考研考博-英語-曲阜師范大學考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-曲阜師范大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

AlltheplanetsinthesolarsystemexceptMercuryandVenushavenaturalsatellites,（）objectsthatrevolvearoundtheplanets.

問題1選項

A.which

B.ofwhich

C.whichare

D.andwhich

【答案】C

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。后面的從句中缺少主謂，故C項符合題意。句意：太陽系中除水星和金星外的所有行星都有天然衛(wèi)星，它們是那些圍繞行星旋轉的物體。

2.單選題

Justlikelastyear’ssmartphone,theMate10modelswill________performanceovertimebylearningwhichappsyouuseregularly.

問題1選項

A.optimize

B.substitute

C.legitimate

D.mobilize

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.optimize優(yōu)化，充分利用B.substitute代替，取代

C.legitimate使合法，使正當D.mobilize組織，動員

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“performance（性能）”構成動賓邏輯，表示Mate10這款手機會怎么樣自己的性能，它的方式是“通過了解你經(jīng)常使用的（useregularly）應用程序”，由此可知，這樣會使手機的性能更好。optimize指使某物盡可能好或以最好的方式使用某物，因此A選項optimize“優(yōu)化，充分利用”最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B選項substitute“代替，取代”指用某事物取代另一事物，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

C選項legitimate“使合法，使正當”指使某物或某人合法化，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

D選項mobilize“組織，動員”指組織一群人為達到某一特定目標而共同努力，不能和“performance（性能）”進行搭配。

【句意】就像去年的智能手機一樣，Mate10將通過了解你經(jīng)常使用的應用程序，隨著時間的推移來優(yōu)化性能。

3.單選題

Shellfishgivethe（）appearanceofenjoyingapeacefulexistencealthoughinfactlifeisaconstantstruggleforthem.

問題1選項

A.misled

B.deceptive

C.initial

D.understandable

【答案】B

【解析】句意：貝殼魚給人一種享受平靜生活的假象,但實際上它們的生活是一場不斷的斗爭。misled為動詞,把...帶錯方向,誤導,放在此處不符合語法；deceptive迷惑的,虛偽的；initial最初的；understandable可以理解的。選項B符合句意。

4.單選題

Manyprivateinstitutionsofhighereducationaroundthecountryareindanger.Notallwillbesaved,andperhapsnotalldeservetobesaved.Therearelow-qualityschoolsjustastherearelow-qualitybusinesses.Wehavenoobligationtosamethemsimplybecausetheyexist.

Butmanythrivinginstitutionsthatdeservetocontinuearethreatened.Theyaredoingafinejobeducationally,buttheyarecaughtinafinancialsqueeze,withnowwaytoreducerisingcostorincreaserevenuessignificantly.Raisingtuitiondoesn’tbringinmorerevenue,foreachtimetuitiongoesup,theenrollmentgoesdown,ortheamountthatmustbegivenawayinstudentaidgoesup.Schoolsarebadbusinesses,whetherpublicorprivate,notusuallybecauseofmismanagementbutbecauseofthenatureoftheenterprise.Theylosemoneyoneverycustomer,andtheycangobankrupteitherfromtoofewstudentsortoomanystudents.Evenaverygoodcollegeisaverybadbusiness.

Itissuchcolleges,thrivingbutthreatened,Iworryaboutlowenrollmentisnottheirchiefproblem.Evenwithfullenrollments,theymaygounder.Effectstosavethemandpreferablytokeepthemprivate,arenationalnecessities.Thereisnobasisforarguingthatprivateschoolsareinherentlybetterthanpublicschools.Examplestothecontraryabound.Anyonecannamestateuniversitiesandcollegesthatrankasthefinestinthenationandtheworld.Itisnowinevitablethatpublicinstitutionswillbedominant,andthereforediversityisanationalnecessity.Diversityinthewaywesupportschoolstendstogiveusahealthydiversityintheformsofeducation.Inanimperfectsocietysuchasours,uniformityofeducationthroughoutthenationcouldbedangerous.Inanimperfectsociety,diversityisapositivegood.Ardentsupportersofpublichighereducationknowtheimportanceofsustainingprivatehighereducation.

