考研考博-英語(yǔ)-威海海洋職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-威海海洋職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

TheLawtoKeeptheOilIndustryunderControlTheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised);andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers.

Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblems,andfewpeoplebelievethatthegovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.

AsonNorwegianpoliticiansaidlastweek“Wewillsoonbechangedbeyondallrecognition.”

Eversincethewar,theGovernmenthasbeencarryingoutaprogrammeofdevelopmentintheareanorthoftheArcticCircle.Duringthepastfewyearsthisprogrammehashadagreatdealofsuccess:Tromsohasbeenbuiltupintoalocalcapitalwithauniversity,alargehospitalandahealthyindustry.Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.

Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.Somesmallerindustriesmightevendisappearaltogetherwhenitbecomescheapertobuygoodsfromabroad.

TherealargumentoveroilisitsthreattotheNorwegianwayoflife.Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.

Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.

1.TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto______.

2.TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto______.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto_____.

4.Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe______.

5.Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers

B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopment

C.selltheoilitisproducingabroad

D.developmorequicklythanatpresent

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsources

B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway

C.heldtheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblems

D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsize

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thedevelopmentofindustry

B.agrowthinpopulation

C.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogramme

D.thedevelopmentofnewtowns

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.alargereductiononunemployment

B.agrowthinthetouristindustry

C.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustries

D.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustries

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianideal

B.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianideal

C.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansociety

D.theyregardoffasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflife

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto____.挪威政府更傾向于石油工業(yè)____。

A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers.A.為外國(guó)工人提供更多的工作機(jī)會(huì)

B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopmentB.減緩其發(fā)展速度

C.selltheoilitisproducingabroadC.把它生產(chǎn)的石油賣到國(guó)外去

D.developmorequicklythanatpresentD.比現(xiàn)在發(fā)展得更快

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞oilindustry可定位到Para.1第一句，該處講到“挪威政府正在盡最大努力控制石油工業(yè)（undercontrol）”，又提到“一項(xiàng)新法律（Anewlawlimits）將勘探范圍限制在長(zhǎng)海岸線南端以南的地區(qū)；已經(jīng)制定了生產(chǎn)限制；石油公司也不允許雇傭超過(guò)有限數(shù)量的外國(guó)工人”。可知政府限制石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“為外國(guó)工人提供更多的工作機(jī)會(huì)”，文中第一段最后提到石油公司雇傭外國(guó)工人的數(shù)量不得超過(guò)限定數(shù)量，即減少雇傭工人數(shù)量。這里屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“把它生產(chǎn)的石油賣到國(guó)外去”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“比現(xiàn)在發(fā)展得更快”，文中說(shuō)到要限制石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展，D選項(xiàng)與文章相反，屬于反向干擾。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto____.挪威政府已努力去____。

A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsourcesA.鼓勵(lì)石油公司發(fā)現(xiàn)新的石油資源

B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway

B.禁止石油公司雇傭挪威北部人

C.heldtheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblemsC.控制石油公司解決它們的許多問(wèn)題

D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsizeD.使石油工業(yè)保持在接近目前規(guī)模的水平

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.2第一句，該處講到“很少有人相信政府能夠長(zhǎng)期阻止事態(tài)發(fā)展”，結(jié)合第一段第一句“挪威政府正在盡最大努力控制石油工業(yè)”可知政府在控制石油工業(yè)發(fā)展，努力維持石油工業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)石油公司發(fā)現(xiàn)新的石油資源”，而文中說(shuō)新的法律限制人們只能在長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的海岸線南端以南地區(qū)進(jìn)行勘探，也就是限制人們發(fā)現(xiàn)新資源，A選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“禁止石油公司雇傭挪威北部人”，文中說(shuō)到石油工業(yè)已經(jīng)開始吸引人們前往南方但并沒(méi)有說(shuō)禁止雇傭北部人，B選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“控制石油公司解決它們的許多問(wèn)題”，但文中提到的是石油工業(yè)解決問(wèn)題，屬于張冠李戴。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto____.根據(jù)這篇文章，石油工業(yè)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致挪威北部____。

