考研考博-英語-哈爾濱職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thegreatestsocialchangehasbeeninthelivesofwomen.Duringthetwentiethcenturytherehasbeenaremarkableshorteningoftheproportionofawoman’slifespentincaringforchildren.Awomanmarryingattheendofthenineteenthcenturywouldprobablyhavebeeninhermiddletwenties,andwouldbelikelytohavesevenoreightchildren,ofwhomfourorfivelivedtilltheywerefiveyearsold.D.Bythetimetheyoungestwasfifteen,themotherwouldhavebeeninherearlyfiftiesandwouldexpecttoliveafurthertwentyyears,duringwhichcustom,opportunityandhealthmadeitunusualforhertogetapaidwork.Todaywomenmarryyoungerandhavefewerchildren.Usuallyawoman’syoungestchildwillbefifteenwhensheisforty-fiveandcanbeexpectedtoliveanotherthirty-fiveyearsandsheislikelytotakepaidjobsuntilretirementatsixty.Evenwhileshehasthecareofchildren,herworkislightenedbyhouseholdappliancesandconvenientfoods.

Thisimportantchangeinwomen’slife-patternhasonlyrecentlybeguntohaveitsfulleffectonwomen’seconomicposition.Evenafewyearagomostgirlsleftschoolatthefirstopportunity,andmostofthemtookafull-timejob.B.However,whentheymarried,theyusuallyleftworkatonceandneverreturnedtoit.Todaytheschool-leavingageissixteen.Manygirlsstayatschoolafterthatage,andthoughwomentendtomarryyounger,moremarriedwomenstayatworkatleastuntilshortlybeforetheirfirstchildisborn.Manymoreafterwardsreturntoafull-timeorpart-timejob.B.Suchchangeshaveledtoanewrelationshipinmarriage,withthehusbandacceptingagreatershareofthedutiesandsatisfactionsoffamilylife,andwithbothhusbandandwifesharingmoreequallyinprovidingthemoney,andrunningthehome,accordingtotheabilitiesandinterestofeachofthem.

1.Accordingthepassage,thewomanoftodayusually

.

2.Onereasonwhythewomanoftodaymaytakeajobisthatshe

.

3.Manygirlsthepassageclaimsarenowlikelyto

.

4.Accordingtothepassage,itisnowquiteusuallyforwomento

.

5.Nowadays,ahusbandtendsto

.

問題1選項

A.getsmarriedinsteadofgettingpaidwork

B.marriesbeforesheistwenty-five

C.hasmorechildrenunderfifteen

D.hasfewerchildren

問題2選項

A.isyoungerwhenherchildrenareoldenoughtolookafterthemselves

B.doesnotlikechildrenherself

C.doesnotneedtoworryaboutfoodforherchildren

D.canretirefromfamilyresponsibilitieswhenshereachessixty

問題3選項

A.giveuptheirjobsforgoodaftertheyaremarried

B.leaveschoolassoonastheycan

C.marrysothattheycangetajob

D.continueworkinguntiltheyaregoingtohavebabies

問題4選項

A.stayathomeafterleavingschool

B.marrymenyoungerthanthemselves

C.startworkingagainlaterinlife

D.marrywhilestillatschool

問題5選項

A.sharemorefamilyduties

B.helphiswifebydoingmostofthehouseholdwork

C.feeldissatisfiedwithhisroleinthefamily

D.takeapart-timejobsothathecanhelpinthehome

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第一段提到現(xiàn)在的女性通常結(jié)婚早，孩子生得少（Todaywomenmarryyoungerandhavefewerchildren），因此選項D符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章第一段提到以前的女性生孩子生得多，所以當(dāng)她最小的孩子15歲的時候（可以照顧自己），她已經(jīng)50多歲了；而現(xiàn)在的女性當(dāng)孩子15歲的時候，她45歲，還可以生活至少35年，因此可以去找一份工作，因此選項A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容moremarriedwomenstayatworkatleastuntilshortlybeforetheirfirstchildisborn可知選項D符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。文章第二段提到雖然很多女性結(jié)婚更早，但是直到生第一個孩子之前她們還在工作，并且她們中很多人會繼續(xù)回來工作或者做兼職工作（Manymoreafterwardsreturntoafull-timeorpart-timejob），因此選項C符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容Suchchangeshaveledtoanewrelationshipinmarriage,withthehusbandacceptingagreatershareofthedutiesand

satisfactions…可知選項A符合題意。

2.單選題

Justastheauthor’sbookoneelsisoftenakeytextforcoursesinmarinevertebratezoology,theirideasonanimaldevelopmentandphylogeny（）teachinginthisarea.

