考研考博-英語-常德職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-常德職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

The（）stuckontheenvelopesays“ByAir”.

問題1選項

A.diagram

B.label

C.signal

D.mark

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項diagram“圖表；圖解”；B選項label“標簽；商標”；C選項signal“信號；暗號；導火線”；D選項mark“標志；馬克；符號”。句意：信封上粘貼的標簽說是“航空郵件”。信封上粘貼的應(yīng)該是標簽，故選B。

2.單選題

ThenewdocumentaryBullyispowerfulstuff.Trytogetthroughevenjusttheopeningsequencewithouttearingup.Hopefullyitwillwakeupparents,teachers,andschooladministrators.Butlet’salsohopetheyrespondthoughtfullytothisburningfilm,becausetooofteninourrushtoaddressaproblem,Americaneducatorsandpoliticianshaveawell-intentionedoverreactionthatminimizescommonsenseinfavorofblanketsolutions.

ManyschoolsintheUnitedStatesaregenuinelytryingtocurbchild-on-childabuseand,atlonglast,arepayingmoreattentiontothecruel,unpleasantremarks.Butatthesametime,wehavetorememberthatnoteveryunpleasant,orevenadverse,interactionbetweenstudentsconstitutesbullying.Insomeplaces,anti-bullyingpoliciesarenowsoexpansivethattheymakeeye-rollingapunishableoffense,lumpingitinwithotherformsofverbalandphysicalassault.Doingsonotonlytakesaseriousissuetotherealmoftheabsurd,italsodilutestheimportanceofanti-bullyingeffortsingeneral.Ifeverythingisbullying,thennothingis.

Somekidshavealreadyfiguredouthowtoturnthenewsystemonitshead.Insomeschools’zealtoaddressbullying,everyclaimisimmediatelyelevatedbeyondtheclassroomteachertoameetingwiththeprincipal.AparentinCaliforniasaidthatlastmonththatanelementary-schoolbullybeganthreateningtoreporthervictimsasbulliessotheywouldhavetosufferthroughsuchameeting—andineffectcreatingabullyinghallofmirrors.

We’vebeenherebefore.Weaponsanddrugsinschoolsareaseriousproblem,too.Inresponse,schooldistricts,states,andthefederalgovernmentbegantofavorzero-tolerancepolicies.Inshortorder,“zero-tolerance”policiesbecamethejokingpointforlate-nightcomicsaskidsweresuspendedforbringingtoschoolaspirin,acnemedicine,oraG.I.Joedollwithasmallplasticgun.

Theobviouslessonthereandwithbullyingisthatthereisnosubstitutefordiscretionandjudgmentbytheadultsincharge.Insomecircumstances,eye-rollingcouldbeabusivebehaviorjustasaspirincanbeusedorabused.Butadultsshouldn’tgiveupthehardroleofmakingnuancedjudgmentcallsbycreatingridiculouslyrigiddisciplinecodes.Replacingthoughtlessinactionwiththoughtlessactionwon’tsolvetheproblem.

1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpeople’sreactiontobullying?

2.Whatisthestrategyofthekidsindealingwithanti-bullyingpolicies?

3.The“zero-tolerance”policiestowardsdrugsandweaponsendedupbeing（）.

4.Theword“there”inthefirstlineofthelastparagraphrefersto（）.

問題1選項

A.Theywakeupthoughtfully.

B.Theydemonstratelittlecommonsense.

C.Theyattachimportancetothefilm.

D.Theygotoofar.

問題2選項

A.Toassaulttheprincipalatthemeeting.

B.Toturntheclassroomintoawallofmirrors.

C.Topayattentiontokids’verbalremarks.

D.Torenderthemineffectivebyabusingbullying.

問題3選項

A.elevated

B.suspended

C.ridiculed

D.condemned

問題4選項

A.witheye-rollingandpunishableoffenses

B.withverbalandphysicalassault

C.withaspirinandacnemedicine

D.withdrugsandweapons

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段最后一句“...Americaneducatorsandpoliticianshaveawell-intentionedoverreactionthatminimizescommonsenseinfavorofblanketsolutions.”因為在我們急于解決問題的過程中,美國教育家和政客往往出于善意,反應(yīng)過度,而忽略了有利于全面解決方案的常識。所以選項D（他們反應(yīng)過度）符合原文。選項B是選項D產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,所以選項D更恰當。