A.thedevelopmentofindustryA.工業(yè)的發(fā)展

B.agrowthinpopulationB.人口的增長(zhǎng)

C.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogrammeC.發(fā)展計(jì)劃的失敗

D.thedevelopmentofnewtownsD.新市鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.4最后一句，該處講到“不出幾年，整個(gè)北方政策就可能毀于一旦”。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，C選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)的發(fā)展”，文中說(shuō)到“一些小的工業(yè)甚至?xí)В⊿omesmallerindustriesmightevendisappear）”屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“人口的增長(zhǎng)”，文中說(shuō)到“石油工業(yè)吸引人們前往南方（startedtodrawpeoplesouth）”也就是說(shuō)北部人口會(huì)減少。B選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“新市鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展”，北部人口跑到南方北方應(yīng)該不會(huì)有新城鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展，反而是南方可能有新城鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展，這屬于無(wú)中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe____.在南方，石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展可能產(chǎn)生的影響是____。

A.alargereductiononunemploymentA.失業(yè)率大幅下降

B.agrowthinthetouristindustryB.旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展

C.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustriesC.現(xiàn)有工業(yè)數(shù)量的減少

D.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustriesD.發(fā)展一批服務(wù)業(yè)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】倒數(shù)第三段第一句提到“然而，石油工業(yè)的影響不會(huì)局限于北方”即可知本段在描寫石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展對(duì)南方帶來(lái)的影響，根據(jù)題干信息可定位到倒數(shù)第三段最后一句，該處講到“一些較小的工業(yè)甚至可能完全消失”。換言之，這些原本存在的小工業(yè)會(huì)減少。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，C選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“失業(yè)率大幅下降”，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第二句“在就業(yè)率接近100%的情況下（Withnearly100percentemployment），每個(gè)人都可以看到服務(wù)行業(yè)和旅游業(yè)的大部分工人將會(huì)跑到石油工業(yè)去。”可知原文說(shuō)到1.就業(yè)率接近100%；2.服務(wù)業(yè)和旅游業(yè)的從業(yè)人員會(huì)流向石油業(yè)，無(wú)法推斷出失業(yè)率大幅下降，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展”，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第二句“服務(wù)行業(yè)和旅游業(yè)的大部分工人將會(huì)跑到石油工業(yè)去?！笨芍糜螛I(yè)不會(huì)發(fā)展，B選項(xiàng)反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)展一批服務(wù)業(yè)”，也是根據(jù)原文中人們發(fā)展石油工業(yè)導(dǎo)致從事服務(wù)和旅游的人減少，不會(huì)發(fā)展一批服務(wù)業(yè)，D選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause____.挪威的農(nóng)民和漁民有重要的影響，因?yàn)開___。

A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianidealA.他們構(gòu)成了挪威人理想的很大一部分

B.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianidealB.他們的生活和價(jià)值觀代表了挪威人的理想

C.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansocietyC.他們的工作對(duì)挪威社會(huì)很有幫助

D.theyregardoffasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflifeD.他們認(rèn)為這是對(duì)挪威人生活方式的威脅

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干farmers和fishermen可定位到倒數(shù)第二段第二句，該處講到“挪威人在他們身上看到了許多他們自豪地認(rèn)為是挪威人本質(zhì)上的品質(zhì)?！北娝苤?，挪威的農(nóng)業(yè)和漁業(yè)發(fā)展歷史悠久，農(nóng)民和漁民是挪威的代表。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“他們構(gòu)成了挪威人理想的很大一部分”，并不是說(shuō)挪威人的理想是漁民和農(nóng)民，而是說(shuō)漁民和農(nóng)民的生活和價(jià)值觀代表了他們的理想，A選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“他們的工作對(duì)挪威社會(huì)很有幫助”，文中只是說(shuō)石油的發(fā)展阻礙了漁業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)他們?yōu)槭裁粗匾珻選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為這是對(duì)挪威人生活方式的威脅”，但是文中說(shuō)的是“關(guān)于石油的真正爭(zhēng)論是它對(duì)挪威人生活方式的威脅”。對(duì)生活有威脅的是石油并不是farmers和fishermen。這里屬于張冠李戴。