問題1選項

A.prevent

B.defy

C.replicate

D.inform

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項prevent“預(yù)防，防止；阻止；妨礙，阻止”；B選項defy“藐視；公然反抗；挑釁；使落空”；C選項replicate“復(fù)制；折疊；重復(fù)；折轉(zhuǎn)”；D選項inform“通知；告訴；報告；告發(fā)；告密”。句意：就像作者關(guān)于鰻魚的書經(jīng)常是海洋脊椎動物學(xué)課程的關(guān)鍵文本一樣，他們關(guān)于動物發(fā)展和系統(tǒng)發(fā)育的觀點也影響著這一領(lǐng)域的教學(xué)。因此D選項正確。

3.單選題

PopstarstodayenjoyastyleoflivingwhichwasoncetheprerogativeonlyofRoyalty.Wherevertheygo,peopleturnoutintheirthousandstogreetthem.Thecrowdsgowildtryingtocatchabriefglimpseoftheirsmiling,colorfullydressedidols.ThestarsaretransportedintheirchauffeurdrivenRolls-Royces,privatehelicoptersorexecutiveairplanes.Theyaresurroundedbyapermanententourageofmanagers,pressagentsandbodyguards.Photographsofthemappearregularlyinthepressandalltheircomingsandgoingsarereported,for,likeRoyalty,popstarsarenews.IftheyenjoymanyoftheprivilegesofRoyalty,theycertainlysharemanyoftheinconveniencesaswell.Itisdangerousforthemtomakeunscheduledappearancesinpublic.Theymustbeconstantlyshieldedfromtheadoringcrowdswhichidolizethem.Theyarenolongerprivateindividuals,butpublicproperty.Thefinancialrewardstheyreceiveforthissacrificecannotbecalculated,fortheirratesofpayareastronomical.

Andwhynot?Societyhasalwaysrewardeditstopentertainerslavishly.ThegreatdaysofHollywoodhavebecomelegendary:famousstarsenjoyedfame,wealthandadulationonanunprecedentedscale.Bytoday’sstandards,theexcessesofHollywooddonotseemquitesospectacular.Asinglegramophonerecordnowadaysmayearnmuchmoreinroyaltiesthanthefilmsofthepasteverdid.Thecompetitionforthetitle“TopofthePops”isfierce,buttherewardsaretrulycolossal.

Itisonlyrightthatthestarsshouldbepaidinthisway.Don'tthetopmeninindustryearnenormoussalariesfortheservicestheyperformtotheircompaniesandtheircountries?Popstarsearnvastsumsinforeigncurrency—oftenmorethanlargeindustrialcompanies—andthetaxmancanonlybegratefulfortheirmassiveannualcontributionstotheexchequer.Sowhowouldbegrudgethemtheirrewards?

It’sallverywellforpeopleinhumdrumjobstomoanaboutthesuccessesandrewardsofothers.Peoplewhomakeenviousremarksshouldrememberthatthemostfamousstarsrepresentonlythetipoftheiceberg.Foreveryfamousstar,therearehundredsofothersstrugglingtoearnaliving.Amanworkinginasteadyjobandlookingforwardtoapensionattheendofithasnorighttoexpectveryhighrewards.Hehaschosensecurityandpeaceofmind,sotherewillalwaysbealimittowhathecanearn.Butamanwhoattemptstobecomeastaristakingenormousrisks.Heknowsattheoutsetthatonlyahandfulofcompetitorsevergettotheverytop.Heknowsthatyearsofconcentratedeffortmayberewardedwithcompletefailure.Butheknows,too,thattherewardsforsuccessareveryhighindeed:theyaretherecompenseforthehugerisksinvolvedandifheachievesthem,hehascertainlyearnedthem.That'stheessenceofprivateenterprise.

1.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtopstars’highincome?

2.AccordingtothefirstparagraphRoyaltyonce（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthoritcouldbeinferredthat

（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraphtheauthorremindspeople

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagecouldbe（

）.