2.根據(jù)第三段第一句“Somekidshavealreadyfiguredouthowtoturnthenewsystemonitshead.”有些孩子已經(jīng)想出辦法如何顛覆這個新系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)本段的例子也可以看出,孩子們恃強凌弱使得系統(tǒng)失去效率。選項D符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第四段最后一句““zero-tolerance”policiesbecamethejokingpoint.”零容忍政策成為了一個笑柄。選項C與原文意思相近。

4.根據(jù)原文可知,前面兩段分別講了校園欺凌和毒品武器的問題,最后一段總結(jié)這兩種事件給人們帶來的經(jīng)驗教訓。所以there指的是持有毒品和武器,選項D符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

3.單選題

ThetwomostobviouschangesinAmericaneconomyaretheemergenceofahighlysophisticatedtechnologyandtheriseofgiantcorporations.Inaddition,marketforceshavelostsomeoftheirsignificanceasplanninghasbecomemoreimportant.Thegovernmenthasassumedagreatlychangedroleintheeconomy.Propertyrelationshipsanddecision-makingpowerhaveshifted.Thedemandforhighlyeducatedspecialistshasincreasedenormously.

WemaythinkoftheAmericaneconomy,asconsistingoftwocompletelydifferentsectors.Theworldofthegiantcorporations,whichcanbecalledthe“industrialsystem”,consistsof500or600firmsthatprovide“nearlyallcommunications,nearlyallproductionanddistributionofelectricpower,muchtransportation,mostmanufacturingandmining,asubstantialshareofretailtrade,andaconsiderableamountofentertainment”.Outsideofthisindustrialsystemfallmostagriculturalenterprises,someminingandtrucking,professionalandartisticpursuits,someretailtrade,andmostpersonalanddomesticservices.

Theclassicaleconomiclawsofsupplyanddemandstillapplytosomedegree.Buttodaytheindustrialsectorischaracterizedfarmorebyplanningandcertaintythanbythefreeplayofmarketforces.Itappearsthatitcouldscarcelybeotherwise.Inlargecorporationswithadvancedtechnologicalsystemsandcomplexorganizationsofhighlytrainedspecialists,plansforproducinganyoneitemaremadewellinadvance.Suchplans,oncemade,arehardtochange.Becauselong-termplanningdemandscertainty,marketforcesareavoidedbyvariousmeans.Forexample,thecorporationmayachieve“verticalintegration”bybuyingcompaniesthatsupplyrawmaterialsatoneendoftheprocessanddistributionoutletsattheother.Corporationsmayagreeon“justprices”forthingstheybuyandsell.Theymayentermutuallyadvantageouslong-termcontractswithsuppliersandcustomers.Moreover,intheirquestforcertaintytheygenerallyhavethesupportofthestate.

1.TheAmericangiantcorporationspossesssomanynewcharacteristicsthat______.

2.Bythesecondparagraph,weknowthat______.

3.Fromthewholepassage,wecaninferthatAmericaneconomy______.

4.Inthethirdsentenceoflastparagraph,thesecond“it”mayreferto______.

5.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.highlyeducatedmanagersareimportantforthecorporations

B.giantcorporationsbecomedecentralized

C.economiclawsofthemarketareeffectiveinsidecorporations

D.headsofthegiantcorporationstrytocontrolthegovernment

問題2選項

A.retailtradeaccountsforabigpartinnon-industrialsystem

B.therearemoregiantcorporationsthanagriculturalenterprises

C.giantcorporationscontroleverypartofAmericaneconomy

D.giantcorporationsprovidemostofproductionsandservices

問題3選項

A.isexperiencingtheriseofgiantcorporations

B.isdeterminedbyhundredsofgiantcorporations

C.hasfailedtobalancesupplyanddemand

D.becomeshighly-plannedone

問題4選項

A.classiceconomiclawofsupplyanddemand

B.industrialsector

C.Americaneconomy

D.marketforce

問題5選項

A.Americaneconomyischaracterizedbyhightechnologyandgiantcorporations.

B.Americaneconomyconsistsofindustrialsystemsandagriculturalenterprises.

C.Marketeconomyisgraduallyreplacedbyplannedeconomy.

