考研考博-英語(yǔ)-呼和浩特民族學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-呼和浩特民族學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

I’mafraidourfoodstockwillbe___beforelong.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.putup

B.stayedup

C.savedup

D.usedup

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)putup“提供；建造；舉起；提高；推舉，提名；供給……住宿；直接行動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)stayedup“不睡覺(jué)，熬夜”；C選項(xiàng)savedup“儲(chǔ)蓄；貯存”；D選項(xiàng)usedup“用完，耗盡”。句意：恐怕我們的食物儲(chǔ)備不久就會(huì)___。本句表達(dá)“不久就會(huì)用完事物”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Ifyou（）caretoseethepictures,I’llbringthemroundsomeevening.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.should

B.would

C.will

D.can

【答案】B

【解析】考查if引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句，主句應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)“wouldyoucareto...”表示“（禮貌問(wèn)語(yǔ)）您喜歡，您愿意”，是一種委婉征求意見(jiàn)的方式。因此，排除其他選項(xiàng)，本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

Thereisnoreasontoinsultand（

）themansimplybecauseyoudonotagreewithhim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.depict

B.enervate

C.distort

D.defame

【答案】D

【解析】depict描述，描畫(huà)；enervate使衰弱，使失去活力；distort扭曲，變形；defame誹謗，中傷。句意：如果僅僅是因?yàn)槟悴煌馑挠^點(diǎn)，那么你沒(méi)有理由侮辱和詆毀他。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

4.單選題

Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,aftertheirfirstrapiddevelopmentattheculminationofGreekcivilization,advancedsoslowlyfortwothousandyearsandwhyinthefollowingtwohundredyearsaknowledgeofnaturalandmathematicalsciencehasaccumulated,whichsovastlyexceedsallthatwaspreviouslyknownthatthesesciencesmaybejustlyregardedastheproductsofourowntimes—arequestionwhichhaveinterestedthemodemphilosophernotlessthantheobjectswithwhichthesesciencesaremoreimmediatelyconversant.Wasittheemploymentofanewmethodofresearch,orintheexerciseofgreatervirtueintheuseoftheoldmethods,thatthissingularmodemphenomenonhaditsorigin?Wasthelongperiodoneofarresteddevelopment,andisthemodemeraoneofnormalgrowth?Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents—totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?

Theexplanationwhichhasbecomecommonplace,thattheancientsemployeddeductionchieflyintheirscientificinquiries,whilethemodemsemployinduction,provestobetoonarrow,andfailsuponcloseexaminationtopointwithsufficientdistinctnessthecontrastthatisevidentbetweenancientandmodemscientificdoctrinesandinquiries.Forallknowledgeisfoundedonobservation,andproceedsfromthisbyanalysis,bysynthesisandanalysis,byinductionanddeduction,andifpossiblebyverification,orbynewappealstoobservationundertheguidanceofdeduction—bystepswhichareindeedcorrelativepartsofonemethod;andtheancientsciencesaffordexamplesofeveryoneofthesemethods,orpartsofonemethod,whichhavebeengeneralizedfromtheexamplesofscience.

Afailuretoemployortoemployadequatelyanyoneofthesepartialmethods,animperfectionintheartsandresourcesofobservationandexperiment,carelessnessinobservation,neglectofrelevantfacts,byappealtoexperimentandobservationthesearethefaultswhichcauseallfailurestoascertaintruth,whetheramongtheancientsorthemodems;butthisstatementdoesnotexplainwhythemodemispossessedofagreatervirtue,andbywhatmeansheattainedhissuperiority.Muchlessdoesexplainthesuddengrowthofscienceinrecenttimes.

Theattempttodiscovertheexplanationofthisphenomenonintheantithesisof“facts”and“theories”or“facts”and“ideas”—intheneglectamongtheancientsoftheformer,andtheirtooexclusiveattentiontothelatter—provesalsotobetoonarrow,aswellasopentothechargeofvagueness.Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinatespecies.Theories,iftrue,arefacts—aparticular,classoffactsindeed,generallycomplex,andifalogicalconnectionsubsistsbetweentheirconstituents,haveallthepositiveattributesoftheories.

Nevertheless,thisdistinction,howeverinadequateitmaybetoexplainthesourceoftruemethodinscience,iswellfounded,andconnotesanimportantcharacterintruemethod.Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,ariddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.

1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,onepossiblereasonforthegrowthofscienceduringthedaysoftheancientGreeksandinmodemtimesis

（

）.