2.單選題

Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsinto（）ones.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.turbulent

B.tragic

C.vulnerable

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)turbulent“動(dòng)蕩的，混亂的，騷動(dòng)的”，B項(xiàng)tragic“悲劇的，悲痛的”，C項(xiàng)vulnerable“易受攻擊的，易受傷害的”，D項(xiàng)suspicious“可疑的，懷疑的”。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞rumor（謠言）和turningcalmsituationsinto（把平靜局面轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤┛芍?，空格部分要填入一個(gè)與calm相反的詞語(yǔ)，只有A項(xiàng)符合。句意：謠言無(wú)處不在，散布恐懼，損害名譽(yù)，使平靜的局面變得動(dòng)蕩不安。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thereisnothinglikethesuggestionofacancerrisktoscareaparent,especiallyoneoftheover-educated,eco-conscioustypes.SoyoucanimaginethereactionwhenarecentUSATodayinvestigationofairqualityaroundthecanon’sschoolssingledoutthoseinthesmuglygreenvillageofBerkeley,Calif,asbeingamongtheworstinthecountry.Thecity’spublichighschool,aswellasanumberofdaycarecenter,preschools,elementaryandmiddleschools,fellinthelowest10%.Industrialpollutioninourtownhadsupposedlyturnedstudentsintolivingscienceexperimentbreathinginalaboratory’sworthofheavymetalslikemanganese,chromiumandnickeleachday.Thisisinacitythatrequiresschoolcafeteriastoserveorganicmeals.Great,Ithought,organiclunch,toxiccampus.

SinceDecember,whenthereportcameout,themayor,neighborhoodactivistsandvariousparent-teacherassociationshaveengagedinafiercebattleoveritsvalidity,overtheguiltofthesteed-castingfactoryonthewesternedgeoftown,overunionjobsversuschildren’shealthandoverwhat,ifanything,oughttobedone.Withallsidespresentingtheirownexpertsarmedwithconflictingscientificstudies,whomshouldparentsbelieve?Istheretrulyathreathere?Weasksoneanotheraswedroppedoffourkids,andifso,howgreatitis?Andhowdoesitcomparewiththeother,seeminglyperpetualhealthscaresweconfront,likepanicoverleadinsyntheticathleticfields?Ratherthanjustanotherweirdepisodeinthetownthatbroughtyouprotestingenvironmentalists,thislatestdramaisatrialforhowtoday’sparentsperceiverisk,howwetrytokeepourkidssafewhetherit’spossibletokeepthemsafeinwhatfeelslikeanincreasinglythreateningworld.Itraisesthequestionofwhat,inourtime,“safe”couldevenmean.

“There’snowayaroundtheuncertainty”，saysKimberlyThompson,presidentofKidRisk,anonprofitgroupthatstudieschildren’shealth.“Thatmeansyourchoicescanmatter,butitalsomeansyouaren’tgoingtoknowiftheydo.”A2004reportinthejournalPediatricsexplainedthatnervousparentshavemoretofearfromfire,caraccidentsanddrowningthanfromtoxicchemicalexposure.TowhichIsay:Well,obviously.Butsuchconcretehazardsarebesidethepoint.It'sthedangersparentscan’tandmaynever-quantifythatoccurallofsudden.That’swhyI’veridmycupboardofmicrowavefoodpackedinbagscoatedwithapotentialcancer-causingsubstance,butalthoughI’velivedblocksfromamajorfaultlineformorethan12years,Istillhaven’tboltedourbookcasestothelivingroomwall.

1.WhatdoesarecentinvestigationbyUSATodayreveal?

2.WhatresponsedidUASToday’sreportdraw?

3.Howdidparentsfeelinthefaceoftheexperts'studies?

4.Whatistheviewofthe2004reportinthejournalPediatrics'?

5.Ofthedangersineverydaylife,theauthorthinksthatpeoplehavemosttofearfrom（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heavymetalsinlabteststhreatenchildren'shealthinBerkeley.

