考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京第二外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京第二外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight'ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandrears,bythelate1970s.neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust"mentalnoise"therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind'semotionalthermostatregulatingmoodswhilethebrainisoff-line"Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter,"it'syourdream"saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter."Ifyoudon'tlikeit,changeit.

Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep-whenmostvividdreamsoccur-asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr,EricNofZingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved,thelimbicsystem(the"emotionalbrain")isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet,"Wewakeupfromdreamshappyofdepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday"saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.

ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright'sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon'talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday'sevents-until,itappears,webegintodream.

Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream,visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeisoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.

Attheendoftheday,there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingof"wewakeupinapanic”.CartwrightsaysTerrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople'sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings,sleep-orratherdream-onitandyou'llfeelbetterinthemorning.

1.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams

（

）.

2.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow（

）.

3.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto

（

）.

4.Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat

（

）.

5.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavehaddreams?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.canbemodifiedintheircourses

B.aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges

C.reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears

D.arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itsfunctioninourdreams

B.themechanismofREMsleep

C.therelationofdreamstoemotions

D.itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.aggravateinourunconsciousmind.

B.developintohappydreams.

C.persisttillthetimewefallasleep.

D.showupindreamsearlyatnight.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams

B.visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontroll

C.dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression

D.dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Leadyourlifeasusual.

B.Seekprofessionalhelp.

C.Exerciseconsciouscontrol.

D.Avoidanxietyinthedaytime.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.（一位權(quán)威人士說(shuō)，這些強(qiáng)大的精神事件不僅可以被利用，而且實(shí)際上可以在有意識(shí)的控制下，幫助我們睡眠和感覺(jué)更好）"it'syourdream"saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter."Ifyoudon'tlikeit,changeit.可知選A。

第2題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中thelimbicsystem(the"emotionalbrain")isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortexisrelativelyquiet,"Wewakeupfromdreamshappyofdepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday"可知邊緣系統(tǒng)（“情感大腦”）特別活躍，夢(mèng)里的感覺(jué)會(huì)影響一天的情緒，因此選C，作者是為了說(shuō)明夢(mèng)與情緒的關(guān)系。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.（大多數(shù)人在晚上入睡的較早階段做更多不好的夢(mèng)，在快醒來(lái)之前，會(huì)逐漸做一些更開(kāi)心的夢(mèng)，這意味著他們?cè)诳朔滋飚a(chǎn)生的負(fù)面情緒）因此選D。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.（而該過(guò)程不一定是無(wú)意識(shí)的。Cartwright認(rèn)為人們練習(xí)有意識(shí)地控制反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的惡夢(mèng)）可知D選項(xiàng)“做夢(mèng)可能并不完全屬于無(wú)意識(shí)”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingof"wewakeupinapanic”可知只要夢(mèng)不使我們無(wú)法入睡或從夢(mèng)中驚醒，就幾乎沒(méi)有理由關(guān)注我們做的夢(mèng)，因此對(duì)有時(shí)做夢(mèng)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，像以往正常的生活就行，故選A。

2.單選題

OilcompaniesintheU.S.arealreadybeginningtofeelthepressure.Refineryworkersandpetroleum-equipment-manufacturingemployeesarebeing______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.laidout

B.laidoff

C.laiddown

D.laidaside

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)layout“安排，陳列”，B項(xiàng)layoff“下崗，解雇”，C項(xiàng)laydown“放下，制定”，D項(xiàng)layaside“擱置”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞workers“工人”和employees“雇員”可推測(cè)，空格部分表示“解雇，下崗”。句意：美國(guó)的石油公司已經(jīng)開(kāi)始感受到壓力。煉油工人和石油設(shè)備制造工人正在被解雇。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Therewere150_____attheinternationalconferencethissummer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.spectators

B.viewers

C.participants

D.onlookers

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析。spectator觀眾，旁觀者；viewer觀察者，觀看者；participant參與者；onlooker旁觀者，觀眾。句意：今年夏季的國(guó)際會(huì)議有150名與會(huì)者。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.寫(xiě)作題

Directions:Itisfoundthatmanystudentstodaysimply"cutandpaste"informationfromtheInternetwhentheydotheirassignments.Whatcanbedonetostopthis?Pleasewriteanessayofabout300wordsonthisissue.Youshouldalsogiveyouressayapropertitleonthebasisofyoursuggestion(s).Writetheessayontheanswersheet2only.