問題1選項

A.Approval

B.Disapproval

C.Ironical

D.Critical

問題2選項

A.wascoldlygreeted

B.ledalifeasalltheotherpeopledid

C.livedalifetheformerpopstarscouldenjoy

D.enjoyedastyleoflivingthatpeoplewerehardtoimagine

問題3選項

A.popstarscouldbecomparedtoRoyalty

B.popstarscouldbecomparedtotopmeninindustry

C.popstarsarelowentertainers

D.popstarsshareconveniences

問題4選項

A.mostfamousstarsaretipoftheicebergwithotherhundredsstrugglingforaliving

B.societyalwaysrewardstopentertainers

C.Popstarsarenews

D.crowdsgreetpopstarseverywheretheygo

問題5選項

A.Popstarsexertundesirableinfluenceinsociety

B.ComingandGongsAreRewarded

C.FierceCompetition:TopofthePop

D.PopStarsCertainlyMakeTheirMoney

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的Itisonlyrightthatthestarsshouldbepaidinthisway.（明星們應(yīng)該以這種方式得到報酬，這是正確的）可知作者對明星高收入的態(tài)度是支持的，因此選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第一段描寫了今天的流行歌星享受著一種曾經(jīng)是皇室特權(quán)的生活方式：無論他們走到哪里，人們都會聚集在一起迎接他們。人群瘋狂地試圖抓住一個短暫的機(jī)會，一瞥他們的笑容滿面，穿著華麗的偶像。這些明星是由司機(jī)駕駛的勞斯萊斯、私人直升機(jī)或?qū)C(jī)接送的。

由此可推測皇室曾經(jīng)享受著特權(quán)生活，過著普通人想象不到的生活，因此D選項“享受著人們難以想象的生活方式”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Don'tthetopmeninindustryearnenormoussalariesfortheservicestheyperformtotheircompaniesandtheircountries?Popstarsearnvastsumsinforeigncurrency—oftenmorethanlargeindustrialcompanies（行業(yè)中最優(yōu)秀的人，難道不因為他們?yōu)楣竞蛧姨峁┑姆?wù)而賺取豐厚的薪水嗎？流行歌星用外幣賺了很多錢——通常比大型工業(yè)公司賺得多）可推測B選項“流行歌星可以被比作工業(yè)界的頂尖人物”正確。A選項由第一段中的PopstarstodayenjoyastyleoflivingwhichwasoncetheprerogativeonlyofRoyalty（今天的流行歌星享受著一種曾經(jīng)是皇室特權(quán)的生活方式）直接得答案，不需要推測，C、D選項根據(jù)本文內(nèi)容來看說法錯誤，因此選B。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Peoplewhomakeenviousremarksshouldrememberthatthemostfamousstarsrepresentonlythetipoftheiceberg.Foreveryfamousstar,therearehundredsofothersstrugglingtoearnaliving（那些發(fā)表嫉妒言論的人應(yīng)該記住，最著名的明星只是冰山一角。對于每一個著名的明星，有數(shù)以百計的其他人掙扎著謀生）可知A選項“大多數(shù)著名的明星都是冰山一角，而其他數(shù)百名明星則在為生存而奮斗”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章的標(biāo)題通?？勺鳛槲恼碌闹黝}。A選項“流行歌星在社會中產(chǎn)生不良的影響”在文章中沒有提及，故排除；B選項不清楚指的是什么，故排除；C選項“激烈的競爭：流行音樂的巔峰”只在文章第三段中提及，不具有概論性，故排除；因此D“流行歌星賺那么多的錢是理所當(dāng)然”最為恰當(dāng)。

4.單選題

Youcandoitifyouwantto,butinmyopinionit’snotworththe（）itinvolves.

問題1選項

A.force

B.trial

C.attempt

D.effort

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。force力量；trial試驗，審訊；attempt企圖，試圖；effort努力。句意：如果你想，你可以去做，但在我看來，它不值得你為之付出努力。選項D符合句意。

5.單選題

Youneedtorewritethissentencebecauseitis

;thereaderswillhavedifficultyinunderstandingit.

問題1選項

A.comprehensive

B.alternative

C.confused

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Comprehensive“綜合的”；alternative“供選擇的”；confused“困惑的”；ambiguous“模糊不清的”。句意：你需要重寫這個句子，因為它模糊不清，讀者理解起來會有困難。選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

Notlongago,amysteriousChristmascarddroppedthroughourmailslot.TheenvelopewasaddressedtoamannamedRaoul,who,Iwasrelativelycertaindidnotlivewithus.Theenvelopewasn’tsealed,soIopenedit.Theinsideofthecardwasbland.Ed,myhusband,explainedthatthecardwasbothfromandtothenewspaperdeliveryman.HisnamewasapparentlyRaoul,andRaoulwantedaholidaytip.Weweremeanttoputacheckinsidethecardandthendroptheenvelopeinthemail.Whenyourservicesarerenderedat4a.m,youcan’tsimplyhangaround,likeahotelbellboyexpectingatip.Youhavetobedirect.

