考研考博-英語(yǔ)-興安職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-興安職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

AllEskimoslivemostoftheirlivesclosetosaltorfreshwater.Theymayfollowgameinlandforseveralhundredmiles,buttheyalwaysreturntotheshoresofrivers,lakesorseas.Eskimolandhasabarelook.Largerocks,pebbles,andsandcovermuchofthesurface.Plantscalledlichengrowrightonrocks.Andwherethereisenoughsoil,evergrass,flowersandsmallbushesmanagetolive.NotreescangrowontheEskimoland,sogeographerssometimescallthiscountrytheArcticplains.Someanimals,suchasrabbitsandcaribou,eattheplants.Others,likethewhitefoxandgreywolf,eattherabbitsandcaribou.TheEskimoisameat-eater,too,andmayeveneatawolfwhenfoodisscarce.

TheEskimoyearhastwomainparts:along,coldwinterandashort,coolsummer.SpringandfallalmosttooshorttobenoticeD.Summeristhegoodtime,whenfoodisusuallyplentiful.ButitisalsothetimewhentheEskimosareverybusy.Winterisneverfaraway,andthemenmustbringhomeextrameatforthewomentoprepareandstore.Forseldomcanenoughanimalsbekilledinwintertofeedafamily.

TheFarNorthissometimescalledthelandofthemidnightsun.Thisistrueinthemiddleofsummer,forbetweenApril21standAugust21st,thesunneversetsinNorthernGreenlanD.ButinmidwintertheFarNorthisalandwithnosunshiningatall.AroundOct.21sttheEskimosofNorthernGreenlandseethesunsettingstraightsouthofthem,andtheydon'tseeitagainuntilFebruary22nD.Allplacesonearthgetaboutthesameamountofdaylightduringayear.Asaresult,ifsummerislighter,winterhastobedarker.WinternightsintheFarNorthareseldompitch-black.Asintherestoftheworld,thestarsandthemoonprovidealittlelight.ThenorthernlightsalsohelptheEskimostosee.Andwiththegroundcoveredwithsnow,evenalittlelightisreflectedbacktotheEskimo'seyes.

1.OntheEskimoland,（）.

2.IntheEskimoyear,（）.

3.Fromthepassagewecaninferallthefollowingexceptthat（）

4.InmidwinterthereisnosunshiningintheFarNorthbecause（）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rabbitsliveontheplants

B.soilisrichandplentiful

C.grassgrowsmoreeasilythanlichen

D.lichenisfoundonlyrocks

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.therearenospringandfall

B.winteriscoldandsummerishot

C.summerisatimeforgrowingfood

D.wintercomesearlyandgoeslate

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Eskimosaremorelikelytoeatwolvesinsummer

B.Eskimowomenareresponsibleforhousework

C.animalmeatisEskimo'smainsourceoffood

D.huntingisanimportantpartofEskimolife

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theFarNorthistoofarawayfromthesun

B.thesunisnotseenagainforsixmonths

C.thesunneversetsinmidsummer

D.peopleseethesunsettingstraightsoughtofthem

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.AStoryoftheEskimo

B.TheBareFarNorth

C.EskimoLandandClimate

D.TheEskimoYear

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，愛斯基摩人的土地貧瘠,地衣比草的生命力強(qiáng),所以選項(xiàng)B和C錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)D表述太絕對(duì)，在文中也沒有提及，所以排除。根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句可知，選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，愛斯基摩人的春天和秋天很短，并不是沒有，所以選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；冬季寒冷夏季涼爽，而不是炎熱，所以選項(xiàng)B也錯(cuò)誤，選項(xiàng)C在文中沒有提及；選項(xiàng)D冬季來(lái)得早去得遲，說(shuō)明冬季很漫長(zhǎng)，符合原文，所以本題選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“TheEskimoisameat-eater,too,andmayeveneatawolfwhenfoodisscarce.”愛斯基摩人只在食物匱乏時(shí)才吃狼,在夏天食物充足的情況下是不會(huì)吃狼的。所以選項(xiàng)A與原文不符。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Thisistrueinthemiddleofsummer,forbetweenApril21standAugust21st,thesunneversetsinNorthernGreenland.”因?yàn)閺?月21日到8月21日，格陵蘭島北部的太陽(yáng)從不落下。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.全文主旨題。本文主要介紹了愛斯基摩人居住地區(qū)的環(huán)境、季節(jié)及天氣狀況等。所以選項(xiàng)C更恰當(dāng)。

2.單選題

The215manuscript,circulatedtopublisherslastOctober,（

）anoutburstofinterest.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.flared

