatandrawbacon.

W:[3]Didyouactuallyeatit?

M:[3]No,nobodydid.Theyallwantedtoturnroundandgohome.Youknow,backtoteabagsandfishandchips.Youcan’tblamethemreally.Anyway,thenextnightwewereallgivenanotherforeignspeciality.

W:Whatwasthat?

M:[4]Snails——thatreallyfinishedthemoff.Lovelyholidaythatwas!

1.WhatdidthewomanthinkoftheFrench?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問女士認為法國人怎么樣？錄音開頭，男士對女士說他吃過最糟糕的食物是在法國，女士聽后表示驚訝，因為她認為法國人都是很好的廚師。C選項“法國人都很擅長烹飪食物”是對錄音原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，因此正確。A選項“他們對自家的烹飪感到自豪”；B選項“他們對食物很講究”和D選項“他們喜歡培根和雞蛋”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此可排除。

2.WhodidthemantravelwithonhisfirsttriptoSwitzerland?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問男士第一次去瑞士的時候是和誰一起去的？錄音中提及男士第一次去法國是跟隨他父母的朋友一起去的。因此B選項“他父母的朋友”正確。A選項“他的父母”和C選項“他的明友”均是利用錄音中個別字詞斷章取義；D選項“他的同學”是利用錄音中的whenIwasatschool設置的干擾項，也可排除。

3.WhatdoesthemansayaboutthebreakfastatthelittleFrenchcafe?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關于法國小咖啡館的早餐，男士說了些什么？男士描述了那家法國小咖啡館如何烹飪培根和雞蛋后，女士問男士到底有沒有吃上這道菜，男士馬上說沒有人愿意吃。因此A選項“沒有人吃它”正確。B選項“它煮得有點久”在錄音中并沒有提及；C選項“用餐時沒有配上茶水”只是利用錄音中的teabags作干擾，錄音中并沒有提及是否配有茶水，因此可排除；D選項“它是真正的英式早餐”，在錄音中確實有出現(xiàn)，但這是女士的觀點并不是男士提出來的，不符合題意，因此也可排除。

4.WhatdidthemanthinkofhisholidayinFrance?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問男士認為他在法國的假期怎么樣？在錄音的最后，男士感嘆道：“真是個美好的假期啊！”但是根據(jù)前面錄音男士對那次法國之旅的一系列描述來看，那個假期給他留下的印象并不是很好。由此可知，他最后說的那句實際上是反話。因此，B選項“它相當令人失望”正確。A選項“它實在令人興奮”；C選項“它是一個冒險的經(jīng)歷”和D選項“它真的很特別”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

5.單選題

WhatwetodaycallAmericanfolkartwas,indeed,artof,by,andforordinary,everyday“folks”who,withincreasingprosperityandleisure,createdamarketforartofallkinds,andespeciallyforportraits.Citizensofprosperous,essentiallymiddle-classrepublics—whetherancientRomans,seventeenth-centuryDutchburghers,ornineteenth-centuryAmericans—havealwaysshownamarkedtasteforportraiture.Startinginthelateeighteenthcentury,theUnitedStatescontainedincreasingnumbersofsuchpeople,andoftheartistswhocouldmeettheirdemands.

TheearliestAmericanfolkartportraitscome,notsurprisingly,fromNewEngland—especiallyConnecticutandMassachusetts-forthiswasawealthyandpopulousregionandthecenterofastrongcrafttradition.WithinafewdecadesafterthesigningoftheDeclarationofIndependencein1776,thepopulationwaspushingwestward,andportraitpainterscouldbefoundatworkinwesternNewYork,Ohio,Kentucky,Illinois,andMissouri.Midwaythroughitsfirstcenturyasanation,theUnitedStates’populationhadincreasedroughlyfivetimes,andelevennewstateshadbeenaddedtotheoriginalthirteen.Duringtheseyearsthedemandforportraitsgrewandgrew,eventuallytobesatisfiedbythecamera.In1839thedaguerreotypewasintroducedtoAmerica,usheringintheageofphotography,andwithinagenerationthenewinventionputanendtothepopularityofpaintedportraits.Onceagainanoriginalportraitbecamealuxury,commissionedbythewealthyandexecutedbytheprofessional.