SoIwroteaniceholidaygreetingtothismanwho,inmyimagination,firesTheNewYorkTimesfromhisbikeaimedatourfrontdoor,causingmorenoisewithmerenewsprintthanmostpeoplemanagewithsophisticatedblackmarketfireworks.

Withastart,Irealizedthatperhapsthereasonforthe4a.m.wake-upnoisewasnotordinaryrudenessbutcarefullyexecutedspite:IhadnottippedRaoulinChristmasespast.Ihonestlyhadn’trealizedIwassupposedto.Thiswasthefirsttimehe’dusedthecardtactic.SoIgotoutmycheckbook.Somewherealongtheline,holidaytippingwentfromanoptionaltank-youforayearofservicestoaMafia-styleprotectionracket(收取保護(hù)費的黑社會組織).

Severaldayslater,IwasbringingourgarbagebinsbackfromthecurbwhenInoticedanenvelopetapedtooneofthelids.TheoutsideoftheenvelopesaidMICKEY.Ithadtobeanothertiprequest,thistimefromourgarbagecollector.UnlikeRaoul,Mickeyhadn’tenclosedhisownChristmascardfromme.InawayIappreciatedthedirectness.“Iknowyoudon’tcarehowmerrymyChristmasis,andthat’sfine,thegesturesaid.Iwant$30,orI’llforgettoemptyyourgarbagebinsomehotsummerday.”

Iputacheckintheenvelopeandtapeditbacktothebin.Thenextmorning,Ednoticedthattheenvelopewasgone,thoughthetrashhadn’tyetbeenpickedup.“SomeonestoleMickey’stip!”Edwasquitecertain.Hemademecallthebankandcancelthecheck.

ButEdhadbeenwrong.Twoweekslater,Mickeyleftaletterfromthebankoursteps.TheletterinformedMickeythatthecheck,whichhehadtriedtocash,hadbeencancelled.ThefollowingTuesdaymorning,whenEdsawatruckoutside,heranoutwithhiswallet.“AreyouMickey?”

Themanlookedathimwithscorn.“Mickeyisthegarbageman.Iamtherecycling.”NotonlyhadEdinsultedthismanbyhintingthathewasagarbageman,buthehadobviouslyneglectedtotiphim.Edranbackinsideformorefunds.Thenhenoticedthatthedriverofthetruckhadbeenwatchingthewholetransaction.Hepeeledoffanothertwentyandlookedaround,wavingbillsintheair.“Anyoneelse?”

HadweconsultedthewebsiteoftheEmilyPostInstitute,thisembarrassingbreachofetiquette(禮節(jié))couldhavebeenavoided.Under"44trash/recyclingcollectors”intheinstitute’sHolidayTippingGuidelines,itsays,“$10to$30each.”Youmayormaynotwishtoknowthatyourpetgroomer,hairdresser,mailmanandUPSguyallexpectaholidaytip.

1.Thenewspaperdeliverymanputablankcardinsidetheenvelopebecause（

）.

2.Fromthepassage,welearnthattheauthor（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorfelt（

）togiveRaoulaholidaytip.

4.WhichofthefollowingisCORRECTaboutMickey,thegarbagecollector?

5.Ed’sencounterwiththerecyclingteamshowsthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.heforgottowriteafewwordsonit

B.hewantedthecoupletosenditback

C.heusedittoaskforaChristmastip

D.hewasafraidofaskingforatipinperson

問題2選項

A.didn’tlikeRaoul’swayofdeliveringthepaper

B.didn’trealizewhyRaouldeliveredthepaperthatway

C.didn’tknowthatRaoulcameveryearlyin

D.didn’tfeelitnecessarytomeetRaoulwhenhecame

問題3選項

A.excited

B.delighted

C.embarrassed

D.forced

問題4選項

A.Hewrotealettertothecoupleafterwards.

B.Hefailedtocollectthemoneyfromthebank.

C.HewantedthecoupletosendhimaChristmascard.

D.Hecollectedboththecheckandthegarbagethatday.