B.glittered

C.sparked

D.flashed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)flare“閃光，閃耀”；B選項(xiàng)glitter“閃閃發(fā)光，閃爍”；C選項(xiàng)spark“發(fā)動(dòng)，激起”；D選項(xiàng)flash“閃光，閃現(xiàn)”。句意：去年十月傳到出版商那兒的215頁(yè)的手稿激發(fā)起他們濃厚的興趣。根據(jù)句意，C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotography’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Inthenineteenthcentury,photography’sassociationwiththerealworldplaceditinanambivalentrelationtoart;lateinthetwentiethcentury,anambivalentrelationexistsbecauseoftheModernistheritageinart.Thatimportantphotographersarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart,showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensiousofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPoppaintingduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatisse—presupposehighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity—inshort,anart.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes‘theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism”astheauthorrepresentsitinPara.2?

3.TheauthorintroducesAbstractExpressionistpainters(Para.3)inorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthereactionofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstothequestionofwhetherphotographyisanart?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthormostprobablyconsidersseriouscontemporaryphotographytobea（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineartafterthecontroversiesofthenineteenthcentury

B.identifyingthewaysthatrecentmovementsinpaintingandsculpturehaveinfluencedthetechniquesemployedbyseriousphotographers

C.explainingtheattitudesofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Mechanical

B.Paradoxical

C.Superficial

D.Dramatic

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.provideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodemart

B.callattentiontoartistswhoseworksoftenbearaphysicalresemblancetotheworksofseriouscontemporaryphotographers

C.setforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters

D.provideanexplanationofwhyseriousphotography,likeothercontemporaryvisualforms,isnotandshouldnotpretendtobeanart

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thephotographers*beliefthattheirrelianceonanimpersonalmachinetoproducetheirartrequiresthesurrenderoftheauthorityoftheirpersonalvision

B.Thephotographers'fearthatseriousphotographymaynotbeacceptedasanartbythecontemporaryartpublic

C.TheinfluenceofAbstractExpressionistpaintingandPopArtonthesubjectmatterofthemodemphotograph

D.Thephotographers'beliefthatthebestartissubversiveofartasithaspreviouslybeendefined

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.contemporaryartthatisstrugglingtobeacceptedasfineart

B.craftrequiringsensitivitybutbynomeansanart

C.modemartthatdisplaystheModernisttendencytotrytosubverttheprevailingaimsofart

D.modemartthatdisplaysthetendencyofallModernistarttobecomeincreasinglyformalandabstract

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.題目問(wèn)作者的文章主要是關(guān)注什么。根據(jù)文章第一段首句Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotography’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.最早的關(guān)于攝影與藝術(shù)的關(guān)系的爭(zhēng)論主要集中在攝影對(duì)于外表的保真度和對(duì)機(jī)器的依賴是否能夠允許它成為一門藝術(shù)，有別于僅僅實(shí)用的美術(shù)。后文主要通過(guò)討論攝影是否是一門藝術(shù)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，然后分析了論點(diǎn)雙方對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題的態(tài)度。綜合分析后可知主要是分析了攝影師對(duì)待藝術(shù)的態(tài)度，C選項(xiàng)“揭示了嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影師對(duì)于攝影作為藝術(shù)以及在歷史背景下的藝術(shù)態(tài)度”符合題意。A項(xiàng)意為“解釋了在十九世紀(jì)的爭(zhēng)議之后攝影是怎樣成作為美術(shù)出現(xiàn)的”；B項(xiàng)意為“鑒別在近期影響了被嚴(yán)肅的攝影師所采納的技術(shù)的繪畫和雕塑藝術(shù)中所用到的方式”；D項(xiàng)意為“定義嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影師對(duì)他們的藝術(shù)所采取的各種方法和評(píng)估這些方法的價(jià)值”不符合，排除。

