考研考博-英語-廣東海洋大學(xué)寸金學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東海洋大學(xué)寸金學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith.Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,somebeingmorecapablethanothers.Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual-thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisreared.Ifanindividualishandicappedenvironmentally,itislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable.

Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual’sintelligencecanbedemonstratedbythecase—historyoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandMarkX.Beingidentical,thetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirth,andtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesame.Whenthetwinswerethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheywereplacedinseparatefosterhomes.Peterwasrearedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedcommunitywithpooreducationalopportunities.Markwasrearedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Hewasreadtoasachild,senttogoodschools,andgiveneveryopportunitytobestimulatedintellectually.Thisenvironmentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whentheyweregiventeststomeasuretheirintelligence.Mark’sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.Givenequalopportunities,thetwins,havingidenticalbrains,wouldhavetestedatroughlythesamelevel.

1.Thisselectioncanbestbetitled________.

2.Thebeststatementofthemainideaofthispassageisthat________.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theaverageI.Q.is________.

4.Thecasehistoryofthetwinsappearstosupporttheconclusionthat________.

5.Thispassagesuggeststhatanindividual’sI.Q.________.

問題1選項

A.theCaseofPeterandMark

B.HowthebraininfluencesIntelligence

C.MeasuringYourIntelligence

D.IntelligenceandEnvironment

問題2選項

A.environmentiscrucialindeterminingaperson’sintelligence

B.personshavingidenticalbrainswillhaveroughlythesameintelligence

C.humanbrainsdifferconsiderably

D.thebrainapersonisbornwithisimportantindetermininghisintelligence

問題3選項

A.110

B.125

C.85

D.100

問題4選項

A.lackofopportunityblocksthegrowthofintelligence

B.changesofenvironmentproducechangesinthestructureofthebrain

C.individualwithidenticalbrainsseldomtestatsamelevel

D.anindividual’sintelligenceisdeterminedonlybyhisenvironment

問題5選項

A.canbeincreasedbyeducation

B.isdeterminedbyhischildhood

C.canbepredictedatbirth

D.staysthesamethroughouthislife

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第四句Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.（但是，不管一個人的大腦有多好，除非他有機會學(xué)習(xí)，否則他的智力水平就會很低。），文章第一段提出天生的大腦和成長的環(huán)境決定智力高低，并且后天環(huán)境的影響比天生的因素更重要，隨后在第二段舉出彼得和馬克的案例來證明天生大腦一樣，后天環(huán)境對智力有很大影響，文章表達的重點在于環(huán)境對智力的影響，D選項“智力與環(huán)境”正確。A選項“彼得和馬克的案例”：不足以概括全文。B選項“大腦如何影響智力”和C選項“測量你的智力”：文中沒有具體提到。因此D選項正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第四句Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.（但是，不管一個人的大腦有多好，除非他有機會學(xué)習(xí)，否則他的智力水平就會很低。），可知相比于天生的大腦，環(huán)境對個人智力影響更大，A選項“環(huán)境在決定個人智力方面至關(guān)重要”正確，B選項“有相同大腦的人有大致相同的智力”和D選項“大腦天生的因素在決定他的智力方面很重要”錯誤。C選項“人類的大腦差別很大”：文中沒有提到。因此A選項正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句Mark’sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.（馬克的智商是125，比平均水平高25分，比他的同卵兄弟整整高40分。），可知平均智商是100，D選項“100”正確。A選項“110”，B選項“125”和C選項“85”錯誤。因此D選項正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語義推測題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Givenequalopportunities,thetwins,havingidenticalbrains,wouldhavetestedatroughlythesamelevel.（如果機會均等，擁有相同大腦的雙胞胎的測試水平大致相同。），結(jié)合雙胞胎因為環(huán)境不同而智力不同的案例，可知機會的多和少影響他們各自的智力，A選項“缺乏機會阻礙智力的增長”正確。B選項“環(huán)境的變化產(chǎn)生大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的變化”：文中沒有講到環(huán)境對大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的具體改變。C選項“具有相同大腦的個體很少在相同水平上測試”：文中只講了一個案例，不足以得出此結(jié)論。D選項“一個人的智力只由他所處的環(huán)境決定”：文中還提到天生的大腦影響智力。因此A選項正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三句Thisenvironmentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whentheyweregiventeststomeasuretheirintelligence.（這種環(huán)境差異一直持續(xù)到雙胞胎十八九歲的時候，那時他們接受了測試，以衡量他們的智力。），這種環(huán)境差異指的是受教育的機會和程度，可知教育可以提高智力，A選項“可以通過教育提高”正確。B選項“由童年決定”：這里兩個雙胞胎童年的差距就是教育，A選項更符合題意，而且教育可以在除了童年以外的時期進行。C選項“可以在出生時預(yù)測”和D選項“一生保持不變”：環(huán)境中教育的因素會影響智力，所以智力會因為教育而改變。因此A選項正確。