問題5選項

A.Edwasdesperatetocorrecthismistake

B.EdonlywantedtogivemoneytoRaoul

C.Edwasunwillingtotipthetruckdriver

D.Ednolongerwantedtogivethemmoney

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到我在過去的圣誕節(jié)沒有給Raoul小費，這是他第一次使用這樣的策略（Thiswasthefirsttimehe’dusedthecardtactic），由此可知Raoul是想用這種方法要消費，因此選項C符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到我意識到凌晨4點起床時發(fā)出的噪音也許不是普通的無禮，而是精心制造的惡意（Withastart,Irealizedthatperhapsthereasonforthe4a.m.wake-upnoisewasnotordinaryrudenessbutcarefullyexecutedspite），由此可推測出作者起初不知道Raoul扔報紙發(fā)出那么大聲音的原因，選項B符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到作者真的沒有意識到應(yīng)該要這么做（即給小費）（Ihonestlyhadn’trealizedIwassupposedto）。由此可知給小費并不是作者的本意，而是被迫的，因此選項D符合題意。excited“興奮的”；delighted“高興的”；embarrassed“尷尬的”；forced“被迫的”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第六段提到那封信通知米奇，他嘗試取的支票被取消了（TheletterinformedMickeythatthecheck,whichhehadtriedtocash,hadbeencancelled），由此可知他沒能從銀行取錢，選項B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到他取出另外的20元，環(huán)顧四周，搖著錢說“還有人要嗎”（Hepeeledoffanothertwentyandlookedaround,wavingbillsintheair.“Anyoneelse?”），由此可知他極度想要改正自己的錯誤，選項A符合題意。

7.單選題

Glass（

）provideausefulfunctioninsectioningoffandenclosinganareawhenthedesiredeffectistomaintainvisualtransparency.

問題1選項

A.separations

B.segregations

C.partitions

D.isolations

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。separation意為“分離，分開”；segregation意為“隔離”；partition意為“劃分”；isolation意為“隔離”。

句意：玻璃分割提供一個有用的功能，在切斷和包圍某一區(qū)域時，所預(yù)期的效果是保持視覺的透明度。

8.單選題

Thereisa（）differenceinmeaningbetweenthewordssurroundingsandenvironment.

問題1選項

A.gentle

B.subtle

C.feeble

D.humble

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。gentle溫和的，文雅的；subtle微妙的，精細(xì)的；feeble微弱的，無力的；humble謙遜的，簡陋的。語境與話語環(huán)境之間有細(xì)微的區(qū)別。能與difference搭配的只有B項。故B項正確。

9.單選題

Fewerandfeweroftoday’sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,（）thesamecompany.

問題1選項

A.allelse

B.muchworse

C.lesslikely

D.letalone

【答案】D

【解析】考查語義辨析。A選項allelse“其他所有”；B選項muchworse“更糟糕的是”；C選項lesslikely“更不可能的是”；D選項letalone“更不必說”，句意為：如今想在同一個領(lǐng)域干一輩子的工人越來越少，更不用說同一個公司了。D選項符合句意，因此選D。

10.單選題

Packedlikesardinesintosweaty,claustrophobicsubwaycarriages,passengerscanbarelybreathe,______moveaboutfreely.

問題1選項

A.aswellas

B.disregardfor

C.letalone

D.notmentioning

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項aswellas“也；不但……而且”；B選項disregardfor“漠視”；C選項letalone“更不用說；不打擾”；D選項notmentioning“沒有提到”。句意：乘客像沙丁魚一樣擠在汗流浹背、幽閉恐怖的地鐵車廂里，幾乎無法呼吸，______自由走動。根據(jù)語境，這里是指車廂里面很擠，呼吸都困難，自由走動就更困難了，所以letalone“更不用說”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

11.單選題

Everymaninthiscountryhastherighttolivewherehewantsto,（

）thecolorofhisskin.

問題1選項

A.withtheexceptionof

B.inthelightof

C.byvirtueof

D.regardlessof

【答案】D

【解析】詞組詞義辨析。withtheexceptionof除以外；inthelightof根據(jù)，依據(jù)；byvirtueof依靠，憑借，由于；regardlessof不顧，不管。句意：這個國家的每個人都有權(quán)住在他想住的地方，不管他的膚色如何。選項D符合句意。

12.單選題

China'spopulationisunevenlydistributed,withthecoastalareasintheeastthemost（

）populated.

問題1選項

A.densely

B.vastly

C.enormously

D.largely

【答案】A

【解析】句意:中國的人口分布不均，東部沿海地區(qū)人口最密集。

考查副詞辨析。Densely濃密地,稠密地,密集地;vastly極大地,廣大地;enormously非常,極其;largely在很大程度上,多半,主要地?？崭裉幮稳萑丝诿芗?故A符合句意。

13.單選題

Lastnighthesawtwodark______enterthebuilding,andthentherewastheexplosion.