2.theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism意為“被現(xiàn)代主義的勝利所強(qiáng)加的藝術(shù)的概念”。A項(xiàng)意為“呆板的，機(jī)械的”；B項(xiàng)意為“矛盾的”；C項(xiàng)意為“表面的，膚淺的”；D項(xiàng)意為“引人注目的”。本句所在句子意為“重要的攝影家們不再愿意辯論攝影是或者不是一種藝術(shù)，除了聲稱他們自己的作品不再涉及藝術(shù)，表明了在多大程度上他們簡(jiǎn)單地認(rèn)為“被現(xiàn)代主義的勝利所強(qiáng)加的藝術(shù)的概念是理所當(dāng)然的”：藝術(shù)越好，越顛覆藝術(shù)的傳統(tǒng)目的。根據(jù)句意可知作者所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是‘矛盾的‘，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.題目問(wèn)作者介紹抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家的目的。根據(jù)第三段第二句‘Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.例如，那些假設(shè)的攝影師，通過(guò)拍照，他們?cè)絹?lái)越遠(yuǎn)離以繪畫藝術(shù)的自命不凡提醒我們的抽象表現(xiàn)主義畫家想象他們擺脫古典現(xiàn)代主義繪畫的知識(shí)緊縮專注于繪畫的物理行為?！芍髡咧饕窍肱e出這樣的例子，A選項(xiàng)“是為了舉出像嚴(yán)肅的現(xiàn)代攝影師那樣的藝術(shù)家，否認(rèn)傳統(tǒng)上公認(rèn)的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的目的”符合題意。

4.題目問(wèn)哪一項(xiàng)最好地解釋了嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影師對(duì)于攝影是否是一門藝術(shù)的反應(yīng)。根據(jù)文章最后一句Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity—inshort,anart.許多專業(yè)攝影人員私下里己經(jīng)開始擔(dān)心，攝影作為藝術(shù)活動(dòng)促進(jìn)顛覆傳統(tǒng)的自命不凡已經(jīng)走得太遠(yuǎn)，引起公眾忘記攝影是一種獨(dú)特的高活動(dòng)總之，是一種藝術(shù)。確定D選項(xiàng)“攝影師認(rèn)為最好的藝術(shù)是對(duì)藝術(shù)的顛覆，就像之前定義的那樣”正確。

5.題目問(wèn)作者很可能認(rèn)為嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影是一種……。A項(xiàng)意為“一種正努力要被認(rèn)可為美術(shù)的當(dāng)代藝術(shù)”；B項(xiàng)意為“一種要求敏感性的工藝，但絕不是藝術(shù)”；C項(xiàng)意為“顯示了現(xiàn)代主義的傾向，試圖顛覆主流的藝術(shù)目標(biāo)的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)”；D項(xiàng)意為“顯示所有的現(xiàn)代主義藝術(shù)的趨勢(shì)變得越來(lái)越正式和抽象的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)”。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容以及最后一段的闡述’thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythat...ofarthasgonesofar藝術(shù)越好，對(duì)傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)目標(biāo)的顛覆性就越大。許多專業(yè)人士私下里開始擔(dān)心……藝術(shù)已經(jīng)走了這么遠(yuǎn)’確定C選項(xiàng)“顯示了現(xiàn)代主義的傾向，試圖顛覆主流的藝術(shù)目標(biāo)的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)”正確。

4.單選題

WhatyouoverheardthatdaydidhavesomethingtodowithMartin（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inaway

B.intheway

C.ontheway

D.outoftheway

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。inaway意為“在某種程度上”；intheway意為“妨礙”；ontheway意為“在途中，接近”；outoftheway意為“偏遠(yuǎn)”。句意：你那天無(wú)意中聽到的事確實(shí)與馬丁在某種程度上有關(guān)。

5.單選題

Tallpeopleearnconsiderablymoremoneythroughouttheirlivesthantheirshorterco-workers,witheachinchaddingabout$789ayearinpay,accordingtoanewstudy.“Height（1）

careersuccess,”saidprofessorTimothyJudgeofUniversityofFlorida.“Thesefindingsaretroublinginthat,withafew（2）,suchasprofessionalbasketball,noonecouldarguethatheightissomethingessentialrequiredforjob（3）

.”Judgepointsout.

Judgeanalyzedresultsoffourlarge-scalestudiesintheU.S.andBritainthatfollowedthousandsofparticipantsfromchildhoodtoadulthood,examiningdetailsoftheirworkandpersonallives.“Ifyoutakethis（4）thecourseofa30-yearcareer,we’retalkingaboutliterallyhundredsofthousandsofdollarsofearnings（5）thatatallpersonenjoys,”Judgesaid.

Greaterheightboostedsubjectiveratingsofworkperformance—asupervisor’s（6）ofhoweffectivesomeoneis—and（7）measuresofperformance,suchassalesvolume.Beingtallmayboostself-confidence,improvingperformance.Otherpeoplemayalsogivehigher（8）andgreaterrespecttoatallperson,givingthemanedgeinnegotiatingstates,hesays.