1.Intheauthor’sopinion,schoolsarebadbusinessbecauseof（

）.

2.Theauthorusedthephrase“gounder”inthethirdparagraphtomean（

）.

3.Wehavereasonablyconcludefromthepassagethattheauthormadeanappealtothepublicinordertosupport

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?

問題1選項

A.mismanagement

B.toofewstudents

C.toomanystudents

D.thenatureofschools

問題2選項

A.getintodifficulties

B.havelowenrollment

C.havelowtuition

D.bringinmoremoney

問題3選項

A.publicinstitutions

B.privateschools

C.uniformityofeducation

D.equalityofeducation

問題4選項

A.High-qualityprivateschoolsdeservetobesaved.

B.Ifthetuitionisraised,theenrollmentgoesdown.

C.Therearemanycasesthatpublicschoolsarebetterthanprivateschools.

D.Privateschoolshavemoremoneythanpublicschools.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。從文章第二段倒數(shù)第三句‘Schoolsarebadbusinesses,whetherpublicorprivate,notusuallybecauseofmismanagementbutbecauseofthenatureoftheenterprise.’可知，不論是公立還是私立，經(jīng)營學校都是一件失敗的生意，這不總是因為管理不善，而是因為辦企業(yè)的本質。再根據(jù)文章下一句“Theylosemoneyoneverycustomer,andtheycangobankrupteitherfromtoofewstudentsortoomanystudents.學校在每一位消費者身上都會賠錢，太少或者太多的生源都會迫使學校走向破產。"所以說學校是一樁賠本的買賣是由學校的本質所決定的。D選項正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第三段前兩句“Itissuchcolleges,thrivingbutthreatened,Iworryaboutlowenrollmentisnottheirchiefproblem.Evenwithfullenrollments,theymaygounder.正是這樣的大學，欣欣向榮卻岌岌可危，我擔心入學率低并不是他們的首要問題。即使是全額注冊，他們也可能會倒閉?！贝_定第三段講述的是學校是如何入不敷出、經(jīng)營不善的。A選項符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段倒數(shù)第五句和倒數(shù)第二句“Inanimperfectsociety,diversityisapositivegood.Itisnowinevitablethatpublicinstitutionswillbedominant,andthereforediversityisanationalnecessity.在一個不完美的社會里，多樣化是一件積極的好事。公共機構將占主導地位，這是不可避免的，因此多樣化是國家的需要。”確定作者并不傾向于哪一種性質的學校，他提倡的是教育的多樣性，即教育的平等性。D選項符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。從第一段第二、三句“Notallwillbesaved,andperhapsnotalldeservetobesaved.Therearelow-qualityschoolsjustastherearelow-qualitybusinesses.不是每一所學校都能被拯救，也不是每一所學校都值得唄拯救。質量低劣的學校就像經(jīng)營不善的生意一樣存在著?！蓖茢郃選項‘只有那些辦學質量高的學校才值得被拯救’正確；根據(jù)文章第二段第三句“foreachtimetuitiongoesup,theenrollmentgoesdown因為每一次伴隨著學費的升高，入學率就會下降”推斷B選項‘如果學費上漲，入學率就會下降。’正確。再根據(jù)文章第三段第四、五、六句“Thereisnobasisforarguingthatprivateschoolsareinherentlybetterthanpublicschools.Examplestothecontraryabound.Anyonecannamestateuniversitiesandcollegesthatrankasthefinestinthenationandtheworld.沒有理由說私立學校天生就比公立學校好，相反的例子比比皆是。任何人都能說出美國和世界上最好的州立大學和學院的名字?！蓖茢郈選項‘有的公立學校的辦學質量好于私立學校‘正確；D選項說私立學校比公立學校更有錢的說法文章中沒有提到。所以本題選D。

5.單選題

Theparentsfeltverydelightedwhentheirdaughterdecidedto（）themoviesanddoherlessons.