Butintheheydayofportraitpainting—fromthelateeighteenthcenturyuntilthe1850’s—anyonewithamodicumofartisticabilitycouldbecomealimner,assuchaportraitistwascalled.Localcraftspeople一sign,coach,andhousepainters一begantopaintportraitsasaprofitablesideline;sometimesatalentedmanorwomanwhobeganbysketchingfamilymembersgainedalocalreputationandwasbesiegedwithrequestsforportraits;artistsfounditworththeirwhiletopacktheirpaints,canvases,andbrushesandtotravelthecountryside,oftencombininghousedecoratingwithportraitpainting.

1.InLines3-5theauthormentionsseventeenth-centuryDutchburghersasanexampleofagroupthat（

）

2.Accordingtothepassage，whereweremanyofthefirstAmericanfolkartportraitspainted?（

）

3.Theword“this”inLine8refersto（

）

4.Thephrase“usheringin”inLine14isclosestinmeaningto（

）

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcontributedtoadeclineinthedemandforpaintportraits?（

）

問題1選項

A.consistedmainlyofself-taughtartists.

B.appreciatedportraits.

C.influencedAmericanfolkart.

D.hadlittletimeforthearts.

問題2選項

A.InwesternNewYork.

B.InIllinoisandMissouri.

C.InConnecticutandMassachusetts.

D.InOhio.

問題3選項

A.astrongcrafttradition.

B.Americanfolkart.

C.NewEngland.

D.westernNewYork.

問題4選項

A.beginning.

B.demanding.

C.publishing.

D.increasing.

問題5選項

A.Thelackofastrongcrafttradition.

B.Thewestwardmigrationofmanypainters.

C.Thegrowingpreferenceforlandscapepaintings.

D.Theinventionofthecamera.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文意，主要是以荷蘭人為例表達了公民對肖像畫像的偏愛。選項B符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“TheearliestAmericanfolkartportraitscome,notsurprisingly,fromNewEngland—especiallyConnecticutandMassachusetts”第一句就提到最早畫像是來自新英格蘭地區(qū)，選項C符合題意。

3.考查代詞。前一句提到了最早的民間藝術肖像來自新英格蘭地區(qū)，所以后文的this指代這個地區(qū)，選項C符合題意。

4.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文意，人們對肖像的需求越來越多，最終可以被相機所滿足，所以開啟了攝像時代的到來，選項A符合題意。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段,“andwithinagenerationthenewinventionputanendtothepopularityofpaintedportraits.”不到一代人，攝影技術就結(jié)束了繪畫肖像的流行。所以是照相機的發(fā)明終結(jié)了肖像藝術的流行，選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

Inmostpeople'smind,growthisassociatedwithprosperity.WejudgehowwelltheeconomyisdoingbythesizeoftheGrossNationalProduct(GNP),ameasure,supposedly,ofgrowth.Equallyaxiomatic,however,isthenotionthatincreasedpressureondwindlingnaturalresourcesmustinevitablyleadtoadeclineinprosperity,especiallywhenaccompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation.So,whichiscorrect:growthmeansprosperityandnogrowthmeansadversity,orgrowthmeansadversityandnogrowthmeans…what?

Whatgrowthadvocatesmean,primarily,whentheysaygrowthisnecessaryforprosperityisthatgrowthisnecessaryforthesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystem.InonearenatheargumentinfavorofgrowthisparticularlycompellingandthatiswithregardtotheThirdWorld.Toargueagainstgrowth,otherthanpopulationgrowth,inlightofThirdWorldpovertyanddegradationseemscallous,ifnotcruel,thepompouspostulatingofthecomfortableandthesecure.Butisit?Coulditbethatgrowth,especiallythegrowthofthewealthiercountries,hascontributedtotheimpoverishment,nottheadvancementsofThirdWorldcountries?Ifnot,howdoweaccounttorthedesperatestraitsthesecountriesfindthemselvesintodayafteracenturyofdedicationtogrowth?