B.Berkeleyresidentsarequitecontentedwiththeirsurroundings.

C.TheairqualityaroundBerkeley’sschoolcampusesispoor.

D.ParentsinBerkeleyareover-sensitivetocancerriskstheirkidsface.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Aheateddebate.

B.Popularsupport.

C.Widespreadpanic.

D.Strongcriticism.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfeltverymuchrelieved.

B.Theywerefrightenedbytheevidence.

C.Theydidn'tknowwhotobelieve.

D.Theyweren'tconvincedoftheresults.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itisimportanttoquantifyvariousconcretehazards.

B.Dailyaccidentsposeamoreseriousthreattochildren.

C.Parentsshouldbeawareofchildren'shealthhazards.

D.Attentionshouldbepaidtotoxicchemicalexposure.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theuncertain

B.thequantifiable

C.anearthquake

D.unhealthyfood

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中SoyoucanimaginethereactionwhenarecentUSATodayinvestigationofairqualityaroundthecanon’sschoolssingledoutthoseinthesmuglygreenvillageofBerkeley,Calif,asbeingamongtheworstinthecountry.（因此，你可以想象，最近《今日美國(guó)》對(duì)全國(guó)學(xué)校周圍空氣質(zhì)量的調(diào)查，將加利福尼亞州的伯克利綠色村莊也列為全國(guó)空氣質(zhì)量狀況最差的地區(qū)之中）可知選C。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段第一句中SinceDecember,whenthereportcameout,themayor,neighborhoodactivistsandvariousparent-teacherassociationshaveengagedinafiercebattleoveritsvalidity（自去年12月該報(bào)告發(fā)布以來(lái)，市長(zhǎng)、社區(qū)積極分子和各種家長(zhǎng)教師協(xié)會(huì)就該報(bào)告的有效性展開了激烈的討論）可知選A。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中Withallsidespresentingtheirownexpertsarmedwithconflictingscientificstudies,whomshouldparentsbelieve?（由于各方都提出了一些支持各自觀點(diǎn)的專家，但這些專家的科學(xué)研究是相互矛盾的，家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該相信誰(shuí)？）以及后面的一連串提問(wèn)，可知父母對(duì)這些觀點(diǎn)感到困惑，不知道該相信誰(shuí)，因此選C。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中A2004reportinthejournalPediatricsexplainedthatnervousparentshavemoretofearfromfire,caraccidentsanddrowningthanfromtoxicchemicalexposure.（《兒科雜志》2004年的一份報(bào)告解釋說(shuō)，神經(jīng)緊張的父母對(duì)火災(zāi)、車禍和溺水的恐懼比有毒化學(xué)暴露更多）可推測(cè)父母對(duì)日常容易遇到的事故更擔(dān)心，因此選B。

第5題:推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中There’snowayaroundtheuncertainty...It'sthedangersparentscan’t—andmaynever-quantifythatoccurallofsudden.（無(wú)法避免這種不確定性……這是父母無(wú)法——也可能永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)量化突然發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)）可推測(cè)作者認(rèn)為父母最大的恐懼來(lái)源于不確定性，因此選A。

4.單選題

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy’shairinthesamewayasheusedto.Andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehatsforexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedatdepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats;moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshortertheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,shirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy”lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionofthetopfashionhouse.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater,anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon'tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.

Lookaroundyouandyou'llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!

1.Theauthorbelievesthatpeopleare（

）.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto

（

）.

3.Causesoffashionsare

（

）.

