考研考博-英語-晉中師范高等?？茖W?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-晉中師范高等?？茖W?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Hefailedto（

）himselftothenewenvironment.

問題1選項

A.adopt

B.adapt

C.attach

D.abduct

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。adopt“采用，收養(yǎng)”；adapt“適應(yīng)”；attach“使聯(lián)系，使依附”；abduct“綁架，誘拐”。句意：他不能適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。B項符合題意。

2.單選題

It’stimeyou（）somereadingortheotherstudentswillleaveyoubehind.

問題1選項

A.gotdownto

B.adaptedto

C.heldonto

D.attendedto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項gotdownto“開始認真”；B選項adaptedto“適應(yīng)于”；C選項heldonto“堅持”；D選項attendedto“注意”。句意：你該認真讀書了，否則其他學生就會把你甩在后面。本句表示開始認真讀書。因此A選項正確。

3.單選題

Wewerefourscoresleftbehindwithfiveminutestogo,sothegamelookedcompletely（

）.

問題1選項

A.irresistible

B.irretrievable

C.irremissible

D.irreplaceable

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意‘比賽只剩下五分鐘了但我們落后四分，所以這場比賽看上去已完全無法挽救了?！芍驗楸确謶沂?，所以這場比賽的勝利己經(jīng)無法改變了。A選項irresistible“不可抵抗的”;irretrievable“不能彌補的”；C選項irremissible“無法逃避的”；D選項irreplaceable“不可替代的”。B選項正確。

4.單選題

Thetradeunionsinthisindustryare（

）anyreductioninwages.

問題1選項

A.objectingagainst

B.opposedto

C.resistingagainst

D.reactedto

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞“anyreductioninwages工資的任何減少”和四個選項的對應(yīng)構(gòu)成選擇固定搭配“beopposedtosth反對某事”的B項正確。英語中一般不用“objectagainst”或“resistagainst”的搭配；英語中沒有“bereactedtosth.”這種搭配，一般用“reactedtosth.對某事起反應(yīng)”。句意為：這個行業(yè)的工會反對任何減薪。故正確答案選B。

5.單選題

Thatscientistisnottoohappywiththeproject,and（）arehersupervisors.

問題1選項

A.either

B.neither

C.so

D.as

【答案】B

【解析】句意：那位科學家對這個項目不太滿意，她的主管也不太滿意。兩者都不用neither。

6.不定項選擇題

(1)Thesourcesofanti-Christianfeelingweremanyandcomplex.Onthemoreintangibleside,therewasageneralpiqueagainsttheunwantedintrusionoftheWesterncountries;therewasanunderstandabletendencytoseekanexternalscapegoatforinternaldisordersonlytangentiallyattributabletotheWestandperhapsmostimportant,therewasaviriletraditionofethnocentricism,ventedlongbeforeagainstIndianBuddhism,whichsincetheseventeenthcentury,focusedonWesternChristianity.Accordingly,evenbeforethemissionarymovementreallygotunderwayinthemid-nineteenthcentury,itwasalreadyatadisadvantage.After1860,asmissionaryactivityinthehinterlandexpanded,itquicklybecameapparentthatinadditiontotheintangibles,numeroustangiblegroundsforChinesehostilityabounded.

(2)Inpart,theverypresenceofthemissionaryevokedattack,theywere,afterall,thefirstforeignerstoleavethetreatyportsandventureintotheinterior,andforalongtimetheywerevirtuallytheonlyforeignerswhosequotidianlaborscarriedthemtothefarthestreachestheChineseempire.Formanyoftheindigenouspopulation,therefore,themissionarystoodasauniquelyvisiblesymbolagainstwhichoppositiontoforeignintrusioncouldbevented.Inpart,too,themissionarywasattackedbecausethemannerinwhichhemadehispresencefeltafter1860seemedalmostcalculatedtooffend.ByindignantlywagingbattleagainstthenotionthatChinawasthesolefountainheadofcivilizationand,moreparticularly,byhisassaultonmanyfacetsofChineseculture,themissionarydirectlyunderminedtheculturalhegemonyofthegentryclass.Also,incountlessways,heposedathreattothegentry’straditionalmonopolyofsocialleadership.Missionaries,particularlyCatholics,frequently,assumedthegarboftheConfucianliterati.Theyweretheonlypersonsatthelocallevel,asidefromthegentrywhowerepermittedtocommunicatewiththeauthoritiesassocialequals,andtheyenjoyedanextraterritorialstatusintheinteriorthatgavethemgreaterimmunitytoChineselawthanhadeverbeenpossessedbythegentry.

(3)AlthoughitwastheavowedpolicyoftheChinesegovernmentafter1860thatthenewtreatiesweretobestrictlyadheredto,inpracticeimplementationdependedonthewholeheartedaccordprovincialauthorities.Thereisabundantevidencethatcooperationwasdilatory.Attherootofthislaytheinteractivenatureofrulerandruled.