2.單選題

ThegroundbrokenbyFreudandBreuer’spronouncement,inthe“PreliminaryCommunication”concerningthepsychogenesisofhysteria,that“hystericssuffermainlyfromreminiscences”broughttoviewthetangledrootslinkingthedevelopingconceptofahiddenandpowerfulunconsciouswithnineteenthcenturyanxietiesconcerningmemory’sabsenceandexcess.Freud'slateremphasisuponfantasy,ratherthanmemory,inhisrevisedwritingsonhysteria'saetiologycanberegarded,inpart,asthevanquishingofmemory'sunbiddabilitybyfantasy'soriginsinunconsciouswishesandanxieties.

Twoqualifyingcurrentsranthroughthisnewemphasisuponfantasyanddesireratherthanuponinvoluntarymemory.First,theissueofpersonalresponsibilityraisedbythisnewemphasisonunconscioussexualandviolentfantasieswasmitigatedbyFreud’sconsolationtohisearliesthystericalpatientsthat“wearenotresponsibleforourfeelings”.Second,thepossibleassociationonlyoffantasywiththedeterminingforceofunconsciousinnerprocesses.

Hystories,whichcontinuesitsauthor'searlierstudyofhysteriaassociatesthisreturnwiththedevelopmentofadivisive“survivor”culturecharacterizedbyblameandvengefullitigation.Showalter'sfundamentallyEnlightenmentcritiqueofthisculturesuggeststhatonlyarenewedemphasisuponfantasycanrescuecontemporarywesternculturefromthedistortionsthatthreatenitsstabilityandlimititscapacityforhealthyanddemocraticallyorganizedpubliclife.Inshort,Showaltercallsforthenurturingofapsychicallyenlightenedculturewithinwhichcollectiveorindividualresponsibilitycanbeacknowledgedforviolent,fearful,orsexualfantasies.

Thethesispropoundedinthispolemicalandaccessibleworkisthathysteria,despitetheviewsofthepsychologicalestablishment,is“aliveandwell”inthelatetwentiethcenturywesternworld,thoughintransformedguise.Hysteria'sdomainhasshifted,arguesShowalter,fromtheclinictothepopularnarrative,or“history”,inwhichvariousarguably“traumaticexperiences”takecentre-stage.TV,thepopularpress,ande-mailspreadhystorieswithwhichgrowingnumbersoftroubledindividualsarecomingtoidentify.ThesehystoriesofME,GulfWarSyndrome,recoveredmemory,multiplepersonalitydisorder,satanicabuseandalienabductioneachprovideexplanatorynarrativesthatallowsomaticorpsychicalsymptoms.

Thesub-titleoftheUSversionofHystoriesandaspectsofitsargumentforegroundthepartplayedbythespeedandspreadofcontemporaryelectroniccommunicationsintheescalationofhystories.However,Hystories'argument,inkeepingperhapswiththebook'scritiqueofhystoriesthemselves,eschewsdirectaccusation.Nevertheless,thesharpestedgeofShowalter'sculturalcritiqueofhystoriesisdirectedagainsttheircrossingofthelinefromprivatenarrativesthatenabletherapeuticsensetobemadeofalife,tomedia-spurred,public,politicalandjudicial“ritualsoftestimony”thatinvolveaccusationandpersecution.Inafinalchapterthatwarns—alittlehystericallyperhaps—ofthecominghystericalplague,Showalterlikenstheemergenceandproliferationofthesepublicdiscoursestothewitch-huntsoftheseventeenthcentury.Sheconcludesthatthisdevelopment,demonstratesthe“humanpropensitytoparanoia”.