ToseehowthismightbethecasewemustlookattheimpactofgrowthonThirdWorldcountries-thereality,nottheabstractstages-of-economic-growthnostrumpropoundedthroughrose-coloredglassesbyacademiciansofthedevelopedworld.WhatgoodisgrowthtothepeopleoftheThirdWorldifitmeanstheconversionofpeasantfarmsintomechanizedagri-businessesproducingcommoditiesnotforlocalconsumptionbutforexport,ifitmeansthestrippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasurestothebenefitofforeigninvestorsandahandfuloftheirlocalcollaborators,ifitmeanstheassumptionofacrushingforeignindebtedness,theproceedsofwhichgoesnotintothedevelopmentofthecountrybutintothepurchaseofluxurycars,thepaddingofSwissbankaccounts,andthebuyingofcondominiumsinMiami?

Admittedly,thisisanoversimplification,whichappliestonocountryinitsentiretyandtosomecountriesnotatall.Butthepoint,Ibelieve,remainsvalid:thatgrowthinunderdevelopedcountriescannotsimplybejudgedintheabstract;itmustbejudgedbasedonthetruenatureofgrowthinthesesocieties,onwhobenefitsandwhoisharmedonwheregrowthisleadingthesepeopleandwhereithasleftthem.Whenconsideredinthisway,itjustmightbethatinthepresentcontextgrowthismoredetrimentaltothewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearththanbeneficial.

So,doweneedgrowthforprosperity?Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer.Butthatisatestnoteasilyundertaken.Moderneconomiesareincrediblycomplexphenomena,atributetoman'sabilitytoorganizeandachallengetohisabilitytounderstanding.Anythingthataffectstheirfunctioning,suchasapolicyofzerogrowth,shouldnotbeproposedwithoutawaryprudenceandaself-doubtinghumility.Butiftheprospectofleapingintotheeconomicunknownisfear-inspiring,equallysoistheprospectoflettingthatfearpreventusfromactingwhenthefailuretoactcouldmeanuntoldmiseryforfuturegenerationsandperhapsenvironmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

2.ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that（）.

3.WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat（）.

4.Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity（）.

5.Theansweroftheauthortothequestion"Doweneedgrowthforprosperity"is（）.

問題1選項

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.

B.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.

D.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.

問題2選項

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountries

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountries

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanisms

問題3選項

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromit

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopment

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossible

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintact

問題4選項

A.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowth

B.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowth

C.isatributetoman'sabilityandcreativity

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophes

問題5選項

A.negative

B.positive

C.vague

D.inconclusive

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)文章第一段第三句"Equallyaxiomatic,...,especiallywhenaccompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation."同樣不言自明的是,對日益減少的自然資源施加越來越大的壓力必然導致繁榮的衰落,特別是在伴隨人口增長的情況下。選項B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)原文二三段的內(nèi)容可知,作者在第二段提出問題：富裕國家的增長是否導致了第三世界國家的貧困,而不是進步？如果不是這樣的話,那么又怎么解釋這些國家為什么在致力于增長的一個世紀之后,今天仍處于絕望而不可自拔的境地呢？作者在第三段給出了答案,這種增長并沒有給這些國家的人們帶來好處,而是讓外國投資者及少數(shù)本地合作者獲益。選項C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知：經(jīng)濟增長對第三世界國家的人們并無好處,因為他們的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品是為了出口,礦產(chǎn)和其他資源被剝奪,而他們卻要背負沉重的外債,這只會讓國外投資者和少數(shù)本地人獲益。所以選項A符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第五段的一二句"So,doweneedgrowthforprosperity?Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer."我們需要增長來實現(xiàn)繁榮嗎?采用零增長也可以保持社會經(jīng)濟的繁榮。選項A符合原文。