【答案】TeachersandStudentsShouldUnite5.單選題

Doweneedlawsthatpreventusfromrunningriskswithourlives?Ifso,thenperhapslawsareneededprohibitingthesaleofcigarettesandalcoholicdrinks.Bothproductshavebeenknowntokillpeople.Thehazardsofdrinkingtoomuchalcoholareasbadasorworsethanthehazardsofsmokingtoomanycigarettes.Allrightthen,let’spassalawclosingtheliquorstoresandthebarsinthiscountry.Let’sputanendonceandforalltotheruinousdiseasefromwhichasmanyas10millionAmericanscurrentlysufferalcoholism.

Butwait,we’vealreadytriedthat.For13years,between1920and1933,therewerenoliquorstoresanywhereintheUnitedStates.TheywereshutdownabolishedbyanamendmenttotheConstitution(the18th)andbyalawofCongress(theVolsteadAct).AfterJanuary20,1920,therewassupposedtobenomoremanufacturing,selling,ortransportingof“intoxicatingliquor”.Withoutanymoreliquor,peoplecouldnotdrinkit,andiftheydidnotdrinkit,howcouldtheygetdrunk?Therewouldbenomoredangerstothepublicwelfarefromdrunkennessandalcoholism.Itwasallverylogical.Andyetprohibitionofliquor,beer,andwinedidnotwork.Why?

Because,lawornolaw,millionsofpeoplestilllikedtodrinkalcohol.Andtheywerewillingtotakerisksofgettingit.Theywerenotabouttochangetheirtastesandhabitsjustbecauseofachangeinthelaw.Andgangsofliquorsmugglersmadeiteasytobuyanillegaldrink.TheysmuggledmillionsofgallonsoftheoutlawedbeveragesacrosstheCanadianandMexicanboarders.DrinkerswereluckytoknowofanillegalbarthatservedMexicanorCanadianliquor.Crimeanddrunkennesswerebothsupposedtodeclineasaresultofprohibition;insteadpeopledrankmorealcoholthanever—oftenpoisonedalcohol.

OnDecember5,1933,theyrepealedprohibitionbyratifyingthe21stAmendmenttotheConstitution.

1.WhichofthefollowingwasNotacharacteristicreasonfortheproposalofthe18thAmendmenttotheConstitutionandtheVolsteadAct?

2.Duringprohibition,illegalalcoholwas（）

3.Whenenactingtheprohibitionlaws,people（）

4.Whenenactingtheprohibitionlaws,governmentofficialsassumedthat（）

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Therewouldbenofurtherdangertothepublicfromalcoholism.

B.Therewouldbeariseinthecostofalcoholicbeverages.

C.Withoutliquor,peoplewouldnotdrink.

D.Peoplewouldn’tbecomedrunkorcreateapublicnuisance.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.soldopenly

B.nolongeratemptation

C.amajorfactorinthepassageoftheVolsteadAct

D.broughtacrosstheMexicanandCanadianborders

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.livedinfearofthelaw

B.werewillingtoriskofarrestingforthepleasureofliquor

C.recklesslyendangeredtheircommunities

D.wererespectfulofthelegalsanctionsplacedonthem

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.everyAmericanwouldbuyalcoholillegally

B.allcriminalactivitieswouldcease

C.patrolsoftheCanadianborderwouldhaltthesaleofalcohol

D.thesocialthreatfromdrunkennesswoulddecline

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theCongresswaswisetorepealprohibition