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes

（

）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

B.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashion

C.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

D.satisfiedwiththeirappearance

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.confidenceinlife

B.individualdress

C.individualhairstyle

D.personalfuture

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.uniform

B.unknown

C.varied

D.inexplicable

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.uniformity

B.formality

C.informality

D.individuality

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations

B.Fashioninformalandinformalsituations

C.Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations

D.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第二句話提到“很少有人滿足于自己的現(xiàn)狀，也很少有人會(huì)忽視潮流”（Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion），選項(xiàng)B“絕不會(huì)忽視潮流的東西”符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。文章第二段提到時(shí)尚雜志和電視廣告試圖說(shuō)服我們?cè)谔囟ǖ膱?chǎng)合穿特定的衣服，表現(xiàn)出特定的禮儀。在他們看來(lái)，這樣做會(huì)讓我們更加自信地去結(jié)識(shí)新的朋友（Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidently）。因此可以推斷出時(shí)尚雜志和電視廣告將時(shí)尚與自信聯(lián)系在一起，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。文章第三段第一二句提到“引起時(shí)尚改變的原因是什么？有時(shí)候是因?yàn)榉奖慊蛘邔?shí)際需要或者因?yàn)槟硞€(gè)人的影響”（Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion），由此可以看出，引起時(shí)尚變化的原因是多方面的，無(wú)法確定的，選項(xiàng)C“多樣的”符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到現(xiàn)在的社會(huì)比以前自由、簡(jiǎn)單，不需要跟他人穿著一樣。你可以穿你喜歡穿的衣服，做你喜歡做的發(fā)型，不是因?yàn)檫@些流行，單純因?yàn)橄矚g。（Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion），由此可知，現(xiàn)在重視的是“個(gè)性”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第5題:推理判斷題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到衣服發(fā)型可以出于自己的喜好進(jìn)行選擇，不必考慮是否流行，也不需要隨大流。最后一段提到在正式的場(chǎng)合還是需要注重儀表，接著舉了一些例子來(lái)說(shuō)明穿衣服應(yīng)該分清場(chǎng)合。選項(xiàng)A“正式場(chǎng)合需要注重儀表”符合題意。

5.單選題

Hewantstostarthisownbusiness,but_______handlingpayroll,governmentcompliance,andbenefitschores.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.loathe

B.remark

C.uphold

D.systematize

【答案】A

【解析】loathe討厭，厭惡;remark評(píng)論,談及;uphold支持,贊成;systematize系統(tǒng)化。句意：他想自己創(chuàng)業(yè)，但又討厭處理工資、應(yīng)對(duì)政府法規(guī)和處理收益上的瑣事。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

6.單選題

Therearecountriesinwhichunnecessarypovertyprevailsbecausethepeopleasawholeareunawareofmethodswherebyitcanberelieved.Therearevasttractsofland,abandonedor（1）cultivated,whichcouldsupportathrivingcommunityiffullusewere（2）theknowledgeandskillofscientists.Thereareinnumerablepeoplesufferingfromdiseasewhichcanbecured,andfromwhich,（3）followingsimplescientificrulesofhygiene,theyneedneveragainsuffer.Therearevaststorehousesofnaturalpower,suchasthewind,waterfallsandtheheatofthesun,whichsciencecanshowhowto（4）forthereliefofhumanhardworkandforraisingthe（5）ofliving.Thepossibilitiesareenormous.

Butthedifficultiesinthewayofeffectingachangeforthe（6）arenotlessenormousandareoftenoverlooked.Thefullbenefitsofsciencecan（7）begainedwiththecooperationofthepeopleinneedofassistance.Thatcooperationisregrettablyineffective（8）thepeoplealsohavesomeunderstandingofthemeansused.Asterilized(經(jīng)過(guò)消毒的)bandagebringsnocuretoaninfectedwound.Farmmachinery,broken（9）andneglectedforlackofskilledmechanics,canbeasourceofruinthanofprofit.Ifthemethodsrecommendedbythescientistare（10）bythosewhohavesomeknowledgeofscience,thengreatbenefitcanfollow.Butifthatunderstandingofcooperationisinlack,thenfrustrationisaddedtopoverty.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.once