Thecommandinginfluenceofheightmaybearemainderofourevolutionary（9）.Maybefromatimewhenhumanslivedamonganimalsandsizewasasignof（10）powerandstrengthusedwhenmaking“fightorrun”decisions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.makesout

B.mattersfor

C.takeson

D.worksin

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.exceptions

B.problems

C.examples

D.cases

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.operation

B.condition

C.performance

D.environment

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.to

C.with

D.over

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.deficiency

B.necessity

C.advantage

D.loss

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.evaluation

B.judge

C.decision

D.imagination

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.relative

B.objective

C.initiative

D.absolute

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.statue

B.status

C.state

D.situation

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.sources

B.organizations

C.origins

D.courses

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.asignof

B.aworkat

C.aholdon

D.atimein

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:A

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)makesout“辨認(rèn)出；理解；寫出”；B選項(xiàng)mattersfor“關(guān)乎”；C選項(xiàng)takeson“承擔(dān)；呈現(xiàn)”；D選項(xiàng)worksin“在……工作；插進(jìn)；引進(jìn)；摻和”。句意：身高_(dá)_____事業(yè)成功。前文說(shuō)到個(gè)子高的人掙得比個(gè)子矮的人多，可知這里是指身高會(huì)極大地影響事業(yè)，B選項(xiàng)mattersfor“關(guān)乎”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exceptions“例外”；B選項(xiàng)problems“問(wèn)題”；C選項(xiàng)examples“例子”；D選項(xiàng)cases“情況”。句意：這些發(fā)現(xiàn)令人不安的是，少數(shù)幾個(gè)______，比如職業(yè)籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，沒有人會(huì)說(shuō)身高是工作的必要條件。身高不是工作中的必要條件，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里填A(yù)選項(xiàng)exceptions“例外”比較合理，意思指除了職業(yè)籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員這些特定的職業(yè)，其他沒有身高要求。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)operation“操作；經(jīng)營(yíng)”；B選項(xiàng)condition“條件；情況”；C選項(xiàng)performance“績(jī)效；表現(xiàn)”；D選項(xiàng)environment“環(huán)境；外界”。句意：這些發(fā)現(xiàn)令人不安的是，除了少數(shù)幾個(gè)例外，比如職業(yè)籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，沒有人會(huì)說(shuō)身高是工作______的必要條件。文章之前表達(dá)的是個(gè)子高的人掙得多，而工資和表現(xiàn)掛鉤，所以這里C選項(xiàng)performance“績(jī)效；表現(xiàn)”比較符合題意，意思指身高不是工作表現(xiàn)好的必要條件。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查介詞用法。A選項(xiàng)on“在（某一天）”；B選項(xiàng)to“向；朝”；C選項(xiàng)with“具有；和”；D選項(xiàng)over“在……期間”。句意：如果把這樣的收入增長(zhǎng)放到30年的職業(yè)生涯中來(lái)考慮，并把結(jié)果累加起來(lái)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里橫線處引出后面thecourseofa30-yearcareer構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)，D選項(xiàng)over“在……期間”和course搭配比較合理。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)deficiency“缺陷”；B選項(xiàng)necessity“必要；必需品”；C選項(xiàng)advantage“優(yōu)勢(shì)，有利條件”；D選項(xiàng)loss“損失”。句意：那就意味著高大的人可以享受數(shù)十萬(wàn)美元的收入______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，掙得多是優(yōu)勢(shì)，C選項(xiàng)advantage“優(yōu)勢(shì)，有利條件”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)evaluation“評(píng)價(jià)”；B選項(xiàng)judge“審判員；裁判員”；C選項(xiàng)decision“決定”；D選項(xiàng)imagination“想象”。句意：較高的身高會(huì)提高別人對(duì)你工作表現(xiàn)的主觀評(píng)價(jià)，包括上司對(duì)你工作效率的______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指上司對(duì)工作效率進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，A選項(xiàng)evaluation“評(píng)價(jià)”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)relative“相關(guān)的”；B選項(xiàng)objective“客觀的”；C選項(xiàng)initiative“初步的；基礎(chǔ)的”；D選項(xiàng)absolute“絕對(duì)的；完全的”。句意：也會(huì)使衡量工作表現(xiàn)的______數(shù)字，比如銷量有所提高。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里像銷量這樣的因素是客觀的，B選項(xiàng)objective“客觀的”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)statue“雕像”；B選項(xiàng)status“地位；（進(jìn)展）狀況”；C選項(xiàng)state“（某方面，某階段的）情況”；D選項(xiàng)situation“（具體的）情況；處境”。句意：其他人可能也會(huì)給予高個(gè)子更高的______和更多的尊重，這使他們?cè)谡勁兄芯哂袃?yōu)勢(shì)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里是指高個(gè)子的人更容易受到尊重，B選項(xiàng)status“地位”比較符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sources“來(lái)源”；B選項(xiàng)organizations“組織”；C選項(xiàng)origins“起源”；D選項(xiàng)courses“課程；進(jìn)程”。句意：身高的重要影響可能是我們進(jìn)化______的余留。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，C選項(xiàng)origins“起源”搭配evolutionary“進(jìn)化”比較合理，指的是身高的影響來(lái)自于進(jìn)化起源。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)asignof“……的標(biāo)志”；B選項(xiàng)aworkat“……的工作；作品”；C選項(xiàng)aholdon“……的控制；影響”；D選項(xiàng)atimein“在……的一段時(shí)間”。句意：也許從人類和動(dòng)物生活在一起的時(shí)候起，體型就是力量和力量的______，在決定“戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑”時(shí)使用。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指體型代表力量，所以A選項(xiàng)asignof“……的標(biāo)志”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.翻譯題