B.theprohibitionwascharacterizedbyadecreaseincrimeanddrunkenness

C.duringprohibition,mostAmericansstopdrinking

D.lawsshouldbepassedtobanthesaleofalcoholbeverage

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,選項(xiàng)A、C、D在本段均有提及,只有選項(xiàng)B沒(méi)有提及。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的第五句“TheysmuggledmillionsofgallonsoftheoutlawedbeveragesacrosstheCanadianandMexicanboarders.”可知,非法酒類(lèi)是通過(guò)墨西哥及加拿大的邊境走私而來(lái)的,所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的一二句“l(fā)awornolaw,millionsofpeoplestilllikedtodrinkalcohol.Andtheywerewillingtotakerisksofgettingit.”選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“Crimeanddrunkennesswerebothsupposedtodeclineasaresultofprohibition；”禁酒的結(jié)果本應(yīng)該是減少犯罪和酗酒。由此推斷官員推行禁酒是希望酗酒對(duì)社會(huì)的威脅會(huì)有所下降,選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“peopledrankmorealcoholthanever—oftenpoisonedalcohol.”有了禁令之后,人們喝得比以前更多了。因此在1933年12月5日廢除了禁令,這一做法是明智的,選項(xiàng)A正確。

6.單選題

PresidentBushwarnedCongressonWednesdaythatinactiononhispushto_______SocialSecuritycouldbreedpoliticalrepercussions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accustom

B.formulate

C.overhaul

D.dismantle

【答案】C

【解析】accustom使習(xí)慣于；formulate用公式表示，明確地表達(dá)；overhaul檢查，革新；dismantle拆除，取消。句意：布什總統(tǒng)于星期三對(duì)國(guó)會(huì)發(fā)出警告，如果不支持他推動(dòng)社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)的全面改革可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生政治影響。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.單選題

Theyaccepttheimperativeofnewtechnology,butwanttointroduceitinwaysthatprotectasmuchoftheirexistingbusinessaspossible.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.necessity

B.inevitablecoming

C.stateofart

D.novelty

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.necessity必然；必要B.inevitablecoming不可避免的未來(lái)

C.stateofart工藝水平；工藝現(xiàn)狀

D.novelty新奇；新穎

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】分析句子，imperative在句中是作名詞，本意是“重要緊急的事；必要的事”，在這里theimperativeofnewtechnology是指新技術(shù)的必要性，imperative在該句中表示“必要性”，A項(xiàng)詞義與之相近，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合劃線單詞詞義。

【句意】他們接受新技術(shù)的必要性，但希望以盡可能保護(hù)現(xiàn)有業(yè)務(wù)的方式引入新技術(shù)。

8.單選題

Weatheringisthebreakingdownofrocks,soilsandmineralsaswellasartificialmaterialsthroughcontactwiththeEarth'satmosphere,biotaandwaters.Weatheringoccursinsitu,or"withnomovement",andthusshouldnotbeconfusedwitherosion,whichinvolvesthemovementofrocksandmineralsbyagentssuchaswater,ice,snow,windandgravity.

Twoimportantclassificationsofweatheringprocessesexist-physicalandchemicalweathering.Mechanicalorphysicalweatheringinvolvesthebreakdownofrocksandsoilsthroughdirectcontactwithatmosphericconditions,suchasheat,water,iceandpressure.Thesecondclassification,chemicalweathering,involvesthedirecteffectofatmosphericchemicalsorbiologicallyproducedchemicals（alsoknownasbiologicalweathering）inthebreakdownofrocks,soilsandminerals.

Thematerialsleftoveraftertherockbreaksdowncombinedwithorganicmaterialcreatessoil.Themineralcontentofthesoilisdeterminedbytheparentmaterial,thusasoilderivedfromasinglerocktypecanoftenbedeficientinoneormoremineralsforgoodfertility,whileasoilweatheredfromamixofrocktypes（asinglacial,aeolianoralluvialsediments）oftenmakesmorefertilesoil.InadditionmanyofEarth'slandformsandlandscapesaretheresultofweatheringprocessescombinedwitherosionandre-deposition.

Chemicalweatheringchangesthecompositionofrocks,oftentransformingthemwhenwaterinteractswithmineralstocreatevariouschemicalreactions.Chemicalweatheringisagradualandongoingprocessasthemineralogyoftherockadjuststothenearsurfaceenvironment.Neworsecondarymineralsdevelopfromtheoriginalmineralsoftherock.Inthistheprocessesofoxidationandhydrolysisaremostimportant.

