考研考博-英語-山東大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Histemperandpersonalityshowthathecanbecomeasoldierofthetop______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.circle

B.rank

C.category

D.grade

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.circle圓圈B.rank（尤指較高的）地位，級(jí)別

C.category（人或事物的）類別，種類D.grade等級(jí)，品級(jí)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞soldier和top可知，此處是指最高軍銜的軍人，而rank指人在社會(huì)中的地位或等級(jí)，尤指軍隊(duì)中的軍銜，符合句意，故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C項(xiàng)不符合句意；

D項(xiàng)是指按照地位或優(yōu)劣劃分的等級(jí)，是比較寬泛的等級(jí)，放在句中不恰當(dāng)。

【句意】他的脾氣和個(gè)性表明他能成為一名有最高軍銜的軍人。

2.單選題

Nobodylikestakingexams;examsinyourownlanguagecanbestressfulenoughbutsomehowexamsinaforeignlanguagealwaysseemtocausemoreworryandanxiety.Well,thegoodnewsisthat,ifyou（1）somesimplesteps,takingEnglishlanguageexamscanbereallyquite（2）Itwon'texactlybefun,butitcertainlyshouldn'tgiveyoutoomanyheadachesorsleeplessnights.

Ifyouareplanningto（3）oneofthewell-knownexamssuchasCambridgeFirstCertificate,youwillprobablyfindthatthere'sapreparationcourse（4）ataschoolnearyou.Checkthattheschoolhasagood（5）ofexamssuccessandthattheteacheris（6）.

Itisagoodideatoaskifyouwillbegivenhomeworkand（7）yourwrittenwillbemarkedbyateacherwhoknowsthelevelofEnglish（8）bytheexam.

Ifyoutakeanexampreparationcourseyourteacherwillgiveyoualltheinformationyouneedandyouwillfindthat（9）intheclasshelpsyoutostudymoreeffectively.Butyouwillstillneedto（10）inalotofworkyourself(afterall,theteachercan'ttaketheexamforyou.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mind

B.walk

C.follow

D.keep

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.fascinating

B.painless

C.enjoyable

D.marvelous

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.have

B.prepare

C.participate

D.take

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.possible

B.available

C.offering

D.existing

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.management

B.foundation

C.expectation

D.record

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.experience

B.experiencing

C.experienced

D.experiences

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.how

B.that

C.what

D.whether

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.required

B.determined

C.corresponded

D.accorded

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.going

B.coming

C.being

D.getting

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.put

B.act

C.sit

D.give

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:D

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:A

【解析】（1）固定搭配。followsomesimplesteps遵循一些簡(jiǎn)單的步驟。

（2）形容詞辨析。句意:如果遵循一些簡(jiǎn)單的步驟,參加英語考試就不那么了。fascinating迷人的。painless無痛的。enjoyable:令人享受的,令人愉快的。marvelous:了不起的，非凡的，令人驚異的。

（3）固定搭配。preparer后面跟for,participate后面跟in。而take可以作及物動(dòng)詞,后面接exams。

（4）形容詞辨析。句意:可以在就近的學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)到一些預(yù)備課程。possible可能的,合適的。available可得到的，可利用的。offering提供。existing目前的，現(xiàn)存的。因此B項(xiàng)符合句意。

（5）名詞辨析。句意:要審核申請(qǐng)人平時(shí)在校的考試記錄。management管理，操縱，管理人員。foundation基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)。expectation期待，預(yù)期。record檔案，履歷，記錄。故選D。

（6）語法分析。句意:要審核申請(qǐng)人平時(shí)在校的考試記錄，以及教師是否經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富。experience:n.經(jīng)驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷，體驗(yàn)。experiencing:experience的現(xiàn)在分詞。experienced:富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的。experiences:n.經(jīng)歷，體驗(yàn)；experience的復(fù)數(shù)?？涨盀閎e動(dòng)詞is,因此空格處應(yīng)為形容詞。故選C。

（7）語義連接。ifyouwillbegivenhomeworkand：你是否有家庭作業(yè)以及…。and連接前后兩個(gè)表示并列成分的句子，前面用了if,據(jù)此可以推出后面也需用類似的連詞。

（8）語義連接。句意:老師知道考試需要/規(guī)定的英語水平。required:必需的，必修的。determined:堅(jiān)決的。corresponded:correspond的過去分詞，相符，符合。accorded:accord的過去分詞，符合，一致。故選A。