中國(guó)科技館的誕生來(lái)之不易。與國(guó)際著名科技館和其他博物館相比，它先天有些不足，后天也常缺乏營(yíng)養(yǎng)，但是它成長(zhǎng)的步伐卻是堅(jiān)實(shí)而有力的。它在國(guó)際上已被公認(rèn)為后起之秀。

世界上第一代博物館屬于自然博物館，它是通過(guò)化石、標(biāo)本等向人們介紹地球和各

種生物的演化歷史。第二代屬于工業(yè)技術(shù)博物館，它所展示的是工業(yè)文明帶來(lái)的各種階

段性結(jié)果。這兩代博物館雖然起到了傳播科學(xué)知識(shí)的作用，但是，它們把參觀者當(dāng)成了

被動(dòng)的旁觀者。

世界上第三代博物館是充滿全新理念的博物館。在這里，觀眾可以自己去動(dòng)手操作，

自己細(xì)心體察。這樣，他們可以去貼近先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)，去探索科學(xué)技術(shù)的奧妙。

中國(guó)科技館正是這樣的博物館！它汲取了國(guó)際上一些著名博物館的長(zhǎng)處，設(shè)計(jì)制作了力學(xué)、光學(xué)、電學(xué)、熱學(xué)、聲學(xué)、生物學(xué)等展品，展示了科學(xué)的原理和現(xiàn)今的科技成果。

【答案】Thefirstgenerationmuseumsofsciencesarethosedevotedtonaturalhistory,whichdemonstratetheevolutionarychangesoftheearthandorganismsthroughfossilsandspecimens.Thesecondonesaremuseumsofindustrialtechnologyexhibitingachievementsgeneratedintheindustrialage.Thesetwokindsofmuseums,thoughdisseminatetheknowledge,regardtheirvisitorsaspassiveviewers.

Thethirdgenerationmuseumsarefilledwithnewconcepts.Here,visitorscanoperatebythemselves,whichenablesthemtounderstandadvancedtechnologiesbetterandhelpthemprobeintothewondersofscienceandtechnology.

7.單選題

Afewyearsago,therichworld’sworryabouteconomicinteractionwithdevelopingcountrieswasthatthepoorcouldnotprofitfromit.SounbalancedwerethetermsofexchangebetweentheNorth’smightyindustriesandtheSouth’sweaklingsweatshopstrade(31)betweenthetwocouldbe(32)morethanexploitationoftheonebytheother;farfromhelpingthepoorcountries,globalintegrationwouldactuallydeepentheirpoverty.Thisfearhasnowgiven(33)toapessimismthatisequalandopposite—namely,thattradewiththedevelopingworldwill(34)today’srichcountries.

Likethepreviousscare,thisviewcontainsaniotaoftruth—enoughtolendplausibility.Alsolikeitspredecessor,itisa(35)exaggeration.(36),thisnewfearismoredangerousthantheoldone.Theearlierscaretacitlyaffirmedthattheindustrialcountrieswouldsufferiftheycuttheirlinks(37)thethirdworld.Startingfromthere,campaigningintheNorthtorestricttradewithdevelopingcountrieswasgoingtobeanuphillstruggle.Thosewhoopposedeepereconomicintegrationnowhaveabetterplatform.Vitalinterests(38)therichcountriestoprotecttheirindustriesfromthenewonslaught.(39)itspredecessor,thisideamaysell.