D.Highlytrainedspecialistsareneeded.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Thedemandforhighlyeducatedspecialistshasincreasedenormously.（對受過高等教育的專家的需求大大增加了。），說明美國巨型公司的新特點導致了對受過高等教育的專家需求增加。因此A選項“受過高等教育的管理者對公司很重要”正確。B選項“巨型企業(yè)變得分權(quán)化”，C選項“市場的經(jīng)濟規(guī)律在企業(yè)內(nèi)部是有效的”，D選項“巨型企業(yè)的負責人試圖控制政府”在文中均沒有提及，所以B,C,D錯誤。

2.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第二句Theworldofthegiantcorporations,whichcanbecalledthe“industrialsystem”,consistsof500or600firmsthatprovide“nearlyallcommunications,nearlyallproductionanddistributionofelectricpower,muchtransportation,mostmanufacturingandmining,asubstantialshareofretailtrade,andaconsiderableamountofentertainment”.（巨型企業(yè)的世界，可以稱為“工業(yè)系統(tǒng)”，包括500到600家提供“幾乎所有通信，幾乎所有的生產(chǎn)和分配電力，交通，大多數(shù)的制造業(yè)和采礦業(yè)，零售貿(mào)易的很大一部分，和大量的娛樂”的公司。），說明大部分的生產(chǎn)和服務(wù)是由巨型企業(yè)提供的。因此D選項“巨型企業(yè)提供了大部分的生產(chǎn)和服務(wù)”正確。A選項“零售業(yè)在非工業(yè)體系中占了很大比重”，由原文可知，零售貿(mào)易占了工業(yè)系統(tǒng)的很大一部分，所以A錯誤。B選項“巨型企業(yè)比農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)多”，原文沒有比較兩者數(shù)量的多少，所以B錯誤。C選項“巨型企業(yè)控制著美國經(jīng)濟的各個部分”，美國經(jīng)濟除了巨型企業(yè)還有非工業(yè)系統(tǒng)部分，所以C錯誤。

3.推理判斷題。文章第一段說到美國經(jīng)濟的變化之一是巨型企業(yè)的崛起，接著第二段介紹了巨型企業(yè)提供的生產(chǎn)和服務(wù)，最后第三段說到巨型企業(yè)的計劃性和確定性，可以推斷出美國經(jīng)濟是由巨型公司決定的。因此B選項“由數(shù)以百計的巨型公司決定”正確。A選項“正經(jīng)歷著巨頭企業(yè)的崛起”，由原文可知，巨型企業(yè)已經(jīng)崛起了，所以A錯誤。C選項“未能平衡供應(yīng)和需求”，D選項“成為高度計劃化的經(jīng)濟”在文中沒有提及，所以C,D錯誤。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第三句Itappearsthatitcouldscarcelybeotherwise.（看來不可能有別的情況了。），由上下文可知，此處說的是美國經(jīng)濟中的計劃性。因此C選項“美國經(jīng)濟”正確。A選項“經(jīng)典的供給和需求的經(jīng)濟規(guī)律”，B選項“工業(yè)部門”，D選項“市場力量”均不符合題意，所以A,B,D錯誤。

5.客觀細節(jié)題。A選項“美國經(jīng)濟的特點是高科技和巨型企業(yè)”，由原文ThetwomostobviouschangesinAmericaneconomyaretheemergenceofahighlysophisticatedtechnologyandtheriseofgiantcorporations.（美國經(jīng)濟最明顯的兩個變化是高度復雜技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)和大型企業(yè)的崛起。）可知A在文中出現(xiàn)，排除A。B選項“美國經(jīng)濟由工業(yè)體系和農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)組成”，由原文WemaythinkoftheAmericaneconomy,asconsistingoftwocompletelydifferentsectors.Theworldofthegiantcorporations…Outsideofthisindustrialsystemfallmostagriculturalenterprises（我們可以把美國經(jīng)濟看作是由兩個完全不同的部門組成的。巨型企業(yè)的世界……在這個工業(yè)系統(tǒng)之外的是大多數(shù)農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)）可知B在文中出現(xiàn)，排除B。D選項“需要高度訓練有素的專家”，由原文Thedemandforhighlyeducatedspecialistshasincreasedenormously.（對受過高等教育的專家的需求大大增加了。）可知D在文中出現(xiàn)，排除D。C選項“市場經(jīng)濟逐漸被計劃經(jīng)濟所取代”，原文只說了美國經(jīng)濟中存在計劃性，且十分重要，沒有說計劃經(jīng)濟取代了市場經(jīng)濟，因此本題選C。

4.單選題

Themostinterestingarchitecturalphenomenonofthe1970swastheenthusiasmforrefurbishingoldbuildings.Obviously,thiswasnotanentirelynewphenomenon.Whatisnewisthewholesaleinterestinreusingthepast,inrecyclinginadaptiverehabilitation.Afewtrialefforts,suchasGhirardellisquareinSanFrancisco,provedtheirfinancialviabilityin1960s,butitwasinthe1970s,withstronggovernmentsupportthroughtaxincentivesandrapiddepreciation.Aswellasgrowinginterestinecologyissues,thatrecyclingbecameamajorfactorontheurbanscene.