問題1選項

A.forgive

B.forbid

C.forgo

D.foresee

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項forgive“原諒”；B選項forbid“禁止”；C選項forgo“放棄，停止”；D選項foresee“預見”。句意：當他們的女兒決定_____看電影而去做功課時，父母感到非常高興。本句表達的意思是，女兒放棄去看電影而做功課，讓父母很開心。因此C選項符合題意。

6.寫作題

Somepeoplebelievethatarangeoftechnologyavailablehasincreasedthegapbetweenrichpeopleandpoorpeople,butothersbelieveithasoppositeeffects.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.

【答案】略

7.單選題

Manyproblemsthatweface,suchasdepression,compulsiveandaddictivebehaviors,andanxiety,resultfromhumaninherentdesiretoseekpleasure.

問題1選項

A.consecutive

B.excessive

C.obsessive

D.possessive

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.consecutive連貫的；連續(xù)不斷的B.excessive過多的

C.obsessive強迫性的；著迷的D.possessive占有的；所有的

【答案】C

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】劃線單詞前面說我們面臨許多行為，這些行為有抑郁和成癮性行為，以及焦慮，都是一些不好的行為，劃線處單詞與這些行為并列，由此可知劃線處單詞也是不好的行為。所以C選項“強迫性”符合題意。劃線單詞compulsive“強迫性的”。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項均不符合句意。

【句意】我們所面臨的許多問題，如抑郁、強迫性和成癮行為，以及焦慮，都是源于人類內在的尋求快樂的欲望。

8.單選題

Alotofpeopleworkedlonghoursbecausehighunemploymentmeantthattheycouldeasilybe().

問題1選項

A.distributed

B.appointed

C.transferred

D.replaced

【答案】D

【解析】句意：許多人工作很長時間，因為高失業(yè)率意味著他們很容易被取代。distributed分散；appointed約定，指定；transferred轉移；replaced取代，替代。選項D符合句意。

9.單選題

Thatstoryyouhavejusttold______meofanexperienceIoncehad.

問題1選項

A.informs

B.recalls

C.reminds

D.refreshes

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項inform“通知，告訴”，B項recall“召回，回想起”，C項remind“提醒，使想起”，D項refresh“更新，恢復精神”。根據(jù)句子可知，remindsb.ofsth.固定搭配，表示“使某人想起某事”。句意：你剛才講的故事使我想起我曾經(jīng)有過的一次經(jīng)歷。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

10.翻譯題

1.Eversinceitscreationover40yearsago，theInternethasremainedapredominantlyunre-strictedplace.Itisaplacewhereanyonecanpresentthemselvesinanyformtheychoose，butwhathappenswhenyourdigitalidentitybeginstomergewithyourreal-worldidentity?Arethosewhochoosetohidetheirrealnamesindangeroflosinganonymityonline?

2.Suchisthepowerofanonymityonthewebthatithasmadeitpossibleforpeople—someof

whommightnormallyberestrictedfromcommunicatingwiththeoutsideworld—tospeakoutwithoutfearingtherepercussionsoftheiractions.Actionscouldputthemindangerifcarriedoutusingtheirrealnames.Concealingone’strueidentityonlinehasmadeitpossibleforfreespeechtobreakthroughthephysicalbarriersenforcedbygovernmentsanddictatorshipsacrosstheworld.

3.Beinganonymousonthewebalsomakesitpossibleforpeopletodiscusssensitivesubjects，suchasmedicalconditions,physicalabuseandsexualorientation，withouttheseactionsaffectingtheireverydaylivesinanegativeorpotentiallyharmfulway.

Therearemanypositivewaystouseanonymityontheweb,buttherecansometimesbeveryde-structivesideeffectstoo，suchasbullying,racism,impersonationofanindividualorindividualswhobelievetheyareunidentifiable.84.Whenthiskindofdamagingactivityiscarriedoutonline，howcantheoffendereverbeheldaccountablefortheiractionswhentheyarealmostentirelyuntraceableinavirtualworld?

85.Alotofthetimetheysimplycannotbeidentifiedandthereforecannotbeheldaccountable，theoffendingindividualhidesbehindapseudonym，maskinghisorhertrueidentityandprotectingthemselvesfromtherepercussionsoftheiractions.Thisallsoundsverycomplicatedtoachieve，butinrealityit’sassimpleassettingupanemailaddress，creatinganonlineprofileunderafalsenameandcarryingoutmaliciousactsfromarandom,nondescriptlocation.