(4)Inaseverelyunderstaffedbureaucracythatruledasmuchbysuasionasbymight,theofficial,almostalwaysastrangerinthelocalityofhisservice,dependedontheactivecooperationofthelocalgentryclass.Energeticattemptstoimplementtreatyprovisionsconcerningmissionaryactivities,indirectdefianceofgentrysentiment,rantheriskofalienatingthisclassanddestroyingfutureeffectiveness.

36.Inavagueway,anti-Christianfeelingstemmedfrom（）.

37.Theauthorwouldagreethat（）.

38.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthoragree?

39.Missionaries（）.

40.Provincialauthorities（）.

問題1選項

A.themerepresenceofinvaders

B.ageneralizedunfocusedfeeling

C.theintroductiontotheWest

D.noneoftheabove

問題2選項

A.manyproblemsinChinacamefrominternaldisordersduetoWeasterninfluence.

B.manyproblemsinChinacamefromChinaitselfandwereunrelatedtotheWest.

C.scapegoatsperformanecessaryfunctionandthereshouldbemoreofthem.

D.alloftheabovearetrue.

問題3選項

A.Ethnocentricismisamanlytradition.

B.ThedisdaintowardChristianitywasprefiguredbyadisdaintowardBuddhism.

C.AlthoughChristianitywasnotwellreceivedinChina,Buddhismwas.

D.TheauthorwouldagreewithAandC.

問題4選項

A.oftendressedthesamewayasChinesescholarsdid

B.werefreeofthelegalconstraintsthatboundthelocalindigenouspopulation

C.hadgreateraccesstoauthoritythanChinesepeasants

D.maybedescribedbyalloftheabove

問題5選項

A.cooperatedfullywiththecentralgovernment’spolicy

B.werealivetolocalfeelings

C.wereobligedtodeterminewhetherlocalsentimenttoleratedimplementation

D.maybedescribedbyBandC.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】36.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“以一種模糊的方式來看，反基督教情緒來源于……”。根據(jù)文章第一段Thesourcesofanti-Christianfeelingweremanyandcomplex.Onthemoreintangibleside,therewasageneralpiqueagainsttheunwantedintrusionoftheWesterncountries;therewasanunderstandabletendencytoseekanexternalscapegoatforinternaldisordersonlytangentiallyattributabletotheWestandperhapsmostimportant,therewasaviriletraditionofethnocentricism,ventedlongbeforeagainstIndianBuddhism,whichsincetheseventeenthcentury,focusedonWesternChristianity.（反基督教情緒的來源很多，而且很復(fù)雜。在更難以捉摸的方面，人們普遍對西方國家不必要的入侵感到不滿；人們有一種可以理解的傾向，即為與西方影響無關(guān)的內(nèi)部混亂尋找外部替罪羊。或許最重要的是，印度存在著一種強大的民族中心主義傳統(tǒng)，早在反對印度佛教之前就有了，印度佛教從17世紀開始就關(guān)注西方基督教。）可知，在這里連續(xù)提到了三個反基督教的可能因素，可知這種反基督教的因素并不是單一的，也不是固定的，所以B項“一種普遍的、不集中的感覺”更符合題意。A項“入侵者的出現(xiàn)”和C項“西方的引進”只是其中一個因素；D項“以上都不是”錯誤。故該題選B。

37.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者可能會同意……”。根據(jù)第一段第二句therewasanunderstandabletendencytoseekanexternalscapegoatforinternaldisordersonlytangentiallyattributabletotheWest（人們有一種可以理解的傾向，即為與西方影響無關(guān)的內(nèi)部混亂尋找外部替罪羊）可知，中國內(nèi)部的很多問題并不是西方因素引起的，因此B項“中國的許多問題都是中國自己造成的”符合題意。A項“中國的許多問題都是由于受西方的影響而產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)亂，與西方無關(guān)”，內(nèi)容與原文不符；C項“替罪羊發(fā)揮了必要的作用，應(yīng)該有更多的替罪羊”文中沒有提到替罪羊發(fā)揮了作用，該項錯誤；D項“以上都是正確的”錯誤。故該題選B。

38.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者可能會同意下列哪一個觀點？”。根據(jù)第一段第二句therewasaviriletraditionofethnocentricism,ventedlongbeforeagainstIndianBuddhism（印度有一種強大的民族中心主義的男性傳統(tǒng)，早在反對印度佛教之前就有了），這句話中的virile(男性的)等同于manly，所以A項“民族中心主義是男性的傳統(tǒng)”正確。B項“對基督教的蔑視是以對佛教的蔑視為預(yù)兆的”，內(nèi)容在文章并無體現(xiàn)，所以B項不選。根據(jù)againstIndianBuddhism可知C項“雖然基督教在中國不太受歡迎，但佛教很受歡迎”錯誤。D項“作者同意A項和C項的觀點”錯誤。故該題選A。