3.Thedifferencebetween“fact”andtheory”

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,mathematicsis（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Philosophyofmathematics

B.TheRecentGrowthinScience

C.TheVerificationofFacts

D.MethodsofScientificInquiry

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesimilaritybetweenthetwoperiods

B.thatitwasanactofGod

C.thatbothtriedtodeveloptheinductivemethod

D.duetothedeclineofthedeductivemethod

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.isthatthelatterneedsconfirmation

B.restsonthesimplicityoftheformer

C.isthedifferencebetweenthemodemscientistsandtheancientGreeks

D.helpsustounderstandthedeductivemethod

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.aninductivescience

B.nneedofsimpleverification

C.adeductivescience

D.basedonfactandtheory.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要是在對(duì)為什么從希臘文化頂峰時(shí)期后兩千年來(lái)歸納法和數(shù)學(xué)科學(xué)發(fā)展如此緩慢，而后的兩百年又超越了前人這一問(wèn)題進(jìn)行科學(xué)探究，所以D選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)探究的方法”適合做文章標(biāo)題。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents—totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?’’或去我們是否點(diǎn)當(dāng)把兩個(gè)階段的特點(diǎn)歸因于所謂的歷史的偶然性---歸因于客觀環(huán)境結(jié)合的影響。這一點(diǎn)除非以指導(dǎo)一切的上帝的智慧和無(wú)限權(quán)利來(lái)解釋?zhuān)駝t難以說(shuō)清楚?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)‘這是上帝的行為’正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章最后三句“Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,ariddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.”“事實(shí)是一個(gè)提議。而理論，若是真理論，就有事實(shí)的一切特性（除非其證實(shí)只能通過(guò)非直接的，遙遠(yuǎn)的和困難的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)），把理論轉(zhuǎn)成事實(shí)必須用簡(jiǎn)單的證實(shí)，理論因此具有事實(shí)的一切特性?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“后者需要證實(shí)”是事實(shí)和理論之間的區(qū)別。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一句話“Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences...”可以推斷出數(shù)學(xué)不是inductivescience，排除A選項(xiàng)；根據(jù)上一題可知需要簡(jiǎn)單證實(shí)的是理論，排除B選項(xiàng)；D選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)基于理論和事實(shí)”這一觀點(diǎn)沒(méi)有在文章中體現(xiàn)，排除；所以通過(guò)排除法得出C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Idon’tsmokenow,butIused（

）whenIwasyoung.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.todo

C.toit

D.todoingit

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我現(xiàn)在不抽煙了，但是我年輕的時(shí)候常常抽煙。

固定搭配。usedtodo過(guò)去常常;be/getusedtosth./doingsth.習(xí)慣于…。因此B符合句意。

6.單選題

Apasser-bywasquickenoughto（）thefallingchildanddrewhimoutthepathofalorry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.putaway

B.liftedup

C.grabbedat

D.soughtafter

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。putaway收拾；放好；liftedup升起；舉起；鼓舞；grabbedat抓住，抓牢；soughtafter找尋，探索。句意：一個(gè)過(guò)路人很快地抓住了那個(gè)摔倒的孩子，把他拖出了卡車(chē)的軌道。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.單選題

Thesolutionworksonlyforcoupleswhoareself-employed,don'thavesmallchildrenandgetalong（

）tospendmostoftheirtimetogether.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.toowell

B.sowell

C.wellas

D.wellenough

【答案】D

【解析】詞組辨析題。toowell“太多；太好”，其在這里與空格后的to構(gòu)成toowelltodosth.“太好而不能做某事的搭配，這與句意不符；sowell“這么好；如此……以至”，需要后接to引導(dǎo)的不定式時(shí)，—般用sowellastodosth.“好的如此以至去做某事”；沒(méi)有wellas的短語(yǔ)，一般有aswellas“也；和…….一樣”的詞組；wellenough“很好，很健康，還可以，好到”，其在這里與空格后的to構(gòu)成wellenoughtodosth.“足夠去做某事”的短語(yǔ)。根據(jù)“tospendmostoftheirtimetogether度過(guò)他們的大部分時(shí)間”以及詞組確定句意是‘這種解決方案只適用于個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)、沒(méi)有小孩且能和睦相處地一起度過(guò)他們的大部分時(shí)間的夫妻。’所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

There'sonegirlatmyschoolwhoeverybody_______becauseshedoesn'twearwhateverybodyelsewears;theyarehorribletoher.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.picksout