【答案】1.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)從創(chuàng)立以來已有40多年的歷史，但它現(xiàn)在仍然是一個相當不受約束的地方。

在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上，任何人都可以按他們意愿選擇任何方式來展示自己。但是當你的電子身份和現(xiàn)實生活中的身份開始合二為一時，會發(fā)生什么事情呢？

2.網(wǎng)絡匿名的好處是：它可以使那些可能通常被限制與外界溝通的人暢所欲言，并且不用擔心他們的這些行為造成的影響。

3.在網(wǎng)絡上匿名還可以讓人們討論一些敏感話題，比如醫(yī)療條件、身體虐待、性取向等話題。這些行為并不會對他們的日常生活產生消極的或潛在的不利影響。

4.當網(wǎng)絡上出現(xiàn)這種破壞性行為時，違法者在現(xiàn)實世界中幾乎完全無跡可尋，在這種情況下，他們該如何對自己的行為負責呢？

5.大多數(shù)時候，他們因為身份無法確定而不能被問責。這些違法的個體隱藏在假名后面，以遮掩他或她的真實身份，同時保護他們不受自身行為的影響。

11.單選題

Thepostofficeisnot（

）fordamagetoaparcelsentbymailunlessitisinsured.

問題1選項

A.qualified

B.liable

C.guilty

D.jealous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。qualified“合格的，有資格的”；liable“有責任的，有義務的”；guilty“有罪的，內疚的”；jealous“妒忌的，猜疑的”。beliablefor“有……責任，有……義務”。由unless…可知郵局對沒投保的包裹的損壞不承擔責任。故B項正確。句意：郵局對郵局的包裹的損壞不承擔責任，除非這些包裹投保了。

12.單選題

Mr.DelRiowasaskedtocondensehisreportinordertoallowhisaudiencesometimetoaskquestions.

問題1選項

A.abbreviate

B.expand

C.continue

D.delay

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。由后半句“為了使他的聽眾能有時間提問”可推測condensehisreport意為濃縮或簡化他的報告。abbreviate使縮短，使簡化；expand擴大；continue繼續(xù)；delay延遲。故A項正確。

13.多選題

該試題是用于測試的試題，請勿組卷到其他試卷當中，測試題干內容

問題1選項

A.12

B.23

C.34

D.45

問題2選項

A.54

B.43

C.32

D.21

【答案】第1題:B、C、D

第2題:A、B

【解析】第1題:

第2題:試題解析測試

14.單選題

We’ll（

）youforanydamagedonetoyourhousewhileweareinit.

問題1選項

A.compensate

B.remedy

C.supplement

D.retrieve

【答案】A

【解析】句意:居住期間對你房子所造成的任何損壞，我們都會賠償你。

動詞辨析。compensate賠償,補償;remedy改進,補救;supplement補充;retrieve取回，索回。故A符合句意。

15.單選題

Iftheworldistoremainpeaceful,theutmosteffortmustbemadebynationstolimitlocal______.

問題1選項

A.collisions

B.combats

C.contradictions

D.conflicts

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項collision“沖突，碰撞”，指物理上的碰撞；B選項combat“格斗，搏斗”；C選項contradiction“矛盾，沖突”，指觀點上的沖突；D選項conflict“(武裝)斗爭，沖突”。根據(jù)Iftheworldistoremainpeaceful可知D選項符合語義。句意：如果世界要保持和平，各國必須盡最大努力限制地方?jīng)_突。

16.單選題

Thefutureoftheworld’sclimateis______withtheriseoftemperature,wewillhavemoreextremeweathers.

問題1選項

A.atodds

B.introuble

C.invain

D.atstake

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項atodds“爭執(zhí)，不一致”，B項introuble“在監(jiān)禁中，處于不幸中”，C項invain“徒勞，無效”，D項atstake“處于危險之中，在緊要關頭”。根據(jù)空格后面部分的句子意思“隨著氣溫的升高，我們將會有更多的極端天氣”可推斷，空格處填入D項符合。句意：隨著氣溫的上升，世界氣候的未來岌岌可危，我們將會有更多的極端天氣。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

17.單選題

Agreatamountofworkhasgoneinto（）theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.