5.結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知,作者對增長持否定的態(tài)度,因為增長給第三世界國家以及環(huán)境帶來了種種危害,所以本題選A。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

7.單選題

Dowomentendtodevaluetheworthoftheirwork?Dotheyapplydifferentstandardstorewardingtheirownworkmorecriticallythantheydotorewardingtheworkofothers?ThesewerethequestionsaskedbyMichiganStateUniversitypsychologistsLawrenceMesseandCharleneCallahan-Levy.Pastexperimentshadshownthatwhenwomenwereaskedtodecidehowmuchtopaythemselvesandotherpeopleforthesamejob,theypaidthemselvesless.Followinguponthisfinding,MesseandCallahan-Levydesignedexperimentstotestseveralpopularexplanationsofwhywomentendtogetlessinpaysituations.

Onetheorythepsychologiststestedwasthatwomenjudgetheirownworkmoreharshlythanthatofothers.ThesubjectsfortheexperimenttestingthistheoryweremenandwomenfromtheMichiganStateundergraduatestudentbody.Thejobthesubjectswereaskedtoperformforpaywasanopinionquestionnairerequiringanumberofshortessaysoncampus-relatedissues.Aftercompletingthequestionnaire,somesubjectsweregivensixdollarsinbillsandchangeandwereaskedtodecidepaymentforthemselves.Othersweregiventhesameamountandwereaskedtodecidepaymentforanothersubjectwhohadalsocompletedthequestionnaire.

Thepsychologistsfoundthat,asinearlierexperiments,thewomenpaidthemselveslessthanthemenpaidthemselves.Theyalsofoundthatthewomenpaidthemselveslessthantheypaidotherwomenandlessthanthemenpaidthewomen.Thedifferencesweresubstantial.Theaveragepaidtowomenbythemselveswas$2.97.Theaveragepaidtomenbythemselveswas$4.06.Theaveragepaidtowomenbyotherswas$4.37.Inspiteofthedifferences,thepsychologistsfoundthatthemenandthewomenintheexperimentevaluatedtheirownperformancesonthequestionnaireaboutequallyandbetterthantheexpectedperformancesofothers.

Onthebasisofthesefindings,MesseandCallahan-Levyconcludedthatwomen'sattachmentofacomparativelylowmonetaryvaluetotheirworkcannotbebasedentirelyontheirjudgmentoftheirownability.

1.Theexperimentdesignedinthepassagewouldbemostrelevanttotheformulation(表述)ofatheoryconcerningthe________.

2.HowistheresearchofMesseandCallahan-Levyrelatedtoearlierexperimentsinthesamefield?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbythefactsstatedinthepassage?

4.TheworkofMesseandCallahan-Levytendstosupportwhichofthefollowingnotions?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________.

問題1選項

A.generallylowersalariesreceivedbywomenworkersincomparisontomen

B.reluctanceofsomewomentoenterprofessionsthataretraditionallydominatedbymen

C.anxietyexpressedbysomewomenworkersindealingwithmalesupervisors

D.prejudicesoftensufferedbywomeninattemptingtoentertheworkforce

問題2選項

A.Itsuggestsaneedtodiscardmethodsusedinearlierexperiments.

B.Ittendstoweakentheassumptionsonwhichearlierexperimentsweredesigned.

C.Itsuggeststhattheproblemrevealedinearlierexperimentsmaybemorewidespreadthanpreviouslythought.

D.Ithelpstoexplainaphenomenonrevealedinearlierexperiments

問題3選項

A.Mentendtopaythemselvesmorethantheypayothermenforthesamework.

B.Womentendtopaymenmorethantheypayotherwomenforthesamework.

C.Mentendtopaywomenlessthantheypayothermenforthesamework.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問題4選項

A.Womenaregenerallylessconcernedwithfinancialrewardsfortheirworkthanmenare.