B.picksover

C.pickson

D.picksoff

【答案】C

【解析】pickout挑選；pickover仔細(xì)檢查……以便選出優(yōu)品（或剔除劣品）；pickon作弄，挑剔；pickoff摘掉。句意：我們學(xué)校有一個(gè)女孩，每個(gè)人都欺負(fù)她，因?yàn)樗┑暮痛蠹也灰粯?；大家都討厭她。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

9.單選題

Thegovernment’s（）istomakeupchieflyofthemoneywepayintaxes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tariff

B.duty

C.revenue

D.tax

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。tariff“關(guān)稅”；duty“稅收”；revenue“稅收收入”；tax“稅金”。句意：政府的財(cái)政收入主要來(lái)源于我們的稅收。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

Thenewcolleague（）tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporation’sbeforehejoinedourcompany.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confesses

B.declares

C.claims

D.confirms

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)confess表示“坦白；承認(rèn)；供認(rèn)”，B選項(xiàng)declare表示“宣布，申明，宣稱(chēng)”，D選項(xiàng)confirm表示“確認(rèn)，確定，核實(shí)”，C選項(xiàng)claim表示“宣稱(chēng)，要求，索賠”。由句意可知，新同事宣稱(chēng)，他進(jìn)入我們公司之前，在一些大公司里工作過(guò)。空缺處單詞需與介詞to構(gòu)成搭配，因此本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Inmanaginginformationresources,themediummaybethekeytoaneffectivesystem.Themediumisavehicle,atool,oracontainerforholdinginformation;theinformationitselfisthethingofvalue.

Threepopularcategoriesofinformationmediaarepaper,film，andelectronicstoragedevices.Themediachoicemustnotbeviewedasachoiceamongthesethree,however;itmustbeviewedasanopportunitytoselectfromamultitudeofmediapossibilitiesincombinationsthatbuildeffectivesystems.Inmanyinstancesthepersonresponsibleforinformation-resourcemanagementisnotthepersonwhodeterminesthemediuminwhichinformationwillbecreated.Insuchacase,themanagerofafirm’sinformationresourcesfacesachallengeinmakingasignificantcontributiontotheorganization’sobjectives.

Foreffectivemanagementofinformationresources,mediaconversionmaybenecessary.Examplesincludekeyingorscanningpaperdocumentstoconvertthemtoelectronicmedia.Otherprocessesconvertelectronicmediafromoneformattoanother.Forexample,diskfilescreatedononesystemmaynotbecompatiblewithanothersystem.Varioushardwareandsoftwarecombinationscanbeusedtoconvertfilestoformatsthatequipmentwillaccept.Forinformationgeneratedwithinorganizations,thisnecessityofmakingsystemscompatiblemaybeeliminatedbycooperativeplanning.However,verylittlecontrolcanbeexercisedoverthemediausedtogenerateinformationthatcomestoyourorganizationfromtheoutside.

Themediumforinformationmaybeselectedtosatisfyaneedthatexistswheninformationiscreatedandcommunicated.Forexample,apaperrecordmaybecreatedbecauseofitsportabilityandbecausenospecialequipmentisnecessaryforlaterreferencestothatinformation;electronictransmissionmaybeselectedbecauseitisthefastestmeansofcommunicatinginformation.Afirmmayuseelectronicmailbecauseanetworkalreadyexistsforon-linecomputercommunication.Theadditionalapplicationmaycostlessthanpostagetomailpapermemo.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?

2.Thefirstparagraphaimsattellingthereader（）

3.Accordingtotheauthor,（）

4.Foreffectivemanagementofinformationresources,themanagershould（）

5.Themainideaofthelastparagraphis（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.MediaSelectioninManagingInformationResources.

B.TheImportanceandNecessityofMediaConversion.

C.ThreeCategoriesofInformationMedia.

D.VariousMeansofCommunicatingInformation.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theimportanceofinformationresourcesmanagement

B.therelationshipbetweenthemediumandinformation

C.thegreatvarietyofmediaforholdinginformation

D.thenumerousresourcesofinformation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.paperisthebeststoragedevice

B.peoplehavethreechoicesinselectinginformationmedium

C.itisbettertoletthepersonresponsibleforinformation-resourcemanagementdeterminethemedium

D.themanagershouldbuildaneffectivesystembyselectingagoodcombinationofdifferentmedia

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.convertallpaperdocumentstoelectronicmedia

B.makemediaconversionwhennecessary

C.controlthemediausedtogenerateinformationbothinsideandoutsidehisorganization

D.useoneformatinprocessinginformation

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.paperrecordisthemostconvenientmediumforlaterreference