Theprocessofmountainblockupliftisimportantinexposingnewrockstratatotheatmosphereandmoisture,enablingimportantchemicalweatheringtooccur;significantreleaseoccursofCa++andothermineralsintosurfacewaters.

Rainfallisacidicbecauseatmosphericcarbondioxidedissolvesintherainwaterproducingweakcarbonicacid.Inunpollutedenvironments,therainfallPHisaround5.6.Acidrainoccurswhengasessuchassulfurdioxideandnitrogenoxidesarepresentintheatmosphere.TheseoxidesreactintherainwatertoproducestrongeracidsandcanlowerthePHto4.5oreven3.0.Sulfurdioxide,SO2,comesfromvolcaniceruptionsorfromfossilfuels,canbecomesulfuricacidwithinrainwater,whichcancausesolutionweatheringtotherocksonwhichitfalls.

Someminerals,duetotheirnaturalsolubility（e.g.evaporites）,oxidationpotential（iron-richminerals,suchaspyrite）,orinstabilityrelativetosurficialconditions（seeGoldichdissolutionseries）willweatherthroughdissolutionnaturally,evenwithoutacidicwater.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutweathering?

2.Soiliscreatedby（）.

3.Inchemicalweathering,（）.

4.Rainwater（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingmightserveasanappropriatetitleforthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itiserosion"withnomovement"whenitiscausedbywater.

B.Thereexisttwoimportantclassificationsofweatheringprocesses.

C.ItoccursthroughcontactwiththeEarth'satmosphere,biotaandwaters.

D.Bothphysicalandchemicalweatheringinvolvethebreakdownofrocksandsoils.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.erosionandre-deposition

B.mineralsderivedfromrocks

C.organicmaterialleftoverbyweathering

D.thebreakdownofrockscombinedwithorganicmaterial

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.oxidationandhydrolysisaremostimportantprocesses

B.chemicalreactionshappenonlyinwater

C.chemicalreactionsoccurveryquickly

D.newrocksareformedfromreactions

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.containsweakacidwhenitisfoundinareasaffectedbyvolcaniceruptions

B.isacidicwhenitisfoundinpollutedenvironments

C.canlowerthePHofundergroundwater

D.cancausesolutionweatheringtorocks

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.RainwaterPollution

B.WeatheringofRock

C.TheCreationofFertileSoil

D.PhysicalandChemicalWeathering

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第一段第一句可知，風(fēng)化作用是指巖石、土壤、礦物以及人工材料通過(guò)與地球大氣、生物群和水的接觸而進(jìn)行分解，可判斷C選項(xiàng)表述正確。由原文第二段第二句可知，風(fēng)化發(fā)生在原地，或“發(fā)生時(shí)沒(méi)經(jīng)過(guò)運(yùn)動(dòng)”，因此不應(yīng)與侵蝕相混淆，后者涉及水、冰、雪、風(fēng)和重力等因素造成的巖石和礦物的運(yùn)動(dòng)，由此可以判斷A選項(xiàng)正確。由第二段第一句可知，存在兩種重要的風(fēng)化作用類(lèi)型——物理風(fēng)化和化學(xué)風(fēng)化，所以可判斷B選項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)原文第二段第二句可知，機(jī)械或物理風(fēng)化包括巖石和土壤通過(guò)直接接觸大氣條件而分解，如熱，水，冰和壓力。而化學(xué)風(fēng)化（也稱為生物風(fēng)化）主要涉及大氣化學(xué)物質(zhì)或生物產(chǎn)生的化學(xué)物質(zhì)對(duì)巖石、土壤和礦物的破壞的直接影響。由此可以判斷D選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息可定位到原文第三段第一句“Thematerialsleftoveraftertherockbreaksdowncombinedwithorganicmaterialcreatessoil”。由此可知，巖石分解后剩下的物質(zhì)與有機(jī)物質(zhì)結(jié)合形成了土壤。因此本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息“Chemicalweathering”定位到原文第四段。由原文信息可知，化學(xué)風(fēng)化改變了巖石的成分，當(dāng)水與礦物相互作用時(shí)，常常使巖石發(fā)生變化，產(chǎn)生各種化學(xué)反應(yīng)?；瘜W(xué)風(fēng)化是巖石礦物學(xué)逐漸適應(yīng)近地表環(huán)境的過(guò)程。新礦物或次生礦物由巖石的原始礦物發(fā)展而來(lái)。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，氧化和水解過(guò)程是最重要的。由此可判斷A選項(xiàng)表述正確?；瘜W(xué)反應(yīng)在水與礦物相互作用是發(fā)生的，并不是在水里，因此可判斷B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤?；瘜W(xué)風(fēng)化是逐漸發(fā)生的過(guò)程，因此可判斷C選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。而這些化學(xué)反應(yīng)的產(chǎn)物是新礦物或者次生礦物，并不是巖石，由此可判斷D選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。綜上所述，本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第六段第三句“TheseoxidesreactintherainwatertoproducestrongeracidsandcanlowerthePHto4.5oreven3.0.”可知，這些氧化物在雨水中發(fā)生反應(yīng)，產(chǎn)生更強(qiáng)的酸，可以將PH值降低到4.5甚至3.0。由此可知，雨水可以降低地下水的PH值。因此，本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