（9）語法分析。beingintheclass:在課堂中。

（10）固定搭配。句意:但是你依然得投入很多到工作中。putin:傾注，投入（金錢，時(shí)間、努力等）。sitin:參加靜坐示威。givein:屈服，讓步，上交。act后面不接in。故選A。

3.單選題

GoingGreenAfterGray

VisantoMelina,R.D.,gotthesurpriseofhercareerlastyear,whentheSeattle-basedvegetariannutritionistwasaskedtogiveaseminaronvegetarianismataseniorcitizencenter."Ithoughtthere'dbefourorfivepeople."shesays.Instead,theroomwaspackedwithseniorswhohadpaida$5feetohearheradvice.Andtheirinterestinbetterhealthwasn'tonlykeen;itwasinformed."They'veobviouslybeenpayingattentiontonewresearch,"shesays.

IfMelinastudieddemographictrendsforaliving,sheprobablywouldn'thavebeensosurprised.Trendwatchershaveverifiedanintriguingnewphenomenon.Olderpeopleareturningtoavegetariandietinever-increasingnumbers.Notsurprisingly,demographicsaredrivingthedrift.Bytheyear2005,peoplebornbetween1949and1963theBabyBoomGeneration,willmakeup38percentoftheAmericanpopulation.Furthermore,statisticssuggestthiseducated,health-conscious,rebelliousandrelativelyaffluentcontingentfitsthetraditionalvegetarianprofile.Addtothefactthatolderpeopleseeknatural,pleasantwaystocombatproblemsassociatedwithaging—weightgain,highercholesterolandbloodpressure,increasedcancerriskandimpaireddigestion—andyouhaverealmotivationtogomeatless,saysSuzanneHavala,R.D.,authoroftheAmericanDieteticAssociation'spositionpaperonvegetarianism.

Quantifyingthisnewtrendisn'teasy,buta1994studybyHealthFocusInc.,anindependentresearchorganizationbasedinDesMoines.Iowa,foundthatshoppersoverage50arecuttingdownontheirconsumptionofredmeatoreliminatingitfromtheirdietsentirely.Morecompellingevidencefortheseniorsurgetowardvegetarianismcomesfromvegetariangroupsnationwide,whichreportaswellintheranksofoldervegetarians.Forexample,oneoutoffivemembersofthenewSyracuse(N.Y.)AreaVegetarianEducationSocietyisover50;unusuallyhighforafledglingorganization.Andtwo-thirdsofthe850-memberVegetarianSocietyofHonoluluarealsomembersoftheAmericanAssociationofRetiredPersons,societyexecutivessay.

Aninformalpollofolderpeoplesuggestsbetterhealthisoftenthemainincentiveandobjectiveforturningveg.ThreeyearsagoNancyRoberts,a53-year-oldmagazineeditor,foundherselfdoingwhatmanypeopledoovertheholidays:overindulginginrichtreats.However,thistimeitmadeherin."Thecrashfeltliketheflu,"shesays.Bychance,Robertswasaskedtoeditsomevegetarianrecipesduringthatsameperiod.Shemadeafewathome,andher"flu"disappeared.

Moredramatically,RuthHeidrichbelievesvegetarianismsavedherlife.The61-year-oldmarathonerandtriathletewasdiagnosedwithbreastcancer14yearsago,atage47.Whenaninitialbiopsyindicatedfarmorecancerthanherdoctorshadthought,shewasreadytotakedesperatemeasures.Onthedayofthediagnosis,shespottedanewspaperadlookingforvolunteerstoenrollinastudyofbreastcanceranddiet,conductedbyJohnMcDougall,M.D.,aleadingadvocateoftheuseofdiettofightdisease.AftermeetingMcDougallandreviewingwhatshesayswasaneight-inchthickfileofstatisticslinkingahigh-fatdietwithbreastcancer,HeidrichconvertedfromatraditionalAmericandiettoanextremelylow-fatregimenwithnoanimalproducts."Ididn'tevenhaveskimmilkonmycereal,"shesays.Afteramastectomyandreconstructivesurgery,sheiscancer-free.Sheneverhadtoundergoradiationtreatmentorchemotherapyandbelievesherstrictvegetariandiethelpedspeedherrecoveryfromsurgery.