B.electronicmailcostslessthanpostagetomailpapermemos

C.differentmediaforinformationmaybeselectedfordifferentpurposes

D.byusingdifferentmedia，afirmcancreatevariousinformationforitsobjectives

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文主要是講信息資源管理中的媒介選擇。選項(xiàng)A正確，其余選項(xiàng)都是片面的觀點(diǎn)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知：媒介是一種承載信息的載體、工具或容器；信息本身就是有價(jià)值的東西。所以本段主要是講媒體與信息之間的關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Themediachoice...thatbuildeffectivesystems.”媒體的選擇不能被視為這三種選擇之一；它必須被視為一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，從眾多的媒體選擇的可能性組合，以建立有效的系統(tǒng)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Foreffectivemanagementofinformationresources,mediaconversionmaybenecessary.”為了有效地管理信息資源，可能需要進(jìn)行媒體轉(zhuǎn)換。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“Themediumforinformationmaybeselectedtosatisfyaneedthatexistswheninformationiscreatedandcommunicated.”信息媒體可能被選擇，以滿足在創(chuàng)建和傳播信息時(shí)存在的需要。也就是說(shuō)不同信息媒體的選擇是出于不同的目的。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

12.單選題

Nomatterhowfrequently（）,theworksofBeethovenalwaysattractlargeaudience.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.performed

B.performing

C.tobeperformed

D.beingperformed

【答案】A

【解析】考查分詞用法。nomatterhow引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，后接形容詞、分詞或副詞，表示“不管怎樣，無(wú)論如何”。本題中動(dòng)詞“perform”的邏輯主語(yǔ)是“theworksofBeethoven”，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即“貝多芬的作品被演奏”，因而要用過(guò)去分詞。例如：Nomatterhowoftenrepeated，therumorisnottrue。（謠言無(wú)論被重復(fù)多少次也不是真的。）選項(xiàng)D用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)，故D選項(xiàng)不對(duì)。所以本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。句意：盡管貝多芬的作品經(jīng)常被演奏，它們還是吸引大批聽(tīng)眾。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

13.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassageintoChinese

Whathopesandfearsdoesthescientificmethodimplyformankind?Idonotthinkthatthisistherightwaytoputthequestion.Whateverthistoolinthehandofmenwillproducedependsentirelyonthenatureofthegoalsaliveinthismankind.Oncethesegoalsexist,thescientificmethodfurnishesmeanstorealizethem.Yetitcannotfurnishtheverygoals.Thescientificmethoditselfwouldnothaveledanywhere.Itwouldnotevenhavebeenbornwithoutapassionatestrivingforclearunderstanding.

Perceptionofmeansandconfusionofgoalsseem,inmyopinion,tocharacterizeourage,ifwedesiresincerelyandpassionatelythesafety,thewelfareandthefreedevelopmentofthetalentsofallmen,weshallnotbeinwantofthemeanstoapproachsuchastate.Evenifonlyasmallpartofmankindstrivesforsuchgoals,theirsuperioritywillproveitselfinthelongrun.

Followingdifferentapproaches:a19th-centuryRussianPhysiologist(I.M.Sechenov),theU.S.founderofthebehavioristschoolofpsychology(J.R.Watson),anda20th-centurySwissdevelopmentalpsychologist(Piaget)allarrivedattheconclusionthattheactivitiesthatserveaselementsofthinkingareinternalizedoffractionalversionsofmotorresponses;thatis,theelementsareconsideredtobeattenuatedorcurtailedvariantsofneuromuscularprocessesthat,iftheywerenotsubjectedtopartialinhibition,wouldgiverisetovisiblebodilymovements.

【答案】

科學(xué)方法為人類(lèi)隱含著什么希望和恐懼呢？我認(rèn)為這樣提出這個(gè)問(wèn)題是不恰當(dāng)?shù)?。人?lèi)使用手中的工具生產(chǎn)出什么完全取決于人類(lèi)存在的目標(biāo)的本質(zhì)。一旦這些目標(biāo)存在，科學(xué)方法提供手段來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)它們。但是不能提供目標(biāo)本身?？茖W(xué)方法本身不能產(chǎn)生任何影響。而且，只有充滿激情地去努力尋找正確的理解科學(xué)方法才會(huì)產(chǎn)生。