39.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“傳教士……”。第二段最后兩句提到Missionaries,particularlyCatholics,frequently,assumedthegarboftheConfucianliterati.Theyweretheonlypersonsatthelocallevel,asidefromthegentrywhowerepermittedtocommunicatewiththeauthoritiesassocialequals,andtheyenjoyedanextraterritorialstatusintheinteriorthatgavethemgreaterimmunitytoChineselawthanhadeverbeenpossessedbythegentry.（傳教士，尤其是天主教徒，經(jīng)常穿著儒家文人的服裝。除了這些被允許與政府進行社會平等交流，在內(nèi)地享有“治外法權(quán)”和享有更大的中國法律豁免權(quán)的紳士之外，他們是當?shù)匚ㄒ幌碛羞@些的人。），由此可知A項“經(jīng)常穿著和中國學者一樣的衣服”，B項“擺脫了束縛當?shù)赝林用竦姆杉s束”和C項“比中國農(nóng)民更容易獲得權(quán)力”都有提及，所以D項“以上都可描述”正確。故該題選D。

40.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“省級政府……”。最后一段提到theofficial,almostalwaysastrangerinthelocalityofhisservice,dependedontheactivecooperationofthelocalgentryclass.Energeticattemptstoimplementtreatyprovisionsconcerningmissionaryactivities,indirectdefianceofgentrysentiment,rantheriskofalienatingthisclassanddestroyingfutureeffectiveness.（官員在他所管制的當?shù)貛缀蹩偸且粋€陌生人，依靠當?shù)丶澥侩A層的積極合作。在直接蔑視紳士情緒的情況下，積極地嘗試執(zhí)行條約規(guī)定有關(guān)傳教活動會冒著疏遠這個階級和破壞其效果的風險。）可知這句話表達了官方對當?shù)厝说囊蕾嚭凸俜揭遣活櫘數(shù)厝嗣竦那榫w，實行傳道活動，就會有疏遠當?shù)厝撕推茐膫鞯赖男Ч奈：?；所以我們可以推斷官方關(guān)注當?shù)厝嗣竦母杏X，同時官方有義務(wù)去弄清楚人們是否可以容忍傳道活動的進行。故B項“關(guān)心當?shù)厝说那楦小焙虲項“有義務(wù)決定當?shù)厝饲榫w是否能容忍傳道的實施”都正確。A項“充分配合中央政府的政策”，文章沒有提到。因此D項“可以用B項和C項來描述”符合題意。故該題選D。

7.填空題

Adebatehaseruptedwithinmedicineoverhowtoensurethatphysiciansmaintaintheirclinicalskillsthroughouttheircareers.TheAmericanBoardofInternalMedicine(ABIM)haslongrequiredinterniststopassMaintenanceofCertificationexamsevery10yearstokeeptheirboard-certifiedstatus.(71)Inresponse,theABIMannounceditwouldofferanewassessmentoptionstartinginJanuary2018,allowingdoctorstoberecertifiedthroughshorter,butmorefrequent,assessments.(72)Infact,itraisesacoupleofimportantquestions:Areassessmentseventhemosteffectivewaytoincentivizedoctorstokeepupwiththelatestmedicalknowledgeandnewtechnologies?Whydon’twedirectlymeasurephysicians’qualityofcareandpatientoutcomesastheygrowolder?

Whilethereissomeevidencethatphysicians’clinicalknowledge,adherencewithup-to-datestandardsofcare,andperformanceonprocessmeasuresmaywaneastheygetolder,littleisknownaboutwhetherandhowageimpactsphysicians’practiceandtheirpatientoutcomes.(73)Ontheotherhand,scientificknowledge,technology,andclinicalguidelineschangesoregularlythatkeepingupwiththemandincorporatingthemintoclinicalpracticecanbeoverwhelming.

AsthephysicianworkforceintheU.S.ages(approximatelyone-fifthofU.S.physiciansareover65yearsold,andthesizeofthegrouphasincreased27%since2005),itbecomesevenmoreimportanttounderstandhowphysicianagemightrelatetopatientoutcomes.(74)

Therelationshipbetweenphysicianageandpatientoutcomeshasnotbeenempiricallystudiedatalargescale.(75)Inourstudy,whichwasrecentlypublishedinTheBMJ,wefoundthatU.S.Medicarepatientstreatedbyolderphysiciansweremorelikelytodiewithin30daysofhospitalization,comparedwithpatientstreatedbyyoungerphysicians—unlesstheolderphysicianswereusedtotreatinglargenumbersofpatientseachyear.