問題1選項

A.refreshing

B.restoring

C.renovating

D.renewing

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項refresh“振作，恢復活力”；B選項restore“恢復，修復”，強調恢復原貌；C選項renovate“更新，修復”，強調整修一新；D選項renew“使更新，使修復”。句意：為了使大教堂恢復昔日的輝煌，進行了大量的工作。由選項意思和句意可知，B選項符合句意。

18.單選題

Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledtheSecondIndustrialRevolution.

Labor’sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyaboutitseffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnologicalchangeisfutile.Inthelongrun,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Unquestionably,however,therewillbemajorshiftsinjobswithinplantsanddisplacementoflaborfromoneindustrytoanother.Theinterestoflaborliesinbringingaboutthistransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.

Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitsplans.ItisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinSUBplanhasadirectfinancialstakeinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongincentiveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibledisruptioninjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlylaidoffworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaoftheimprovementfactor,whichcallsforwageincreasebasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itisprobable,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.

1.Welearnfromparagraph1thatautomationwillprobablyleadto（

）.

2.Laborhastheopinionthat（

）.

3.Whatistherelationbetweenautomationandemploymentintheopinionoflabor?

4.Theunionstressesthat（

）.

5.Howmanynewpoliciesoftheunionshavebeenlistedinthispassage?

問題1選項

A.industrialexpansion

B.anincreaseinemployment

C.displacementoflaborfromoneindustrytoanother

D.anincreaseinunemployment

問題2選項

A.alleffortsmustbemadetopreventautomation

B.automationwillcauseariseinconsumercosts

C.itsmaininterestliesinincreasingallwages

D.technologicalchangecannotbestopped

問題3選項

A.Automationwilldefinitelyleadstomoreunemployment.

B.Fromalong-termpointofviewautomationwillbringaboutmorejobs.

C.Automationwillnotcausemuchchangeinemployment.

D.Sooneroflaterautomationwilldoalltheworkinsteadofman.

問題4選項

A.workersshouldalsoenjoythefruitsbroughtaboutbyautomation

B.noworkersshouldbefiredinthedevelopmentofautomation

C.itisnecessarytoslowdownthedevelopmentofautomation

D.workersshouldbepaidaccordingtotheirlengthofservice

問題5選項

A.1

B.2

C.3

D.4

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內容“自動化減少了生產過程中的人為因素，包括精神和身體上的因素，旨在使這樣一種情況成為可能——用更少的工人生產更多的產品?！庇纱丝赏茢?，工人減少會導致失業(yè)率上升，所以這就是自動化所導致的結果。選項D正確。

2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnologicalchangeisfutile.”總的來說，勞動者們認為抵制技術變革是徒勞的。選項D符合原文。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“Inthelongrun,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.”從長遠來看，自動化的結果很可能會導致就業(yè)的增加，因為在制造、維護和維修自動化設備領域將會出現(xiàn)大量的行業(yè)。選項B符合原文。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.”工會發(fā)言人強調，自動化帶來產量增加和成本降低的好處，應該通過提高工資、增加休閑時間和提高生活水平的形式，讓工人們共享。也就是說，工人也應該享受自動化帶來的好處。選項A符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)關鍵詞“newpolicies”定位到最后一段“Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseis...Anotherapproachis...”為了在自動化時代保護工會成員的利益，工會采取了一系列新政策。其中之一是……另一種方法是……。由此可知是個政策，所以選項B正確。

19.單選題

IwasinsomedoubtastowhethertheCorporalhad()usaccidentallyonhiswayoutofthetownorifhe'dbeendeliberatelytasked.