B.sometimes

C.regularly

D.never

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.adoptedby

B.madeof

C.resultedin

D.originatedfrom

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.while

C.by

D.upon

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.harness

B.imitate

C.implement

D.propel

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.level

B.standard

C.condition

D.circumstance

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.better

B.improvement

C.advance

D.progress

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.only

B.also

C.even

D.never

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.unless

B.until

C.if

D.even

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.up

B.down

C.out

D.off

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.manipulated

B.applied

C.possessed

D.designated

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:B

第10題:B

【解析】第1題:考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)once“曾經(jīng)”，B項(xiàng)sometimes“有時(shí)”，C項(xiàng)regularly“定期地，有規(guī)律地”，D項(xiàng)never“從不”。根據(jù)句子Therearevasttractsofland,abandonedor（）cultivated（有大片的土地，被遺棄或……耕地）可知，or后面的部分和abandon的意思是相等并列的，空格后面是cultivated，那么前面應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)表示否定的詞語(yǔ)，只有never符合。句意：這里有大片被遺棄或從未耕種過(guò)的土地。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)adoptedby“被……采納/收養(yǎng)”，B項(xiàng)makeof“了解”，C項(xiàng)resultin“導(dǎo)致”，D項(xiàng)originatefrom“發(fā)源于”。根據(jù)句子whichcouldsupportathrivingcommunityiffullusewere（）knowledgeandskillofscientists（如果充分利用……科學(xué)家的知識(shí)和技能，就能夠支持一個(gè)繁榮的社區(qū)）可知，makefulluseof固定搭配，表示“充分利用”。句意：如果充分利用科學(xué)家的知識(shí)和技能，有大片被遺棄或從未耕種過(guò)的土地可以支撐一個(gè)繁榮的社區(qū)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:考查介詞辨析。A項(xiàng)in“在……里”，B項(xiàng)while“當(dāng)，盡管”，C項(xiàng)by“通過(guò)”，D項(xiàng)upon“在……之上”。根據(jù)句子Thereareinnumerablepeoplesufferingfromdiseasewhichcanbecured,andfromwhich,（）followingsimplescientificrulesofhygiene,theyneedneveragainsuffer.（有無(wú)數(shù)的人患有可以治愈的疾病，而從這些疾病，……遵循簡(jiǎn)單的衛(wèi)生科學(xué)規(guī)則，他們永遠(yuǎn)不需要再遭受痛苦）可知，bydoingsth.表示“通過(guò)做某事”，C項(xiàng)符合。句意：有數(shù)不清的人患有可以治愈的疾病，只要遵循簡(jiǎn)單的衛(wèi)生科學(xué)規(guī)則，他們就再也不必遭受痛苦。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)harness“治理，利用”，B項(xiàng)imitate“模仿，仿造”，C項(xiàng)implement“實(shí)施，執(zhí)行”，D項(xiàng)propel“推進(jìn)，驅(qū)使”。根據(jù)句子Therearevaststorehousesofnaturalpower…whichsciencecanshowhowto（）forthereliefofhumanhardwork（有很多自然力量……科學(xué)可以告訴我們?nèi)绾瓮ㄟ^(guò)……這些能源來(lái)減輕人類的辛苦）可知，只有A項(xiàng)符合句意。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)level“水平”，B項(xiàng)standard“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，C項(xiàng)condition“條件，情況”，D項(xiàng)circumstance“環(huán)境，狀況”。根據(jù)句子andforraisingthe（）ofliving.Thepossibilitiesareenormous（為了提高生活水平）可知，standardofliving是固定搭配，表示“生活水平”。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第6題:考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)better“更好”，B項(xiàng)improvement“提高，改善”，C項(xiàng)advance“發(fā)展，前進(jìn)”，D項(xiàng)progress“進(jìn)步，發(fā)展”。根據(jù)句子“Butthedifficultiesinthewayofeffectingachangeforthe（）arenotlessenormousandareoftenoverlooked”可知，changeforthebetter是固定搭配，表示“好轉(zhuǎn)，改善”。句意：但要想改變現(xiàn)狀，取得進(jìn)步，困難并不小，而且常常被忽視。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第7題:考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)only“僅，只有”，B項(xiàng)also“也”，C項(xiàng)even“甚至”，D項(xiàng)never“從未”。根據(jù)句子“Thefullbenefitsofsciencecan（）begainedwiththecooperationofthepeopleinneedofassistance.”可知，withthecooperationofthepeopleinneedofassistance（與需要幫助的人合作）是發(fā)揮科技的唯一條件，因此只有only符合。句意：科學(xué)的全部益處只有在需要幫助的人們的合作中才能獲得。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第8題:考查條件狀語(yǔ)從句。A項(xiàng)unless“除非”，B項(xiàng)until“直到”，C項(xiàng)if“如果”，D項(xiàng)even“甚至”。根據(jù)句子“Thatcooperationisregrettablyineffective（）thepeoplealsohavesomeunderstandingofthemeansused.”可知，這是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，排除B、D選項(xiàng)；C選項(xiàng)是表示“假設(shè)的條件”，因此只有A選項(xiàng)符合。句意：令人遺憾的是，除非人民對(duì)所使用的手段也有一些了解，否則這種合作是無(wú)效的。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第9題:考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)up“向上”，breakup表示“打碎，解散”；B項(xiàng)down“向下”，breakdown表示“分解，發(fā)生故障”；C項(xiàng)out“出現(xiàn)，向外”，breakout表示“爆發(fā)”；D項(xiàng)off“離開，脫落”，breakoff表示“折斷，突然停止”。根據(jù)句子“Farmmachinery,broken（）andneglectedforlackofskilledmechanics,canbeasourceofruinthanofprofit.”，空格前面有machinery（機(jī)器），可知只有B選項(xiàng)符合，表示“機(jī)器故障”。句意：農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械由于缺乏熟練的機(jī)械師而被損壞和忽視，與其說(shuō)是利潤(rùn)的來(lái)源，還不如說(shuō)是毀滅的來(lái)源。因此，該題選擇B選項(xiàng)正確。