Thegripthatthisthinkingalreadyhasonpopularopinion(40)littletoeconomichistoryorprinciples.Thenewfear,liketheoldone,expressestheconvictionthatgrowthinonepartoftheworldmustsomehowcome(41)another.Thisisadeeplyrootedprejudice,and(42)wrong.Verynearlyalloftheworldismoreprosperousnowthanitwas30yearsago.Growthhasbeenastoryof(43)advance,notredistribution;and(44)livingstandardshavenotimprovedinrecentdecades(notably,inpartsofAfrica),excessiveinteractionintheinternationaleconomyhasnotbeenthecause.

Lendingusefulsupporttothisfirsterrorisasecond—theideathatthereisonlysomuchworktogoround.Ifnewtechnologiesrendersomejobsobsolete,orifanincreaseinthesupplyofcheapimportsmakesotherjobs(45),theresultmustbeapermanentriseinunemployment.Again,onamoment’sreflection,thisiswrong;otherwise,technologicalprogressthiscenturywouldhavepushedunemploymentratesintheindustrialcountriestosomethinginexcessof95%.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.when

C.that

D.where

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.anything

B.anywhere

C.something

D.nothing

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.way

B.out

C.in

D.up

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.outweigh

B.impoverish

C.enrich

D.dwindle

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.hysterical

B.corrosive

C.abysmal

D.covert

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.Moreover

B.Hence

C.Consequently

D.However

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.with

C.on

D.of

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.compromise

B.cozen

C.object

D.oblige

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.As

B.Like

C.Unlike

D.With

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.owes

B.adds

C.cuts

D.reduces

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.infavorof

B.inreturnfor

C.attheexpenseof

D.inplaceof

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.partially

B.plainly

C.largely

D.scarcely

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.beneficial

B.complementary

C.essential

D.mutual

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.where

C.what

D.with

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.economic

B.uneconomic

C.economical

D.uneconomical

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:D

第9題:C

第10題:A

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:B

【解析】31.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)句子前面的so，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，so…that…未固定搭配，表示“如此……以至于……”。句意：北方強(qiáng)大的工業(yè)和南方虛弱的剝削勞動(dòng)力的工廠之間的交換條件是如此不平衡，以至于兩者之間……。該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

32.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)句中的morethan可知，nothingmorethan為固定搭配，表示“無(wú)非是，不過(guò)是”。句意：北方強(qiáng)大的工業(yè)和南方虛弱的剝削勞動(dòng)力的工廠之間的交換條件是如此不平衡，以至于兩者之間無(wú)非是互相剝削。該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

33.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)givewayto表示“給……讓路，為……所替代”，B項(xiàng)giveoutto表示“分發(fā)給”，C項(xiàng)giveinto表示“屈服于，順從”，D項(xiàng)giveupto表示“讓給，向……投降”。根據(jù)主語(yǔ)fear（擔(dān)憂）和賓語(yǔ)pessimism（悲觀主義）可知，givewayto最符合句意。句意：這種擔(dān)憂現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被一種既平等又相反的悲觀主義所替代。該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

34.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析和上下文語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)outweigh表示“比……重（在重量上），比……重要”，B項(xiàng)impoverish表示“使貧窮，使枯竭”，C項(xiàng)enrich表示“使充實(shí)，使肥沃”，D項(xiàng)dwindle表示“減少，變小”。根據(jù)namely（換句話說(shuō)）可知，該句是對(duì)上一句“這種擔(dān)憂現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被一種既平等又相反的悲觀主義所替代”的解釋，“擔(dān)憂”指的是上文提到的“全球一體化非但不會(huì)幫助窮國(guó)，反而會(huì)加深它們的貧困”，根據(jù)空格后面的richcountries（富裕國(guó)家），結(jié)合前文的“讓步于一種既平等又相反的悲觀主義”可知，空格處填入“使貧窮”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：也就是說(shuō)，與發(fā)展中國(guó)家的貿(mào)易將使今天的富裕國(guó)家變得貧窮。該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

35.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)hysterical表示“歇斯底里的，異常興奮的”，B項(xiàng)corrosive表示“腐蝕的，侵蝕性的”，C項(xiàng)abysmal表示“深不可測(cè)的，糟透的”，D項(xiàng)covert表示“隱蔽的，秘密的”。根據(jù)前面的不定冠詞a可排除C項(xiàng)；空格處是填入一個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞exaggeration（夸張），A、B、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)最符合語(yǔ)境。句意：和它的前身一樣，這也是一種歇斯底里的夸張。該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