1.WhatdoesVisantoMelinameanwhenshesaystheelderlycitizenswhoattendedherseminarwere"informed"onthesubjectofbetterhealth?

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"…demographicsaredrivingthedrift"?

3.WhydidNancyRobertsfallill?

4.HowdidNancyRobertsrecoverfromherillness?

5.Whyisthepassagetitled"GoingGreenAfterGray"?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhadaclearunderstandingofthesubject.

B.Theywantedmoreinformationonthesubject.

C.Theywereinformedofthelatestresearchonthesubject.

D.Theywereextremelyknowledgeableaboutthelatestdevelopmentsonthesubject.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ThehugeBabyBoomGenerationhavedecidedtobecomevegetarians.

B.Thegrowingtrendtowardvegetarianismisduetoanincreaseinthenumberofolderpeople.

C.Seniorcitizensbelievethatgoingmeatlessisanaturalandpleasantwaytocombatproblemsofaging.

D.Moreandmorepeopleofallagesaregoingonavegetariandiettostayhealthy.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseshecaughttheflu.

B.Becausesheoverexertedherselfduringtheholidays.

C.Becauseshewasonahigh-fatdiet.

D.Becausesheatetoomuchrichfood.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Bygoingonanextremelylow-fatregimen.

B.Byeatingsomevegetariandishesathome.

C.Bynotevenhavingskimmilkwithhercereal.

D.Byfollowingastrictvegetariandiet.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplewhohavegrayhairliketoeatvegetables.

B.Avegetariandietisgoodforelderlypeople.

C.Olderpeopletendtobecomevegetarians.

D.Seniorsliketoattendseminarsonvegetarianism.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段的最后兩句"They'veobviouslybeenpayingattentiontonewresearch."他們顯然一直在關(guān)注新的研究。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段的內(nèi)容可知,老年人口成為素食主義者的數(shù)量在不斷增加,人口統(tǒng)計(jì)是素食主義者數(shù)量增加的推動(dòng)力,因?yàn)槔夏耆丝诘臄?shù)量在日益增加。選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.根據(jù)文章第四段的二三句"ThreeyearsagoNancyRoberts,...itmadeherin."53歲的雜志編輯NancyRoberts跟其他人一樣,在假期里吃了太多的美味佳肴。很不幸這次卻讓她病倒了。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.根據(jù)文章第四段的最后兩句"Bychance,Roberts...,andher"flu"disappeared."一次偶然的機(jī)會(huì),Roberts被要求編輯一些素食食譜。她自己也在家做了一些,她的病也隨之好了。所以,Nancy是因?yàn)樵诩页粤怂厥乘圆『昧?選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.本文主要講越來越多的老年人開始成為素食主義者。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可推斷,Green指的是健康的生活方式;Gray則是指代的老年人群體。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

4.單選題

ThemosteffectivewayIknowtoimproveyourwritingistodofreewritingexercisesregularly.Atleastthreetimesaweek.Theyaresometimescalled“automaticwriting”，“babbling”,or“jabbering”exercises.Theideaissimplytowritefortenminutes(lateron,perhapsfifteenortwenty).Don’tstopforanything.Goquicklywithoutrushing.Neverstoptolookback,tocrosssomethingout,towonderhowtospellsomething,towonderwhatwordorthoughttouse,ortothinkaboutwhatyouaredoing.Ifyoucan’tthinkofawordorspelling,justuseasquiggleorelsewrite,“Ican’tthinkofit.”Justputdownsomething.Theeasiestthingisjusttoputdownwhateverisinyourmind.Ifyougetstuck,it’sfinetowrite“Ican’tthinkwhattosay,Ican’tthinkwhattosay”asmanytimesasyouwant;orrepeatthelastwordyouwroteoverandoveragain;oranythingelse.Theonlyrequirementisthatyouneverstop.

Whathappenstoafreewritingexerciseisimportant.Itmustbeapieceofwritingwhich,evenifsomeonereadsit,doesn’tsendanyripplesbacktoyou.Itislikewritingsomethingandputtingitinabottleinthesea.Theteacherlessclasshelpsyourwritingbyprovidingmaximumfeedback.Freewritingshelpyoubyprovidingnofeedbackatall.WhenIassignone,Iinvitethewritertoletmereadit.Butalsotellhimtokeepitifheprefers.IreaditquicklyandmakenocommentsatallandIdonotspeakwithhimaboutit.Themainthingisthatafreewritingmustneverbeevaluatedinanyway;infacttheremustbenodiscussionorcommentatall.