OneofthemostcomprehensiveventureswastherestorationandtransformationofBoston’seighteenthcenturyFaneuilHallandtheQuincyMarket,designedin1824.Thissectionhadfallenonhardtimes,butbeginningwiththeconstructionofanewcityhallimmediatelyadjacent,ithasreturnedtolifewiththeintelligentreuseofthesefineoldbuildingsunderthedesignleadershipofBenjaminThomson.Hehasprovidedamarveloussettingfordining,shopping,professionaloffices,andsimplywalking.

ButlerSquare,inMinneapolis,exemplifiesmajorchangesinitscomplexofoffices,commercialspace,andpublicamenitiescarvedoutofamassivepiledesignedin1906asahardwarewarehouse.Theexcitinginteriortimberstructureofthebuildingwashighlightedbycuttinglightcourtsthroughtheinteriorandaddinglargeskylights.

SanAntonio,Texas,offersanobjectlessonfornumerousothercitiescombatingurbandecay.Ratherthanbringinginthebulldozers,SanAntonio’sleadersrehabilitatedexistingstructures,whilesimultaneouslycleaninguptheSanAntonioRiver,whichmendersthroughthebusinessdistrict.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

2.WhatisthespaceatQuincyMarketnowusedfor?

3.Accordingtothepassage,BenjaminThomsonwasthedesignerforaprojectin______.

4.WhenwastheButlerSquarebuildingoriginallybuilt?

5.Whatistheauthor’sopinionoftheSanAntonioproject?

問題1選項

A.Duringthe1970s,oldbuildingsinmanycitieswererecycledformodernuse.

B.Recentinterestinecologyissueshasledtothecleaningupofmanyrivers.

C.TheSanAntonioexampleshowsthatbulldozersarenotthewaytofighturbandecay.

D.StronggovernmentsupporthasmadeadaptiverehabilitationarealityinBoston.

問題2選項

A.Boston’snewcityhall.

B.Sportsandrecreationalfacilities.

C.Commercialandindustrialwarehouses.

D.Restaurant,offices,andstores.

問題3選項

A.SanFrancisco

B.Boston

C.Minneapolis

D.SanAntonio

問題4選項

A.Intheeighteenthcentury.

B.Intheearlynineteenthcentury.

C.Inthelatenineteenthcentury.

D.Intheearlytwentiethcentury.

問題5選項

A.Itisclearlythebestoftheprojectsdiscussed.

B.Itisagoodprojectthatcouldbecopiedinothercities.

C.Theextensiveuseofbulldozersmadetheprojectunnecessarilycostly.

D.Theworkdoneontheriverwasmoreimportantthantheworkdoneonthebuildings.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開頭提出了翻新舊建筑的現(xiàn)象，接著舉了舊金山、波士頓、明尼阿波利斯市和圣安東尼奧市的例子，最后得出結(jié)論Ratherthanbringinginthebulldozers,SanAntonio’sleadersrehabilitatedexistingstructures（圣安東尼奧的領(lǐng)導人并沒有動用推土機，而是修復了現(xiàn)有的建筑）。因此C選項“圣安東尼奧的例子表明，推土機不是解決城市廢棄建筑的方法”正確。A選項“在20世紀70年代，許多城市的舊建筑被回收用于現(xiàn)代用途”只是文章中提到的一個現(xiàn)象，不能作為文章主題，所以A錯誤。B選項“最近對生態(tài)問題的關(guān)注導致了許多河流的清理”，這是修復工作的細節(jié)之一，不能概括文章主旨，所以B錯誤。D選項“政府的大力支持使適應(yīng)性修復在波士頓成為現(xiàn)實”只是波士頓修復工作的細節(jié)之一，不能作為文章主題，所以D錯誤。

2.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Hehasprovidedamarveloussettingfordining,shopping,professionaloffices,andsimplywalking.（他為就餐、購物、專業(yè)辦公室和步行提供了一個極好的環(huán)境。），說明昆西市場現(xiàn)在被用作餐廳、辦公室和商店。因此D選項“餐廳、辦公室和商店”正確。A選項“波士頓的新市政廳”，B選項“體育和娛樂設(shè)施”，C選項“商業(yè)和工業(yè)倉庫”均不符合文章內(nèi)容，所以A,B,C錯誤。