問題1選項

A.features

B.figures

C.sketches

D.images

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.features特征B.figures（代表數(shù)量，尤指官方資料中的）數(shù)字；人物；（隱約可見的）人影

C.sketches素描；速寫D.images形象；印象

【答案】B

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后半句“然后就發(fā)生了爆炸”可推知，大樓爆炸是人為的，所以dark______表示“黑色的人影”，故該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】昨晚他看到兩個黑影進(jìn)入大樓，然后就發(fā)生了爆炸。

14.單選題

Ifthey’relookingfora（

）ofinformationonapageorareengrossedincontent,theywon’tbedistractedbytheadsontheside.

問題1選項

A.stripe

B.sustainment

C.series

D.snippet

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。stripe“條紋”；sustainment“支持物”；series“系列，連續(xù)”；snippet“片斷”。句意：如果他們正在一個網(wǎng)頁上尋找信息片段或者專心地看內(nèi)容，那么他們將不會被旁邊的廣告分心。由informationonapage可知空格處指信息片段，故D項正確。

15.單選題

Thetestimoniesofthewitnessesprovided______proofthatmyclientisinnocent;Idemandthathebereleasedatonce.

問題1選項

A.invalid

B.incredulous

C.irrefragable

D.impotent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項invalid表示“（法律上或官方）不承認(rèn)的，無效的”，B項incredulous表示“懷疑的，不輕信的”，C項irrefragable表示“不能反駁的，不能否認(rèn)的”，D項impotent表示“無能為力的，不起作用的”。根據(jù)myclientisinnocent（我的當(dāng)事人是無辜的）可知，______proof表示“無可辯駁的證據(jù)”符合語境。句意：證人的證詞提供了無可辯駁的證據(jù)，證明我的當(dāng)事人是無辜的；我要求立即釋放他。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

16.單選題

Asseriousassheisaboutthebullfight,shedoesnotallowrespectto（

）hersenseofwhimsywhenpaintingit.

問題1選項

A.suppress

B.inspire

C.satisfy

D.provoke

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。suppress“抑制；廢止”；inspire“激發(fā)；鼓舞”；satisfy“滿足”；provoke“激怒”。句意：盡管她將斗牛視為嚴(yán)肅的事情，但在用繪畫形式表現(xiàn)它時，她并沒有讓敬意遏制自己的奇思異想。由Asseriousassheisaboutthebullfight及notallowrespect可知“抑制”符合語境。As在句中表讓步關(guān)系。

17.單選題

Youngsterswhodrinkandsmoke,andareoftenabsentfromschoolarefarmorelikelytobe（）fromschool.

問題1選項

A.induced

B.disobeyed

C.expelled

D.forbidden

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。選項A,B,D都不能與介詞from搭配應(yīng)用。beexpelledfromschool意為被學(xué)校開除,符合句意。句意：酗酒、吸煙、經(jīng)常曠課的青少年更有可能被學(xué)校開除。

18.單選題

Adynamiceconomyisfoundedonthe（）ofentrepreneurs,whichisrewardedbyprofit.

問題1選項

A.perspiration

B.desperation

C.respiration

D.aspiration

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。perspiration“汗水，努力”；desperation“絕望的境地，不顧一切拼命”；respiration“呼吸”；aspiration“渴望，抱負(fù)”。句意：一個充滿活力的經(jīng)濟(jì)是建立在企業(yè)家的抱負(fù)之上的，而這是通過利潤來回報的。選項D更符合語境。

19.單選題

Pessimismconcerningtheeconomicfuturewas____inwesternEuropeancountriesinthelate1970s.

問題1選項

A.perpetual

B.pertinent

C.preventive

D.prevalent

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.perpetual永久的B.pertinent有關(guān)的；恰當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

C.preventive預(yù)防性的D.prevalent盛行的

【答案】D

【考查點】形近詞辨析與語義銜接

【解題思路】原句主語為“關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)前景的悲觀情緒”，后文內(nèi)容為“在20世紀(jì)70年代末的西歐國家”，只有D選項prevalent“盛行的”符合前后語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項不符合前后語義銜接。

【句意】20世紀(jì)70年代末，西歐國家普遍存在對經(jīng)濟(jì)前景的悲觀情緒。

20.單選題

Itmustguidepublicopinion,afterpresenting_______bothsidesofeveryissueandpointingouttoreaderswhatmeasuresseemtopromisethegreatergoodforthegreaternumber.