B.Menarewillingtopaywomenmorethanwomenarewillingtopaythemselves.

C.Paymentforworkshouldgenerallybedirectlyrelatedtothequalityofthework.

D.Womenjudgetheirownworkmorecruciallythantheyjudgetheworkofmen.

問題5選項

A.itisnotalwaysreliabletomeasurewomen’sabilitybyhowmuchtheyearn

B.womenwouldratherattachimportancetosacrificesthanaskforrepaymentfortheirwork

C.womentendtoassesstheirabilityofworkbytheirownself-worthratherthanmonetaryvalues

D.womengenerallyremainindifferenttohowmuchmoneytheyshouldobtainfromtheirwork

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句MesseandCallahan-Levydesignedexperimentstotestseveralpopularexplanationsofwhywomentendtogetlessinpaysituations（Messe和Callahan-Levy設計了一些實驗，以檢驗為什么女性的薪酬往往較低的幾種流行學說），可知實驗是為了驗證女性工資普遍較低的相關話題，A選項“與男性相比，女性員工的工資普遍較低”正確。B選項“一些女性不愿意進入傳統(tǒng)上由男性主導的職業(yè)”，C選項“一些女性員工在與男性主管打交道時表現(xiàn)出焦慮”和D選項“在試圖進入職場時，女性經(jīng)常遭受偏見”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此A選項正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句Pastexperimentshadshownthat…Followinguponthisfinding,MesseandCallahan-Levydesignedexperimentstotestseveralpopularexplanationsofwhywomentendtogetlessinpaysituations.（過去的實驗表明……在這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的基礎上，Messe和Callahan-Levy設計了一些實驗，以檢驗為什么女性的薪酬往往較低的幾種流行學說），結(jié)合第三段第一句asinearlierexperiments…Theyalsofoundthat…（與之前的實驗一樣……他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)……），可知Messe和Callahan-Levy的實驗是為了解釋之前實驗現(xiàn)象的原因，結(jié)果與之前的實驗結(jié)果如出一轍，并且有進一步的發(fā)現(xiàn)，可以為先前的實驗提供進一步的解釋，D選項“有助于解釋在之前實驗中發(fā)現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象”正確。A選項“表明有必要拋棄在之前實驗中使用的方法”：文中沒有提到早期實驗的方法以及對此的看法，屬于無中生有。B選項“傾向于削弱之前實驗設計所依據(jù)的假設”：其結(jié)果印證了之前的假設，屬于反向干擾。C選項“表明早期實驗揭示的問題可能比以前認為的更廣泛”：文中沒有提到在早期實驗之前的觀點，屬于無中生有。因此D選項正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。A選項“做同樣的工作，男性付給自己的報酬往往比別人的多”：文中沒有對比男性給自己的和給其他人的金錢差異，屬于無中生有。B選項“做同樣的工作，女性往往付給男性的錢比給其他女性的多”：根據(jù)第三段第一二句thewomenpaidthemselveslessthanthemenpaidthemselves…womenpaidthemselveslessthantheypaidotherwomenandlessthanthemenpaidthewomen.（女性給自己的報酬低于男性給自己的報酬……女性給自己的報酬低于其他女性，也低于男性給女性的報酬），文中沒有對比女性給其他女性和男性的報酬，屬于無中生有。C選項“做同樣的工作，男性付給女性的錢往往比給其他男性的少”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。D選項“以上都不是”：A、B、C選項都不正確，因此D選項正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句thewomenpaidthemselves…lessthanthemenpaidthewomen（女性付給自己的錢比男性付給女性的少），可知男性付給女性的報酬比女性給自己的報酬高，B選項“男性愿意支付給女性的薪水要高于女性愿意支付給自己的薪水”正確。A選項“與男性相比，女性一般不太關心工作的經(jīng)濟報酬”：根據(jù)最后一段women'sattachmentofacomparativelylowmonetaryvaluetotheirwork（女性對其工作相對較低的金錢價值依戀），可知女性沒有男性那么渴望較高的報酬，但不代表女性不關心自己得到的報酬是多少，屬于推理過度。C選項“工作報酬一般應與工作質(zhì)量直接相關”和D選項“女性評判自己的工作比男性的工作更重要”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此B選項正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段women'sattachmentofacomparativelylowmonetaryvaluetotheirworkcannotbebasedentirelyontheirjudgmentoftheirownability（女性對其工作相對較低的金錢價值依戀，不能完全基于她們對自己能力的判斷），可知女性不那么追求高報酬，并不是因為能力低，A選項“用收入多少來衡量女性的能力并不總是可靠的”正確。B選項“婦女寧愿重視犧牲，也不愿要求對她們工作的回報”和D選項“女性通常對她們應該從工作中獲得多少錢漠不關心”：雖然女性沒有要求那么高的報酬，但不至于對錢漠不關心，愿意做出巨大的犧牲，屬于推理過度。C選項“女性傾向于通過自我價值而不是金錢價值來評估自己的工作能力”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此A選項正確。