A.Wefoundthatpatientstreatedbyolderphysiciansexperiencedstatisticallysignificantlyhighermortalityratesthanpatientscaredforbyyoungerphysicians.

B.Thiswouldhelpinformneweffortstoeducateolderphysiciansandimproveclinicaloutcomes.

C.However,thispolicyhasrecentlycomeunderscrutinyduetoitshighburdentodoctorsandthelackofsoundevidencethatrecertificationprocessesimprovedoctors’qualityofcare.

D.Ononehand,skillsandknowledgeareaccumulatedthroughexperienceandcanimprovequalityofcare.

E.Butit’snotclearthatthiswillmakemuchdifference.

F.Therefore,wedecidedtoinvestigatethisissuebyanalyzingtheoutcomesofhospitalizedMedicarepatientsandtheageoftheirtreatingphysicians.

【答案】71.C

72.E

73.D

74.B

75.F

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.Wefoundthatpatientstreatedbyolderphysiciansexperiencedstatisticallysignificantlyhighermortalityratesthanpatientscaredforbyyoungerphysicians.A.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，由年長的醫(yī)生治療的病人的死亡率在統(tǒng)計學上明顯高于由年輕醫(yī)生照顧的病人。

B.Thiswouldhelpinformneweffortstoeducateolderphysiciansandimproveclinicaloutcomes.B.這將有助于為教育年長醫(yī)生和改善臨床預(yù)后的新嘗試提供信息。

C.However,thispolicyhasrecentlycomeunderscrutinyduetoitshighburdentodoctorsandthelackofsoundevidencethatrecertificationprocessesimprovedoctors’qualityofcare.C.然而，這一政策最近受到了審查，因為它給醫(yī)生帶來了很高的負擔，而且缺乏合理的證據(jù)證明重新認證過程可以改善醫(yī)生的護理質(zhì)量。

D.Ononehand,skillsandknowledgeareaccumulatedthroughexperienceandcanimprovequalityofcare.D.一方面，技能和知識是通過經(jīng)驗積累的，可以提高護理質(zhì)量。

E.Butit’snotclearthatthiswillmakemuchdifference.E.但目前還不清楚這是否會帶來很大的變化。

F.Therefore,wedecidedtoinvestigatethisissuebyanalyzingtheoutcomesofhospitalizedMedicarepatientsandtheageoftheirtreatingphysicians.F.因此，我們決定通過分析住院的醫(yī)療保險病人的結(jié)果和他們主治醫(yī)生的年齡來調(diào)查這個問題。

71.【考查點】上下文關(guān)聯(lián)。

【解題思路】文章開頭介紹了美國內(nèi)科醫(yī)學委員會要求內(nèi)科醫(yī)生每10年通過認證維護考試（MaintenanceofCertificationexams）這一政策，下文說到“將提供一種新的評估選項（newassessmentoption）”，由此可知空格處包含了一個轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系，說明原來的政策存在問題。C選項中的“However（然而）”表示轉(zhuǎn)折，并且介紹了這一政策的問題在于“給醫(yī)生帶來了很高的負擔（itshighburdentodoctors），而且缺乏合理的證據(jù)（thelackofsoundevidence）”。因此C選項“然而，這一政策最近受到了審查，因為它給醫(yī)生帶來了很高的負擔，而且缺乏合理的證據(jù)證明重新認證過程可以改善醫(yī)生的護理質(zhì)量。”正確。

72.【考查點】上下文關(guān)聯(lián)。

【解題思路】上文說到“將提供一種新的評估選項（newassessmentoption）”，下文又針對這種評估方法提出了幾個重要的問題，由此可知空格處包含了一個轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系，說明新評估方法能否發(fā)揮作用還不確定，E選項中的“But（但是）”表示轉(zhuǎn)折，同時“this（這個）”指代的是上文的“newassessment（新評估方法）”。因此E選項“但目前還不清楚這是否會帶來很大的變化?！闭_。

73.【考查點】上下文關(guān)聯(lián)。

【解題思路】下文說到“另一方面（Ontheotherhand），科學知識、技術(shù)和臨床指導(dǎo)方針變化如此頻繁”，由此可知空格處講的應(yīng)該是其他的方面，D選項中的“Ononehand（一方面）”和下文的“Ontheotherhand（另一方面）”相對應(yīng)。因此D選項“一方面，技能和知識是通過經(jīng)驗積累的，可以提高護理質(zhì)量?！闭_。