5.主旨大意題。這篇文章主要講述的是風(fēng)化作用的定義，分類(lèi)以及影響因素，都是圍繞風(fēng)化作用進(jìn)行的描述。因此B選項(xiàng)最適合作為文章的題目。

9.單選題

Thegoodnewsmadeheadlinesnationwide:Deathsfromseveralkindsofcancerhavedeclinedsignificantlyinrecentyears.Butthenewshastobebittersweetformanycancerpatientsandtheirfamilies.Everyyear,morethan500,000peopleintheUnitedStatesstilldieofcancer.Infact,morethanhalfofallpatientsdiagnosedwithcancerwilldieoftheirdiseasewithinafewyears.Andwhileitstruesurvivalislongertodaythaninthepast,thequalityoflifeforthesepatientsisoftengreatlydiminished.Cancer—andmanyofthetreatmentsusedtofightit—causespain,nausea,fatigue,andanxietythatroutinelygoundertreatedoruntreated.

Inthenation’ssingle-mindedfocusoncuringcancer,wehaveinadvertentlydevaluedthecriticalneedforpalliativecare,whichfocusesonalleviatingphysicalandpsychologicalsymptomsoverthecourseofthedisease.Nothingwouldhaveagreaterimpactonthedailylivesofcancerpatientsandtheirfamiliesthangoodsymptomcontrolandsupportivetherapy.YettheNationalCancerInstitute(NCI),thefederalgovernment’sleaderincancerresearchandtraining,spentlessthanonepercentofits1999budgetonanyaspectofresearchortraininginpalliativecare.

Thenationneedstogetseriousaboutreducingneedlesssuffering.NCIshouldcommittoandfundresearchaimedatimprovingsymptomcontrolandpalliativecare.NCIalsocoulddesignate“centersofexcellence”amongthecancercentersitrecognizes.Togetthatdesignation,centerswoulddeliverinnovative,top-qualitypalliativecaretoallsegmentsofthepopulationsthecentersserve;trainprofessionalsinmedicine,nursing,psychology,socialwork,andotherdisciplinestoprovidepalliativecare;andconductresearch.

Insurancecoverageforpalliativeandhospicecarealsocontributestotheproblembyforcingpeopletochoosebetweentreatmentorhospicecare.This“either/or”approachdoesnotreadilyallowthesetwotypesofessentialcaretobeintegrated.TheMedicarehospicebenefitisdesignedspecificallyforpeopleinthefinalstagesofillnessandallowsenrollmentonlyifpatientsareexpectedtosurvivesixmonthsorless.Thebenefitexcludespatientsfromseekingbothpalliativecareandpotentiallylife-extendingtreatment.