8.單選題

Thebarintheclubisforthe（）useofitsmembers.

問題1選項

A.extensive

B.exclusive

C.inclusive

D.comprehensive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項extensive“廣泛的，大量的”；B選項exclusive“獨有的，專一的”；C選項inclusive“包含的，包括的”；D選項comprehensive“綜合的，廣泛的”。句意：俱樂部內(nèi)的酒吧僅對會員開放。由選項意思和句意可知，A選項符合句意。

9.單選題

Sheisextremely（）,alwaysreadytoagreewithotherpeople’swishes.

問題1選項

A.mellow

B.moderate

C.adaptable

D.supple

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項mellow“圓潤的，柔和的，成熟的”；B選項moderate“穩(wěn)健的，適度的，適中的”；adaptable“適應性強的，能適應的”；D選項supple“柔軟的。靈活的，逢迎的（含貶義）”。句意：她_____，總是樂于同意別人的想法。此處A、B和D代入原句都不通順，只有C選項代入譯為“她適應性極強”，因此C選項符合題意。

10.單選題

Mrs.Greenhasbeenlivingintownonlyoneyear,yetsheseemstobe（）witheveryonewhocomestothestore.

問題1選項

A.accepted

B.admitted

C.admired

D.acquainted

【答案】D

【解析】acquaint使認識,

使了解；accept接受；admit招收,

承認；admire

欽佩,

贊美,

羨慕。beacquaintedwithsb.為固定搭配，意為與...相識。句意：格林夫人在城里只住了一年，但她似乎認識來商店的每一個人。

11.單選題

Overtheyears,JimmyConnors()phenomenaldisplaysoftennisandtemperamentattheUSOpenlastweek,heexhibitedbothagain.

問題1選項

A.hastreatedspectatorswith

B.hastreatedspectatorsfor

C.hastreatedspectators

D.hastreatedspectatorsto

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。treat…with…“用……招待……”。句意：過去幾年，JimmyConnors曾向觀眾展現(xiàn)了他的網(wǎng)球球技及個性特點，在上周的美國公開賽上，他再次展現(xiàn)了這兩點。因此A選項符合題意。

12.單選題

Sincethefirstbrainscannerwasconstructedseveralyearsago,computedtomographyorcomputedmedicalimagery,hasbecomefairlywidelyused.ItsrapidacceptanceisduetothefactthatithasovercomeseveralofthedrawbacksofconventionalX-raytechnology.

Tobeginwith,conventionaltwo-dimensionalX-raypicturescannotshowalloftheinformationcontainedinathree-dimensionalobject.Thingsatdifferentdepthsaresuperimposed,causingconfusiontotheviewer.Computedtomographycangivethree-dimensionalinformation.Thecomputerisabletoreconstructpicturesofthebody'sinteriorbymeasuring