74.【考查點】上下文關(guān)聯(lián)。

【解題思路】上文說到“了解醫(yī)生的年齡（physicianage）與患者預(yù)后（patientoutcomes）之間的關(guān)系變得更加重要?！?，由此可知空格處應(yīng)該是介紹這一點的作用，B選項中的“This（這個）”指代的是上文的“了解醫(yī)生的年齡（physicianage）與患者預(yù)后（patientoutcomes）之間的關(guān)系”，其作用是“為教育年長醫(yī)生（olderphysicians）和改善臨床預(yù)后（clinicaloutcomes）的新嘗試提供信息”。因此B選項“這將有助于為教育年長醫(yī)生和改善臨床預(yù)后的新嘗試提供信息?！闭_。

75.【考查點】上下文關(guān)聯(lián)。

【解題思路】上文說到“醫(yī)生年齡和病人預(yù)后之間的關(guān)系尚未進行大規(guī)模的實證研究（hasnotbeenempiricallystudiedatalargescale）。”，指出了前人研究的不足之處，由此可知接下來應(yīng)該是提出自己目前研究的目的或假設(shè)。因此F選項“因此，我們決定通過分析住院的醫(yī)療保險病人的預(yù)后和他們主治醫(yī)生的年齡來調(diào)查這個問題。”正確。

8.單選題

Welivedinasmallvillage______ahighwayandinfestedwithheavy-dutytrucks.

問題1選項

A.adjacentto

B.attachedto

C.farfrom

D.adjourningto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項adjacentto“鄰近的，毗連的”，B項attachedto“附屬于，系于”，C項farfrom“遠離，遠非”，D項adjourningto“轉(zhuǎn)移會址，（集會人移動會場）到另一個地方”。根據(jù)句子意思“我們住在一個小村莊……高速公路和出沒的重型卡車”可知，空格處表示“毗連”符合語境。句意：我們住在一個靠近公路的小村莊，那里到處都是重型卡車。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

9.單選題

Moreoftenitisthefatherormother,andnotthechildren,（

）theresponsibilityofgenerationgap.

問題1選項

A.whotake

B.whomtake

C.whomtakes

D.whotakes

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。這是一個強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)的主語thefatherormother,andnotthechildren是人且意義上是個單數(shù)，強調(diào)人可以用who，句意為：更常見的是父親或母親而不是孩子要承擔代溝的責任。因此答案選D。

10.單選題

（）thedisappearanceoftheMayanempire,therearestillMayansintheregioninwhichtheyonceinhabited.

問題1選項

A.Although

B.As

C.But

D.For

【答案】A

【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。句意：盡管瑪雅帝國消失，但是，他們曾經(jīng)居住的地區(qū)仍然有瑪雅人。結(jié)合語境，“therearestillMayans仍然還有瑪雅人”與“disappearance消失”是對比關(guān)系，后半句是完整的句子，故A為正確答案。

11.翻譯題

Thebodieswhoplaymajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,longerframes.

【答案】這些年來，從事主要職業(yè)運動的選手們身高發(fā)生了巨大的變化，所以經(jīng)理們很愿意調(diào)整隊服，使其能夠適合越來越多大體型的人。

12.單選題

____asitwasatsuchatime,hisworkattractedmuchattention.

問題1選項

A.Beingpublished

B.Published

C.Publishing

D.Tobepublished

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.Beingpublished被發(fā)表（被動語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在分詞形式）B.Published發(fā)表（過去分詞）

C.Publishing發(fā)表（現(xiàn)在分詞）D.Tobepublished發(fā)表（不定式）

【答案】B

【考查點】倒裝強調(diào)句

【解題思路】本題考查的是as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的倒裝句用法。在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，可以將名詞、形容詞、副詞或分詞置于句首，表示強調(diào)。原句的正確語序為“Asitwas____atsuchatime,hisworkattractedmuchattention”，此處it指的是“他的作品”，根據(jù)語義，他的作品應(yīng)該是被發(fā)表，所以此處應(yīng)該使用被動語態(tài)，題干中已經(jīng)有了be動詞，因此只需填入一個過去分詞即可，B選項Published“發(fā)表（過去分詞）”符合要求。

【干擾項排除】

A選項Beingpublished“被發(fā)表（被動語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在分詞形式）”，題干中已經(jīng)有be動詞了，不需要再使用一個be動詞，另外，現(xiàn)在分詞形式表主動，語態(tài)不對；

C選項Publishing“發(fā)表（現(xiàn)在分詞）”，現(xiàn)在分詞形式表主動，語態(tài)不對；

D選項Tobepublished“發(fā)表（不定式）”，使用不定式形式，說明作品尚未發(fā)表，不符合原句語義。

【句意】盡管他的作品在這樣一個時期出版，但還是引起了很大的關(guān)注。

13.翻譯題

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.