Thatmakeshospiceenrollmentanobviousdeterrentformanypatients.Andhospices,whichmayhavethemostskilledpractitionersandthemostexperienceinadministeringpalliativecare,cannotoffertheirservicestopeoplewhocouldreallybenefitbutstillarepursuingactivetreatment.

Itisinnatelyhumantocomfortandprovidecaretothosesufferingfromcancer,particularlythoseclosetodeath.Yetwhatseemsself-evidentatanindividual,personallevelhasnotguidedpolicyatthelevelofinstitutionsinthiscountry.Deathisinevitable,butseveresufferingisnot.Toofferhopeforalonglifeofthehighestpossiblequalityandtodeliverthebestqualitycancercarefromdiagnosestodeath,ourpublicinstitutionsneedtomovetowardpoliciesthatvalueandpromotepalliativecare.

16.Palliativecareisconcernedwithimprovingpatients’________.

17.Accordingtotheauthor,researchonpalliativecare________.

18.Themainproblemofinsurancecoverageforhospicecareandactivetreatmentisthat________.

19.Hospicesoffercancerpatients________.

20.Thistextismainlyabout________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.survivalrates

B.qualityoflife

C.lifespans

D.optionsforhealthinsuranceproviders

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ismoreimportantthanresearchforcancercures

B.hasbeenoverlookedbyresearchers

C.isvirtuallynon-existent

D.isregardedbyresearchersasafrivoloustopic

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itdoesnotallowpatientstoseekboth

B.itonlycoverspatientswhoselifeexpectancyislessthansixmonths

C.itdeprivespatientsoftherighttochoosebetweentwoproventreatmentmethods

D.hospicecareisonlycoveredwhenitmayextendapatient’slifeexpectancy

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.analternativetopalliativecare

B.comfortintheirearlystagesofillness

C.skilledandexperiencedpalliativecare

D.analternativetoactivetreatment

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.improvingcancerresearchintheU.S

B.reforminginsurancecoverageforcancerpatients

C.understandingdifferentoptionsforcancertreatmentandcare

D.reducingthesufferingofcancerpatients

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】16.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句palliativecare,whichfocusesonalleviatingphysicalandpsychologicalsymptomsoverthecourseofthedisease.（姑息治療的重點(diǎn)是在疾病過(guò)程中減輕身體和心理癥狀。）和第二句N(xiāo)othingwouldhaveagreaterimpactonthedailylivesofcancerpatientsandtheirfamiliesthangoodsymptomcontrolandsupportivetherapy.（沒(méi)有什么比平穩(wěn)控制癥狀和支持性治療對(duì)癌癥患者及其家人的日常生活影響更大的了。），可知姑息治療對(duì)日常生活影響最大，所以B選項(xiàng)“生活質(zhì)量”正確。A選項(xiàng)“存活率”，C選項(xiàng)“壽命”和D選項(xiàng)“健康保險(xiǎn)公司的選擇”不是姑息治療的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Inthenation’ssingle-mindedfocusoncuringcancer,wehaveinadvertentlydevaluedthecriticalneedforpalliativecare（在我國(guó)一心一意致力于治愈癌癥的同時(shí)，我們無(wú)意中低估了對(duì)姑息治療的迫切需要）和第三段第一句Thenationneedstogetseriousaboutreducingneedlesssuffering.（國(guó)家需要認(rèn)真對(duì)待減少不必要的痛苦。），可知在作者看來(lái)，姑息治療應(yīng)該更加被重視，所以B選項(xiàng)“被研究者忽視了”正確，沒(méi)有說(shuō)姑息治療比治療癌癥本身更重要，故A選項(xiàng)“比癌癥治療的研究更重要”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“幾乎不存在”：根據(jù)第二段最后一句YettheNationalCancerInstitute(NCI)…spentlessthanonepercentofits1999budgetonanyaspectofresearchortraininginpalliativecare.（然而，作為聯(lián)邦政府在癌癥研究和培訓(xùn)方面的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)，國(guó)家癌癥研究所在姑息治療的任何方面的研究或培訓(xùn)上的支出不到其1999年預(yù)算的1%。），可知有這方面的研究，只是很少，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“研究者認(rèn)為這個(gè)主題很無(wú)聊”：文章沒(méi)有提及，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Insurancecoverageforpalliativeandhospicecarealsocontributestotheproblembyforcingpeopletochoosebetweentreatmentorhospicecare.（姑息治療和臨終關(guān)懷的保險(xiǎn)范圍也導(dǎo)致了這個(gè)問(wèn)題，因?yàn)樗仁谷藗冊(cè)谥委熀团R終關(guān)懷之間做出選擇。），可知醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)讓人只能在姑息治療和臨終關(guān)懷選擇其一，所以A選項(xiàng)“不允許病人同時(shí)尋求兩者”正確，但還是可以選擇，故C選項(xiàng)“剝奪了患者在兩種已被證實(shí)的治療方法之間選擇的權(quán)利”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“只覆蓋預(yù)期壽命少于6個(gè)月的患者”和D選項(xiàng)“只有當(dāng)臨終關(guān)懷可以延長(zhǎng)病人的預(yù)期壽命時(shí)，它才包括在內(nèi)”：根據(jù)第四段第三、四句TheMedicarehospicebenefitisdesignedspecificallyforpeopleinthefinalstagesofillnessandallowsenrollmentonlyifpatientsareexpectedtosurvivesixmonthsorless.Thebenefitexcludespatientsfromseekingbothpalliativecareandpotentiallylife-extendingtreatment.（醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)臨終關(guān)懷福利是專(zhuān)門(mén)為處于疾病最后階段的人設(shè)計(jì)的，只有在患者預(yù)計(jì)存活時(shí)間為6個(gè)月或更短的情況下才允許登記。這種好處使患者既不尋求姑息治療，也不尋求可能延長(zhǎng)生命的治療。），這里說(shuō)的是臨終關(guān)懷的使用情況，即患者預(yù)計(jì)存活時(shí)間為6個(gè)月或更短的時(shí)候采用臨終關(guān)懷，這時(shí)不以延長(zhǎng)壽命為目的，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