第10題:考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)manipulate“操縱，操作”，B項(xiàng)apply“應(yīng)用”，C項(xiàng)possess“擁有”，D項(xiàng)designate“指定，指派”。根據(jù)句子“Ifthemethodsrecommendedbythescientistare（）bythosewhohavesomeknowledgeofscience”，把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入，只有B項(xiàng)符合。句意：如果科學(xué)家推薦的方法被那些有一些科學(xué)知識(shí)的人應(yīng)用。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Presumably,excessiveconsumptionoffriedfoodshasseriousconsequencesashasbeenproved.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theoretically

B.Practically

C.Incredibly

D.Probably

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。presumably“大概；推測(cè)起來(lái)；可假定”；A選項(xiàng)theoretically“理論地；理論上”；B選項(xiàng)practically“實(shí)際地；幾乎；事實(shí)上”；C選項(xiàng)incredibly“難以置信地；非常地”；D選項(xiàng)probably“大概；或許；很可能”。句意：據(jù)推測(cè)，過(guò)量食用油炸食品會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的后果，這已被證明。根據(jù)句中“excessiveconsumptionoffriedfoods吃油炸食品過(guò)多”可知presumably在這里應(yīng)表示一種推測(cè)，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Accordingtoanthropologists,peopleinpre-industrialsocietiesspent3to4hoursperdayorabout20hoursperweekdoingtheworknecessaryforlife.Moderncomparisonsoftheamountofworkperformedperweek,however,beginwiththeIndustrialRevolution（1760-1840）when10-to-12-hourworkdayswithsixworkdaysperweekwerethenorm.Even,withextensivetimedevotedtowork,however,bothincomesandstandardsoflivingwerelow.AsincomesroseneartheendoftheIndustrialRevolution,itbecameincreasinglycommontotreatSaturdayafternoonsasahalf-dayholiday.ThehalfholidayhadbecomestandardpracticeinBritainbythe1870’s,butdidnotbecomecommonintheUnitedStatesuntilthe1920’s.

IntheUnitedStates,thefirstthirdofthetwentiethcenturysawtheworkweekmovefrom60hoursperweektojustunder50hoursbythestartofthe19305s.In1914HenryFordreduceddailyworkhoursathisautomobileplantsfrom9to8.In1926heannouncedthathenceforthhisfactorieswouldclosefortheentiredayonSaturday.Atthetime,FordreceivedcriticismfromotherfirmssuchasUnitedStatesSteelandWestinghouse,buttheideawaspopularwithworkers.