兩年的研究表明，上網(wǎng)次數(shù)多的人與較少的人相比，即使是一周僅上網(wǎng)幾小時也會經(jīng)常地感覺到沮喪和孤獨。這不是說己經(jīng)有不良感覺的人在網(wǎng)上花費了更多的時間而是說使用英特網(wǎng)似乎確實誘發(fā)了人們的不良感覺。研究人員對這些結(jié)果困惑不解，因為這與他們的預(yù)料截然相反。他們頂測，與電視相比，從社會角度來說，上網(wǎng)可能更健康一些，因為網(wǎng)絡(luò)允許使用者選擇自己想要的信息和別人交流。

歷史記載人類進入文明社會以來的思想和行為--不管是發(fā)生在昨天，還是去年，也不管是發(fā)生在一百年前，還是甚至在一千年前。由于人不是孤單地生存的，所以歷史必然要涉及社會群體，尤其是國家和民族。正如傳記描寫個人的一生，歷史記述人類社會的興起、發(fā)展和袞亡。歷史已經(jīng)成為對某個民族的整個文化的記載，因此歷史學家需要了解這個民族的衣食住行，了解他們的社會分工、學術(shù)流派、宗教迷信和娛樂慶典。

【答案】Thetwo-yearstudyindicatedthat,comparedwithpeoplewhologgedontheInternetlessfrequently,thepeoplewhologgedonmorealsooftensufferedpressureandlonelinessevenincaseofspendingjustafewhoursaweekontheInternet.ThisisabouttheusageoftheInternetactuallyappearedtocausethepeopletohavebadfeelingsratherthanmoretimespentbywhohadalreadybadfeelings.Theresearcherswerepuzzledbytheresults,whichwerecontrarytotheirexpectations.TheyconcludedthattheInternetmaybesociallyhealthierthantelevision,becauseitallowsuserstochoosewhatinformationtheywanttocommunicatewithothers

Historyrecordsallthoughtsandactionsofmanfromthebeginningofcivilizedsociety—nomattersuchthoughtsandactionshappenedyesterdayorlastyearorahundredorathousandyearsago.Sincemandoesnotlivealone,historymustinvolvesocialgroups,especiallystatesandnations.Justasbiographydescribesindividuallife,historyrelatestherise,progressanddeclineofhumansocieties.Historybecomesanaccountoftheentirecultureofpeople,sohistoriansneedtotheirbasicnecessities,theirsocialdivisionoflabour,academicschools,religioussuperstitionsandentertainmentcelebrations.

14.單選題

I'mafraidI（

）forgotherbirthday.

問題1選項

A.pure

B.right

C.sheer

D.clean

【答案】C

【解析】副詞辨析題。A選項pure“純粹的”；B選項right“正確的”；C選項sheer“完全，徹底”；D選項clean“干凈的”。句意：我恐怕完全忘記她的生日了。選項C符合句意。

15.問答題

Thegardenistoosmallforaswimmingpool,(room)

【答案】Thereisnoroomforaswimmingpoolinthegarden.

16.單選題

Aboutone-thirdoftheadulthomelessare（

）mentallyill,andabouthalfarealcoholicorabusedrugs.

問題1選項

A.chronically

B.sparsely

C.adequately

D.individually

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。chronically意為“慢性地，習慣性地，長期地”；sparsely意為“稀疏地，節(jié)省地”；adequately意為“足夠地”；individually意為“分別地，單獨地”。

句意：大約三分之一的無家可歸的人患有慢性精神病，而且大約有一半是酗酒或吸毒的。

17.單選題

II.(EconomicLaw)

Forfourhundredyears,companylawhastriedtosolvethecoreproblemofcorporategovernance,theseparationofownershipandcontrol.InEurope,corporategovernancedidnotbecomearesearchdisciplineofitsownbeforetheendofthelastmillennium.Theanalysisofthefunctioningofmanagementandcontrolunderdistinctboardmodelswasthestartingpointandstillisoneofthemostimportantfieldsoftheincreasinglycomparativeandinterdisciplinaryresearchagenda.ThehistoryoftheVerenigdeOostindischeCorapagnie(V.O.C.)impressivelyillustratesearlyproblemsofcompanylaw.Itsevolutionestablishedthefirstinstitutionalsupervisorystructure.TheV.O.C.goesbacktoamergeroftheearlycompanies,theVoorcompagnieen.Muchlikemodernbusinessamalgamations,itwassoughttoimprovethemarketpositionagainstcompetitors.ManyoftheV.O.C.’sfeaturesarestillcharacteristicformoderncompanies.

Withitsincorporationin1602,theV.O.C.hadaninternalstructurecomparabletowhatwedescribetodayasaone-tierboardmodel.Theboardofseventeendirectors,electedbythegovernorsofthesixchambers,haduniversalmanagementpowerandactednearlyfreefromanyinterferencebyminorityshareholders.Theboarddevelopedthebusinessstrategy,settheshippingroutes,andissuedresolutionsthatwerebindingforthechambers.Inthecourseoffurtherbusinessexpansionin1648,anexecutivecommitteeoftheboard(TheHagueCommittee)helpedtoorganizetheworkofthedirectors.Committeesformedforaccountingorspecificbusinessmatters,werealsofoundatthechamberlevel.

