考研考博-英語(yǔ)-克孜勒蘇職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-克孜勒蘇職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Bytoday'sstandards,earlyfarmerswereimprudentbecausetheyplantedthecroprepeatedly,exhaustingthesoilafterafewharvests.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unwise

B.stubborn

C.tiresome

D.unscientific

【答案】A

【解析】句意：按照今天的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，早期的農(nóng)民是輕率的，因?yàn)樗麄兎磸?fù)種植作物，幾次收獲后就把土壤耗盡了。imprudent意為“輕率的，魯莽的”。unwise不明智的，輕率的；stubborn頑固的；tiresome無(wú)聊的，令人討厭的；unscientific不科學(xué)的。選項(xiàng)A與之意思相近。

2.單選題

Itisimpossibletoreverseknowledge,butitissociety’sprerogativetostatewhichpiecesofknowledgeshouldremainunused.“Cando”neverimplies“mustdo”.ItisrightlyillegaltocloneahumanbeingintheUK,butitwouldnotbebeyondhumanperversityforsomeonetotrytodoitelsewhereintheworld.OneUKdoctor,whohaspubliclycondemnedtheveryideas,claimstohavehadpeopleofferingthemselvesforcloningoraskingtohaveitdonetolovedones.Itwouldappearthatsomeareattractedbytheidea,butmaybetheyhavenotfullyunderstoodtheimplications.Evensupposingsomeonewouldbestupidenoughtotry,therearemanyseriousobstaclestobeovercome.Thereisfirstlytheriskofimprisonment.Ascientistwouldtaketheriskofostracismfromadisapprovingmedicalandscientificestablishment,andknowthatajournalwouldpossiblyrefusetopublishanypaperonthesubject.Then,heorshewouldhavetopersuadeorinducedozensofpeopletotakepartinprolongedillegalexperiments.Itwouldneeddonors,eggcellrecipientsandsurrogatemothersinfairlylargenumbers,totakepartinexperiments.Abnormallylargeprogenyhaveresultedinanimalcloningdonetodate,whichsuggeststhatthereareseriousriskstothehealthofthemotherandpotentialembryo.

Inordertopreventthegeniefromcomingoutofthebottle,thereshouldbeimmediatemovestosetup,ifpossible,aninternationalbindingtreatytobanexperimentsregardinghumancloningworldwide.

1.Thisshortarticleismainlyabout（

）.

2.Whydoesputting“cloneman''topracticefacesomanyobstacles?

3.Inordertopreventthegeniefromcomingoutofthebottle,weshoulddoallthefollowingexceptthat

（

）.

4.Allthefollowingaretheobstaclesthatadoctorcanmeetwhentryingtocloneahumanbeingexcept

（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thefactthatitisillegaltoclonehumanbeings

B.whatyoushoulddowithaGenieoutofabottleandwhyyoudoso

C.howascientistcoulddothiskindofexperimentssuccessfullythoughitisillegal

D.theproblemsthat“cloninghumans”couldbring

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Everybodyopposesit.

B.Thetechniqueisnotmature.

C.Itisagainstthehumans’ethic

D.BothBandC

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.weshouldreallyknowtheimplicationscarriedbytheideaofcloningahumanbeing

B.weshouldn’tletourbodiesbeusedfortheillegalexperimentsdonebysomeambitiousscientists.

C.weshoulddoourbesttoappealtostoppingallthe“clone”experimentswhetherit’sonhumansoronotherspecies

D.weshouldmakeourbesteffortstoputaworldwidebanontheexperimentsonhumans

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.seriousriskstothehealthofthesurrogatemother

B.theriskofimprisonment

C.theriskofbeingexecuted

D.theriskofresistancefrommedicalestablishments

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。第一段指出:在英國(guó)，克隆人被公正地規(guī)定為非法,但仍有很多科學(xué)家們?cè)该爸L(fēng)險(xiǎn)去嘗試。如果真的開(kāi)始克隆人的實(shí)驗(yàn)，那么實(shí)驗(yàn)人員也會(huì)面臨很多的阻礙，帶來(lái)很多嚴(yán)重的危害。而最后一段又強(qiáng)調(diào):為了阻止這一違法的罪惡行為出現(xiàn)，必須立即采取相關(guān)的限制措施。因此此文章主要是關(guān)于“克隆人是一種違法行為的事實(shí)”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:ItisrightlyillegaltocloneahumanbeingintheUK,butitwouldnotbebeyondhumanperversityforsomeonetotrytodoitelsewhereintheworld(在英國(guó)，克隆人被公正地規(guī)定為非法。但不能排除在世界某個(gè)地方有某個(gè)違背常情的人試圖那樣做)。故選C“違背人類(lèi)道德”。

3.判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)的是哪一個(gè)不是阻止魔鬼逃出玻璃瓶（即違法行為出現(xiàn)）的方法。A:我們應(yīng)該充分認(rèn)識(shí)到克隆人的想法意味著什么,第一段指出:Itwouldappearthatsomeareattractedbytheidea,butmaybetheyhavenotfullyunderstoodtheimplications(這一觀點(diǎn)對(duì)部分人似乎很有吸引力，這也許是因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有充分認(rèn)識(shí)到克隆人意味著什么),由此可知A符合原文;B:我們不能讓自己的身體被那些野心勃勃的科學(xué)家用來(lái)做實(shí)驗(yàn),根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Itwouldneeddonors,eggcellrecipientsandsurrogatemothersinfairlylargenumbers,totakepartinExperiments(這將需要有大量的捐贈(zèng)者、卵細(xì)胞接受者和代孕媽媽參與到實(shí)驗(yàn)中)”可以推斷B也是可以阻止魔鬼逃出玻璃瓶（即違法行為出現(xiàn)）的方法;C:我們應(yīng)該盡一切努力呼吁停止一切克隆實(shí)驗(yàn)，無(wú)論是克隆人類(lèi)還是克隆動(dòng)物,文章中并未提及對(duì)動(dòng)物的克隆實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行限制。D:我們應(yīng)該盡一切努力在全世界范圍內(nèi)限制克隆人的實(shí)驗(yàn),根據(jù)最后一段“Inordertopreventthegeniefromcomingoutofthebottle,thereshouldbeimmediatemovestosetup,ifpossible,aninternationalbindingtreatytobanexperimentsregardinghumancloningworldwide(為了阻止魔鬼，逃出玻璃瓶（即違法行為出現(xiàn)），必須立即采取相關(guān)的措施，如果可以的話，制定在世界范圍內(nèi)與克隆人類(lèi)相關(guān)的具有國(guó)際約束力的條約)”可知D也是方法之一。故選C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干問(wèn)的是以下哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)不屬于克隆人的實(shí)驗(yàn)面臨的阻礙。A:對(duì)代孕媽媽的健康存在巨大威脅,根據(jù)第一段最后一句話“Abnormallylargeprogenyhaveresultedinanimalcloningdonetodate,whichsuggeststhatthereareseriousriskstothehealthofthemotherandpotentialembryo(迄今為止，很多克隆得來(lái)的動(dòng)物們都顯得不正常，這意味著克隆對(duì)于代孕媽媽和潛在的胚胎都存在這巨大的健康威脅)”可知A屬于面臨的阻礙;B:監(jiān)禁的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),根據(jù)第一段中的“Thereisfirstlytheriskofimprisonment(首先是面臨監(jiān)禁的風(fēng)險(xiǎn))”可知B也屬于面臨的阻礙。C:面臨被處決的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),文章并未提及。D:被醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)排斥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),根據(jù)第一段中的“Ascientistwouldtaketheriskofostracismfromadisapprovingmedicalandscientificestablishment(科學(xué)家可能會(huì)面臨被醫(yī)療和科研機(jī)構(gòu)排斥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn))”可知D也屬于面臨的阻礙。因此本題選C。

3.單選題

Manynovelsthatattempttothemirrortheworldarereally（

）oftherealitythattheyrepresent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reflections

B.demonstrations

C.illuminations

D.reproductions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。reflection“反映”；demonstration“示范”；illumination“照明”；reproduction“繁殖”。句意：許多試圖向世界反映現(xiàn)實(shí)的小說(shuō)，都反映了他們所代表的現(xiàn)實(shí)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

Thisschoolpromisedtomakeclassessmallerandoffermoreindividualized（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentation

B.instruction

C.conviction

D.obligation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)presentation“展示，描述”，B項(xiàng)instruction“指令，命令，教導(dǎo)”，C項(xiàng)conviction“定罪，確信”，D項(xiàng)obligation“義務(wù)，職責(zé)”；根據(jù)句子語(yǔ)境“這所學(xué)校承諾縮小班級(jí)規(guī)模，提供更個(gè)性化的……”可知，只有B項(xiàng)符合。句意：這所學(xué)校承諾要縮小班級(jí)規(guī)模，提供更加個(gè)性化的教學(xué)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

ThereisextraordinaryexposureintheUnitedStatestotherisksofinjuryanddeathfrommotorvehicleaccidents.Morethan80percentofallhouseholdsownpassengercarsorlighttrucksandeachoftheseisdrivenanaverageofmorethan11,000mileseachyear.Almostone-halfoffatallyinjureddrivershaveabloodalcoholconcentration(BAC)of0.1percentorhigher.Fortheaverageadult,overfiveouncesof80proofspiritswouldhavetobeconsumedoverashortperiodoftimetoattaintheselevels.Athirdofdriverswhohavebeendrinking,butfewerthan4percentofalldrivers,demonstratetheselevels.Althoughlessthan1percentofdriverswithBACsof0.1percentormoreareinvolvedinfatalcrashes,theprobabilityoftheirinvolvementis27timeshigherthanforthosewithoutalcoholintheirblood.

Thereareanumberofdifferentapproachestoreducinginjuriesinwhichintoxicationplaysarole.Basedontheobservationthatexcessiveconsumptioncorrelateswiththetotalalcoholconsumptionofacountry’spopulation,ithasbeensuggestedthathighertaxesonalcoholwouldreduceboth.Whiletheheavierdrinkerswouldbetaxedthemost,anyonewhodrinksatallwouldbepenalizedbythisapproach.

Tomakedrinkinganddrivingacriminaloffenseisanapproachdirectedonlyatintoxicateddrivers.Insomestates,thelawempowerspolicetorequestbreathtestsofdriverscitedforanytrafficoffenseandelevatedBACcanbethebasisforarrest.TheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministrationestimates,however,thatevenwithincreasedarrests,thereareabout700violationsforeveryarrest.Atthislevelthereislittleevidencethatlawsserveasdeterrentstodrinkingwhileintoxicated.InBritain,motorvehiclefatalitiesfell25percentimmediatelyfollowingimplementationoftheRoadSafetyActin1967.AstheBritishincreasinglyrecognizedthattheycoulddrinkandnotbestopped,theeffectivenessdeclined,althoughintheensuingthreeyearsthefatalityrateseldomreachedthatobservedinthesevenyearspriortotheAct.

WhetherpenaltiesfordrivingwithahighBACorexcessivetaxationonconsumptionofalcoholicbeverageswilldetertheexcessivedrinkersresponsibleformostfatalitiesisunclear.Inpart,theanswerdependsontheextenttowhichthosewithhighBACsinvolvedincrashesarecapableofcontrollingtheirintakeinresponsetoeconomicorpenalthreat.Therapeuticprogramswhichrangefromindividualandgroupcounselingandpsychotherapytochemotherapyconstituteanotherapproach,buttheyhavenotdiminishedtheproportionofaccidentsinwhichalcoholwasafactor.Inthefewcontrolledtrialsthathavebeenreported,thereislittleevidencethatrehabilitationprogramsforthoserepeatedlyarrestedfordrunkenbehaviorhavereducedeithertherecidivismorcrashrates.Thusfar,thereisnofirmevidencethatAlcoholSafetyActionProjectsupportedprograms,inwhichrehabilitationmeasuresarerequestedbythecourt,havedecreasedrecidivismorcrashinvolvementforclientsexposedtothem,althoughknowledgeandattitudeshaveimproved.Onethingisclear,however,unlesswedealwithautomobileandhighwaysafetyandreduceaccidentsinwhichalcoholicintoxicationplaysarole,manywillcontinuetodie.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredthatthe1967RoadSafetyActinBritain（）.

3.TheauthorcitestheBritishexampleinorderto（）.

4.Theauthor’sclosingremarkscanbestbedescribedas（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.interpretingtheresultsofsurveysontrafficfatalities

B.reviewingtheeffectivenessofattemptstocurbdrunkdriving

C.suggestingreasonsfortheprevalenceofdrankdrivingintheUnitedStates

D.analyzingthecausesofthelargenumberofannualtrafficfatalities

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.changedanexistinglawtolowertheBAClevelwhichdefineddrivingwhileintoxicated

B.madeitillegaltodrivewhileintoxicated

C.increasedthenumberofdrunkdrivingarrests

D.placedataxonthesaleofalcoholicdrinks

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.provethataslightincreaseinthenumberofarrestsofintoxicateddriverswillnotdeterdrunkdriving

B.provethatstricterenforcementoflawsagainstintoxicateddriverswouldreducetrafficdeaths

C.showthattheproblemofdrunkdrivingisworseinBritainthanintheU.S.

D.suggestthattaxationofalcoholconsumptionmaybemoreeffectivethancriminallaws

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.ironic

B.indignant

C.indifferent

D.indecisive

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith______.1.作者主要關(guān)注______。

A.interpretingtheresultsofsurveysontrafficfatalitiesA.解釋交通事故死亡調(diào)查結(jié)果

B.reviewingtheeffectivenessofattemptstocurbdrunkdrivingB.評(píng)論管制酒后駕駛的成效

C.suggestingreasonsfortheprevalenceofdrankdrivingintheUnitedStatesC.提出酒駕在美國(guó)盛行的原因

D.analyzingthecausesofthelargenumberofannualtrafficfatalitiesD.分析每年交通事故死亡人數(shù)眾多的原因

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知，第一段先指出交通事故是由酒后開(kāi)車(chē)的司機(jī)造成的，第二段提到有人建議采用兩種辦法來(lái)遏制這一問(wèn)題，即征稅和針對(duì)酒后駕駛的法律，最后兩段闡明所采用的這些措施都沒(méi)有明顯的效果，綜合理解可知，作者主要關(guān)注的是評(píng)論對(duì)管制酒后駕駛的措施的成效，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“解釋交通事故死亡調(diào)查結(jié)果”和D項(xiàng)“分析每年交通事故死亡人數(shù)眾多的原因”只是部分提及，屬于以偏概全；

C項(xiàng)“提出酒駕在美國(guó)盛行的原因”在文中沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Itcanbeinferredthatthe1967RoadSafetyActinBritain______.2.可以推斷，英國(guó)1967年《道路安全法》______。

A.changedanexistinglawtolowertheBAClevelwhichdefineddrivingwhileintoxicatedA.修改了現(xiàn)行法律，降低了界定醉酒駕駛的血液酒精濃度水平

B.madeitillegaltodrivewhileintoxicatedB.規(guī)定醉酒駕車(chē)是違法的

C.increasedthenumberofdrunkdrivingarrestsC.增加了酒后駕駛被捕的人數(shù)

D.placedataxonthesaleofalcoholicdrinksD.對(duì)酒精飲料的銷(xiāo)售征稅

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第三段，由第一句“將酒后駕車(chē)定為刑事犯罪是針對(duì)醉酒司機(jī)的一種方法”，以及倒數(shù)第二句“在英國(guó)，1967年《道路安全法》實(shí)施后，機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)死亡人數(shù)立即下降了25%”，綜合理解可推斷，英國(guó)的《道路安全法》認(rèn)為酒后駕車(chē)是違法的。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“修改了現(xiàn)行法律，降低了界定醉酒駕駛的血液酒精濃度水平”在該段沒(méi)有提到，無(wú)中生有；

C項(xiàng)“增加了酒后駕駛被捕的人數(shù)”是美國(guó)一些州執(zhí)行的措施的結(jié)果，屬于張冠李戴；

D項(xiàng)“對(duì)酒精飲料的銷(xiāo)售征稅”在文中有提及，但不是英國(guó)1967年《道路安全法》中的規(guī)定，張冠李戴。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.TheauthorcitestheBritishexampleinorderto______.3.作者為了______引用了英國(guó)的例子。

A.provethataslightincreaseinthenumberofarrestsofintoxicateddriverswillnotdeterdrunkdrivingA.證明被逮捕的醉酒司機(jī)數(shù)量的輕微增加并不能阻止醉酒駕駛

B.provethatstricterenforcementoflawsagainstintoxicateddriverswouldreducetrafficdeathsB.證明對(duì)醉酒司機(jī)實(shí)施更嚴(yán)格的執(zhí)法將減少交通死亡人數(shù)

C.showthattheproblemofdrunkdrivingisworseinBritainthanintheU.S.C.表明英國(guó)的醉駕問(wèn)題比美國(guó)嚴(yán)重

D.suggestthattaxationofalcoholconsumptionmaybemoreeffectivethancriminallawsD.建議對(duì)酒精消費(fèi)征稅可能比刑法更有效

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位至第三段的內(nèi)容：在一些州，法律授權(quán)警察要求對(duì)任何交通違規(guī)的司機(jī)進(jìn)行呼氣測(cè)試，血液酒精濃度升高可以作為逮捕的依據(jù)。然而，美國(guó)國(guó)家公路交通安全管理局估計(jì)，即使逮捕人數(shù)有所增加，每一次逮捕中仍有約700起違規(guī)行為。在這個(gè)層面上，幾乎沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明法律可以阻止醉酒駕車(chē)。在英國(guó)，1967年《道路安全法》實(shí)施后，機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)輛死亡人數(shù)立刻下降了25%。盡管在隨后的三年里死亡率很少達(dá)到法案之前七年的水平，但隨著英國(guó)人越來(lái)越認(rèn)識(shí)到他們可以喝酒，而且不會(huì)被阻止，法律的制約效果下降了。從中可知，即使美國(guó)的一些州的法律授權(quán)警察對(duì)交通違規(guī)的司機(jī)進(jìn)行酒精呼氣檢查，作為逮捕的依據(jù)，但酒駕被捕的人數(shù)上升了，所以法律對(duì)于阻止醉酒駕駛方面沒(méi)有什么效果，接著作者以1967年英國(guó)頒布的《道路安全法》為例證明了法律對(duì)限制酒駕是沒(méi)有多大作用的。因此，A項(xiàng)“證明被逮捕的醉酒司機(jī)數(shù)量的輕微增加并不能阻止醉酒駕駛”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“證明對(duì)醉酒司機(jī)實(shí)施更嚴(yán)格的執(zhí)法將減少交通死亡人數(shù)”和C項(xiàng)“表明英國(guó)的醉駕問(wèn)題比美國(guó)嚴(yán)重”根據(jù)解題思路可知，該兩項(xiàng)與原文表述不符，曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“建議對(duì)酒精消費(fèi)征稅可能比刑法更有效”根據(jù)解題思路可知，與題干無(wú)關(guān)，屬于張冠李戴。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Theauthor’sclosingremarkscanbestbedescribedas______.4.作者的結(jié)束語(yǔ)可以用______來(lái)描述。

A.ironicA.諷刺的

B.indignantB.憤憤不平的

C.indifferentC.冷漠的

D.indecisiveD.猶豫不決的

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】首先定位至文章最后一句“然而，有一件事是明確的（Onethingisclear），除非（unless）我們處理汽車(chē)和公路的安全問(wèn)題，減少醉酒造成的事故，否則許多人將繼續(xù)死亡”，從Onethingisclear（有一件事是明確的）和unless可以看出，作者對(duì)于交通安全問(wèn)題是憤憤不平的，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“諷刺的”、C項(xiàng)“冷漠的”和D項(xiàng)“猶豫不決的”根據(jù)解題思路可知，表述與原文不符，曲解原文。

6.單選題

Theescapedprisonerjumpedontotheboatandthen（

）itawayfromtheseashorewithapole.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pushed

B.shoved

C.urged

D.pressed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。push“推動(dòng)，增加”；shove“擠，撞，猛推”；urge“催促，敦促”；press“壓，按，逼迫”。pushaway=shove。句意：逃犯先跳上船，然后用桿子將船退離岸邊。只有A項(xiàng)能與away搭配，且符合句意。故A項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Hewasproudofbeingchosentoparticipateinthegameandhe（

）usthathewouldtryashardaspossible.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.insured

B.guaranteed

C.assumed

D.assured

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。insure確保，投保；guarantee保證，擔(dān)保，一般指對(duì)事物的品質(zhì)或人的行為作出“擔(dān)?！?；assume假定，設(shè)想；assure保證，擔(dān)保，使確信，一般指：使人對(duì)某事感到肯定或放心。

句意：被選中參加比賽讓他感到很自豪，并向我們保證他會(huì)盡他最大的努力。選項(xiàng)D更符合語(yǔ)境。

8.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

他曾在許多著名的美術(shù)家門(mén)下學(xué)習(xí)。這些美術(shù)家中的一些渴望描述社會(huì)下層居民的生活。

只有通過(guò)這些科目考試的人才能擔(dān)任政府官員。

有證據(jù)證明黑猩猩(chimpanzee)過(guò)著一種復(fù)雜的社會(huì)生活，但具體的細(xì)節(jié)尚不清楚。

人們抱著一夜暴富的心理借錢(qián)賭牌。

肥沃的土地和豐富的植物提供了豐富的糧食，維護(hù)了社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定。

【答案】Hewasoncelearnedfrommanyfamousartists,someofwhomdesiredtodescribelivesofpeoplefromthelowerclass.

Onlypeoplewhopasstheseexamscanbecomegovernmentofficials.

Evidenceshowsthatchimpanzeesliveacomplexsociallife,butsomespecificdetailsarestillnotclear.

Peopleborrowmoneytogamblewiththethoughtofbecomingrichovernight.

Fertilesoilandabundantplantsprovideusenoughfoodandsustainthesociety'sstability.

9.單選題

Sincewearesosocialbeings,thequalityofourlivesdependsinlargemeasureonourinterpersonalrelationship.Onestrengthofthehumanconditionisourtendencytogiveandreceivesupportfromoneanotherunderstressfulcircumstances.Socialsupportconsistsoftheexchangeofresourcesamongpeoplebasedontheirinterpersonalties.

Thoseofuswithstrongsupportsystemsappearbetterabletocopewithmajorlifechangesanddailyhassles.Peoplewithstrongsocialtieslivelongerandhavebetterhealththanthosewithoutsuchties.Studiesoverarangeofillnesses,fromdepressiontoheartdisease,revealthatthepresenceofsocialsupporthelpspeoplefendoffillnessandabsenceofsuchsupportmakespoorhealthmorelikely.

Socialsupportcushionsstressinanumberofways.First,friends,relatives,andco-workersmayletusknowthattheyvalueus.Ourself-respectisstrengthenedwhenwefeelacceptedbyothersdespiteourfaultsanddifficulties.Second,otherpeopleoftenprovideuswithinformationalsupport.Theyhelpustodefineandunderstandourproblemsandfindsolutionstothem.Third,wetypicallyfindsocialcompanionshipsupportive.Engaginginleisure-timeactivitieswithothershelpsustomeetoursocialneedswhileatthesametimedistractingusfromourworriesandtroubles.Finally,otherpeoplemaygiveusinstrumentalsupport—afinancialaid,materialresources,andneededservices—thatreducesstressbyhelpingusresolveandcopewithourproblems.

1.Socialcompanionshipisbeneficialinthat（

）.

2.Interpersonalrelationshipsareimportantbecause

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword“cushions”(Para.3)?

4.Researchshowsthatpeople’sphysicalandmentalhealth

（

）.

5.Helpingasickneighborwithsomerepairworkisanexampleof（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ithelpsstrengthenourtieswithrelatives

B.itenablesustoeliminateourfaultsandmistakes

C.itmakesourleisure-timeactivesmoreenjoyable

D.itdrawsourattentionawayfromourworriesandtrouble

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyareindispensabletopeople’ssocialwell-being

B.theywakenpeople’sdesiretoexchangeresources

C.theyhelppeopletocopewithlifeintheinformationera

D.theycancurearangeofillnessessuchasheartdisease,etc.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Addsupto.

B.Doesawaywith.

C.Lessenstheeffectof.

D.Laysthefoundationfor.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.reliesonthesocialwelfaresystemswhichsupportthem

B.hasmuchtodowiththeamountofsupporttheygetfromothers

C.dependsontheirabilitytodealwithdailyworriesandtroubles

D.iscloselyrelatedtotheirstrengthforcopingwithmajorchangesintheirlives

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.instrumentalsupport

B.informationalsupport

C.socialcompanionship

D.thestrengtheningofself-respect

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Socialcompanionship定位至最后一段:wetypicallyfindsocialcompanionshipsupportive.Engaginginleisure-timeactivitieswithothershelpsustomeetoursocialneedswhileatthesametimedistractingusfromourworriesandtroubles(特別是，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)社會(huì)成員的身份是具有支持性作用的。與他人共度時(shí)光，進(jìn)行娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)有助于在滿足自己社交需求的同時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移對(duì)擔(dān)憂和麻煩事情的注意力)，由這句話可以推斷出socialcompanionship的好處在于它有助于幫助我們轉(zhuǎn)移對(duì)擔(dān)憂和麻煩事情的注意力，即選項(xiàng)D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Interpersonalrelationshipsd定位至第一段:Sincewearesosocialbeings,thequalityofourlivesdependsinlargemeasureonourinterpersonalrelationship(我們都是社會(huì)中的個(gè)體，我們的生活質(zhì)量在很大程度上取決于我們的社會(huì)人際關(guān)系)，由這句話體現(xiàn)了interpersonalrelationship的重要性及其原因一—我們都是社會(huì)中的個(gè)體，我們的生活離不開(kāi)社會(huì)人際關(guān)系，故選項(xiàng)A“interpersonalrelationship之所以重要是因?yàn)樗侨藗兊纳鐣?huì)活動(dòng)中不可或缺的一部分”正確。

3.詞義題。cushions—詞來(lái)源于文章中的Socialsupportcushionsstressinanumberofways；分析段落結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這句話是文章第三段的中心句，后面列舉的四個(gè)方法都是有關(guān)緩解壓力的。而且因此可以推斷出cushionsstress是“緩解壓力”的意思。故選C“減少……的影響”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞physicalandmentalhealth定位至第二段：Studiesoverarangeofillnesses,fromdepressiontoheartdisease,revealthatthepresenceofsocialsupporthelpspeoplefendoffillnessandabsenceofsuchsupportmakespoorhealthmorelikely(有關(guān)疾病的研究，從抑郁癥到心臟病，表明社會(huì)支持能夠幫助人們擺脫疾病，而社會(huì)支持的缺失則會(huì)增加身體不適的可能性)，在這句話中depression相當(dāng)于題干中的mentalhealth的范圍，heartdisease屬于physicalhealth的范圍，由此可知人們的身體和心理健康是與社會(huì)支持密切相關(guān)的，這里的社會(huì)支持相當(dāng)于選項(xiàng)B中的supporttheygetfromothers,故答案選項(xiàng)為B。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息Helpingasickneighborwithsomerepairwork定位至最后一段:Finally,otherpeoplemaygiveusinstrumentalsupport—afinancialaid,materialresources,andneededservices—thatreducesstressbyhelpingusresolveandcopewithourproblems.其中neededservices就相當(dāng)于題干的Helpingasickneighborwithsomerepairwork,故屬于instrumentalsupport。

10.單選題

Afterhewaspraisedforwhathehaddone,hesaid,“I______evenbetterunderharderconditions.”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.woulddo

B.wouldhavedone

C.did

D.haddone

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。under引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非真實(shí)條件句，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用wouldhavedone，故B項(xiàng)正確。句意：在他的所作所為受到表?yè)P(yáng)后，他說(shuō)，“在更艱苦的條件下，我會(huì)做得更好?！币虼?，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon,gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’ssurface,avisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion.Infact,theeventsthatproducedthecanyon,farfrombeingsuddenandcataclysmic,simplyadduptotheslowandorderlyprocessoferosion.

Manymillionsofyearsago,theColoradoPlateauintheGrandCanyonareacontained1,000morefeetofrockthanitdoestodayandwasrelativelylevel.Theadditionalmaterialconsistedofsome14layeredfonnationsofrock.IntheGrandCanyonregiontheselayerswerelargelywornawayoverthecourseofmillionsofyears.

Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateau’sflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressure;geologistsrefertothisbulgingactionasupwarping;itwasfollowedbyageneralelevationofthewholeColoradoPlateau,aprocessthatisstillgoingon.Astheplateaugraduallyrose,shallowriversthatmeanderedacrossitbegantorunmoreswiftlyandcutmoredefinitecourses.Oneoftheserivers,locatedeastoftheupwarp,wastheancestoroftheColorado.AnotherriversystemcalledtheHualapai,flowingwestoftheupwarp,extendeditselfeastwardbycuttingbackintotheupwarp;iteventuallyconnectedwiththeancientColoradoandcaptureditswaters.Thenewriverthenbegantocarveoutthe277-miIe-longtrenchthateventuallybecametheGrandCanyon.Geologistsestimatethatthisinitialcuttingactionbegannoearlierthan10millionyearsago.

Sincethen,thecanyonforminghasbeencumulative.Tothecorrosiveforceoftheriveritselfhavebeenaddedotherfactors.Heatandcold,rainandsnow,alongwiththevaryingresistanceoftherocks,increasetheopportunitiesforerosion.Thecanyonwallscrumble;theriveracquiresacuttingtool,tonsofdebris;rainfallrunningoffthehighplateaucreatesfeederstreamsthatcarvesidecanyons.Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateau,thesidecanyonsexposenewrocks,andthepatternoferosioncontinues.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.InthefirstsentencetheauthorreferstotheGrandCanyonasa“wound”toindicatethat（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingconclusionsabouttheGrandCanyoncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Patternsoferosionindifferentmountainranges.

B.ForcesthatmadetheGrandCanyons.

C.TheincreasingpollutionoftheColoradoRiver.

D.ThesuddenappearanceoftheGrandCanyon.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itwascausedbysomeancientconvulsion

B.itspresenceisanembarrassmenttotheStateofColorado

C.itlookslikeaninjuryontheEarth’ssurface

D.itiscausedmanyvisitorstoinjurethemselves

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itscontoursareconstantlychanging.

B.Itcontainsapproximately14milliontonsofrock.

C.Itseruptionshaveincreasedinrecentyears.

D.Itisbeingerodedbytoxicwasteandpollutants.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段介紹了大峽谷主要是由于緩慢而有序的侵蝕作用形成；第二三段對(duì)大峽谷形成的原因和過(guò)程進(jìn)行了仔細(xì)分析；最后一段進(jìn)一步介紹大峽谷的進(jìn)一步形成是由于各種力的作用。因此B選項(xiàng)“大峽谷形成的各種力”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon,gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’ssurface,avisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion.（站在大峽谷的邊緣，凝視著地球表面這個(gè)巨大的傷痕，游客可能會(huì)認(rèn)為峽谷是由一些古老的震動(dòng)造成的）可知C選項(xiàng)“看上去像是地球表面的傷痕”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateau,thesidecanyonsexposenewrocks,andthepatternoferosioncontinues.（緩慢地向后推進(jìn)高原，旁邊的峽谷露出新的巖石，侵蝕模式繼續(xù)進(jìn)行）可知大峽谷的輪廓在不斷變化，因此選A。

12.單選題

Thenewrangeofproducts（）lastautumnisalreadysellingfarbetterthanisexpected.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.launched

B.marketed

C.prevailed

D.envisioned

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。launch“上市”；market“銷(xiāo)售”；prevail“盛行”；envision“想象”。句意：去年秋天上市的新產(chǎn)品銷(xiāo)量比預(yù)期要好。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.單選題

TheculturesofChinaandJapanhavesharedmanyfeatures,buteachhasusedthemaccordingtoitsnational（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.personality

B.temperament

C.interest

D.destiny

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。句意：中日兩國(guó)文化有許多共同的特點(diǎn)，但兩國(guó)都根據(jù)各自的國(guó)情發(fā)揮了這些特點(diǎn)。Nationaltemperament指“國(guó)情”，為常用搭配。選項(xiàng)B正確。

14.單選題

______isknowntotheworld,MarkTwainisagreatAmericanwriter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.That

B.Which

C.As

D.It

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.That那個(gè)B.Which哪個(gè)

C.As作為D.It它

【考查點(diǎn)】非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

【解題思路】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，所以前半句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾后面整個(gè)主句，空格處要填入一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，而as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾，所以該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、D項(xiàng)不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；

B項(xiàng)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不放在句首。

【句意】眾所周知，馬克˙吐溫是偉大的美國(guó)作家。

15.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Lowwages,chronicunemploymentandunderemploymentleadtolowincome,lackofpropertyownership,absenceofsavings,absenceoffoodreservesinthehome,andachronicshortageofcash.Theseconditionsreducethepossibilityofeffectiveparticipationinthelargereconomicsystem.Andasaresponsetotheseconditionswefindinthecultureofpovertyahighincidenceofborrowingfromlocalmoneylendersathighratesofinterest,theuseofsecondhandclothingandfurniture,andthepatternoffrequentbuyingofsmallquantitiesoffoodmanytimesadayastheneedarises.

Peoplewithacultureofpovertyproduceverylittlewealthandreceiveverylittleinreturn.Theyhavealowlevelofliteracyandeducation,arenotmembersofpoliticalparties,generallydonotparticipateinthenationalwelfareagencies,andmakeverylittleuseofbanks,hospitals,departmentstoresandmuseums.Theyhaveacriticalattitudetowardsomeofthebasicinstitutionsofthedominantclasses,hatredofthepolice,mistrustofgovernmentandthoseinhighposition.Thisgivesthecultureofpovertyahighpotentialforprotestandforbeingusedinpoliticalmovementsaimedagainsttheexistingsocialorder.

Peoplewithacultureofpovertyareawareofmiddle-classvalues,talkaboutthemandevenclaimsomeofthemastheirown,butonthewholetheydonotlivebythem.Forexample,manywilltellyouthatmarriagebylaw,bythechurch,orbybothistheidealformofmarriage,butfewwillmarry.Tomenwhohavenosteadyjobsorothersourcesofincome,whodonotownpropertyandhavenowealthtopassontotheirchildren,whoarepresent-timeorientedandwhowanttoavoidtheexpenseandlegaldifficultiesinvolvedinformalmarriageanddivorce,freeunionsorconsensualmarriagesmakealotofsense.Womenwilloftenturndownoffersofmarriagebecausetheyfeelittiesthemdowntomenwhoareimmatureandgenerallyunreliable.Womenfeelthatconsensualuniongivesthemabetterbreak;itgivesthemsomeofthefreedomandflexibilitythatmenhave.Bynotgivingthefathersoftheirchildrenlegalstatusashusbands,thewomenhaveastrongerclaimontheirchildreniftheydecidetoleavetheirmen.Freeunionalsogiveswomenexclusiverightstoahouseoranyotherpropertytheymayown.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,adefiningcharacteristicofpoorpeopleisthatthey________.

2.Theauthorusesthephrase“cultureofpoverty”(Para.2)tosuggestthat________.

3.Byassertingthatthecultureofpovertycanbeusedbypoliticalmovements,theauthoris________.

4.Menandwomeninthecultureofpovertywhoavoidlegalizedmarriages________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lacktheskillstofinddecentjobs

B.areconstantlyinastateofcrisis

C.aresomewhatresponsiblefortheirownpoverty

D.areisolatedfromthemainstreamofsociety

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.poorpeopleoftentakeprideintheirpoverty

B.forsomepeoplepovertyhasbecomeaprevailingwayoflife

C.poorpeopleshareacommonbackground

D.thereareseverallevelsandclassificationsofpoorpeople

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.predictinganuprisingbythepoor

B.citingareasonforeliminatingpover