Freewritingmayseemcrazybutactuallyitmakessimplesense.Thinkofthedifferencebetweenspeakingandwriting.Writinghastheadvantageofpermittingmoreediting.Butthat’sitsdownfalltoo.Almosteverybodyinterposesamassiveandcomplicatedseriesofeditingsbetweenthetimethewordsstarttobebornintoconsciousnessandwhentheyfinallycomeoftheendofthepencilortypewriterontothepage.Thisispartlybecauseschoolingmakesusobsessedwiththe“mistakes”wemakeinwriting.Manypeopleareconstantlythinkingaboutspellingandgrammarastheytrytowrite.Iamalwaysthinkingabouttheawkwardness,wordiness,andgeneralmushinessofmynaturalverbalproductasItrytowritedownwords.

1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingisencouragedaboutfreewriting?

3.Accordingtothepassage,thephrase“getstuck”isclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?

4.Theauthorbelievesthatcomparedwithspeaking,writing（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTageneralpracticeinfreewriting,accordingtotheauthor?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Topointouttheonlyeffectivewayofimprovingwriting.

B.Torevealthecrazyfeatureof“automaticwriting”.

C.Tourgereaderstotrytodofreewritingexercisesregularly.

D.Todescribetheprocessoffreewriting

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thinkingaboutspellingandgrammaraswetrytowrite.

B.Teachersaresupposedtoprovidefeedbackormakecommentsaboutapieceofwriting.

C.Crossoutthoseideasthatseemtobeambiguous.

D.Neverworryaboutthe“mistakes”wemakeinwriting.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Unabletodoanymoreofsomethingthatyouareworkingonbecauseitistoodifficult

B.Fixedinaparticularpositionandimpossibletomove

C.Unabletoescapefromaboringsituation

D.Startdoingsomethingeagerlyandwithalotofenergy.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hastheadvantageofpermittingmoreediting

B.functionsmoreasaconsciousprocessofcorrecting“mistake”

C.isjusttoputdownwhateverisinyourmind

D.makesmoresensethansimplyputtingdownwords

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Writingdownwhateverisinyourmind.

B.Payingnoattentiontospelling,dictionorgrammarwhilewriting.

C.Writingsomethingandputtingitinabottleinthesea.

D.Ignoringallpossiblemistakeswhilewriting.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:作者意圖題。文章首先介紹了自由寫作，包括其注意事項(xiàng)以及方式和特征，在最后一段的開頭也強(qiáng)調(diào):Freewritingmayseemcrazybutactuallyitmakessimplesense(自由寫作也許看起來非常瘋狂，但是這里面的道理很簡(jiǎn)單)。最后對(duì)比了學(xué)校的寫作教育和自由寫作，因此B項(xiàng)“揭示自由寫作”比較符合文章的目的。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:寫作時(shí)思考拼寫和語法。B:老師應(yīng)該對(duì)一篇文章做出反饋或評(píng)論。C:把那些看起來模棱兩可的想法去掉。D:永遠(yuǎn)不要擔(dān)心寫作時(shí)會(huì)“犯錯(cuò)”。第一段指出:Neverstoptolookback,tocrosssomethingout,towonderhowtospellsomething(不要停下來去回顧已經(jīng)寫的內(nèi)容，去劃掉一部分，去思考單詞該怎么拼寫)，因此A項(xiàng)跟C項(xiàng)不是自由寫作所鼓勵(lì)的。由“Freewritingshelpyoubyprovidingnofeedbackatall(自由寫作通過不提供任何的反饋來達(dá)到幫助的目的)”可知B項(xiàng)也不是自由寫作所鼓勵(lì)的，故選D。