問題1選項

A.crashedon

B.bumpedinto

C.fallenagainst

D.puzzledabout

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。crashon“撞上”；bumpinto“無意中遇到”；fallagainst“絆倒在……”；puzzleabout“苦思冥想”。句意：我有些懷疑那個下士到底在出城的路上偶然碰上我們了還是被故意派來的。因此B選項符合題意。

20.單選題

Theviolent（）ofhisyouthreappearedandwasdirectednotonlyatthearmy,butathiswifeatall.

問題1選項

A.impatience

B.character

C.temper

D.quality

【答案】C

【解析】impatience急躁，不耐煩；character性質，品格；temper脾氣，性情，傾向；quality品質，特性。句意：他年輕時的暴躁脾氣又出現(xiàn)了，不僅是在軍隊，而且對他的妻子也是一樣。選項C符合句意。

21.單選題

Ofthegreatvarietyofopinionsconcerning“marriageformoney”，thefollowingthreeareimportantwithreferencetothedevelopmentoftheimportanceofmoney.Marriagesbasedexclusivelyuponeconomicmotiveshavenotonlyexistedinallperiodsandatallstagesofdevelopment,butareparticularlycommonamongprimitivegroupsandconditionswheretheydonotcauseanyoffenceatall.Thedisparagementofpersonaldignitythatnowadaysarisesineverymarriagethatisnotbasedonpersonalaffection―sothatasenseofdecencyrequirestheconcealmentofeconomicmotives—doesnotexistinsimplercultures.Thereasonforthisdevelopmentisthatincreasingindividualizationmakesitincreasinglycontradictoryanddiscreditabletoenterintopurelyindividualrelationshipsforotherthanpurelyindividualreasons.

Fornowadaysthechoiceofapartnerinmarriageisnolongerdeterminedbysocialmotives(thoughregardfortheoffspringmaybeconsideredtobesuchamotive),insofarassocietydoesnotinsistuponthecouple’sequalsocialstatus―acondition,however,thatprovidesagreatdealoflatitudeandonlyrarelyleadstoconflictsbetweenindividualandsocialinterests.Inaquiteundifferentiatedsocietyitmayberelativelyirrelevantwhomarrieswhom,irrelevantnotonlyforthemutualrelationshipofthecouplebutalsofortheoffspring.Thisisbecausewheretheconstitutions,stateofhealth,temperament,internalandexternalformsoflifeandorientationsarelargelythesamewithinthegroup,thechancethatthechildrenwillturnoutwelldependslessuponwhethertheparentsagreeandcomplementeachotherthanitdoesinhighlydifferentiatedsociety.Itthereforeseemsquitenaturalandexpedientthatthechoiceofthepartnershouldbedeterminedbyreasonsotherthanpurelyindividualaffection.Yetpersonalattractionshouldbedecisiveinahighlyindividualizedsocietywhereaharmoniousrelationshipbetweentwoindividualsbecomesincreasinglyrare.

Thedecliningfrequencyofmarriagewhichistobefoundeverywhereinhighlycivilizedculturalcircumstancesisundoubtedlydue,inpart,tothefactthathighlydifferentiatedpeopleingeneralhavedifficultyinfindingacompletelysympatheticcomplementtothemselves.Yetwedonotpossessanyothercriterionandindicationfortheadvisabilityofmarriageexceptmutualinstinctiveattraction.But,happinessisapurelypersonalmatter,decideduponentirelybythecouplethemselves,andtherewouldbenocompellingreasonfortheofficialinsistenceonatleastpretendinglovemaybemisleading—particularlyinthehigherstrata,whosecomplicatedcircumstancesoftenretardthegrowthofthepurestinstincts—nomatterhowmuchotherconditionsmayaffectthefinalresults,itremainstruethat,withreferencetoprocreation,loveisdecidedlysuperiortomoneyasafactorselection.Infact,inthisrespect,itistheonlyrightandproperthing.