36.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查上下文邏輯。A項(xiàng)moreover表示“而且，此外”；B項(xiàng)hence表示“因此，由此”，可以作為語(yǔ)氣較輕的連接結(jié)果的連詞使用，前后因果關(guān)系較輕；C項(xiàng)consequently表示“因此，所以”，注重時(shí)間、動(dòng)作的前后；D項(xiàng)however表示“然而，可是”。根據(jù)thisnewfearismoredangerousthantheoldone（這種新的擔(dān)憂比舊的更危險(xiǎn)），聯(lián)系上文語(yǔ)境可知，此處是表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

37.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查介詞辨析。A項(xiàng)to表示“對(duì)，向”，linkto表示“把……和……聯(lián)系起來(lái)”；B項(xiàng)with表示“和，隨著”，linkwith表示“與……有聯(lián)系”；C項(xiàng)on表示“在……上”；D項(xiàng)of表示“……的”。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處需要填入一個(gè)介詞和link搭配，C、D選項(xiàng)可排除；由后面的名詞thethirdworld（第三方）可知，空格處填入with符合語(yǔ)境。句意：早先的恐慌默許了工業(yè)化國(guó)家如果切斷與第三世界的聯(lián)系就會(huì)遭受損失。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

38.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考察固定搭配。A項(xiàng)compromise表示“妥協(xié)，折中，違背（原則）”，B項(xiàng)cozen表示“瞞，欺騙”，C項(xiàng)object表示“反對(duì)，拒絕”，D項(xiàng)oblige表示“迫使，強(qiáng)制”。根據(jù)后面的to可知，obligesb.todo固定搭配，表示“迫使某人做某事”。句意：至關(guān)重要的利益迫使富裕國(guó)家保護(hù)他們的工業(yè)免受新的沖擊。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

39.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查介詞辨析和上下文語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)as表示“作為，因?yàn)椤?，B項(xiàng)like表示“像”，C項(xiàng)unlike表示“不像”，D項(xiàng)with表示“和，隨著”。根據(jù)該句中的predecessor（前身）可知，前面提到“這個(gè)前身是一種歇斯底里的夸張”，結(jié)合主句thisideamaysell（這個(gè)想法可能會(huì)暢銷）可知，前后是相反的對(duì)比，因此用unlike符合。句意：不像它的前身，這個(gè)想法可能會(huì)暢銷。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

40.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)owe表示“歸因于，歸功于，欠”，B項(xiàng)add表示“增加，添加”，C項(xiàng)cut表示“割破，切斷”，D項(xiàng)reduce表示“減少，降低”。該句的意思是“這種思想對(duì)大眾輿論的掌控……很少涉及經(jīng)濟(jì)史或濟(jì)學(xué)原理”，由此可知，填入“歸因于”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：這種思想對(duì)大眾輿論的掌控，與經(jīng)濟(jì)史或經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理沒有多大關(guān)系。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

41.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)infavorof表示“有利于，支持，贊同”，B項(xiàng)inreturnfor表示“作為……的報(bào)答”，C項(xiàng)attheexpenseof表示“以……為代價(jià)，由……支付費(fèi)用”，D項(xiàng)inplaceof表示“代替”。根據(jù)growthinonepartoftheworld（一個(gè)地區(qū)的增長(zhǎng)）和another（另一個(gè)地區(qū)的增長(zhǎng)）可知，“以……為代價(jià)”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：與舊的擔(dān)憂一樣，新的擔(dān)憂表達(dá)了這樣一種信念：世界上一個(gè)地區(qū)的增長(zhǎng)必須以犧牲另一個(gè)地區(qū)為代價(jià)。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

42.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)partially表示“部分地，偏袒地”，B項(xiàng)plainly表示“明白地，坦率地”，C項(xiàng)largely表示“主要地，大部分”，D項(xiàng)scarcely表示“幾乎不，簡(jiǎn)直不”。根據(jù)adeeplyrootedprejudice（一種根深蒂固的偏見）和wrong（錯(cuò)誤的）可知，空格處填入plainly符合。句意：這是一種根深蒂固的偏見，顯然是錯(cuò)誤的。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

43.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析和上下文語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)beneficial表示“有益的，有利的”，B項(xiàng)complementary表示“補(bǔ)足的，（基因序列等）互補(bǔ)的”，C項(xiàng)essential表示“基本的，必要的”，D項(xiàng)mutual表示“共同的，相互的”。上文提到“幾乎所有的世界都比30年前更加繁榮”，下文就說(shuō)到Growthhasbeenastoryof(43)advance（經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)是一個(gè)……進(jìn)步的過(guò)程），可知“相互的”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)是一個(gè)相互進(jìn)步的過(guò)程，而不是再分配。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