Themajorgovernanceproblemresultedthelackofadefinitionofdirectors’dutiesasanalignmentofdecisionmakingandthecompany’sinterest.Thegovernors—themerchantsandownersoftheearlycompanies—wereunawarethatanentitywithitsowninteresthademergedastheycontinuedtomanagetheV.O.C.inthewaytheyhadmanagedtheirearlycompanies.Inparticular,thegovernors’righttopriorpurchaseturnedouttobeunfortunate,leadingtoanearlyformofwhatwetodaycallself-dealing.Withtheseconddashofregulationin1623,thelicensewaschangedandthegovernorswerepermittedtobuyfromthecompanyonlyinpublicauctionsunderthesameconditionsasanyoneelse.Further,theywereallowedtosupplythecompanyonlyiftheyhadbeengrantedalicensetodoso.Themajorchangeintheinternalstructurecamewiththeintroductionofthecommitteeofninein1623,whichcanbedescribedasanearlyformofthemodernsupervisoryboard.

KlausJ.Hopt,PatrickC.Leyens:“BoardModelsinEurope—RecentDevelopmentsofInternalCorporateGovernanceStructuresinGermany,theUnitedKingdom,France,andItaly”

55.Inthe17thcentury,theboardofseventeendirectorshaduniversalmanagementpowertodothefollowingexcept___.

56.Fromthefirstparagraph,onecanknowthat___.

57.Thewordwhichcanbestreplacetheword“alignment”intheunderlinedsentenceis___.

58.WhichofthefollowingdidNOThappenin1623?

問題1選項

A.developingthebusinessstrategy

B.decidingwhichwaytotakefortheshipping

C.helpingtoorganizetheworkofthechambers

D.issuingresolutionsthatwerebindingforthechambers

問題2選項

A.thestartingpointoftheresearchwastheanalysisofthefunctioningofmanagementandcontrolunderdistinctboardmodels

B.corporategovernancewasaresearchdisciplineofitsownintheearly1900’s

C.mergeroftheearlycompanieswassoughttoimprovethecompetitors

D.thehistoryoftheVerenigdeOostindischeCorapagnie(V.O.C.)wasveryimpressive

問題3選項

A.grouping

B.association

C.arrangement

D.coalition

問題4選項

A.Governorswerepermittedtobuyfromthecompanyonlyinpublicauctionsunderthesameconditions.

B.Thecommitteeofninewasintroducedwithinternalstructure.

C.Governorswerenotallowedtosupplythecompanyiftheyhadnotbeengrantedalicensetodoso.

D.Quitesomeregulationsweremade.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】55.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段Theboarddevelopedthebusinessstrategy,settheshippingroutes,andissuedresolutionsthatwerebindingforthechambers.（董事會制定了商業(yè)戰(zhàn)略，制定了航運路線，并發(fā)布了對商會有約束力的決議）可知C選項“幫助組織商會的工作”未提及；A選項“制定商業(yè)策略”，B選項“決定用哪種方式裝運”以及D選項“發(fā)布對商會有約束力的決議”符合原文。因此C選項符合題意。

56.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字定位到第一段InEurope,corporategovernancedidnotbecomearesearchdisciplineofitsownbeforetheendofthelastmillennium.Theanalysisofthefunctioningofmanagementandcontrolunderdistinctboardmodelswasthestartingpointandstillisoneofthemostimportantfieldsoftheincreasinglycomparativeandinterdisciplinaryresearchagenda.（在20世紀前，歐洲的企業(yè)治理并沒有形成自己的研究學科。在不同的董事會模式下，對管理和控制功能的分析是研究的起點，并且仍然是比較和跨學科研究議程中最重要的領(lǐng)域之一）可知選A選項“本研究的出發(fā)點是分析不同董事會模式下的管理和控制功能”，同時可知B選項“公司治理在20世紀早期是一門獨立的研究學科”錯誤；第一段TheV.O.C.goesbacktoamergeroftheearlycompanies,theVoorcompagnieen.Muchlikemodernbusinessamalgamations,itwassoughttoimprovethemarketpositionagainstcompetitors.（V.O.C.可追溯到早期公司Voorcompagnieen的合并。與現(xiàn)代企業(yè)合并非常相似，其目的是提高相對于競爭對手的市場地位）可知C選項“早期公司的合并是為了改善競爭對手”錯誤；第二段ThehistoryoftheVerenigdeOostindischeCorapagnie(V.O.C.)impressivelyillustratesearlyproblemsofcompanylaw.（VerenigdeOostindischeCorapagnie的歷史深刻地說明了早期的公司法問題）可知不是V.O.C.的歷史非常令人印象深刻，而是V.O.C.的歷史深刻地說明一些問題，D選項“VerenigdeOostindischeCorapagnie的歷史非常令人印象深刻”錯誤。因此A選項正確。