3.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句OneofthemostcomprehensiveventureswastherestorationandtransformationofBoston’seighteenthcenturyFaneuilHallandtheQuincyMarket,designedin1824…ithasreturnedtolifewiththeintelligentreuseofthesefineoldbuildingsunderthedesignleadershipofBenjaminThomson.（其中最全面的項目之一是1824年設(shè)計的波士頓18世紀法尼爾大廳和昆西市場的修復和改造……在本杰明?湯姆森的設(shè)計領(lǐng)導下，這些優(yōu)秀的老建筑通過智能再利用而恢復了生機。），說明本杰明?湯姆森設(shè)計的項目位于波士頓。因此B選項“波士頓”正確。A選項“舊金山”，C選項“明尼阿波利斯”，D選項“圣安東尼奧”均不符合文章內(nèi)容，所以A,C,D錯誤。

4.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一句ButlerSquare,inMinneapolis,exemplifiesmajorchangesinitscomplexofoffices,commercialspace,andpublicamenitiescarvedoutofamassivepiledesignedin1906asahardwarewarehouse.（明尼阿波利斯市的巴特勒廣場體現(xiàn)了其復雜的辦公空間、商業(yè)空間和公共設(shè)施的重大變化，它是在1906年設(shè)計成一個硬件倉庫的一大堆建筑中改造出來的。），說明巴特勒廣場的建筑最初是在1906年設(shè)計的，1906年是在20世紀初期。因此D選項“二十世紀初”正確。A選項“十八世紀”，B選項“十九世紀初”，C選項“十九世紀末”均不符合文章內(nèi)容，所以A,B,C錯誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句SanAntonio,Texas,offersanobjectlessonfornumerousothercitiescombatingurbandecay.（德克薩斯州圣安東尼奧市為許多其他城市與城市廢棄建筑作斗爭提供了實物教訓。），說明圣安東尼奧市項目可以作為典范為其他城市所效仿。因此B選項“這是一個可以在其他城市復制的好項目”正確。A選項“它顯然是所討論的項目中最好的一個”，C選項“推土機的大量使用使得這項工程成本很高”，D選項“在河流上所做的工作比在建筑物上所做的工作更重要”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,C,D錯誤。

5.單選題

Thearchitectmustrespondtotheculturalconcernsofsociety______andpayattentiontothefunctionalandaestheticaspectofthebuildings.

問題1選項

A.atlarge

B.atheart

C.atmost

D.atbest

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項atlarge“詳盡的，未被捕的，整體的，普遍的”，B項atheart“本質(zhì)上，內(nèi)心里”，C項atmost“至多”，D項atbest“最多”。根據(jù)Thearchitectmustrespondtotheculturalconcernsofsociety______“建筑師必須回應(yīng)社會……關(guān)注的文化問題”可知，“普遍的”符合語境。句意：建筑師必須回應(yīng)社會普遍關(guān)注的文化問題，并關(guān)注建筑的功能和美學方面。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

6.單選題

Itisnaturalformeto（）onhismotivesforthevisitsforwehavenotbeenonspeakingtermsformanyyears.

問題1選項

A.reflect

B.suppose

C.speculate

D.mediate

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A:reflecton“仔細想；回憶；反省”；B:supposeon“猜測；考慮”；C:speculateon“推測；猜想；推斷”；D:mediateon“沉思；打算”。句意：我很自然地猜測到他訪問的動機，因為我們多年來一直沒有談過話。結(jié)合語境，此處表示猜測，故C為正確答案。

7.單選題

Formulatedin1823,theMonroeDoctrine（）thattheAmericanswerenolongeropentoEuropeancolonization.

問題1選項

A.entrusted

B.asserted

C.appreciated

D.reckoned

【答案】B

【解析】entrust委托；assert主張，聲稱；appreciate欣賞，感激，領(lǐng)會；reckon測算，估計，認為。句意：制定于1823年的門羅主義宣稱美國人不再對歐洲殖民開放。選項B符合句意。

8.單選題

Becausetheselinesaretakenoutof（）,theydonotconveythemessagetheauthorintended.