Atbase,HystoriescallsforareturntothoseinsightsandvaluesarguablydeliveredbyFreud'sturntowardsfantasy.ForShowalter,hystoriesappeartorepresentawithdrawalfromthehardtaskenjoinedbythoseinsights:thatofgraspingasourownunconsciousfantasiestheviolent,destructive,orsexualforcesthathystorieslocateandpersecuteelsewhereandinothers.Showalter'simpassionedpleaistoreturntoenlightenmentvalues.“Thehystericalepidemicsofthe1990scontinuetododamage”,sheconcludes“indistractingusfromtherealproblemsandcrisesofmodernsociety,inunderminingrespectforevidenceandtruth,andinhelpingsupportanatmosphereofconspiracyandsuspicion.Theypreventusfromclaimingourfullhumanityasfreeandresponsiblebeings”.Itistherecognitionofuniversalhumanpropensitiesand,inparticular,thegraspingofresponsibilityforourownprojectionsthatpromisestomoveusbeyondacultureofblameinhabitedbyperpetratorsandvictims,andtowardsafreerandamoreequalsociety.

1.Showalter’sinterestintobefoundmainlyintheacademicdisciplineof（

）.

2.AccordingtoShowalter,soldierssufferingfrompsychosomaticailmentsknownasthe"GulfWarSyndrome"aredealingwith

（

）.

3.TheattitudeofthereviewerofthebookbyShowaltermaybestbedescribedas

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheresearcher,mankindhasalwayshadthetendencyof

（

）.

5.Theanalysisandcomparisonwithseventeenth-centurywitch-huntsbyShowalter,successfulpredictsthehysteriaandpersecutioninourdayof（

）.

問題1選項

A.history

B.sociology

C.psychology

D.themedia

問題2選項

A.repressedmemoriesfromtheFirstIraqWar(1991)

B.delusionscreatedbychemicalorbiologicalweapons

C.unconsciousfearsaboutcontactwithtoxins

D.somaticexpressionofexposuretodepleteduranium

問題3選項

A.reserved

B.ironic

C.sympathetic

D.convinced

問題4選項

A.externalizationofthecausesofunhappiness

B.reductionofcomplexitiestosimplifiedstories

C.deificationofsupernaturalphenomena

D.schizophrenicparanoia

問題5選項

A.paedophiles

B.catholics

C.veganists

D.terrorists

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Showalter'sfundamentallyEnlightenmentcritiqueofthisculturesuggeststhatonlyarenewedemphasisuponfantasycanrescuecontemporarywesternculturefromthedistortionsthatthreatenitsstabilityandlimititscapacityforhealthyanddemocraticallyorganizedpubliclife.”，可知Showalter對這種文化的基本啟蒙批判表明，只有重新強調(diào)幻想，才能把當代西方文化從威脅其穩(wěn)定、限制其健康和民主組織的公共生活能力的扭曲中拯救出來?？膳袛喑鯯howalter的興趣主要集中在心理學(xué)的學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域。選項C符合題意。

第2題:2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Hysteria'sdomainhasshifted,arguesShowalter,fromtheclinictothepopularnarrative,or“history”,inwhichvariousarguably'traumaticexperiences'takecentre-stage.”，可知Showalter認為，歇斯底里癥的領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)從臨床轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槠毡榈目捶ɑ驓v史，其中可以說是創(chuàng)傷性經(jīng)歷占據(jù)了主要位置。可判斷出患有海灣戰(zhàn)爭綜合癥的士兵是由伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭帶來的痛苦記憶所致。選項A符合題意。

第3題:3.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一句，“Itistherecognitionofuniversalhumanpropensitiesand,inparticular,thegraspingofresponsibilityforourownprojectionsthatpromisestomoveusbeyondacultureofblameinhabitedbyperpetratorsandvictims,andtowardsafreerandamoreequalsociety.”，可知作者認為正是對普遍的人類傾向的認識，特別是對我們自己所承擔的責任的預(yù)測和理解，使我們有希望擺脫犯罪者和受害者所占據(jù)的指責文化，走向一個更加自由和平等的社會?？膳袛喑鲎髡叩挠^點和Showalter的觀點一致，所以這本書的書評家的態(tài)度是深信不疑的。選項D符合題意。