Marriageformoneydirectlycreatesasituationofpanmixia—theindiscriminatepairingregardlessofindividualqualities―aconditionthatbiologyhasdemonstratedtobethecauseofthemostdirectanddetrimentaldegenerationofthehumanspecies.Inthecaseofmarriageformoney,theunionofacoupleisdeterminedbyafactorthathasabsolutelynothingtodowithracialappropriateness—justastheregardformoneyoftenenoughkeepsapartacouplewhoreallybelongtogether—anditshouldbeconsideredasafactorindegenerationtothesameextenttowhichtheundoubteddifferentiationofindividualsmakesselectionbypersonalattractionmoreandmoreimportant.Thiscasetooillustratesoncemorethattheincreasingindividualizationwithinsocietyrendersmoneyincreasinglyunsuitableasamediatorofpurelyindividualrelationships.

1.Accordingtothetext,whatissaidtoinfluencematrimonialcompatibilityandstabilityinsimplercultures?

2.Marriagesmotivatedbymonetaryaspirationsaremorelikelynottobecamouflagedinwhatstrataofsociety?

3.Themarriagerateissaidtobedecreasingbecause（

）.

4.Howisthequestionofraceinrelationtomarriagesimilartothequestionofmoney?

5.Panmixiaissaidto（

）.

問題1選項

A.Personaldignity

B.Economicdecline

C.Monetaryconsiderations

D.Financialgrowth

問題2選項

A.Upper

B.Middle

C.Lower

D.Lowest

問題3選項

A.wedemandtoomuchofourpartners

B.partnersdon’tgivecompliments

C.peoplearetoodifferentiatedsocially

D.theeconomicdisparityinmanyregionsisgrowing

問題4選項

A.Theyfuelmutualinstinctualattraction.

B.Theyinspireindividualresponsibilities.

C.Theydeflectsuperficialrelationships.

D.Theyprohibitsuitablemarriages.

問題5選項

A.aidtheselectionprocess

B.complementindividualization

C.inspirepositiveresults

D.setupbiologicaldecline

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Marriagesbasedexclusivelyuponeconomicmotiveshavenotonlyexistedinallperiodsandatallstagesofdevelopment,butareparticularlycommonamongprimitivegroupsandconditionswheretheydonotcauseanyoffenceatall.（完全基于經(jīng)濟動機的婚姻不僅存在于所有時期和發(fā)展的所有階段，而且在原始群體和根本不構成犯罪的條件下尤其普遍）可知經(jīng)濟因素影響婚姻的兼容性和穩(wěn)定性，因此C選項“貨幣因素”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的andtherewouldbenocompellingreasonfortheofficialinsistenceonatleastpretendinglovemaybemisleading—particularlyinthehigherstrata,whosecomplicatedcircumstancesoftenretardthegrowthofthepurestinstincts（官方堅持至少假裝愛可能會誤導人，這是沒有說服力的理由的——尤其是在高層，他們復雜的環(huán)境常常阻礙最純粹本能的發(fā)展）可推測以金錢愿望為動機的婚姻在社會的高層，更可能偽裝，相反，在社會的最低層，最不可能偽裝，因此選D。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Thedecliningfrequencyofmarriagewhichistobefoundeverywhereinhighlycivilizedculturalcircumstancesisundoubtedlydue,inpart,tothefactthathighlydifferentiatedpeopleingeneralhavedifficultyinfindingacompletelysympatheticcomplementtothemselves.（在高度文明的文化環(huán)境中隨處可見的結婚率下降的部分原因是，高度分化的人很難找到一個完全與符合自己的互補）可知結婚率下降的部分原因是很難找到與自己互補的人，說明人們之間的差異大，因此C選項“人們在社會上的差異太大”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Inthecaseofmarriageformoney,theunionofacoupleisdeterminedbyafactorthathasabsolutelynothingtodowithracialappropriateness—justastheregardformoneyoftenenoughkeepsapartacouplewhoreallybelongtogether（在為錢而結婚的情況下，一對夫婦的結合是由一個與種族適當性完全無關的因素決定的，就像對金錢的重視常常會使真正屬于一對夫婦的人分開一樣）可知D選項“他們阻止合適的婚姻”符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Marriageformoneydirectlycreatesasituationofpanmixia—theindiscriminatepairingregardlessofindividualqualities―aconditionthatbiologyhasdemonstratedtobethecauseofthemostdirectanddetrimentaldegenerationofthehumanspecies.（為錢而結婚直接造成了一種無差別的情況——不分個人素質的不分青紅皂白的配對——生物學已經(jīng)證明，這種情況是導致人類物種最直接和最有害的退化的原因）可知D選項“引發(fā)生物衰退”符合題意。

22.單選題

Scientistshopethecollisionwillproducealargecraterinthecomet’ssurfaceinordertorevealthecoreandgivesome______totheoriginofthesolarsystem.