問題1選項

A.content

B.contact

C.context

D.contract

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項content“內(nèi)容；目錄”；B選項contact“接觸；聯(lián)系”；C選項context“環(huán)境；上下文”；D選項contract“合同；契約”。Because引導原因狀語從句，由主句theydonotconveythemessagetheauthorintended.“它們無法傳達作者想表達的含義，可知單看一個句子是無法了解到作者想要表達的含義的，需要結(jié)合文章的上下文，才能夠理清思路。句意：由于脫離了……，這些文字無法傳達作者想表達的含義。因此C選項符合題意。

9.單選題

Inanagewithoutradioorrecordings,anage（

）byprint,fictiongaineditsgreatestascendancy.

問題1選項

A.decimated

B.dominated

C.denigrated

D.emphasized

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。decimate“大批殺害”；dominate“支配；占優(yōu)勢”；denigrate“詆毀；玷污”；emphasize“強調(diào)”。在一個沒有收音機或唱片的受印刷品支配的時代，小說有最大優(yōu)勢。由withoutradioorrecordings與print可知“支配”符合語境，故B項正確。

10.單選題

InNorthAmerica,thefirstcanoeswereconstructedfromlogsand（）bymeansofwoodenpaddles.

問題1選項

A.docked

B.propelled

C.choked

D.perceived

【答案】B

【解析】dock使靠碼頭；propel推進,驅(qū)使；choke阻塞,抑制；perceive覺察,感知。句意：在北美,最早的獨木舟是用原木建造的,并由木槳推動前行。選項B符合語境。

11.單選題

Thesuggestionthatthemayor______theprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.

問題1選項

A.presents

B.oughttopresent

C.wouldpresent

D.present

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：大家接受了由市長頒獎的建議。一堅持(insist)、二命令(order,command)、三建議(advise,suggest,propose)、四要求(demand,require,request,desire)后面可以跟賓語從句，從句用虛擬語氣，即其謂語部分用should+動詞原形，其中should可省略。這里suggest跟賓語從句，用虛擬語氣，D選項“present”符合題意。A選項presents，B選項oughttopresent和C選項wouldpresent用法錯誤。因此D選項正確。

12.單選題

Doesusingawordprocessoraffectawriter’sstyle?Themediumusuallydoesdosomethingtothemessageafterall,evenifMarshallMcLuhan’sclaimthatthemediumsimplyisthemessagehasbeenheardandlargelyforgottennow.Thequestionmatters.RayHammond,inhisexcellentguideTheWriterandtheWordProcessor,predictsthatoverhalftheprofessionalwritersinBritainandtheUSAwillbeusingwordprocessorsbytheendof1985.Thebest-knownrecruitisLenDeighton,fromaslongagoas1968,thoughmostusershaveonlystartedsincethemicrocomputerboombeganin1980.

Ironicallywordprocessingisinsomewayspsychologicallymorelikewritinginroughthantyping,sinceitrestoresfluidityandprovisionallytothetext.Thetypist’sdreadofhavingtogetoutthetippex,thescissorsandpaste,orofredoingthewholethingifhehasanysubstantialsecondthoughts,canmakehimconsistentlychoosethesaferoptioninhissentences,orletsomethingstandwhichheknowstobeunsatisfactoryorincomplete,outofweariness.Inwordprocessingthetextisloosenedupwhilststillretainingtheadvantageoflookingformallyfinished.

Thishas,Ithink,twoapparentlycontradictoryeffects.Theinitialwritingcanbecomeexcessivelysloppyandcareless,intheexpectationthatitwillbecorrectedlater.Thatcrucialfirstinspirationisnevereasytorecapture,though,andtherefore,ontheotherhand,thewritingcanbecomeover-deliberated,lackinginflowandspontaneity,sincerevisionbecomesalargepartofcomposition.However,thesearefaultseasiertodetectinothersthaninoneself.MyownexperienceofthesheerdifficultyofcommittinganywordsatalltothepagemeansI’mgratefulforallthehelpIcanget.

Formostwriters,wordprocessingquiterapidlycomestofeelliketheidealmethod(andcanalwaysbeasecondstepafterdraftingonpaperifyouprefer).MostofthewritersinterviewedbyHammondsayithasimprovedtheirstyle,(“immensely”，saysDeighton).Seeingyourownwordonascreenhelpsyoutofeelcoolanddetachedaboutthem.

Thusitisnotjustbyfreeingyoufromthelaborofmechanicalretypingthatawordprocessorcanhelpyoutowrite.Oneauthor(TerenceFeely)claimsithasincreasedhisoutputby400%.Possiblythefeelingofhavingareactivemachine,whichappearstodothings,ratherthanjusthavethingsdonewithit,accountsforthis—yourslaveworkshardandsodoyou.