在我看來(lái)，對(duì)于方法的感知和目標(biāo)的困惑看起來(lái)是我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的特征。如果我們真心實(shí)意并且熱情地希望整個(gè)人類(lèi)能夠生活在一個(gè)安全、好福利并且自由發(fā)展的社會(huì)，我們就不會(huì)缺少達(dá)到這個(gè)目標(biāo)的方法。即使只有少部分人追求這個(gè)目標(biāo)，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，它們的優(yōu)勢(shì)將會(huì)被證明。

19世紀(jì)俄國(guó)生理學(xué)家（謝東諾夫）、美國(guó)行為主義心理學(xué)派創(chuàng)始人（華生）與20世紀(jì)瑞士發(fā)展心理學(xué)家（皮亞杰）采用不同的方法，得出了同樣的結(jié)論，那就是充當(dāng)思考要素的行為是內(nèi)化的或者微小的運(yùn)動(dòng)反應(yīng)，也就是說(shuō)這些要素被認(rèn)為是神經(jīng)肌肉過(guò)程的縮小體，如果它們沒(méi)有受到部分抑制，會(huì)產(chǎn)生可見(jiàn)的身體運(yùn)動(dòng)。

14.單選題

Ifyoudivide7by3,youhave1（

）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.leftover

B.leftout

C.leftoff

D.leftabout

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。leftover“剩下，遺留”；leftout“被遺忘，忽略”；leftoff“停止，中斷”；leftabout“亂丟，亂放”。句意：七除以三還余一。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

15.單選題

Theoverwhelmingmajorityofpeasantcommunicationswereoralinnatureinasocietythatwasstilllargely______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.explicit

B.contradictory

C.illiterate

D.momentous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)explicit“（說(shuō)話）清晰的，明確的”；B選項(xiàng)contradictory“相互矛盾的”；C選項(xiàng)illiterate“文盲的，不識(shí)字的”；D選項(xiàng)momentous“關(guān)鍵的，重要的”。句意：絕大多數(shù)的農(nóng)民交流都是口頭的，當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)很大程度上是______。在當(dāng)時(shí)那個(gè)社會(huì)，大多數(shù)農(nóng)民用口頭交流，而不用文字，C選項(xiàng)illiterate“文盲的，不識(shí)字的”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Themagicianpickedseveralpersons（）fromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelphimwiththeperformance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.byaccident

B.atrandom

C.onoccasion

D.onaverage

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組。A:byaccident“偶然”；B:atrandom“隨機(jī)”；C:onoccasion“有時(shí)；間或”；D:onaverage“平均起來(lái)”。句意：魔術(shù)師從觀眾中胡亂挑選了幾個(gè)人，請(qǐng)他們幫助他進(jìn)行表演。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和句意，B最合適。

17.單選題

Ifmyapplicationforthescholarship（

）,（

）ImyeducationintheStatesnow.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wasaccepted/cancontinue

B.hasbeenaccepted/havebeencontinuing

C.hadbeenaccepted/couldhavecontinued

D.accepts/willhavecontinued

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)句意可知這里是對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句用would/should/could+havedone，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

18.單選題

Nowadaysalargenumberofpeoplebuy______Christmastreesinsteadofrealones.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.false

B.fake

C.sham

D.artificial

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)false“錯(cuò)誤的”，指因缺失而補(bǔ)上的替代物，有時(shí)也指?jìng)窝b的；B選項(xiàng)fake“假的”，指沒(méi)有價(jià)值的冒牌貨或代用品；C選項(xiàng)sham“假裝的”，指可以以假亂真的東西；D選項(xiàng)artificial“仿造的”，指模仿天然材料由人工制造的東西。句意：現(xiàn)在很多人買(mǎi)人造圣誕樹(shù)而不是真的圣誕樹(shù)。本句表示人造的圣誕樹(shù)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Youwillhavetoworkhardto（

）

thetimeyoulost.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.makeuseof

B.makeupfor

C.makewayof

D.makeroomfor

【答案】B

【解析】makeuseof利用；makeupfor彌補(bǔ),補(bǔ)償；makewayfor讓路,為...開(kāi)路；makeroomfor為...騰出空位。句意:你必須努力工作來(lái)彌補(bǔ)你失去的時(shí)間。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

20.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Sociologyisdefinedasthestudyofhumangroups.Inthebroadestsense,sociologyisconcernedwithunderstandingpatternsofhumanrelationships,theircausesandtheireffects.Unlikepsychology,sociologydoesnotattempttoexplainthebehaviorofaparticularindividualundercertaincircumstances.Rather,sociologyfocusesonsocialtrendsorotherinfluencesthataffectwholegroupsorcategoriesofpeople.Thus,whileapsychologistmightcounselanindividualwhofeelsworthlessafterretiringfromalongandsuccessfulcareer,asociologistwouldbemorelikelytoexaminesocietalattitudesthatmaycontributetothelossofself-esteemexperiencedbymanyretiredpersonsinoursociety.