第3題:詞義題?！癵etstuck”出現(xiàn)在第一段:Ifyougetstuck,it’sfinetowrite“Ican’tthinkwhattosay,Ican’tthinkwhattosay”asmanytimesasyouwant(如果你getstuck，你可以直接寫我不知道該寫什么”)。由此推斷出文章中的getstuck指的是在寫作過程中遇到困難，不知道該寫什么內(nèi)容以及不知道該怎么寫，故答案選項(xiàng)為A。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。Thinkofthedifferencebetweenspeakingandwriting.Writinghastheadvantageofpermittingmoreediting(思考一下說話和寫作之間的區(qū)別。寫作的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是可以寫下很多)，A項(xiàng)是對(duì)此句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故選A。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Theeasiestthingisjusttoputdownwhateverisinyourmind(最簡(jiǎn)單的就是把出現(xiàn)在腦海中的東西都寫下來)，由此可知A是自由寫作的訓(xùn)練方法之一。第一段還指出:Neverstoptolookback,tocrosssomethingout,towonderhowtospellsomething(不要停下來去回顧已經(jīng)寫的內(nèi)容，去劃掉一些部分，去思考單詞該怎么拼寫)，最后一段指出:Manypeopleareconstantlythinkingaboutspellingandgrammarastheytrytowrite.Iamalwaysthinkingabouttheawkwardness,wordiness,andgeneralmushinessofmynaturalverbalproductasItrytowritedownwords(許多人在寫作的時(shí)候都會(huì)頻繁地去思考拼寫和語法的問題。我在寫東西的時(shí)候通常會(huì)去思考詞不達(dá)意、冗長(zhǎng)、模糊不清等方面的問題)。由此可知B和D屬于自由寫作的訓(xùn)練方法，而C項(xiàng)誤解了文章中的比喻修辭手法，因此答案選C。

5.單選題

Thechild’shystericalcrying（）thedoctorfromcompletinghisexamination.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fostered

B.spurred

C.impeded

D.sustained

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。foster“培養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育”；spur“激勵(lì)，鞭策”；impede“阻礙”；sustain“維持”。句意：那孩子歇斯底里的哭聲妨礙了醫(yī)生完成檢查。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

Itisnotconsidered______tolitterinpublic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.respectful

B.respective

C.respected

D.respectable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)respectful“恭敬的”，指尊敬他人；B選項(xiàng)respective“分別的”，指各自分別的；C選項(xiàng)respected“受尊敬的”，指受到別人尊敬；D選項(xiàng)respectable“值得尊敬的”，指值得別人尊敬，有好名聲。句意：在公共場(chǎng)所亂扔垃圾被認(rèn)為是值得尊敬的。本句表示亂扔垃圾不值得別人尊敬。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Undertheguidanceoftheirteacher,thepupilsarebuildingamodelboat（）bysteam.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.towed

B.pressed

C.tossed

D.propelled

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)towed“拖，拉”；B選項(xiàng)pressed“按，壓”；C選項(xiàng)tossed“拋，揚(yáng)起”；D選項(xiàng)propelled“推進(jìn)，推動(dòng)”。句意：在老師的指導(dǎo)下，學(xué)生們正在制作一艘由蒸汽推動(dòng)的模型船。本句表示推進(jìn)船的動(dòng)力，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

TheEuropeanUnioncountrieswereonceworriedthattheywouldnothave（

）suppliesofpetroleum.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.proficient

B.efficient

C.potential

D.sufficient

【答案】D

【解析】句意:歐盟國(guó)家曾擔(dān)心他們石油供應(yīng)不足。

形容詞辨析。Proficient熟練的，精通的;efficient有效率的，生效的;potential潛在的，可能的;sufficient足夠的，充分的。故D符合句意。

9.單選題

Whereashistoriansoncemaintainedthatscienceis（

）otherenterprises,theyhavecometorealizethatscienceisactuallyintertwinedwiththevalues,socialassumptions,andintellectualtraditionsofaparticularhistoricalperiod.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dependenton

B.tantamountto

C.ancillaryto

D.distinctfrom

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。dependenton依賴于；ancillaryto從屬的，附屬的。tantamountto等的，相當(dāng)于。distinctfrom與······不同。句意：歷史學(xué)家曾經(jīng)堅(jiān)持科學(xué)是不同于其他事業(yè)的，然而，他們開始認(rèn)識(shí)到科學(xué)是和價(jià)值觀、社會(huì)假設(shè)，以及一個(gè)特定歷史時(shí)期的智慧傳統(tǒng)聯(lián)系在一起的。由后文中的isactuallyintertwinedwith可知空格處與這個(gè)意思相反，故答案D。

10.單選題

Lateralthinking,firstdescribedbyEdwarddcBonoin1967,isjustafewyearsolderthanEdward’sson.YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurousthinker,butdeBono’snamewassofamous,Casper’sparentsworriedthatanytimehewouldsaysomethingbrightatschool,histeachersmightsnap,“Wheredoyougetthatideafrom?”