問題1選項

A.inquisitively

B.inconceivably

C.appallingly

D.impartially

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項“inquisitively”意為“好問地；過分好奇地”；B選項“inconceivably”意為“不可思議地”；C選項“appallingly”意為“令人毛骨悚然地；駭人聽聞地”；D選項“impartially”意為“公平地；無私地”。句意：它必須引導(dǎo)公眾輿論，在此之前，它必須公正地介紹每一個問題的兩面，并向讀者指出哪些措施似乎能給更多人帶來更大的好處。由題干可知，Itmustguidepublicopinion（它必須引導(dǎo)公眾輿論），因此它本身就需要是公正，客觀的，不偏頗地引導(dǎo)公正輿論，所以介紹問題的不同方面也應(yīng)是公正的。因此D選項符合題意。

21.單選題

Manyofthemostflexibleexamplesoftooluseinanimalscomefromprimates(theorderthatincludeshumans,apesandmonkeys).Forexample,manywildprimatesuseobjectstothreatenoutsiders.Buttherearemanyexamplesoftoolusebyothermammals,aswellasbybirdsandothertypesofanimals.

Toolsareusedbymanyspeciesinthecaptureorpreparationoffood.Chimpanzeesusesticksandpolestobringoutantsandtermitesfromtheirhidingplaces.AmongthemostcomplextooluseobservedinthewildistheuseofstonesbyIvoryCoastchimpanzeestocracknutsopen.Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallstoneasahammer.Stonessuitableoruseasanvilsarenoteasytofind,andoftenachimpanzeemaycarryhaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil.Theuseoftoolsinchimpanzeesisespeciallyinterestingbecausetheseanimalssometimesmodifytoolstomakethembettersuitedfortheirintendedpurpose.Tomakeatwigmoreeffectivefordiggingouttermites,forexample,achimpmayfirststripitofitsleaves.

Surprisingly,thereisalsoaspeciesofbirdthatusesstickstoprobeholesinthesearchforinsects.OneofthespeciesofGalapagosfinch,thewoodpeckerfinch,picksuporbreaksoffatwig,cactusspine,orleafstem.Thisprimitivetoolisthenheldinthebeakandusedtoprobeforinsectsinholesintreesthatthebirdcannotprobedirectlywithitsbeak.Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey.

Toolsmayalsobeusedfordefense.Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies.Studieshavedemonstratedthatthesecrabssignificantlyimprovetheirchancesagainstpredatorssuchasoctopusbymeansofthistactic.Also,manyspeciesofforest-dwellingprimatesdefendthemselvesbythrowingobjects,includingstones,atintruders.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,IvoryCoastchimpanzeesareamongthemostremarkableofanimaltoolusersbecausethey（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthebehaviorofthewoodpeckerfinch?

4.Accordingtothepassage,studieshaveshownthathermitcrabsmanagetoturnoctopusawayby（

）.

問題1選項

A.Primatesaresuperiortootheranimalsinusingtools.

B.Theuseofstonesastoolsissimilaracrossdifferentanimalspecies.

C.Birdsandprimatesusetoolsthataredifferentfromthoseofseaanimals.

D.Manyanimalshavedevelopedeffectivewaysofusingtools.

問題2選項

A.usetoolstogatherfood

B.usemorethanonetooltoaccomplishatask

C.transporttoolsfromoneplacetoanother

D.hidetheirtoolsfromotheranimals

問題3選項

A.Itusesitsbreakasaweaponagainstitsenemies.

B.Itusesthesametwigtolookforfoodindifferenttrees.

C.Itusestwigsandleavestobuilditsnest.

D.Itavoidsareaswherecactusgrows.

問題4選項

A.attackingtheoctopuswiththeirclaws

B.usingstonesasweapons

C.defendingthemselveswithseaanemones

D.hidingunderseaplants

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章討論的主要問題是……”。文章第一段提到動物使用工具，主要是靈長類，但也有其他一些哺乳動物、鳥類等；第二段提到很多種類的動物使用工具來捕捉食物；第三段提到有些動物使用工具來挖洞或者找昆蟲；最后一段提到動物使用工具來攻擊。由此可知選項D“許多動物開發(fā)了工具的有效使用方式”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章，象牙海岸的黑猩猩是最引人注目的動物工具使用者，因為……”。文章第二段提到“它們選擇一塊大而平的石頭做砧板，另一塊小一點的石頭當(dāng)錘子，有時候會推著堅果走到超過40米外的地方找合適的砧板”（Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallerstoneasahammer,sometimescarryahaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil），由此可知選項B“使用不止一種工具來完成任務(wù)”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。題目問的是“下面哪個選項可以從文章中推斷出啄木鳥的行為”。文章第三段最后一句話提到“啄木鳥會帶著它的細(xì)枝在樹木之間飛來飛去”（Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey），可以推斷出啄木鳥這么做是為了找蟲子，選項B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)寄居蟹能夠把章魚趕走是通過……”。文章第四段提到“寄居蟹用鉗子抓住?？魑淦髭s跑敵人”（Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies），選項C符合題意。

22.單選題

Theleadersofthetwocountriesfeelitdesirableto（）fundsfromarmamentstohealthandeducation.