TheemphasisthatsociologyplacesonhumangroupsratherthanindividualsstemsdirectlyfromtheworkofEmileDurkheim,apioneeringsociologistofthenineteenthcentury.Durkheimlikenedthenatureofasocialgrouptobronze,auniquemetalthatisformedwhenthemetalstin,copper,andleadaremeltedandmixedtogether.Durkheimnotedthatbronzeismuchharderthananyofitscomponentmetals.Inthesameway,hereasoned,thecharacteristicsofasocialgroupviewedasawholecannotbedeterminedsimplybyexaminingthecharacteristicsofitsindividualmembers.Norcanindividualsbeunderstoodstrictlyintermsoftheindividualsthemselves;whenpeoplecometogetherasmembersofaparticulargroup,thegroupexertsconsiderablepressureontheindividualtoconformtowhatitconsidersacceptablewaysofthinking,feeling,andbehaving.Besidesdevelopingatheoreticalfoundationforthestudyofsocialgroups,Durkheimalsoconductedresearchdesignedtocorroboratehistheoreticalwork.Usinglandmarkresearchmethods,Durkheimcollectedandanalyzeddatafromanumberofcountriesthatkeptrecordsonsuicides.

Hewantedtoshowthatsocialenvironmentmayhaveaprofoundeffectevenonthosebehaviorsweconsidermostpersonal.Theresultsofhisstudyshowedthatsuicideratesdoindeedvaryaccordingtospecificsocialcharacteristics.

Forexample,Durkheimfoundthatmembersofreligionswithstrongprohibitionsagainstsuicidearelesslikelytocommitsuicidethanaremembersofreligiousgroupswithweakerprohibitions.Healsofoundalowerincidenceofsuicideamongmarriedpersonsthanamongpersonswhoweresingleordivorced.Takentogether,thefindingsofDurkheim’sstudyprovidedconvincingevidencethatsocialgroupsdoindeedexertpressuresthatcontrolorregulatethebehaviorofindividuals,includingdeeplypersonalbehaviors.

Durkheim’srigorousresearchmethodscapturedtheattentionofsociologistsaroundtheworld,andwereperhapsevenmoreimportanttothefuturedevelopmentofsociologythananyspecificresearchresultscouldbe.Withinashorttime,hisspecificapproachtoformulatingandtestingsocialtheorybecameamodelthatguidedtheworkofnearlyallsociologists.ThisassuredEmileDurkheimalastingplaceasoneofthekeyfiguresinthehistoryofsociology.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaoftheselection?

2.Thewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthisselectionisto（）.

3.Accordingtotheselection,howdosociologistsandpsychologistsdiffer?

4.Incomparingsocialgroupstobronze,Durkheimwishedtoillustratetheideathat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinesthewordmodelasitisusedinthelastparagraphoftheselection?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.BoththesocialgrouptheoryandthescientificresearchmethodsdevelopedbyDurkheimhavecontributedmuchtothefieldofsociology.

B.Durkheimbelievedthatindividualmembersofagroupstronglyinfluencethegroup’swaysofthinking,feeling,andbehaving.

C.TheresearchstudyconductedbyDurkheimprovidedstrongevidencethatsuicideratesvaryamongmembersofdifferentsocialgroups.

D.Throughhisresearch,Durkheimmadegreatstridesindistinguishingsociologyfrompsychology.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.outlinethestepsDurkheimfollowedinconductinghisresearchstudy

B.describethewaysinwhichDurkheim’sworkhasinfluencedsociology

C.persuadethereaderthatsocialgroupscontrolmostofthebehaviorsoftheirindividualmembers

D.explainthedifferencesbetweensociologyandpsychology

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Sociologistsaremoreconcernedwithexplainingbehaviorthanpsychologists.

B.Psychologistsfocusmoreonindividualsthandosociologists.

C.Sociologistsspendmoretimehelpingpeoplesolvetheirproblemsthandopsychologists.