第4題:4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段，“Inafinalchapterthatwarns—alittlehystericallyperhaps—ofthecominghystericalplague,Showalterlikenstheemergenceandproliferationofthesepublicdiscoursestothewitch-huntsoftheseventeenthcentury.Sheconcludesthatthisdevelopment,demonstratesthe“humanpropensitytoparanoia.”，可知在最后一章中，Showalter警告了即將到來的歇斯底里災(zāi)難，他把這些公眾話語的出現(xiàn)和擴散比作17世紀的政治迫害。她的結(jié)論是，這種發(fā)展表明了具有人類妄想癥的傾向?？膳袛喑鰮?jù)研究人員說，人類一直有精神妄想癥的傾向。選項D符合題意。

第5題:5.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段，“…thesharpestedgeofShowalter'sculturalcritiqueofhystoriesisdirectedagainsttheircrossingofthelinefromprivatenarrativesthatenabletherapeuticsensetobemadeofalife,tomedia-spurred,public,politicalandjudicial'ritualsoftestimony'thatinvolveaccusationandpersecution…Showalterlikenstheemergenceandproliferationofthesepublicdiscoursestothewitch-huntsoftheseventeenthcentury.”，可知對Showalter最尖銳的文化批判主要是針對各種越界行為，包括使生活具有治療意義的個人敘述，到媒體推動的、公開的、政治的和司法的證詞儀式，以及指控和迫害。Showalter把這些公共話語的出現(xiàn)和擴散比作17世紀的政治迫害?？膳袛喑鐾ㄟ^與Showalter在17世紀對政治迫害進行分析和比較，成功地預(yù)測了恐怖分子在我們這個時代的歇斯底里和迫害。選項D符合題意。

3.單選題

Inanenvironmentallyconscioustweakonthetypicalwayofgettingfoodtothetable,growingnumbersofpeopleareskippingoutongrocerystoresandevenfarmersmarketsandinsteadgoingrighttothesourcebybuyingsharesoffarms.

Ononeofthefarms,hereabout35mileswestofChicago,SteveTriskowasweedingbeetstheotherdayandcuttingbackashadetreesobabytomatoescouldgetsunlight.Mr.Triskoisaretiredcomputerconsultantwhoownssharesinthefour-acreErehwonFarm.

“Wedecidedthatit’sinourinteresttohaveasmallfarmsucceed,andhavethembeabletohaveasustainablefarmproducinggoodfood,”Mr.Triskosaid.

PartofaloosebutgrowingnetworkmostlymobilizedontheInternet,Erehwonisparticipatinginwhatisknownascommunity-supportedagriculture.About150peoplehaveboughtsharesinErehwon—inessence,hiringpersonalfarmersandturningtheoldnotionofsharecroppingonitshead.

TheconceptwasimportedfromEuropeandAsiainthe1980sasanalternativemarketingandfinancingarrangementtohelpcombattheoftenprohibitivecostsofsmall-scalefarming.Butuntilrecently,itwasslowtotakeroot.Therewerefewerthan100suchfarmsintheearly1990s,butinthelastseveralyearsthenumbershavegrowntocloseto1,500,accordingtoacademicexpertswhohavefollowedthetrend.

“Ithinkpeoplearebecomingmorelocal-minded,andthisfitsrightintothat,”saidNicholeD.Nazelrod,programcoordinatorattheFultonCenterforSustainableLivingatWilsonCollegeinChambersburg,Pa.,anationalclearinghouseforcommunity-supportedfarms.“Peopleareseeingwaystocometogetherandworktogethertomakethissuccessful.”

TheshareholdersofErehwonFarmhaveopenaccesstothelandandaguaranteedpercentageoftheseason’sharvestoffruitandvegetablesforpackagesthatrangefromabout$300to$900.Arrangementsoffresh-cutblossomstwiceamonthcanbeincludedforanextra$120—orforthedeluxepackage,$220will“feedthesoul”withweeklybouquetsofliliesandsunflowersandotherlocalblooms.

Shareholdersarenotrequiredtoworkthefields,buttheycaniftheywant,andmanydo.Mr.Triskosaidhisfamilyknowsthatwithouthisvolunteerlaborandagreementtoshareinthefinancialriskofraisingcrops,thesmallorganicfarmmightnotsurvive.“It’sveryhardforthemtomakeendsmeet,”hesaid,“soIdecidedtogooutandhelp.Weharvest,water,pullweeds,whatevertheyneeddoing.”