44.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查關(guān)系代詞。根據(jù)后面的inpartsofAfrica（在非洲部分地區(qū)）可知，空格處是填入一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)，而where可以表示地點(diǎn)，故B項(xiàng)符合。句意：近幾十年來(lái)生活水平?jīng)]有提高（特別是非洲部分地區(qū)），國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)的過(guò)度互動(dòng)并不是原因。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

45.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)economic表示“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的，經(jīng)濟(jì)上的”，指與貿(mào)易、工業(yè)或財(cái)富等有關(guān)的“經(jīng)濟(jì)上的”或“有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面”的意義；B項(xiàng)uneconomic表示“不贏利的，不賺錢的”；C項(xiàng)economical表示“經(jīng)濟(jì)的”，指與“節(jié)約”同義的“經(jīng)濟(jì)”，相當(dāng)于notwasteful，既可指人也可指物；D項(xiàng)uneconomical表示“浪費(fèi)的，不節(jié)儉的”。根據(jù)anincreaseinthesupplyofcheapimports（廉價(jià)進(jìn)口商品供應(yīng)的增加）可知，makesotherjobs(45)指的應(yīng)該是“使其他工作不賺錢”符合語(yǔ)境。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Inmostpeople’smind,growthisassociatedwithprosperity.WejudgehowwelltheeconomyisdoingbythesizeoftheGrossNationalProduct(GNP),ameasure,supposedly,ofgrowth.Equallyaxiomatic,however,isthenotionthatincreasedpressureondwindlingnaturalresourcesmustinevitablyleadtoadeclineinprosperity,especiallywhenaccompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation.So,whichiscorrect:growthmeansprosperityandnogrowthmeansadversity,orgrowthmeansadversityandnogrowthmeans...what?

Whatgrowthadvocatesmean,primarily,whentheysaygrowthisnecessaryforprosperityisthatgrowthisnecessaryforthesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystem.InonearenatheargumentinfavorofgrowthisparticularlycompellingandthatiswithregardtotheThirdWorld.Toargueagainstgrowth,otherthanpopulationgrowth,inlightofThirdWorldpovertyanddegradationseemscallous,ifnotcruel,thepompouspostulatingofthecomfortableandthesecure.Butisit?Coulditbethatgrowth,especiallythegrowthofthewealthiercountries,hascontributedtotheimpoverishment,nottheadvancement,ofThirdWorldcountries?Ifnot,howdoweaccountforthedesperatestraitsthesecountriesfindthemselvesintodayafteracenturyofdedicationtogrowth?

ToseehowthismightbethecasewemustlookattheimpactofgrowthonThirdWorldcountries-thereality,nottheabstractstages-of-economic-growthnostrumpropoundedthroughrose-coloredglassesbyacademiciansofthedevelopedworld.WhatgoodisgrowthtothepeopleoftheThirdWorldifitmeanstheconversionofpeasantfarmsintomechanizedagri-businessesproducingcommoditiesnotforlocalconsumptionbutforexport,ifitmeansthestrippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasurestothebenefitofforeigninvestorsandahandfuloftheirlocalcollaborators,ifitmeanstheassumptionofacrushingforeignindebtedness,theproceedsofwhichgoesnotintothedevelopmentofthecountrybutintothepurchaseofluxurycars,thepaddingofSwissbankaccounts,andthebuyingofcondominiumsinMiami?

Admittedly,thisisanoversimplification,whichappliestonocountryinitsentiretyandtosomecountriesnotatall.Butthepoint,Ibelieve,remainsvalid;thatgrowthinunderdevelopedcountriescannotsimplybejudgedintheabstract;itmustbejudgedbasedonthetruenatureofgrowthinthesesocieties,onwhobenefitsandwhoisharmed,onwheregrowthisleadingthesepeopleandwhereithasleftthem.Whenconsideredinthisway,itjustmightbethatinthepresentcontextgrowthismoredetrimentaltothewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearththanbeneficial.

So,doweneedgrowthforprosperity?Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer.Butthatisatestnoteasilyundertaken.Moderneconomiesareincrediblycomplexphenomena,atributetoman’sabilitytoorganizeandachallengetohisabilitytounderstanding.Anythingthataffectstheirfunctioning,suchasapolicyofzerogrowth,shouldnotbeproposedwithoutawaryprudenceandaself-doubtinghumility.Butiftheprospectofleapingintotheeconomicunknownisfear-inspiring,equallysoistheprospectoflettingthatfearpreventusfromactingwhenthefailuretoactcouldmeanuntoldmiseryforfuturegenerationsandperhapsenvironmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence.

11.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

12.Itisimpli