19.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句Andhospices,whichmayhavethemostskilledpractitionersandthemostexperienceinadministeringpalliativecare（臨終關(guān)懷院或許有對(duì)臨終關(guān)懷最有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的醫(yī)生和姑息治療經(jīng)驗(yàn)），可知臨終關(guān)懷院提供給患者C選項(xiàng)“熟練和經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的姑息治療”，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“疾病早期階段的舒適”：根據(jù)第四段第三句TheMedicarehospicebenefitisdesignedspecificallyforpeopleinthefinalstagesofillness（醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)臨終關(guān)懷福利是專(zhuān)門(mén)為處于疾病最后階段的人設(shè)計(jì)的），可知臨終關(guān)懷不針對(duì)疾病早期，故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“姑息治療的替代方案”，和D選項(xiàng)“積極治療的替代方案”：文章沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

20.主旨大意題。文章第一段引入治療癌癥的副作用沒(méi)有得到充分治療，第二、三段呼吁國(guó)家對(duì)此采取措施，第四、五段提到臨終關(guān)懷對(duì)減輕患者痛苦的保險(xiǎn)情況，最后一段總結(jié)全文強(qiáng)調(diào)推動(dòng)姑息治療，全文都在圍繞減輕患者痛苦的醫(yī)療方法，所以D選項(xiàng)“減少癌癥患者的痛苦”正確。A選項(xiàng)“改善美國(guó)的癌癥研究”，B選項(xiàng)“改革癌癥患者的保險(xiǎn)范圍”和C選項(xiàng)“了解癌癥治療和護(hù)理的不同選擇”是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Itriedphoningheroffice,butIcouldn’t（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.getalong

B.geton

C.getto

D.getthrough

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)getalong“進(jìn)展，相處”；B選項(xiàng)geton“上車(chē)，進(jìn)展”；C選項(xiàng)getto“到達(dá)，開(kāi)始，接觸到”；D選項(xiàng)getthrough“通過(guò)，接通電話，度過(guò)”。句意：我試圖打電話到她辦公室，但我沒(méi)有打通。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.單選題