Erehwon—theword“nowhere”spelledbackward—startedwithtwoshareholders,reacheditsgoalof140lastyear,andnowhasraiseditstargettoabout200members.

1.Accordingtothepassage,growingnumbersofpeoplebuysharesoffarmsbecausethey（）.

2.ErehwonFarmdiffersfromthetraditionalfarmsinthatitis（）.

3.Wemayinferfromthepassagethatcommunity-sponsoredfarm（）.

4.TheaverageshareholdersofErehwonFarmareentitledto（）.

5.ItisimpliedthatErehwonFarm（）.

問題1選項

A.areconsciousofenvironmentalproblems

B.abandonthetypicalwayofgettingfoodtothetable

C.nolongerdependongrocerystoresandfarmersmarkets

D.liketogrowvegetablesthemselvesinthesuburbanfarms

問題2選項

A.verysmall

B.veryefficient

C.community-supportedagriculture

D.sharedbypeoplefromdifferentplaces

問題3選項

A.isanewconceptemergingintheU.S.A

B.hastocombatwithsmall-scalefarming

C.isgraduallytakingshapeinAmericanagriculture

D.isverypopularasboomingagricultureintheU.S.A

問題4選項

A.cometogetherandworktogetheronthefarm

B.getaguaranteedpercentageoftheseason’sharvestoffruitandvegetables

C.enjoypackagesthatrangefromabout$300to$900

D.buy$120-$220fresh-cutblossomstwiceamonth

問題5選項

A.comesfromthebackwardspelledword“nowhere”

B.isafictionalnameandthereisnosuchafarmintheU.S.A

C.it’sveryhardtosurviveowingtoitssmallsize

D.developssoundly,inspiteofitsfinancialdifficulties

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第一自然段的內(nèi)容“環(huán)保意識改變了將食物端上桌的傳統(tǒng)方式，相反，越來越多的人轉(zhuǎn)向了雜貨店甚至農(nóng)貿(mào)市場，通過購買農(nóng)場的股份來直接獲取來源。”由此可知，越來越多的人買農(nóng)場股份是受到環(huán)保意識的影響，所以選項A正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“PartofaloosebutgrowingnetworkmostlymobilizedontheInternet,Erehwonisparticipatinginwhatisknownascommunity-supportedagriculture.Erehwon是松散卻不斷壯大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一部分，主要通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)動員起來，他參與的是所謂的社區(qū)支持農(nóng)業(yè)?！币约氨径巫詈笠痪洹癷nessence,hiringpersonalfarmersandturningtheoldnotionofsharecroppingonitshead.從本質(zhì)上說，就是雇傭私人農(nóng)場主，顛覆舊的佃農(nóng)制度?！庇纱丝芍珽rehwon農(nóng)場和傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)場的不同之處在于它是社區(qū)支持的農(nóng)業(yè)，選項C符合原文。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第五段第一句“TheconceptwasimportedfromEuropeandAsiainthe1980sasanalternativemarketingandfinancingarrangementtohelpcombattheoftenprohibitivecostsofsmall-scalefarming.這一概念是在20世紀80年代從歐洲和亞洲引進的，作為一種替代性的銷售和籌資安排，來幫助克服小規(guī)模農(nóng)業(yè)通常高昂的費用?！庇纱丝芍@不是一個新的概念，而且是來幫助而不是來和小規(guī)模農(nóng)場競爭的，所以選項A和選項B均表述錯誤；根據(jù)本段第二句“Butuntilrecently,itwasslowtotakeroot.但直到最近，它才慢慢生根發(fā)芽”可知，這一概念剛剛生根發(fā)芽，還沒有初步成形，所以選項C錯誤；根據(jù)本段最后一句的內(nèi)容可知，像Erehwon這樣的農(nóng)場由以前的不到100家到現(xiàn)在增長到接近1500家，說明社區(qū)支持的農(nóng)業(yè)在美國蓬勃發(fā)展的農(nóng)業(yè)非常受歡迎。所以選項D符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的第一句“TheshareholdersofErehwonFarmhaveopenaccesstothelandandaguaranteedpercentageoftheseason’sharvestoffruitandvegetablesforpackagesthatrangefromabout$300to$900.ErehwonFarm的股東可以自由使用土地，并保證獲得當季水果和蔬菜收成的一定比例，金額從300美元到900美元不等?！庇纱丝芍?，選項B符合原文。選項A目前還沒有實現(xiàn)；選項C曲解了原文的意思；選項D不是普通股東享有的權(quán)利，所以只有選項B正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段首句“Erehwon—theword“nowhere”spelledbackward…Erehwon這個詞是由‘nowhere’倒著寫的”，由此可知，選項A符合原文。選項B在文中沒有信息提及；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，Erehwon農(nóng)場不是由于規(guī)模小而無法生存，屬于曲解原文句意，所以選項C不正確；原文也沒有提及財政問題，所以選項D也不正確。

4.單選題

Itgavemeastrangefeelingofexcitementtoseemynamein（

）.