Aretherenodrawbacks?Itcostsalotandtakestimetolearn—“expecttoloseweeksofwork”，saysHammond,thoughdaysmightbenearerthemark.Notoriouslyitispossibletoloseworkaltogetheronawordprocessor,andthishappenstoeverybodyatleastonce.Theawarenessthatwhatyouhavewrittennolongerexistsanywhereatall,isunbelievablyenragingandbaffling.

Willwordprocessinggenerallyraisethelevelofprofessionalwritingthen?Doesitmakewritersbetteraswellasmoreproductive?Thoughallusersinsistithasdonesoforthemindividually,thisishardtobelieve.Butreliancehappensfast.

1.WhatappearstobechangingrapidlyinBritainandtheUSA?

2.Typingamanuscriptintheconventionalmannermaymakeawriter（

）.

3.Oneeffectofusingawordprocessormaybethattheongoingrevisionofatext

（

）.

4.Itisclaimedherethatwordprocessorscreate

（

）.

5.Asfaraslearningtouseawordprocessorisconcerned,theauthorofthepassagefeelsthatHammond（

）.

問題1選項

A.Thestylewritersareemploying.

B.Thewaynewwritersarebeingrecruited.

C.Themediumauthorsareusing.

D.Themessageauthorsareputtingforward.

問題2選項

A.havealotofsecondthoughts

B.becomeovercriticalofhisorherwork

C.makemoremistakes

D.takefewrisks

問題3選項

A.isdonewithtoolittleattention

B.producesasloppyeffect

C.failstoproduceafluentstyle

D.doesnotencourageonetopickupmistakes

問題4選項

A.afeelingofdistancebetweenawriterandhisorherwork

B.theillusionthatyouaretheservantofthemachine

C.asensationofpower

D.areluctanceintheauthortoexpresshimselforherself

問題5選項

A.isunderstatingtheproblem

B.exaggeratesonedrawback

C.istooskepticalabouttheadvantage

D.overestimatesthedangeroflosingtext

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的RayHammond,inhisexcellentguideTheWriterandtheWordProcessor,predictsthatoverhalftheprofessionalwritersinBritainandtheUSAwillbeusingwordprocessorsbytheendof1985.（RayHammond在他的優(yōu)秀指南《作家和文字處理者》中預測，到1985年底，英國和美國超過一半的專業(yè)作家將使用文字處理器）可知C選項“作家使用的工具”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞typing定位到文章第二段中，由Thetypist’sdreadofhavingtogetoutthetippex,thescissorsandpaste,orofredoingthewholethingifhehasanysubstantialsecondthoughts,canmakehimconsistentlychoosethesaferoptioninhissentences（打字最害怕的是要涂改、刪減和增加，或者如果他有任何實質(zhì)性的想法，就會重新做整件事，這會使作者始終選擇更安全的句子表達）可知用傳統(tǒng)的方式打字會使作者不愿冒險大膽寫作而選擇安全的表達，因此D選項“不冒風險”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞revisionofatext定位到文章第三段中，由Thatcrucialfirstinspirationisnevereasytorecapture,though,andtherefore,ontheotherhand,thewritingcanbecomeover-deliberated,lackinginflowandspontaneity,sincerevisionbecomesalargepartofcomposition.（然而，這種至關(guān)重要的第一靈感總是不容易被重新獲得的，因此，從另一方面來說，寫作可能會變得過于深思熟慮，缺乏流動性和自發(fā)性，因為修訂成為作品的一大部分）可知C選項“無法產(chǎn)生流暢的風格”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中的Seeingyourownwordonascreenhelpsyoutofeelcoolanddetachedaboutthem.（在屏幕上看到你自己的文字，會讓你感到冷靜和超然）可知A選項“作家與作品之間的距離感”符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Aretherenodrawbacks?Itcostsalotandtakestimetolearn—“expecttoloseweeksofwork”，saysHammond,thoughdaysmightbenearerthemark.（“沒有缺點嗎？學習使用文字處理器花費了很多時間學習，預計會損失幾周的工作”，Hammond說，盡管幾天可能會更準確些）可知B選項“夸大一個缺點”符合題意。

13.問答題

InemergingeconomieslikethatinEasternEurope,therearefearsthatgrowingjoblessness

A

mightencourageamoveawayfromfree-market,pro-Westernpolicies,whileindeveloping

B

countriesunemploymentcouldbolstereffortstoprotectlocalindustriesattheexpenseofglobal

C

D

trade.