Visitorstotheparkhaveoftenlookedupintotheleafycanopyand（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sawmonkeyssleepingonthebranches,whosearmsandlegshang

B.sawmonkeyssleepingonthebranches,whosearmsandlegswerehanging

C.sawmonkeyssleepingonthebranches,witharmsandlegshanging

D.seenmonkeyssleepingonthebranches,witharmsandlegshanging

【答案】D

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。由and表并列關(guān)系可知，and后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)與前面的保持一致，see的過(guò)去分詞為seen。故D項(xiàng)正確。句意：公園的游客經(jīng)常抬頭看著綠樹(shù)成蔭的樹(shù)冠，看到猴子睡在樹(shù)枝上，手臂和腿都懸掛著。

12.翻譯題

中國(guó)是世界文明的發(fā)源地之一，有五千年的文明史。在中國(guó)古代思想史上，涌現(xiàn)出了許許多多杰出的思想家，為中華民族乃至整個(gè)人類(lèi)留下了豐富的思想遺產(chǎn)。這些思想成果獨(dú)樹(shù)一幟，在漫長(zhǎng)的歷史中又不斷地被闡釋、被發(fā)展，很多思想對(duì)于今天的中國(guó)乃至世界而言，仍然歷久彌新，極具生命力。比如，儒家學(xué)派創(chuàng)始人孔子“仁”的理念、“和”的思想，不僅在當(dāng)代中國(guó)，在其他亞洲國(guó)家也一直備受推崇。

【答案】Chinaisoneofthebirthplacesoftheworldcivilizationwhichhasa5,000-yearhistory.TherearemanyoutstandingideologistsinChineseancientthoughthistorythatleftarichideologicalheritageforourChinaandeventhewholemankind.Theideologicalachievementswereveryuniqueandconstantlyexplainedanddevelopedinthelonghistory.Today,someofthesethoughtsarestilllivelyandfullofvitalityfortoday’sChinaandthewholeworld.Forexample,theidealof“benevolence”andthe“harmony”thoughtofConfuciuswhoistheoriginatorofConfucianschoolhavebeenpraisedhighlybyChinaandotherAsiancountriesatpresent.

13.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Whydoyoulistentomusic?Ifyoushouldputthisquestiontoanumberofpeople,youmightreceiveanswerslikethese:“Ilikethebeatofmusic”,“Ilookforattractivetunefulness”,“Iammovedbythesoundofchoralsinging”,“IlistentomusicformanyreasonsbutIcouldnotbegintodescribethemtoyouclearly”.Answerstothisquestionwouldbemanyanddiverse,yetalmostnoonewouldreply“Musicmeansnothingtome.”Tomostofus,musicmeanssomething;itevokessomeresponse.Weobtainsomesatisfactioninlisteningtomusic.

Formany,theenjoymentofmusicdoesnotremainatastandstill.Wefeelthatwecangetmoresatisfactionfromthemusicalexperience.Wewanttomakeclosercontactmusicinordertolearnmoreofitsnature;thuswecanrangemorebroadlyandfreelyintheareaofmusicalstyle,form,andexpression.Thisbookexploreswaysofachievingtheseobjectives.Itdeals,ofcourse,withthetechniquesofmusic,butonlyinordertoshowhowtechniqueisdirectedtowardexpressiveaimsinmusicandtowardthelistener’smusicalexperience.Inthisway,wemaygetanideaofthecomposer’sintentions,forindeed,thecomposeruseseverymusicaldeviceforitspowertocommunicateandforitscontributiontothemusicalexperience.

Althougheveryonehearsmusicdifferently,thereisacommongroundfromwhichallmusicalexperiencesgrow.Thatsourceissounditself.Soundistherawmaterialofmusic.Itmakesupthebodyandsubstanceofallmusicalactivity.Itisthepointofdepartureinthemusicalexperience.

Thekindsofsoundthatcanbeusedformusicalpurposesareamazinglyvaried.Throughouttheculturesoftheworld,EastandWest;avirtuallylimitlessarrayofsoundshasbeenemployedintheserviceofmusicalexpression.ListentoOrientaltheatremusic,thentoanexcerptfromaWa