D.Psychologistsaremoreinterestedinunderstandingpatternsofhumanrelationshipsthanaresociologists.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.asocialgrouphascharacteristicsthatdifferfromthoseofitsindividualmembers

B.socialgroupsaremadeupofthreemajorcomponentpartsactingtogether

C.eachsocialgroupisauniqueentitythatisunlikeanyothersocialgroup

D.socialgroupsareextremelydifficulttobreakapartoncetheyhavebeenformed

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Oneoftwoormorealternativestyles

B.Anartist’ssubject

C.Asmallcopyofanobject

D.Aplantobeimitated

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章第一段sociologyfocusesonsocialtrendsorotherinfluencesthataffectwholegroupsorcategoriesofpeople.“社會(huì)學(xué)關(guān)注社會(huì)趨勢(shì)或影響整個(gè)群體或人群類(lèi)別的其他影響。”主要講述社會(huì)群體理論，文章最后一段Durkheim’srigorousresearchmethodscapturedtheattentionofsociologistsaroundtheworld“迪爾凱姆嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)难芯糠椒ㄒ鹆巳澜缟鐣?huì)學(xué)家的注意”提及迪爾凱姆社會(huì)學(xué)的研究方法，所以A選項(xiàng)“迪爾凱姆的社會(huì)群體理論和科學(xué)的研究方法為社會(huì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)?！北磉_(dá)了選文的主要思想。B選項(xiàng)“迪爾凱姆認(rèn)為，一個(gè)群體中的個(gè)體成員強(qiáng)烈地影響著這個(gè)群體的思維、感受和行為方式。”文中介紹是群體影響個(gè)人而不是個(gè)體影響群體；C選項(xiàng)“迪爾凱姆進(jìn)行的這項(xiàng)研究提供了強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)，證明不同社會(huì)群體成員的自殺率各不相同。”只是個(gè)別舉例并不能以偏概全；D選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)他的研究，迪爾凱姆在區(qū)分社會(huì)學(xué)和心理學(xué)方面取得了很大的進(jìn)步?！钡蠣杽P姆的研究并不是為了證明社會(huì)學(xué)與心理學(xué)的區(qū)別。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:主旨大意題。由上一題可知文章的主要思想是“迪爾凱姆的社會(huì)群體理論和科學(xué)的研究方法為社會(huì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)”，作者寫(xiě)這篇選文的主要目的是介紹他的理論和研究方法是如何影響社會(huì)學(xué)的，所以B選項(xiàng)“描述迪爾凱姆的作品影響社會(huì)學(xué)的方式”與題意相符。A選項(xiàng)“概述迪爾凱姆在進(jìn)行他的研究時(shí)所遵循的步驟”、C選項(xiàng)“說(shuō)服讀者，社會(huì)群體控制著他們個(gè)體成員的大部分行為”和D選項(xiàng)“解釋社會(huì)學(xué)和心理學(xué)之間的區(qū)別”都只是整篇文章當(dāng)中的部分內(nèi)容，不能概括全文。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段中有提到二者的區(qū)別，Unlikepsychology,sociologydoesnotattempttoexplainthebehaviorofaparticularindividualundercertaincircumstances.Rather,sociologyfocusesonsocialtrendsorotherinfluencesthataffectwholegroupsorcategoriesofpeople.“與心理學(xué)不同，社會(huì)學(xué)不試圖解釋特定個(gè)體在特定環(huán)境下的行為。相反，社會(huì)學(xué)關(guān)注的是社會(huì)趨勢(shì)或影響整個(gè)群體或人群類(lèi)別的其他影響?！庇纱丝芍?，社會(huì)學(xué)關(guān)注社會(huì)趨勢(shì)或社會(huì)群體，而心理學(xué)更關(guān)注個(gè)人。所以B選項(xiàng)“心理學(xué)家比社會(huì)學(xué)家更關(guān)注個(gè)體”符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)學(xué)家比心理學(xué)家更關(guān)心解釋行為”并未涉及；C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)學(xué)家比心理學(xué)家花更多的時(shí)間幫助人們解決問(wèn)題”與題意不符；D選項(xiàng)“心理學(xué)家比社會(huì)學(xué)家對(duì)理解人類(lèi)關(guān)系的模式更感興趣”與原文表述不同。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞bronze定位到文章第二段Durkheimlikenedthenatureofasocialgrouptobronze,auniquemetalthatisformedwhenthemetalstin,copper,andleadaremeltedandmixedtogether.Durkheimnotedthatbronzeismuchharderthananyofitscomponentmetals.“迪爾凱姆把一個(gè)社會(huì)群體的本質(zhì)比作青銅，一種獨(dú)特的金屬，是由錫、銅和鉛熔化并混合在一起形成的。迪爾凱姆指出，青銅比它的任何組成金屬都要堅(jiān)硬得多。”作者的意思是把群體類(lèi)比青銅，錫、銅和鉛等比作個(gè)體，那么群體的特點(diǎn)跟個(gè)體會(huì)與眾不同。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)社會(huì)群體具有與其個(gè)體成員不同的特征”符合題意；B選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)群體由三個(gè)共同行動(dòng)的主要組成部分組成”與原文意思不符；C選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)社會(huì)群體都是一個(gè)獨(dú)特的實(shí)體，不同于任何其他社會(huì)群體”，原文說(shuō)的是群體和個(gè)體的差異，而不是不同群體的差異，所以C選項(xiàng)不正確；D選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)群體一旦形成就極難分裂”與題目意思中的類(lèi)比并無(wú)聯(lián)系。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞model定位到文章最后一段Withinashorttime,hisspecificapproachtoformulatingandtestingsocialtheorybecameamodelthatguidedtheworkofnearlyallsociologists.“在很短的時(shí)間內(nèi)，他制定和檢驗(yàn)社會(huì)理論的具體方法成為幾乎所有社會(huì)學(xué)家工作的指導(dǎo)模式?！弊髡弑硎鲞@個(gè)model為社會(huì)學(xué)家的工作提供了指導(dǎo)。A選項(xiàng)“兩種或多種可選樣式之一”與題意不符；B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)藝術(shù)家的主體”原文并未提及；C選項(xiàng)“物體的小模型”不合題意；D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)被模仿的計(jì)劃”，這種方法提供了指導(dǎo)作用，被他人模仿學(xué)習(xí)，D選項(xiàng)接近原文所表達(dá)的意思，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