問題1選項

A.news

B.print

C.publication

D.press

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。news意為“新聞，消息”；print意為“印刷業(yè)，印記”；publication意為“出版”；press意為“新聞，出版社”。inprint意為“印出來”。

句意：當看到我的名字出現(xiàn)在出版物上時，我有一種奇怪的興奮感。

5.不定項選擇題

TherecordedcivilizationofIndiaisoneofthelongestinthecourseofworldhistory,anditsmythology,linkedtoitsreligionsandtothedevelopmentofitscivilization,spansanevengreaterlengthoftime.Unlikethemythologyofmostcountries,particularlyWesterncountries,Indianmythologyisstillapartofthelivingcultureofthepeopleonalllevelsofsociety,fromtheilliteratemassestotheeducatedelite.

TheIndianshavealwaystendedtoretainearlybeliefsandmoldthemtoreflectnewsocialconditionsortofittheseearlybeliefsintoanewphilosophicalscheme.Thistendencyhasledtoapolytheisminwhichthenumberofdeitiesandthemythsattachedtothemareconstantlyincreasing,despiteattemptsoverthecenturiesofpriestsandphilosopherstoimposepantheism,ormonotheismonthepeople.Anotherfailureofthepriest-hoodhasbeentoeradicatethecastesystem,whichhasbeenoutlawedbutwhichislegitimizedbyIndianmythology.

Indianmythologyistrulyalivingmythology,evolvingasaconsequenceofhistoricalcircumstanceslike,dynasticchanges,economicconditions,andtheresultantsocialupheavalsexperiencedbytheIndianpeople.Inotherwords,themythologychangestoexplainandrecordactualhistoricalevents.

However,historyhasnotbeentheonlyelementatworkinchangingandmythologizingIndianreligion.Anotherlessopenlyacknowledgedfactorhasbeentheeffortsofthepriests,orBrahminstomaintainorincreasetheirpowerandinfluencewiththemassesbyweavingtheirprimitivedeitiesintothefabricoftheBrahmins’moresophisticatedreligionbymeansofmyth.Inthisway,theBrahmins,whichwerenotpoliticalrulers,maintainedandconsolidatedtheirpoweroverthemassesandtherebyensuredtheirownpositionsoftrustandprestigewiththeemperorclass.

1.Indianmythology（）.

2.Ancientbeliefsandmyths（）.

3.Indianreligionis（）.

4.Thecastesystemis（）.

5.ThenumberofgodsinIndianmythologyis（）.

6.Historicalcircumstanceslikedynasticchangesandinvasionsare（）.

7.Historically,Brahminshavebeen（）.