【答案】試題答案：A;those

【解析】考查代詞。mergingeconomies為復數(shù)形式，因此代詞要用相應(yīng)的復數(shù)形式，that的復數(shù)為those。

14.單選題

Stop______alloverJulianna;foronce,lethermakeherownbreakfastandprepareherowncupofmorningcoffee.

問題1選項

A.fawning

B.calculating

C.flattering

D.praising

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項fawn“討好”，B項calculate“計算，預測”，C項flatter“奉承，諂媚”，D項praise“贊揚，（尤指唱歌）歌頌（上帝）”。由后面的句子意思“讓她自己做早餐，自己準備一杯早餐咖啡”結(jié)合選項內(nèi)容可推測，Stop______alloverJulianna表示“不要對朱莉安娜獻殷勤”，B、D選項排除；C選項一般后面直接跟人，即flattersb.；只有A項可以表示fawnon/oversb.（奉承、討好）。句意：不要對朱莉安娜獻殷勤，這一次，讓她自己做早餐，自己準備一杯早餐咖啡。因此，該題選擇A項。

15.單選題

Thesevariedracialgroupshavelearnedtolivetogetherinpeaceand（

），settinganexamplewellworthfollowing.

問題1選項

A.harmony

B.grace

C.rhythm

D.relief

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。harmony和睦，融洽；grace優(yōu)雅；rhythm節(jié)奏，韻律；relief救濟，減輕；peaceandharmony和諧和平，是固定搭配。句意：這些不同的種族群體已學會和平共處地生活在一起，樹立了值得學習的榜樣。答案A

16.單選題

InancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportantandhadstrongreligiousassociations.TheOlympianathleticfestivalheldeveryfouryearsinhonorofZeus,kingoftheOlympianGods,eventuallylostitslocalcharacter,becamefirstanationaleventandthen,aftertherulesagainstforeigncompetitorshadbeenabolished,international.NooneknowsexactlyhowfarbacktheOlympicGamesgo,butsomeofficialrecordsdatefrom776B.C.

ThegamestookplaceinAugustontheplainbyMountOlympus.ManythousandsofspectatorsgatheredfromallpartofGreece,butnomarriedwomanwasadmittedevenasaspectator.Slaves,womenanddishonoredpersonswerenotallowedtocompete.Theexactsequenceofeventsisuncertain,buteventsincludedboy’sgymnastics,boxing,wrestling,horseracingandfieldevents,thoughtherewerefewersportsinvolvedthaninthemodernOlympicGames.

OnthelastdayoftheGames,allthewinnerswerehonoredbyhavingaringofholyoliveleavesplacedontheirheads.Sogreatwasthehonorthatthewinnerofthefootracegavehisnametotheyearofhisvictory.AlthoughOlympicwinnersreceivednoprizemoney,theywere,infact,richlyrewardedbytheirstateauthorities.Howtheirresultscomparedwithmodernstandards,weunfortunatelyhavenomeansoftelling.

Afteranuninterruptedhistoryofalmost1,200yeas,theGamesweresuspendedbytheRomansin394A.D.TheycontinuedforsuchalongtimebecausepeoplebelievedinthephilosophybehindtheOlympics:theideathatahealthybodyproducedahealthymind,andthatthespiritofcompetitioninsportsandgameswaspreferabletothecompetitionthatcausedwars.Itwasover1,500yearsbeforeanothersuchinternationalathleticgatheringtookplaceinAthensin1896.

Nowadays,theGamesareheldindifferentcountriesinturn.Thehostcountryprovidesvastfacilities,includingastadium,swimmingpoolsandlivingaccommodation,butcompetingcountriespaytheirownathletes’expenses.

TheOlympicsstartwiththearrivalinthestadiumofatorchlightedonMountOlympusbythesun’srays.Itiscarriedbyasuccessionofrunnerstothestadium.ThetorchsymbolizedthecontinuationoftheancientGreekathleticideals,anditburnsthroughouttheGamesuntiltheclosingceremony.Thewell-knownOlympicflag,however,isamodernconception:thefiveinterlockingringssymbolizetheunitingofallfivecontinentsparticipatingintheGames.

1.Nowadays,theathletes’expensesarepaidfor（）

2.Modernathletes’resultscannotbecomparedwiththoseofancientrunnersbecause（）

3.TheorderofathleticeventsattheancientOlympics（）

4.IntheearlydaysofancientOlymp