21.單選題

WiththeUSeconomyslowingdown,layoffsareeverywhere.Noindustryisspared.Ifyouenduphavingtostartover,inadditiontostartingyourjobsearch,thereareseveralthingsyoushouldtakecareoftomakeyourtransitionasmoothone.

Firstandforemost,clearupanymisunderstandingabouthowandwhyyouleftyourlastjobwithyourex-boss.Whetheryouleftvoluntarily,werefiredorwerelaidoffduetobudgetcutbacks,makesureyoubothhavethesameexplanation.Agreeonjobtitlesaccordingly.Alsoaskforareferenceifyouthinkyourex-bosswillofferoneandyoutrustthatheorshewillspeakhonestlyaboutyourperformance.

Youshouldhaveasourceofemergencycashthatyoucanuseintheinterim.Don'tpanicandliquidateyourstocksandbondsjustyet,beoptimisticinyourprospectswhilealsobemorefrugalthanusual.Youshouldsavemoneyonnothavingtodrycleanworkclothessooftenandeatinglesstake-outlunches.Savemoneybynoteatingoutatrestaurantsandwatchvideosratherthangoingtothemovieseveryweekend.Markanoteofyourjob-huntingexpenses,suchascareercounselor'consultingfeesandresumeprintingcosts,andsavethereceipts.Bynextyear'stax-filingtime,youcouldgetdeductionsonyourjob-searchexpense(unlessyouleftajobwillinglyorwasacollegegraduatelookingforyourfirstjob).

Mostcompaniesterminateyourmedicalinsurancecoverageassoonasyoustopworkingforthem.Butitdoesn'tmeanyouhavetoforgomedicalcoveragealtogether.ThereissomethingcalledConsolidatedOmnibusBudgetReconciliationAct(COBRA)intheUnitedStatesthatlegallyprotectsanex-employee'srighttostayinthecompany'shealthcareplan.However,thecompanywillstoppayingyourpremiums,andyouwillhavetopayoutofyourpockettheexpenses.Thisisstillagoodoptioncomparedtonohealthinsuranceatall.

Anotherimportantthingtotakecareofwhenyouchangejobsisyour401(k)account.A401(k)istheretirementfundthatmostcompaniesoffer.It'snamedaftersection401(k)intheInternalRevenueService'spolicydocuments.Youputasideapercentageofyourpaycheckeachpayperiod,andthemoneyaccumulatedwillbemanagedbythe401(k)fundmanageryouremployerhashiredandisinvestedinthestockmarket.Youcannotwithdrawmoneyfromthisaccountuntilyoureachthisage,oryouwillincurpenalties.Whenyouleaveajob,themoneycansometimesbekeptwithyourex-employerforawhile.It'salwaysagoodideatocompareyournewemployer's401(k)planwithyouroldone.Everycompanyoffersdifferenttypesofinvestmentoptions,formoverseasstockstohigh-techstocksandeverythinginbetween.Ify