問題1選項

A.isafairlyrecentdevelopment

B.diedoutlongagointhebeliefsofthepeople

C.heldswayforcenturiesbutnowdoesnotaffectthepeople

D.stillfiguresinthelivesandbeliefsofmostIndians

問題2選項

A.areoftenremolded,tofitnewhistoricalevents

B.arediscardedwhennolonger-immediatelyrelevant

C.weremadeupbythepriests

D.wereforbiddenbythepriests

問題3選項

A.pantheistic

B.polytheistic

C.monotheistic

D.atheistic

問題4選項

A.encouragedbythepriests

B.encouragedbythegovernment

C.immoralaccordingtoIndianmythology

D.illegal

問題5選項

A.constantlyincreasing

B.slowlydecreasing

C.constant

D.rapidlydecreasing

問題6選項

A.reflectedinthemythology

B.totallyseparatefromthemythology

C.foretoldinIndianmythology

D.criticizedinthemythology

問題7選項

A.warriors

B.rulers

C.oflittleinfluencewiththemasses

D.akindoflinkbetweentherulersandthemasses

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。A：是最近才發(fā)展起來的；第一段指出：TherecordedcivilizationofIndiaisoneofthelongestinthecourseofworldhistory,anditsmythology,linkedtoitsreligionsandtothedevelopmentofitscivilization,spansanevengreaterlengthoftime（印度有記載的文明是世界歷史上最長的文明之一，它的神話與宗教和文明的發(fā)展聯(lián)系在一起，存在了更長的時間），因此A項不符合原文所述。B：很久以前就在人們的信仰中消失了；C：統(tǒng)治了幾個世紀，但現(xiàn)在不影響人們；D：在大多數(shù)印度人的生活和信仰中仍然存在。第一段最后一句指出：Unlikethemythologyofmostcountries,particularlyWesterncountries,Indianmythologyisstillapartofthelivingcultureofthepeopleonalllevelsofsociety,fromtheilliteratemassestotheeducatedelite（與大多數(shù)國家，特別是西方國家的神話不同，印度神話仍然是從文盲大眾到受過教育的精英階層的社會各階層人民生活文化的一部分）。由此可知，B項和C項不正確，D項“在大多數(shù)印度人的生活和信仰中仍然存在”正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。A：經(jīng)常被重塑，以適應(yīng)新的歷史事件；題干問的是“古代信仰和神話……”，由此可定位至第二段開頭：TheIndianshavealwaystendedtoretainearlybeliefsandmoldthemtoreflectnewsocialconditionsortofittheseearlybeliefsintoanewphilosophicalscheme（印度人總是傾向于保留早期的信仰，并將其塑造為反映新的社會條件或?qū)⑦@些早期的信仰融入新的哲學(xué)體系），由此可知，A項正確。B：當不再是直接相關(guān)時被丟棄；第一段指出：TherecordedcivilizationofIndiaisoneofthelongestinthecourseofworldhistory,anditsmythology,linkedtoitsreligionsandtothedevelopmentofitscivilization,spansanevengreaterlengthoftime（印度有記載的文明是世界歷史上最長的文明之一，它的神話與宗教和文明的發(fā)展聯(lián)系在一起，存在了更長的時間），因此，印度古代信仰和神話并未被丟棄過，B項不符合原文所述。C：都是祭司編出來的；D：被祭司禁止。文章對于祭祀的描述僅存在于最后一段：Anotherlessopenlyacknowledgedfactorhasbeentheeffortsofthepriests,orBrahminstomaintainorincreasetheirpowerandinfluencewiththemassesbyweavingtheirprimitivedeitiesintothefabricoftheBrahmins’moresophisticatedreligionbymeansofmyth（另一個不太公開承認的因素是，祭司或婆羅門通過神話將他們的原始神靈編織進婆羅門更復(fù)雜的宗教結(jié)構(gòu)中，努力維持或增加他們在大眾中的權(quán)力和影響力）。由此可知，古代信仰和神話是祭司或婆羅門編造出來的，也并非被祭司禁止，C項和D項錯誤。因此，本題選A。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。各選項的意思是：A：泛神論的；B：多神論的；C：一神論的；D：無神論的。第二段倒數(shù)第二句指出：Thistendencyhasledtoapolytheisminwhichthenumberofdeitiesandthemythsattachedtothemareconstantlyincreasing,despiteattemptsoverthecenturiesofpriestsandphilosopherstoimposepantheism,ormonotheismonthepeople（這種趨勢導(dǎo)致了一種多神論，其中的神的數(shù)量和與之相關(guān)的神話不斷增加，盡管幾個世紀以來，牧師和哲學(xué)家試圖將泛神論或一神論強加給人們）。因此，B項正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。各選項的意思是：A：種姓制度受到祭司的支持，原文并未提及此項；B：種姓制度受到政府的支持，原文并未提及此項；C：在印度神話中不道德的，原文只是說“在印度神話中被合法化”，因此此項不符合原文所述；D：非法，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Thecastesystem可定位至第二段最后一句：Anotherfailureofthepriest-hoodhasbeentoeradicatethecastesystem,whichhasbeenoutlawedbutwhichislegitimizedbyIndianmythology（牧師職位的另一個失敗之處是消除了種姓制度。種姓制度被視為非法，但在印度神話中被合法化），因此D項“非法”正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。各選項的意思是：A：不斷地增加；B：慢慢減少；C：不變的，恒定的；D：速降。第二段指出：Thistendencyhasledtoapolytheisminwhichthenumberofdeitiesandthemythsattachedtothemareconstantlyincreasing（這種趨勢導(dǎo)致了一種多神論，其中的神的數(shù)量和與之相關(guān)的神話不斷增加），由此可知，印度神話中神的數(shù)量“不斷增加”，故選A項。