TheDepressionyearsofthe1930havebroughtwiththemthenotionofjobsharingtospreadavailableworkaround;theworkweekdroppedtoamodemlowfortheUnitedStatesof35hours.In1938theFairLaborStandardsActmandatedaweeklymaximumof40hourstobeginin1940,andsincethattimethe8-hourday,5-dayworkweekhasbeenthestandardintheUnitedStates.Adjustmentsinvariousplaces,however,showthatthisstandardisnotimmutable.In1987,forexample,Germanmetalworkersstruckforandreceiveda37.5-hourworkweek;andin1990manyworkersinBritainwona37-hourweek.Since1989,theJapanesegovernmenthasmovedfroma6-toa5-dayworkweekandhassetanationaltargetof1800workhoursperyearfortheaverageworker.TheaverageamountofworkperyearinJapanin1989was2088hoursperworker,comparedto1957fortheUnitedStatesand1646forFrance.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Comparedtopre-industrialtimes,thenumberofhoursintheworkweekinthenineteenthcentury（）.

3.WhatisonereasonforthechangeinthelengthoftheworkweekfortheaverageworkerintheUnitedStatesduringthe1930’s?

4.WhichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthepurposesoftheFairLaborStandardsActof1938?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasevidencethatthelengthoftheworkweekhasbeendecliningsincethenineteenthcentury?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whypeopleinpre-industrialsocietiesworkedfewhoursperweek

B.WorkingconditionsduringtheIndustrialRevolution

C.Acomparisonofthenumberofhoursworkedperyearinseveralindustries

D.Changesthathaveoccurredinthenumberofhoursthatpeopleworkperweek

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.remainedconstant

B.decreasedslightly

C.increasedsignificantly

D.decreasedsignificantly

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheUnitedStatesgovernmentinstituteda35-hourworkweek.

B.LaborstrikesinseveralcountriesinfluencedlaborpolicyintheUnitedStates.

C.Severalcorporationsincreasedthelengthoftheworkweek.

D.Severalpeoplesometimessharedasinglejob.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Todiscourageworkersfromaskingforincreasedwages

B.Toallowemployerstosetthelengthoftheworkweekfortheirworkers

C.Toestablishalimitonthenumberofhoursintheworkweek

D.Torestricttradewithcountriesthathadalongworkweek

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thehalf-dayholiday

B.UnitedStatesSteelandWestinghouse

C.HenryFord

D.Germanmetalworkers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文首先將前工業(yè)時(shí)代的周工時(shí)與工業(yè)革命時(shí)期的周工時(shí)進(jìn)行比較，接著說(shuō)明了不同年代周工時(shí)的變化。故D項(xiàng)“人們每周工作的時(shí)長(zhǎng)發(fā)生了變化”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞pre-industrialtimes定位到第一段“peopleinpre-industrialsocietiesspent3to4hoursperdayorabout20hoursperweekdoingtheworknecessaryforlife.Moderncomparisonsoftheamountofworkperformedperweek,however,beginwiththeIndustrialRevolution（1760-1840）when10-to-12-hourworkdayswithsixworkdaysperweekwerethenorm.前工業(yè)社會(huì)的人們每天花3到4個(gè)小時(shí)，或每周花20個(gè)小時(shí)做生活所必需的工作。然而，對(duì)每周工作量的現(xiàn)代比較始于工業(yè)革命（1760年至1840年），當(dāng)時(shí)每周工作6天、每天工作10至12小時(shí)是常態(tài)。”據(jù)此可知19世紀(jì)每周的工作時(shí)間相比前工業(yè)時(shí)代有大幅增長(zhǎng)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到第三段“TheDepressionyearsofthe1930havebroughtwiththemthenotionofjobsharingtospreadavailableworkaround;theworkweekdroppedtoamodernlowfortheUnitedStatesof35hours.20世紀(jì)30年代的經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條帶來(lái)了工作分擔(dān)的概念，使人們可以到處尋找工作;在美國(guó)，每周工作時(shí)間降至35小時(shí)的現(xiàn)代最低點(diǎn)。