問題1選項

A.sources

B.interpretations

C.clues

D.observations

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項source“來源，水源，原始資料”，B項interpretation“解釋，翻譯，演出”，C項clue“線索，（故事等的）情節(jié)”，D項observation“觀察，監(jiān)視，觀察報告”。根據(jù)givesome______totheoriginofthesolarsystem“為太陽系的起源提供一些……”可知，“線索”符合語境。句意：科學家們希望這次碰撞將在彗星表面產生一個巨大的隕石坑，以便揭示其核心，并為太陽系的起源提供一些線索。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

23.單選題

Thenewcolleague（）tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporation’sbeforehejoinedourcompany.

問題1選項

A.confesses

B.declares

C.claims

D.confirms

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項confess表示“坦白；承認；供認”，B選項declare表示“宣布，申明，宣稱”，D選項confirm表示“確認，確定，核實”，C選項claim表示“宣稱，要求，索賠”。由句意可知，新同事宣稱，他進入我們公司之前，在一些大公司里工作過?？杖碧巻卧~需與介詞to構成搭配，因此本題正確答案為C選項。

24.單選題

Thereisnopoint（

）thegame,unlessyoupracticeeveryday.

問題1選項

A.tolearntoplay

B.bylearningtoplay

C.inlearningtoplay

D.havinglearnedtoplay

【答案】C

【解析】句意:除非你天天練習，不然學玩游戲是沒有意義的。

考查固定搭配。Thereisnopointindoingsth.做某事沒意義。

25.不定項選擇題

Morethantwomillionfilmslieinstoreroomsaroundtheworld,someofthemsobadlydamagedthattheycannolongerbescreened.Ifnothingisdone,theycoulddisappearforgood,likehalfthefilmsmadeintheUSbefore1950.Butresearchpromisesanautomatedtechnique,torestoretheseoldfilmstotheirformerglory.

Filmscanbecleanedchemicallyorbyusingultrasound.Butthisistime-consumingandexpensive,andchemicalscanalsodamagetheoriginalfilms.Anotherapproachistodigitizethefilmandthencleanupthedigitalversionframebyframe—aterriblejob.WhenDisneycleanedupSnowWhiteforreleaseonDVD,forinstance,graphicartistsworkedinshiftson40computersdayandnightfor18weeks.

“Thesecomputer-aidedtechniquesremainveryexpensive,”saysSamiaBoukir,whostartedworkonanautomatedsystem,“onlyanautomatedsystemcanhopetosalvagethearchiveofdeterioratingfilms.”

Onceafilmhasbeenscannedin,thefirststageoftheprocessistofinddustspots.Theyusuallyoccuronlyonsingleframes,sothesystemlooksforsmallspotsthatarevisibleononeframeandabsentonitsneighbors.Thesoftwarerepairstheimagebysamplingtheunspoiltareaoftheimageontheadjacentframesandreplacingthedustspotwithanaverageofthesampledpictureelement.

Detectingscratchesismorecomplicatedbecausetheymayrunoverseveralframesandcanbeconfusedwithverticallinesthatarepartofthefilm.Butatelltalepatternoftengivesthemaway:scratchesarenormallycausedbythemechanicalpartsofaprojectorrubbingonthefilm,sotheytendtorepeatatregularintervals.

Thesystemlooksforaperiodicpatternofthistypefromframetoframe,predictingwhenitshouldoccurinthesubsequentframes.Havingidentifiedthescratchanditsduration,thesoftwarethenrepairsthedamagebytakingpictureelementfromundamagedframesbeforeandafterthescratch.Thissmoothingeffectavoidsanysharpedgesintherestoredimage.

Oncerestored,thedigitizedfilmscanbeviewedbyfuturegenerationswi