問題1選項

A.derive

B.deprive

C.dispatch

D.divert

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項derive“源自，得自”；B選項deprive“使喪失，剝奪”；C選項dispatch“派遣，發(fā)送”；D選項divert“轉(zhuǎn)移，使……轉(zhuǎn)向”。句意：兩國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人認(rèn)為，將資金從軍備（）衛(wèi)生和教育是可取的。這里表達(dá)的意思是“將資金從軍備轉(zhuǎn)向衛(wèi)生和教育”，因此D選項符合題意。

23.單選題

Thecompanyrecommendedthatanewpetrolstationbebuiltinthevalley.

問題1選項

A.suggested

B.ordered

C.demanded

D.insisted

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項suggested“建議，推薦”；B選項ordered“命令，要求”；C選項demanded“要求，需求”；D選項insisted“堅持”。句意：公司建議在山谷里建一個新的加油站。A選項與劃線詞詞義最近。因此A選項符合題意。

24.單選題

Horse-drawncoacheswereneitheracompetitivenoracomfortablealternativegiventhedeplorablestateofthenation’shighwaysandthoughbicycleswerepopularinbothtownandcountry,they,too,werehamperedbypoorroadsurfaces.

問題1選項

A.restrained

B.supported

C.favored

D.damaged

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。題干hampered“妨礙，阻止”。A項“阻止；約束”，B項“支持”，C項“喜愛，偏愛”，D項“損害；傷害”。因此選A。句意：考慮到國家公路狀況糟糕，騎馬教練既不是競爭者，也不是舒適的替代者，盡管自行車在城鎮(zhèn)和鄉(xiāng)村都廣受歡迎，但它們也受到不良路面的阻礙。

25.單選題

Wearegoingto（）whatwerelearnedsofarbysomerevisionexercisetoday.

問題1選項

A.affirm

B.reinforce

C.consolidate

D.conform

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。affirm“肯定，斷言”；reinforce“加強(qiáng)”；consolidate“鞏固”；conform“使遵守”。根據(jù)whatwelearned“我們所學(xué)的”與bysomerevisionexercise“通過一些練習(xí)”可知是通過練習(xí)來鞏固我們所學(xué)的內(nèi)容，因此選項C符合題意。

26.單選題

TheChineselanguagediffers（）fromtheEnglishlanguagebecauseoftheirdifferentwritingsystemandpronunciation.

問題1選項

A.considerably

B.consistently

C.confidently

D.continually

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。considerably"相當(dāng)?shù)?十分地";consistently"一貫地,始終如一地";confidently"自信地,確信地";continually"不斷地,連續(xù)地"。句意：由于書寫體系和發(fā)音的不同,漢語和英語有很大的不同。選項A符合句意。

27.單選題

Hethoughtthathemightbeabletoavoidpayingsomeofhistaxesbytakingadvantagesofthe______inthelaw.

問題1選項

A.circle

B.misunderstanding

C.exception

D.loopholes

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項circle“周期”；B選項misunderstanding“誤解”；C選項exception“例外；異議”；D選項loopholes“漏洞”。句意：他認(rèn)為他也許可以利用法律上的______來逃避繳納一些稅款。根據(jù)語境，這里是指鉆法律的空子避稅，D選項loopholes“漏洞”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

28.單選題

It’snoteasytofindasolutiontothecountry’slabor（

）.

問題1選項

A.decline

B.vacancy

C.rarity

D.shortage

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項decline“下降，衰退”；B選項vacancy“空缺”；C選項rarity“罕見，珍貴”；D選項shortage“短缺”。句意：要找到解決國家勞動力短缺的辦法并不容易。選項D符合句意。

29.單選題

Hewasvery（

）totheoldladyanddideverythingforher.

問題1選項

A.attentive

B.observant

C.earnest

D.considerate

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:他很那位老婦人，什么都替她做。

attentive:留意的，細(xì)心的。observant:善于觀察的，觀察力敏銳的。earnest:認(rèn)真的，誠實的。considerate:體貼的，體諒的。故D項符合句意。

30.單選題

Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandt