考研考博-英語-北海職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北海職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thecomputerrevolutionmaywellchangesocietyas（）asdidtheIndustrialRevolution.

問題1選項

A.certainly

B.insignificantly

C.fundamentally

D.comparatively

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項certainly“當(dāng)然；必定”；B選項insignificantly“無關(guān)緊要地”；C選項fundamentally“根本地，從根本上；基礎(chǔ)地”；D選項comparatively“比較地；相當(dāng)?shù)亍?。句意：計算機革命可能會像工業(yè)革命一樣從根本上改變我們的社會。因此C符合句意。

2.單選題

IhadvisitedthecapitalbeforealthoughmyfriendArthurhadnot,IfirstvisitedLondonasastudent,reluctantlyreleasedfromthebosomofatearfulmum,withatravelingtrunkstuffedfullofhome-madefruitcakesandwoollyvests.Iwasill-preparedfortheSpartanstandardsoftheSouth.Througheventhegrimmestpost-wardays,askidswehadploughedourwaythroughcornercutsofbeefandsteamedpuddings.SoyoucanimaginemydismaywhenIarrived,thatfirstday,atmyLondondigstobefacedwithaplateoftuna-pastesandwichesandathinsliceofcakeleftcurlingunderatea-towel.AndthatwassupposedtobeSundaylunch!

WhenIeventuallycaughtupwithmyextremelyirritatinglandlady,ImetwithavisionofsplendormoreinkeepingwiththeRoyalEnclosureattheracesthantheareainwhichshelived.Festoonedwithjewelsandfursandplasteredwithexclusivecosmetics,shewasawalkingadvertforBondStreet.

Now,wehaveanonetooelegantbutveryaptphraseforthisintheNorthofEngland,anditwastheonemyfriendArthurtodescribeLondonafterthreedaysthere:“Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath.”

Takeourhotel.Thereceptionareawasplushandinviting,theloungeanddining-roompoorenoughtostartArthurspeaking“properly”.Butjourneyupstairsfromonelandingtothenext,attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes.Bythetimewereachedourroom,allpretensiontorefinementandcomforthaddisappeared.Thefurcoatwasoff(backinthebandsofthehirepurchasecompany),andwhatwewerereallyexpectedtoputupwithforasmallfortuneanightwasexposedinallitsshamefulnakedness.Itwaslittlemorethanagarret,ashabbyaffairwithpatchedandpeelingwalls.TherewasastainedsinkwithpipesthatgrumbledandmutteredallnightlongandanassortmentoffurnishingsthatwouldhavedisgracedHerMajesty’sPrisonService.Butthecrowningglorywastheviewfromthewindow.Apeekbehindthehandsomefacadeofourfabledcity,rankgardenschokedwithrubbish,allthedebrisoflifepiledagainstthebackdoor.Itwasagoodjobthewindowdidn’topen,becausefromitallarosetheunmistakableodoroftheabyss.

Arthur,whosemumstillpolishesherbackstepanddisinfectsherdustbinonceaweek,slumpedontothebedinasuddenfitofdepression.“Nevermind,”Isaid,drawingthecurtains.“Youcanwatchtelly.”Thiswasoneofthehotel’sluxuries,whichinthenewspaperadhadpersuadedusweweregoingtospendtheweekinstyle.Itturnedouttobeayellowingplasticthingwithapicturewhichrolledoverandoverlikeaflounderingfishuntilyoutookyourfisttoit.ButArthurwasn’tgoingtobeconsoledbyanycheaptechnologicalgimmicks.

Hewassurehisdadhadforgottentofeedhispigeonsandthathisdogswerepiningawayforhim.Hegrewhorriblyhomesick.Afteraterriblenightspenttossingandturningtoaceaselesscacophonyofpipesandfiredoors,traffic,drunksandlow-flyingaircraft,Arthursurfacednextdaylikeaclaustrophobicmole.Londonhadgotsquarelyontopofhim.Sevenmillionpeoplehadsatonhimallnight,breathedhisair,generallyfouledhislivingspace,andcomebetweenhimandthatdailyquotaofprivacyandpeacewhichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners.

ArthurhadtobegotoutofLondonforawhile.

1.Whenthewriterfirstcametothecapital（）.

2.ThewriterwassurprisedatwhathereceivedforSundaylunchbecause（）.

3.ThelandladyseemedtoepitomizeaphraseusedintheNorthofEnglandtoindicatethatthingswere（）.

4.Theroomwhichthewriterandhisfriendweretoshare（）.

5.Thewriterfeelsthatinordertoremainsane,oneneedsacertainamountof（）.

問題1選項

A.hehadbeenveryreluctanttoleavehismother

B.hismotherhadnotwantedhimtoleavehome

C.hehadmadenopreparationsforhisjourneysouth

D.hehadsenthispossessionsonaheadinatrunk

問題2選項

A.foodhadalwaysbeenplentifulathome

B.hehadbeenusedtogrimmertimesathome

C.thingshadbeendifficultafterthewarupNorth

D.beefhadalwaysbeenavailablefromthebutcheronthecornerathome

問題3選項

A.tenderunderneaththesurface

B.vulnerabletotheoutsideworld

C.moreprofoundthantheyseemed

D.beautifulbutonlysuperficially

問題4選項

A.wasmoresuitedtohousingprisonersthanhotelguests

B.hadamagnificentviewfromoneofitswindows

C.hadadoorwhichprovidedaccesstoarubbishtip

D.wassituatedabovesomefoul-smellinggardens

問題5選項

A.physicalexercise

B.freshair

C.dailynourishment

D.breathingspace

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:文章第一段提到我第一次在倫敦旅行時還是個學(xué)生。那時候依依不舍地離開媽媽的懷抱，還提著一個裝滿家里做的水果蛋糕和羊毛背心的旅行箱。所以選項B符合題意。

第2題:文章第一段提到盡管是在戰(zhàn)后艱苦的日子，我們依然能吃到牛肉和蒸布丁，所以可以想象當(dāng)?shù)谝惶斓竭_(dá)倫敦寓所吃的食物的沮喪心情。所以選項A符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。由題干定位至第三段。作者認(rèn)為旅店女老板的裝扮非常俗氣，而他的朋友亞瑟在那里待了三天后對倫敦的描述是：“所有的都是毛皮外套，里面什么都沒有”（Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath）。而后面一段描述了豪華的接待區(qū)和破敗的休息室和餐廳以及閣樓水槽等，并說到文明的表象就在你眼前消失了（attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes）。由此可知，豪華的外表下竟是破敗的內(nèi)在。因此D項“虛有其表”正確。

第4題:作者和他的朋友的房間并不比頂樓大多少，四周是斑駁的墻壁。有一個褪了色的水池，水管整夜響不停，擺放的幾件家具還比不上英國監(jiān)獄局的。所以選項A符合題意。

第5題:文章倒數(shù)第一段提到日常的隱私和平靜可以保護我們不會墮落成瘋狂的兇手（whichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners），即一個人需要休息的場所和喘息的時間。所以選項D符合題意。

3.翻譯題

Bookendedby9/11atthestartandafinancialwipeoutattheend,thefirst10yearsofthiscenturywillverylikelygodownasthemostdispiritinganddisillusioningdecadeAmericanshavelivedthroughinthepost-WorldWarIIera.Whydidsomuchbadstuffhappeninthisdecade?Wasitjustrottenluckorsomethingmore?Inlargepart,wehaveourselvestoblame.

Itwasalmostasifwesaidinpreviousdecades,“Whydotodaywhatwecanputoffuntilthefirstdecadeofthe21stcentury?”Butwedidn’trisetothosechallenges.Whatwejustlivedthrough,then,wasthechickenscoininghometoroost.

IfwearenowwatchingthesunsetonaDecadefromHell,doesitnaturallyfollowthatthenextdecadewillbeallgoodandglory?Ofcoursenot.Andyettherearesomehopefulsigns.Wehaveseenthedestructivenessofdeferralandneglectoninfrastructure,nationalandglobalpolitics,financialmarketsandcorporategovernance,theawarenessofthatdangerismuchhighernow.

Wemaycontinuetoseeourglobaldominanceerode.Butverysignificantly,westillholdmanyoftheworld’strumpcards.Ifweavoidtheeasyoutsofdeferralandneglect,thenthenextdecadeshouldbeahelluvalotbetterthanthelastone.

【答案】始于9/11恐怖襲擊，止于金融大危機，本世紀(jì)的頭10年很可能成為美國人在二戰(zhàn)后經(jīng)歷的最令人沮喪、最令人幻滅的10年。為什么這十年發(fā)生了這么多壞事？是運氣不好還是別的原因？在很大程度上，我們要怪自己。

這幾乎就像我們在前幾十年說過的：“為什么今天要做我們可以推遲到21世紀(jì)第一個十年的事情？”，但我們沒有直面這些挑戰(zhàn)。這不，回顧我們剛剛所經(jīng)歷的一切，就是自食其果。

現(xiàn)在，如果我們忽視這十年前從地獄里升起的太陽，那是否意味著未來十年的繁榮和榮耀會自然而然地緊隨其后呢？答案是否定的，但是我們還是可以看到希望的曙光。我們已經(jīng)嘗盡持續(xù)不斷的破壞帶來的危害，以及忽略基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，忽視全國和全球政治、金融市場和政府間合作造成的惡果。而現(xiàn)今，這些不當(dāng)舉措帶來的危害遠(yuǎn)高于過去。

我們可能會繼續(xù)看到我們的全球主導(dǎo)地位被侵蝕。但非常重要的是，我們?nèi)匀晃沼性S多世界王牌。如果我們能夠避免不必要的錯誤，對重要的事件給予必要的關(guān)注，那么和過去的十年相比，未來十年間我們會有創(chuàng)世紀(jì)的發(fā)展。

4.單選題

I（）thathewasalittlecrippledinthelegsoIsloweddownmypace.

問題1選項

A.perceived

B.deceived

C.conceived

D.received

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項perceive“察覺，感知”；B選項deceive“欺騙”；C選項conceive“設(shè)想，構(gòu)思，認(rèn)為”；D選項receive“接收”。根據(jù)句意“我察覺到他的腿有點跛，所以我放慢了腳步?！边x項A符合句意。

5.單選題

Thefightcouldhavebeenavoidedifbothofyouhadbeenableto（

）youranger.

問題1選項

A.holdback

B.holdon

C.holdout

D.holdup

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。holdback“隱藏，退縮，抑制”；holdon“緊緊抓住，不掛斷電話”；holdout“堅持，伸出，提供”；holdup“舉起，阻擋”。句意：如果你們都能克制住自己的怒火，這場爭吵本來是可以避免的。A項符合題意。

6.單選題

Hisproposalis______toallofusandyoudonotneedtotellusmoreaboutit.

問題1選項

A.apparent

B.appearing

C.approaching

D.apart

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項apparent“明白易懂的；未必真實的”；B選項appearing“表現(xiàn)得；似乎”；C選項approaching“（在距離或時間上）靠近”；D選項apart“（指空間或時間）相隔”。句意：他的建議我們大家都______，你不需要進一步說明。根據(jù)語境，這里指大家都明白了他的建議是怎么回事，A選項apparent“明白易懂的”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

7.單選題

Themanagerlosthis

whenhefoundthathissecretarywashalfhourlateforwork.

問題1選項

A.manner

B.mood

C.temper

D.passion

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。loseone’stemper“發(fā)脾氣”。句意：發(fā)現(xiàn)他的秘書上班遲到半小時，經(jīng)理發(fā)了脾氣。選項C符合題意。

8.單選題

Don’t______thisnewstothepublicuntilwegiveyouthego-ahead.

問題1選項

A.release

B.relieve

C.relate

D.inform

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項release“釋放，發(fā)布”，B項relieve“解除，減輕”，C項relate“敘述，涉及”，D項inform“通知，告訴”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞news“新聞”和untilwegiveyouthego-ahead“直到我們同意”可知，與news搭配的詞應(yīng)該為“公布，發(fā)布”。句意：在我們同意之前，不要把這個計劃公之于眾。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

9.單選題

Havinggonethroughallkindsofhardshipsinlife,hebecameafamousclownwithastrong（）.

問題1選項

A.philosophy

B.manner

C.personality

D.idealism

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定用法。toblame意為“該受責(zé)備；怪罪；應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)”。句意“如果你從不復(fù)習(xí)你的臺詞，假如在表演時失敗了，你只能怪你自己?！边x項B符合語境。

10.單選題

Tomakeiteasiertoreturnanypurchases,savetheoriginalpackaging,especiallyforelectronicandhousehold（）.

問題1選項

A.instruments

B.facilities

C.appliances

D.equipment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。instrument“工具，樂器”；facility“設(shè)施，設(shè)備”；appliance“器具，裝置”；equipment“設(shè)備，裝備”。句意：為了退貨方便，需要保留原來的包裝，尤其是電子產(chǎn)品和家用電器。選項C符合題意。

11.單選題

Togetmytravellers'chequesIhadto（）aspecialchequetothebankforthetotalamount.

問題1選項

A.makefor

B.makeout

C.makeup

D.makeoff

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。makefor“走向，有助于，導(dǎo)致”；makeout“辨認(rèn)出，填寫，理解”；makeup“組成，彌補，虛構(gòu)，縫制”；makeoff“（尤指做了錯事后）匆忙離開，逃走”。句意：為了拿到游客們的支票，我不得不給銀行填寫了一個包含所有費用的特殊支票。選項B符合題意。

12.單選題

Ifyougetintoabathfullofwater,someofthewaterwill（

）ontothefloor.

問題1選項

A.overlap

B.overflow

C.flourish

D.flutter

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項overlap“與…重疊”；B選項overflow“溢出，泛濫”；C選項flourish“繁榮，茂盛，茁壯成長”；D選項flutter“飄動，飛來飛去”。句意：如果你進入一個充滿水的浴缸，水將會溢出到地板上。選項B符合句意。

13.單選題

Ineducationthereshouldbeagood（

）amongthebranchesofknowledgethat

contributetoeffectivethinkingandwisejudgment.

問題1選項

A.distribution

B.combination

C.assignment

D.balance

【答案】D

【解析】句意:教育領(lǐng)域內(nèi)，在促進有效思考和機智判斷的不同知識分支中應(yīng)該有一個良好的平衡。

考查名詞辨析。Distribution分配,分布,分發(fā);combination結(jié)合,聯(lián)合,混合;assignment(分派的)工作，任務(wù),(工作等的)分派;balance平衡。分析題干可知此處表示“保持平衡”。故選D。

14.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

DuringthepastfourdecadesthefisheryscientistsoftheWesthavestudiedthedynamicsoffishpopulationswiththeobjectiveofdeterminingtherelationbetweentheamountoffishingandthesustainablecatch.

Clearly,sciencemayinvolvenotonlycarefulobservationbutalsoawillingnesstobecreative;thismayentaillookingbeyondexistingparadigmsgoverningresearchinagivenareaofstudy.

Practitionersexplicitlyinterpretwhattheyobserve,andoftencategorizetheirdataafterthedatacollectionprocessiscompleteandfromtheperspectivesofthepeopletheyobserving.

Thesubjectofsocialscienceinquiryispatternedsocialregularities.Asearchfortheseregularitiesshowsthatmosthumanbehavior,frombigandmomentousactstosmallandinsignificantones,ispatterned.

WallStreetislivingonborrowedtime.SincetheOctober1987crashsecuritiestradinghasbeendepressed,retailinvestorshavehurriedoutofstocksandtheissueofnewsharestockshasbeendecreasedsharply.

Infact,thecollationoftheselistshasbeenenoughtopulldownourvanity;forthemoreonelooksatwhatisavailableinanunfamiliarfield,themoreurgent,thedesireonefeelstoabandontheaffectationsoftheeditorandassumethemodestythestudent.

Ofalltheareasoflearning,themostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes.Emotionalreactionsaswellaslogicalthoughtprocessesaffectthebehaviorofmostpeople.

Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customsbeliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeversavage,undeveloped,oruncivilizeditmayseemtous.

Ifweaccepttheideathatwewon'teverfullyknowanotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthatgetinthewayofaccurateknowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.

Whilepopulationswerelowandstablelittlepermanentdamagewasdone,butwithasteadyincreaseinthesizeandnumberofhumancommunitiestheforestandsoilhavelittletimetorecover.

【答案】在過去的四十年里，西方漁業(yè)科學(xué)家研究了魚類種群的動態(tài)，目的是確定漁獲量與魚類數(shù)量之間的關(guān)系。

顯然，科學(xué)不僅包括仔細(xì)觀察，而且還要樂于創(chuàng)新；這可能需要超越現(xiàn)有的在某一特定領(lǐng)域管理研究的模式。

從業(yè)者明確解釋他們所觀察到的內(nèi)容，并且通常在數(shù)據(jù)收集過程完成后，從他們觀察到的人的角度對他們的數(shù)據(jù)進行分類。

社會科學(xué)探究的對象是模式化的社會常規(guī)。對這些常規(guī)的調(diào)查顯示了大多數(shù)人類的行為都是模式化的，從重大的行為到微小的行為。

華爾街以借來的時間為生。自從1987年10月的證券市場崩潰以來，散戶投資者紛紛撤出股票，新股發(fā)行大幅減少。

事實上，對這些清單的整理已經(jīng)足夠消除我們的虛榮心了。因為一個人越多地看一個陌生領(lǐng)域中的東西，他就越迫切地想要放棄的編輯的裝模作樣，并承擔(dān)起學(xué)生的謙遜。

在所有學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域中，最重要的是培養(yǎng)態(tài)度。情感反應(yīng)和邏輯思維過程影響著大多數(shù)人的行為。

文化是一個特定群體的所有傳統(tǒng)、習(xí)俗、信仰和生活方式的總和。從這個意義上說，每一個群體都有一種文化，無論在我們看來它是野蠻的、不發(fā)達(dá)的還是不文明的。

如果我們接受我們永遠(yuǎn)不會完全了解另一個人的想法，它使我們能夠更容易地處理如秘密和欺騙那些阻礙我們獲得準(zhǔn)確信息的事物。

雖然過去人口少且穩(wěn)定，可造成的永久性損害很少，但隨著人類社區(qū)規(guī)模和數(shù)量的穩(wěn)步增加森林和土壤幾乎沒有時間恢復(fù)。

15.單選題

Speakingtwolanguagesratherthanjustonehasobviouspracticalbenefitsinanincreasinglyglobalizedworld.Butinrecentyears,scientistshavebeguntoshowthattheadvantagesofbilingualismareevenmorefundamentalthanbeingabletoconversewithawiderrangeofpeople.Beingbilingual,itturnsout,makesyousmarter.Itcanhaveaprofoundeffectonyourbrain,improvingcognitiveskillsnotrelatedtolanguageandevenshieldingagainstdementia（癡呆）inoldage.

Thisviewofbilingualismisremarkablydifferentfromtheunderstandingofbilingualismthroughmuchofthe20thcentury.Researchers,educatorsandpolicymakerslongconsideredasecondlanguagetobeaninterference,cognitivelyspeaking,thathinderedachild’sacademicandintellectualdevelopment.

Theywerenotwrongabouttheinterference:thereisampleevidencethatinabilingual’sbrainbothlanguagesystemsareactiveevenwhenheisusingonlyonelanguage,thuscreatingsituationsinwhichonesystemobstructs（癡呆）theother.Butthisinterference,researchersarefindingout,isn’tsomuchahandicapasablessingindisguise.Itforcesthebraintoresolveinternalconflict,givingthemindaworkoutthatstrengthensitscognitivemuscles.

Thecollectiveevidencefromanumberofsuchstudiessuggeststhatthebilingualexperienceimprovesthebrain’sso-calledexecutivefunction.Acommandsystemdirectstheattentionprocessesthatweuseforplanning,solvingproblemsandperformingvariousothermentallydemandingtasks.Theseprocessesincludeignoringdistractionstostayfocused,switchingattentionwillfullyfromonethingtoanotherandholdinginformationinmind—likerememberingasequenceofdirectionswhiledriving.

Whydoesthetussle（搏斗）betweentwosimultaneouslyactivelanguagesystemsimprovetheseaspectsofcognition?Untilrecently,researchersthoughtthebilingualadvantagestemmedprimarilyfromanabilityforinhibitionthatwashoned（磨煉）bytheexerciseofsuppressingonelanguagesystem:thissuppression,itwasthought,wouldhelptrainthebilingualmindtoignoredistractionsinothercontexts.Butthatexplanationincreasinglyappearstobeinadequate,sincestudieshaveshownthatbilingualsperformbetterthanmonolingualsevenattasksthatdonotrequireinhibition,likethreadingalinethroughanascendingseriesofnumbersscatteredrandomlyonapage.

Thekeydifferencebetweenbilingualsandmonolingualsmaybemorebasic:aheightenedabilitytomonitortheenvironment.“Bilingualshavetoswitchlanguagesquiteoften—youmaytalktoyourfatherinonelanguageandtoyourmotherinanotherlanguage,”saysAlbertCosta,aresearcherattheUniversityofPompeaFabrainSpain.“Itrequireskeepingtrackofchangesaroundyouinthesamewaythatwemonitoroursurroundingswhendriving.”InastudycomparingGerman-ItalianbilingualswithItalianmonolingualsonmonitoringtasks,Mr.Costaandhiscolleaguesfoundthatthebilingualsubjectsnotonlyperformedbetter,buttheyalsodidsowithlessactivityinpartsofthebraininvolvedinmonitoring,indicatingthattheyweremoreefficientatit.

Thebilingualexperienceappearstoinfluencethebrainfrominfancytooldage,andthereisreasontobelievethatitmayalsoapplytothosewholearnasecondlanguagelaterinlife.

1.Accordingtothepassage,themorerecentandoldviewsofbilingualismdiffermainlyin（

）.

2.Thefactthatinterferenceisnowseenasablessingindisguisemeansthat

（

）.

3.WhatistheroleofParagraphFourinrelationtoParagraphThree?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanaccountforbetterperformanceofbilingualsindoingnon-inhibitiontasks?

5.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.itspracticaladvantages

B.perceivedlanguagefluency

C.itsroleincognition

D.itsroleinmedicine

問題2選項

A.itspotentialbenefitshaveremainedundiscovered

B.ithasledtounexpectedlyfavorableresults

C.itseffectsoncognitivedevelopmenthavebeenminimal

D.onlyafewresearchershaverealizeditsadvantages

問題3選項

A.ItprovidescounterevidencetoParagraphThree.

B.Itoffersanotherexampleoftheroleofinterference.

C.Itservesasatransitionalparagraphinthepassage.

D.ItfurtherillustratesthepointinParagraphThree.

問題4選項

A.Anabilitytoignoredistractions

B.Anabilitytomonitorsurroundings.

C.Anabilitytoperformwithlesseffort.

D.Anabilitytoexercisesuppression.

問題5選項

A.Featuresofbilingualsandmonolinguals.

B.Interferenceandsuppression.

C.Bilingualsandmonitoringtasks.

D.Reasonswhybilingualsaresmarter

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Beingbilingual,itturnsout,makesyousmarter.Itcanhaveaprofoundeffectonyourbrain,improvingcognitiveskillsnotrelatedtolanguageandevenshieldingagainstdementiainoldage.（事實證明，雙語能讓你更聰明。它可以對你的大腦產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響，提高與語言無關(guān)的認(rèn)知能力，甚至可以在老年時抵御癡呆癥）可知C選項“它在認(rèn)知中的作用”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞interference定位到文章第三段中，由Butthisinterference,researchersarefindingout,isn’tsomuchahandicapasablessingindisguise.Itforcesthebraintoresolveinternalconflict,givingthemindaworkoutthatstrengthensitscognitivemuscles.（但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種干擾與其說是一種障礙，不如說是一種偽裝的祝福。它迫使大腦解決內(nèi)部沖突，給大腦一個加強認(rèn)知肌肉的鍛煉）可知B選項“它帶來意外的有利結(jié)果”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第三段介紹干擾雖然存在，但能鍛煉認(rèn)知肌肉，第四段介紹研究表明雙語經(jīng)歷能改善大腦的執(zhí)行功能，接著又詳細(xì)說明大腦的工作流程來證明上面的觀點。故第四段進一步說明第三段的內(nèi)容，因此D選項“它進一步說明了第三段的觀點”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞non-inhibitiontasks定位到文章第五段中，由Butthatexplanationincreasinglyappearstobeinadequate,sincestudieshaveshownthatbilingualsperformbetterthanmonolingualsevenattasksthatdonotrequireinhibition（但這種解釋似乎越來越不充分，因為研究表明，即使在不需要抑制的任務(wù)中，雙語者的表現(xiàn)也比單語者好）和第六段中的Thekeydifferencebetweenbilingualsandmonolingualsmaybemorebasic:aheightenedabilitytomonitortheenvironment.（雙語者和單語者之間的關(guān)鍵區(qū)別可能更為基本：提高了監(jiān)控環(huán)境的能力）可知B選項“監(jiān)測環(huán)境的能力”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章首段提出雙語者更聰明，尾段提出雙語經(jīng)驗對學(xué)習(xí)第二語言的有利影響，中間內(nèi)容解釋了雙語干擾帶來能鍛煉認(rèn)知肌肉，雙語經(jīng)歷能改善大腦的執(zhí)行功能。因此D選項“雙語者更聰明的原因”符合題意。

16.單選題

Causeandeffectrelationshipsareoftenexpressedwithoutanyovertmarkers.

問題1選項

A.masked

B.evident

C.circular

D.inoperable

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。overt表示“明顯的，外顯的”；A項masked“戴面具的，潛伏的”，B項evident“明顯的，明白的”，C項circular“循環(huán)的，圓形的”，D項inoperable“不實用的”。句意：因果關(guān)系的表達(dá)往往沒有任何明顯的標(biāo)記。因此B項正確。

17.單選題

WhenBartleyHubbardwenttointerviewSilasLaphamforthe“SolidMenofBoston”series,whichheundertooktofinishupinTheEvents,afterhereplacedtheoriginatoroftheprojectonthatnewspaper,Laphamreceivedhiminhisprivateofficebypreviousappointment.

“Walkrightin!”hecalledouttothejournalist,whomhecaughtsightofthroughthedoorofthecountingroom.

Hedidnotrisefromthedeskatwhichhewaswriting,buthegaveBartleyhislefthandforwelcome,andherolledhislargeheadinthedirectionofavacantchair.“Sitdown!I’llbewithyouinjusthalfaminute.”

“Takeyourtime,”saidBartley,withtheeaseheinstantlyfelt.“I’minnohurry.”Hetookanote-bookfromhispocket,laiditonhisknee,andbegantosharpenapencil.

“There!”Laphampoundedwithhisgreathairyfistontheenvelopehehadbeenaddressing.“William!”hecalledout,andhehandedthelettertoaboywhocametogetit.Iwantthattogorightaway.Well,sir,”hecontinued,wheelingroundinhisleather-cushionedswivelchair,andfacingBartley,seatedsonearthattheirkneesalmosttouched,“soyouwantmylife,death,andChristiansufferings,doyou,youngman?”

“That’swhatI’mafter,”saidBartley.“Yourmoneyoryourlife.”

“Iguessyouwouldn’twantmylifewithoutthemoney,”saidLapham,asifhewerewillingtoprolongthesemomentsofpreparation.

“Takethemboth,”Bartleysuggested,“Don’twantyourmoneywithoutyourlife,ifyoucometothat.Butyou’rejustonemilliontimesmoreinterestingtothepublicthanifyouhadn’tadollar;andyouknowthataswellasIdo;Mr.Lapham.There’snousebeatingaroundthebush.”

“No,”saidLapham,somewhatabsently.Heputouthishugefootandpushedtheground-glassdoorshutbetweenhislittledenandthebook-keepers,intheirlargerdenoutside.

“InpersonalappearancewroteBartleyinthesketchforwhichhenowstudiedhissubject,whilehewaitedpatientlyforhimtocontinue,“SilasLaphamisafinetypeofthesuccessfulAmerican.Hehasasquare,boldchin,onlypartiallyconcealedbytheshortreddish-greybeard,growingtotheedgesofhisfirmlyclosinglips.Hisnoseisshortandstraight;hisforeheadgood,butbroadratherthanhigh;hiseyesblue,andwithalightinthemthatiskindlyorsharpaccordingtohismood.Heisofmediumheight,andfillsanaveragearm-chairwithasolidbulk,whichonthedayofourinterviewwasunpretentiouslycladinabusinesssuitofblueserge.Hisheaddroopssomewhatfromashortneck,whichdoesnottroubleitselftorisefarfromapairofmassiveshoulders.”

“Idon’tknowasIknowjustwhereyouwantmetobegin,”saidLapham.

“Mightbeginwithyourbirth;that’swheremostofusbegin,”repliedBartley.

AgleamofhumorousappreciationshotintoLapham’sblueeyes.

“Ididn’tknowwhetheryouwantedmetogoquitesofarbackasthat,”hesaid.“Butthere’snodisgraceinhavingbeenborn,andI.wasbornintheStateofVermont,prettywellupundertheCanadaline—sowellup,infactIcameverynearbeinganadoptivecitizen;forIwasboundtobeanAmericanofsomesort,fromthewordGo!Thatwasabout—well,letmesee!—prettynearsixtyyearsago;thisis75,andthatwas20.Well,sayI’mfifty-fiveyearsold;andIhavelived’em,too;notanhourofwastetimeaboutme,anywhere!Iwasbornonafarm,and—”

“Workedinthefieldssummersandwenttoschoolwinters:regulationthing?”Bartleycutin.

“Regulationthing,”saidLapham,acceptingthisirreverentversionofhishistorysomewhatdryly.

“Parentspoor,ofcourse,”suggestedthejournalist.“Anybarefootbusiness?Earlydeprivationofanykind,thatwouldencouragetheyouthfulreadertogoanddolikewise?Orphanmyself,youknow,”saidBartley,withasmileofcynicalgood-comradery.

Laphamlookedathimsilently,andthensaidwithquietself-respect,“Iguessifyouseethesethingsasajoke,mylifewon’tinterestyou.”

“Ohyes,itwill,”returnedBartley,unabashed.“You’llsee;it’llcomeoutallright.”Andinfactitdidso,intheinterviewwhichBartleyprinted.

“Mr.Lapham”hewrote,“passedrapidlyoverthestoryofhisearlylife,itspovertyanditshardships,sweetened,however,bytherecollectionsofadevotedmother,andafatherwho,ifsomewhatherinferiorineducation,wasnolessambitiousfortheadvancementofhischildren.Theywerequiet,unpretentiouspeople,religious,afterthefashionofthattime,andofsterlingmorality,andtheytaughttheirchildrenthesimplevirtuesoftheOldTestamentandPoorRichard’sAlmanac.”

Bartleycouldnotdenyhimselfthisgibe;buthetrustedtoLapham’sunliteraryhabitofmindforhissecurityinmakingit,andmostotherpeoplewouldconsideritsincerereporter’srhetoric.

1ThenarratorincludesthefactthatLaphammetBartley“inhisprivateofficebypreviousappointment”tosuggestthatLapham______.

2.Lapham’sreactiontoBartley’sarrivalinhisofficecanbestbedescribedas______.

3.BartleyinformsLaphamthatheisanorphanhimselfforallthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT:______.

4.AccordingtoBartley’ssketchofLapham,Silascreditshisparentswith______.

5.Throughoutthepassage,Bartley’sattitudetowardLaphamcanbestbedescribedasoneof______.

問題1選項

A.managedtosqueezeBarleyintoabusyscheduleofappointments

B.hashiredanofficestafftoattendtothedetailsofthebusiness

C.wishestoenhancehisimageandstatus

D.knowsthatBartleyplanstoaskhimpersonalquestions

問題2選項

A.antagonistic;hetakesaninstantdisliketoBartley

B.casual;hewantstoappearaneasygoingfellowandlaidback

C.cordial;hetreatsBartleylikeawelcomeguest

D.indifferent;hehasmorepressingmatterstoattendto

問題3選項

A.toinsinuatethatLapham’sdeprivationswerenotunique

B.towinLapham’ssympathy

C.toestablishrapportwithLapham

D.tolightenuptheconversation

問題4選項

A.bestowingonhimanhonestandopenpersonality

B.motivatinghimtosucceedinlife

C.exposinghimtotheOldTestamentandPoorRichard’sAlmanac

D.tougheninghimupforacareerasabusinessman

問題5選項

A.cynicism

B.resentment

C.contempt

D.Ingratitude

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

1.ThenarratorincludesthefactthatLaphammetBartley“inhisprivateofficebypreviousappointment”tosuggestthatLapham______.1敘述者描述了拉帕姆與巴特利“在他的私人辦公室會面”的事實，以此暗示拉帕姆______。

A.managedtosqueezeBarleyintoabusyscheduleofappointmentsA.設(shè)法把巴利擠進了繁忙的會議日程中

B.hashiredanofficestafftoattendtothedetailsofthebusinessB.已雇用辦公室職員來處理業(yè)務(wù)細(xì)節(jié)

C.wishestoenhancehisimageandstatusC.希望提升自己的形象和地位

D.knowsthatBartleyplanstoaskhimpersonalquestionsD.知道巴特利打算問他一些私人問題

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段“當(dāng)巴特利˙哈伯德代替報紙上的項目發(fā)起人去采訪塞拉斯˙拉帕姆的‘波士頓的好人’系列時，拉帕姆按照事先的約定在他的私人辦公室里接待了他”，由此可推斷，在私人辦公室進行的采訪肯定會涉及一些私人問題，并且下文對于他們兩個談話的描述也可以看出，巴特利采訪涉及到了拉帕姆從出生開始到以后的事情，所以該題選擇D項“知道巴特利打算問他一些私人問題”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“設(shè)法把巴利擠進了繁忙的會議日程中”和C項“希望提升自己的形象和地位”沒有提到，這兩項屬于無中生有；

B項“已雇用辦公室職員來處理業(yè)務(wù)細(xì)節(jié)”，文中沒有提到辦公室職員，只提到一個取信的男孩，該項屬于無中生有。

2.【選項釋義】

2.Lapham’sreactiontoBartley’sarrivalinhisofficecanbestbedescribedas______.2.拉帕姆對巴特利來到他辦公室的反應(yīng)可以用______來描述。

A.antagonistic;hetakesaninstantdisliketoBartleyA.敵對的；他一見到巴特利就不喜歡

B.casual;hewantstoappearaneasygoingfellowandlaidbackB.隨意的；他想表現(xiàn)得隨和

C.cordial;hetreatsBartleylikeawelcomeguestC.熱誠的；他把巴特利當(dāng)作受歡迎的客人

D.indifferent;hehasmorepressingmatte