“Wehadtobecarefulandnotoverdoit,”Edwardadmits.NowCasperisatOxford—whichoncelookedunlikelybecauseheisalsoslightlydyslexic.Infact,whenliewasapplyingtoOxford,noneofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachance.“Sothenwedidseveralthinkingsessions,”hisfathersays,“usingmytechniquesand,whenhewentupfortheexam,hedidextremelywell.”Soonafter,EdwarddeBonodecidedtowritehislatestbook,“TeachYourChildrenHowtoThink”，inwhichhetransformsthethinkingskillshedevelopedforbrain-stormingbusinessmenintoinformalexercisesforparentsandchildrentoshare.

Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence,andeverybodyknowsthatchildrenaren’tverylogical.Soisn’titanuphillbattle,tryingtoteachthemtothink?‘‘Youknow,”EdwarddeBonosays,“ifyouexaminepeople’sthinking,itisquiteunusualtofindfaultsoflogic.Butthefaultsofperceptionarehuge!Oftenwethinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.”“TeachYourChildHowtoThink”offerslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives.

1.WhatisTRUEaboutCasper?

2.CaspersucceededinapplyingtoOxfordbecause（

）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatEdward（

）.

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsexpressesEdwarddeBono’sview?

5.LateralthinkingreferstothefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.HeisEdward'sson.

B.Heisanadventurousthinker.

C.Hefirstdescribedlateralthinking.

D.Heisoftenscoldedbyhisteacher.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.hewascarefulandoftenoverworked

B.allofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachance

C.heusedintheexamthetechniquesprovidedbyhisfather

D.hereadthebook"TeachYourChildHowtoThink”beforetheexam

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.waslikelytoimprovechildren’slogicwithhisbook

B.gaveadescriptionoflateralthinkingseveralyearsafterhissonwasborn.

C.waspromptedtostudylateralthinkingbecausehissonwasslightlydyslexic

D.oncetaughtbusinessmenhowtothinkbeforehewroteforparentsandchildren

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Everybodyknowsthatchildrenaren’tverylogical.

B.Itisanuphillbattletryingtoteachchildrentothink.

C.Weoftenthinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.

D.Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.improvingone’slogicinthinking

B.improvingone’sperceptioninthinking

C.seeingtheimplicationsofwhatyouaresaying

D.exploringthealternativesforwhatyouaresaying

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“”YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurousthinker,butdeBono’snamewassofamous…”，根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but，可判斷你可以想象卡斯帕是一個(gè)敢于大膽的思考者，但是事實(shí)相反。選項(xiàng)B可排除。根據(jù)文章第一句，“Lateralthinking,firstdescribedbyEdwarddcBonoin1967…”，可知橫向思維在1967年由愛德華?波諾首次提出，所以不是卡斯帕首次提出的。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Casper’sparentsworriedthatanytimehewouldsaysomethingbrightatschool,histeachersmightsnap…”，可知卡斯珀的父母擔(dān)心，每當(dāng)他在學(xué)校說一些聰明的話時(shí)，他的老師可能會(huì)叱責(zé)他，可判斷出卡斯珀被老師叱責(zé)是父母擔(dān)心的事，并沒有提到實(shí)際發(fā)生。根據(jù)排除法，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“‘Sothenwedidseveralthinkingsessions,’hisfathersays,‘usingmytechniquesand,whenhewentupfortheexam,hedidextremelywell.’”，可知然后他運(yùn)用父親的思考方式進(jìn)行了練習(xí)，最后考試考得非常好?？膳袛喑鯟asper成功考入牛津大學(xué)的原因是運(yùn)用了父親提供的方法和技巧。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“…h(huán)etransformsthethinkingskills….”，可知愛德華的書是用來傳播他的思考技巧，是為了教孩子們?nèi)绾嗡伎?，并未提及邏輯思維，選項(xiàng)A可排除。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句，“Lateralthinking,firstdescribedbyEdwarddcBonoin1967,isjustafewyearsolderthanEdward’sson.”，可知1967年，愛德華?波諾(EdwarddcBono)首次描述了“橫向思維”，是在愛德華的兒子出生的前幾年提出的?？膳袛喑霾⒉皇窃趦鹤映錾蟛琶枋隽藱M向思維，選項(xiàng)B可排除。因?yàn)閻鄣氯A在兒子出生前幾年就提出了橫向思維，所以不是因?yàn)閮鹤拥脑蚨パ芯窟@種方法，選項(xiàng)C可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句，“…h(huán)etransformsthethinkingskillshedevelopedforbrain-stormingbusinessmenintoinformalexercisesforparentsandchildrentoshare.”，可知他將自己用來培養(yǎng)商人思維的技能轉(zhuǎn)化為供父母和孩子們分享的非正式練習(xí)?？膳袛喑鰫鄣氯A在為父母和孩子寫作之前，曾教商人如何思考。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Oftenwethinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.”，可知愛德華認(rèn)為我們常常思考效率低下，因?yàn)槲覀兊囊曇疤邢?。選項(xiàng)C為文章的原話，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“‘TeachYourChildHowtoThink’offerslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives.”，可知《教你的孩子如何思考》這本書提供認(rèn)知改善的課程，清楚地了解你所說的話的含義，并探索其他選擇?？膳袛喑鰴M向思維涉及的方面包括提升思維認(rèn)知能力，了解說話的含義以及探索自己所說的話的其他可供選擇的表達(dá)，不包括提升邏輯思考能力。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Discontentwiththecostandsometimesimpersonaldeliveryofhealthcarehasfueled