57.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】詞義辨析題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“alignment”定位到原文Themajorgovernanceproblemresultedthelackofadefinitionofdirectors’dutiesasanalignmentofdecisionmakingandthecompany’sinterest.（主要的管治問題導(dǎo)致缺乏對董事職責的定義，將其界定為決策與公司利益的結(jié)合）可知alignment在本句表示“結(jié)合，結(jié)盟”；A選項“分組，分類”，B選項“協(xié)會，社團；聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想”；C選項“布置；整理；準備；安排”；D選項“聯(lián)合；結(jié)合，合并”。因此D選項正確。

58.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“1623”可以定位到原文最后一段Withtheseconddashofregulationin1623,thelicensewaschangedandthegovernorswerepermittedtobuyfromthecompanyonlyinpublicauctionsunderthesameconditionsasanyoneelse.（1623年的第二次監(jiān)管改變了許可，州長只能在公開拍賣的情況下從公司購買，條件和其他人一樣）可知A選項“州長只能在相同條件下通過公開拍賣從公司購買”符合原文；最后一句Themajorchangeintheinternalstructurecamewiththeintroductionofthecommitteeofninein1623,whichcanbedescribedasanearlyformofthemodernsupervisoryboard.（1623年，九人委員會成立，這是現(xiàn)代監(jiān)事會的早期形式，是監(jiān)事會內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的主要變化）可知B選項“九人委員會引入了內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)”符合原文；最后一段Further,theywereallowedtosupplythecompanyonlyiftheyhadbeengrantedalicensetodoso.（此外，只有在獲得許可的情況下，他們（指州長們）才被允許向公司供貨）可知C選項“州長不允許供應(yīng)公司，如果他們沒有被授予許可證這樣做”符合原文；根據(jù)原文和排除法可知D選項“相當多的規(guī)則被制定”和原文相悖。因此D選項符合題意。

18.單選題

Youmustpackplentyoffoodforthejourney.（）,youwillneedwarmclothes,sopackthemtoo.

問題1選項

A.Equally

B.Incidentally

C.Inevitably

D.Likewise

【答案】D

【解析】語法知識。Equally相等地，Incidentally偶然地，Inevitably不可避免地，Likewise同樣地。句意：你必須帶上足夠的食物去旅行，你還需要暖和的衣服，所以也要一起打包。句子為并列關(guān)系，所以選項D符合語境。

19.單選題

InmostearthquakestheEarth’scrustcrackslikeporcelain.Stressbuildsupuntilafractureformsatthedepthofafewkilometersandthecrustslipstorelievethestress.Someearthquakes,however,takeplacehundredsofkilo?metersdownintheEarth'smantle,wherehighpressuremakesrocksoductilethatitflowsinsteadofcracking,evenunderstresssevereenoughtodeformitlikeputty.Howcantherebeearthquakesatsuchdepths?

Thatsuchdeepeventsdooccurhasbeenacceptedonlysince1927,whentheseismologistKiyooWadaticon?vincinglydemonstratedtheirexistence.Insteadofcomparingthearrivaltimesofseismicwavesatdifferentlocations,asearlierresearchershaddone,Wadatireliedonalimedifferencebetweenthearrivalofprimary(P)wavesandtheslowersecondary(S)waves.BecausePandSwavestravelatdifferentbutfairlyconstantspeeds;theintervalbe?tweentheirarrivalsincreasesinproportiontothedistancefromtheearthquakefocus，orarupturepoint.

Formostearthquakes,Wadatidiscovered,theintervalwasquiteshortneartheepicenter,thepointonthesur?facewhereshakingisthestrongestforafewevents,however,thedelaywaslongenoughattheepicenter.Wadatisawasimilarpatternwhenheanalyzeddataontheintensityofshaking.Mostearthquakeshadasmallareaofintenseshaking,whichweakenedrapidlywithincreasingdistancefromtheepicenter,butotherswerecharacterizedbyalow?erpeakintensity,feltoverabroaderarea.BoththeP-Sintervalsandtheintensitypatternssuggestedtwokindsofearthquakes:themorecommonshallowevents,inwhichthefocuslayjustundertheepicenter,andthedeepevents,withafocusseveralhundredkilometersdown.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatiftheSwavesfromanearthquakearriveatagivenlocationlongaf?terthePwaves,whichofthefollowingmustbetrue?

3.Thepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingmusttakeplaceinorderforanyearthquaketooccur?

4.Theauthor’sexplanationofhowdeepeventsoccurwouldbemos