6.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。各選項的意思是：A：在神話中被反映；B：完全脫離神話；C：在印度神話中被預(yù)言；D：在神話中被批判。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞如Historicalcircumstances，dynastic等可定位至文章第三段：Indianmythologyistrulyalivingmythology,evolvingasaconsequenceofhistoricalcircumstanceslike,dynasticchanges,economicconditions,andtheresultantsocialupheavalsexperiencedbytheIndianpeople（印度神話是栩栩如生的神話，隨著歷史環(huán)境而逐漸發(fā)展，如王朝的變化，經(jīng)濟條件，以及印度人民所經(jīng)歷的社會動蕩），因此，A項“由神話反映”正確。

7.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題，各選項的意思是：A：勇士，原文并未提及此項；B：統(tǒng)治者；C：對群眾的影響不大；D：一種聯(lián)系統(tǒng)治者和群眾的紐帶。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Brahmins可定位至最后一段：Anotherlessopenlyacknowledgedfactorhasbeentheeffortsofthepriests,orBrahminstomaintainorincreasetheirpowerandinfluencewiththemassesbyweavingtheirprimitivedeitiesintothefabricoftheBrahmins’moresophisticatedreligionbymeansofmyth.Inthisway,theBrahmins,whichwerenotpoliticalrulers,maintainedandconsolidatedtheirpoweroverthemassesandtherebyensuredtheirownpositionsoftrustandprestigewiththeemperorclass（另一個不太被公開承認的因素是，祭司或婆羅門通過神話的方式，將他們原始的神編入婆羅門更為復(fù)雜的宗教結(jié)構(gòu)中，努力維持或增加他們對大眾的權(quán)力和影響。通過這種方式，不是政治統(tǒng)治者的婆羅門保持和鞏固了對群眾的權(quán)力，從而確保了自己在皇帝階級中的地位和威望），由此可推斷出，婆羅門歷來是“一種聯(lián)系統(tǒng)治者和群眾的紐帶”，并且不是“統(tǒng)治者”，對群眾有一定的影響力，因此B項和C項錯誤，D項正確。

6.單選題

ASouthernCaliforniabreweryhassuccessfullytestedabeerusingtreatedsewagewater.StoneBrewing,alargecraftbrewingoperationheadquarteredinEscondido,presenteditsFullCirclePaleAletocuriouscustomersataneventlatelyinSanDiego.

Thenewaleismadeusingrecycled,treatedsewagewaterandispartofSanDiego'splan,'pureWaterSanDiego’，togetathirdofitswaterfromrecycledsourcesby2021.Andtheverdictforthebrew,whichsomehavedubbed'toilettap’，seemedtobequitepositive,SFGatereported.

SanDiegomayorKevinFaulconertoldtheTimesthatthebrewwas'fantastic'andadded:There'snobetterwaytohighlightthepurityofthiswater.Otherpatronssaidthebrewwasoutstandinganddelicious.StoneBrewing'sSeniorManagerofBrewingandInnovation,SteveGonzalez,createdthebeerandsaidthathewasdoubtfulatfirst.Butalldoubtsweredispelledwhenhetriedhisbrew.

HetoldABC10:'AmongthepalealesthatI'vemade,it'sprobablyinthetopthree.'Thebeerwasmadewiththreemaltsandthreehopsandhas'carameland'tropicalfruit'notes.Therecycledwateronlyneededsomesaltsbeforebrewing.Thebreweryisusedtousingdifferentwatersourceswhichinturnhavedifferentproperties-followingCalifornia'sextremedroughtconditions.

StoneBrewinghopestomaketheFullCirclePaleAleavailablesoon.

1.StoneBrewingissuccessfulinmakinga（）.

2.Thepublicrespondtothebeeris（）.

3.SteveGonzalez（）.

4.“PureWaterSanDiego”isto（）.

5.StoneBrewingis（）.

問題1選項

A.recycledwaterbeer

B.sewagewater