A

B

growthinalternativemedicine,nowa$14billions-a-yearindustry.

C

D

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sometimes

B.hasfueled

C.alternative

D.$14billions-a-year

【答案】B

【解析】考查主謂一致。主語為discontentwiththecost（對(duì)成本的不滿）和impersonaldeliveryofhealthcare（非個(gè)人醫(yī)療服務(wù)的提供）表示的是兩件不同的事，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

試題答案：B;havefueled

12.單選題

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopers,andadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavoconEuropeans’privatelives.

Europe’sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonescameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today’stech-savvyworkershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModemEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage-twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative-darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautiful,strong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.

Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn’tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn’tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult.”O(jiān)nlyanIdealWomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufmann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming,thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates,sorelationshipsdon'tlastlong-iftheystartatall.Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe’dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,“I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.”

1.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause（

）.

2.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare

（

）.

4.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism

B.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage

C.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability

D.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.

B.ItisgettingclosertoAmerican-stylecapitalism.

C.Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket.

D.Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.warmandlighthearted

B.oneithersideofmarriage

C.negativeandgloomy

D.healthyandwealthy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.somemodemwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedom

B.thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEurope

C.someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonely

D.mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners

B.Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism.

C.Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone.

D.Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartoftheirresistiblemomentumofindividualism"overthelastcentury(從家庭生活向獨(dú)身生活方式的轉(zhuǎn)變是上個(gè)世紀(jì)“不可抗拒的個(gè)人主義勢(shì)頭”的一部分)。故選A(他們受到強(qiáng)烈的個(gè)人主義意識(shí)驅(qū)使)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonescameofageduringEurope'sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism(當(dāng)代獨(dú)自生活的這一代人的成長(zhǎng)時(shí)期正是歐洲從社會(huì)民主政治過渡到更精明、更個(gè)性化的美國(guó)風(fēng)格的資本主義氣候的時(shí)期)。因此B項(xiàng)(接近美國(guó)風(fēng)格的資本主義)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位至第三段:Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice(雖然領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金的人，特別是老年婦女，在獨(dú)居者中占很大比例，但最新的單身人群是30多歲和40多歲的高收入者，他們?cè)絹碓桨血?dú)居視為一種生活方式選擇),因此選D:最新的單身人群是healthyandwealthy(健康富有)。

4.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Eppendorf定位至最后一段:shesaysshe'dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife(她從未想要去做她母親所做的一切一一為了照顧家庭，撫育兒女而放棄事業(yè)。我已做了并一直在做想做的事：過一種自主的生活)。由此可知,A項(xiàng)(一些現(xiàn)代女性更喜歡個(gè)人自由的生活)正確。

5.作者意圖題。本文主要寫的是新一代的年輕人受到社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響越來越趨向于個(gè)人獨(dú)居生活，尤其是歐洲青年單身化趨勢(shì)的原因。故C項(xiàng)(探討年輕人獨(dú)居趨勢(shì))比較能概括作者的寫作目的。

13.單選題

Whatissodepressingaboutthiswaristhe_____hatredthatbothsidesfeelforeachother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impartial

B.implacable

C.imploring

D.immu