考研考博-英語-安徽工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

WhenIputthebeautifullydecoratedgiftcanisterintoMr.Kang'shands,hethankedmeeffusivelyforsendinghimsuchhigh-qualitytea.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.WhenIputthebeautifully

B.decoratedgiftcanisterinto

C.effusively

D.sending

E.沒有問題

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞誤用。由前面的關(guān)鍵詞“IoMr.Kang’shands”知這里的sending(派遣,打發(fā),發(fā)送)應(yīng)該改為giving(贈(zèng)送;贈(zèng)與;送給)更符合語境。

2.單選題

Budgetforecastsaretheultimatelessonintakingthings（）inhindsight,mostforecastslookworsethanrandomguesses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.withastrokeofthepen

B.withawhipofscorpions

C.withagrainofsalt

D.withallduesubmission

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。withastrokeofthepen“一筆一劃”；withawhipofscorpions“用殘酷的高壓手段”；withagrainofsalt“持懷疑態(tài)度，有保留”；withallduesubmission“必恭必敬的”。句意：預(yù)算預(yù)估對(duì)事情的猜測(cè)持保留態(tài)度，大多數(shù)預(yù)測(cè)看起來比隨機(jī)猜測(cè)更糟。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.填空題

UnemploymentintheWest:Thequestforjobs

Itisnot（1）forpoliticianstoreducetheWest'sfrighteninglyhighunemploymentlevels.

ALITTLFgeographicalimaginationhelpstoconveythescaleofjoblessnessintheWest.Ifthe44mpeoplewhoare（2）inthemainlyrichmembersoftheOECDlivedinonecountry,itspopulationwouldbesimilarto（3）.InSpainitself,whichhastheWest'shighestjoblessrate(21%),thenumberofpeople（4）workmatchesthecombinedpopulationofMadridandBarcelona.InAmericathe14mpeopleofficiallyjoblesswould（5）thefifth-most-populousstateintheunion.Andinthe11m“underemployed”,whoareworkinglessthantheywouldlike,anditisthesizeofTexas.

Thelandscapeisnotuniformlybleak.Germany,forexample,nowhasa（6）joblessratethanbeforethefinancialcrisis.Butinmostoftherichworldthe（7）ofpeopleunemployed,thoughdownabitfromitspeakin2009,（8）stillalarminglyhigh,evenasfearsmountthatseveralcountriesmaybeslippingbackintorecession.Andthehumancostoftheeconomiccrisisispaidlargely（9）thosewhoareoutofwork,forjoblessnessincreasesdepression,divorce,substanceabuseandprettymucheverythingthatcango（10）inalife.

Worse,today'sjoblessnessisaparticularlydangeroussort.Adisproportionateshareofthoseoutofworkarcyoung,andyouthunemploymentleavesmorescars,intermsoflowerfuturewagesandgreaterlikelihoodoffutureunemployment.

【答案】1.impossible

2.unemployed

3.Spain’s

4.without

5.form

6.lower

7.number

8.is

9.by

10.wrong

【解析】1.詞匯題。該處句型為:Itis...forsb.todosth.,因此應(yīng)填入一個(gè)形容詞。根據(jù)文章可推測(cè),此處句意為:對(duì)于政客們來說，降低西方國(guó)家令人為之恐懼的高失業(yè)率并不是不可能。

2.詞匯題?？崭袼趶木錇槎ㄕZ從句,修飾先行詞44mpeople,前句句意為:一張小的地理圖片便能有助于映射出西方國(guó)家的失業(yè)情況。因此空格處應(yīng)該指的是“失業(yè)人群”。

3.詞匯題。根據(jù)空格后的“InSpainitself(就西班牙本身而言)”可知,前面涉及的應(yīng)該是西班牙的現(xiàn)狀。這里應(yīng)該指:失業(yè)人口和西班牙人口相一致。

4.詞匯題。此處句意為:沒有工作的人數(shù)與馬德里和巴塞羅那的人口總數(shù)相當(dāng)。

5.詞匯題?？崭袼诰湟鉃?在美國(guó)，官方統(tǒng)計(jì)的失業(yè)人口為1400萬，足以……該國(guó)的第五大州。因此此處填入form表示“組成”。

6.詞匯題。根據(jù)前句句意“西方這景象也不全是這么慘淡”可推測(cè)此處表示:與金融危機(jī)之前扣比，德國(guó)如今的失業(yè)率卻相對(duì)較低。

7.詞匯題。該處表示“失業(yè)人群的數(shù)量”,因此填入number比較合適。

8.語法題?？崭裉帒?yīng)填入主句的謂語動(dòng)詞。主語是“proportion比例”,而且空格后是副詞和形容詞,所以此處填入系動(dòng)詞is。

9.固定搭配。Bepaidby由…承擔(dān)，由…支付。

10.固定搭配。Gowrong誤入歧途。

4.單選題

Theyhadafierce（）astowhethertheircompanyshouldrestorethetraderelationship

whichwasbrokenyearsago.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.debate

B.clash

C.disagreement

D.contest

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：關(guān)于公司是否應(yīng)該恢復(fù)數(shù)年前破裂的貿(mào)易關(guān)系，他們進(jìn)行了一場(chǎng)激烈的

。

debate討論，辯論；clash爭(zhēng)論；disagreement分歧；contest競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。因此，A項(xiàng)符合句意。

5.填空題

Directions:ForQuestions1-5,youwillhearatalkaboutBostonMuseumofFineArts.Whileyoulisten,filloutthetablewiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Someoftheinformationhasbeengiventoyouinthetable.Writeonly1wordornumberineachnumberedbox.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthetablebelow.(5points)

1.Opendtothepublic(year)

2.Thewestwingcompleted(year)

3.Themostremarkabledepartment

4.Exhibitionspace(m2)

5.Programsprovidedclasseslectures5films

1.Opendtothepublic(year)

2.Thewestwingcompleted(year)

3.Themostremarkabledepartment

4.Exhibitionspace(m2)

5.Programsprovidedclasseslectures5films

【答案】1.1876

2.1981

3.textiles

4.19,137

5.Concerts

6.單選題

Althoughitwashisfirstexperienceaschairman:he（

）overthemeetingwithgreatskill.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presided

B.administered

C.mastered

D.executed

【答案】A

【解析】考察固定搭配。presideover“主持”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

Theseconddistinguishingcharacteristicofjazzisarhythmicdrivethatwas____called“hot”andlater“swing”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shortly

B.initially

C.actually

D.literally

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.shortly立刻；短暫的B.initially起初

C.actually實(shí)際上D.literally簡(jiǎn)直；字面上

【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯

【解題思路】空格部分的內(nèi)容為“____被叫作‘熱’”，根據(jù)后文“后來（later）被叫作‘搖擺’”中l(wèi)ater可知，該句表達(dá)的是前后變化，前者應(yīng)為以前的名字，B選項(xiàng)initially“起初”符合原句邏輯。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原句邏輯。

【句意】爵士樂的第二個(gè)顯著特征是一種節(jié)奏驅(qū)動(dòng)，最開始稱之為“熱”，后來稱為“搖擺”。

8.單選題

Thisisthe（

）pianoonwhichthecomposercreatedsomeofhisgreatestworks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.actual

B.genuine

C.real

D.original

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。actual“實(shí)際存在的”；genuine“真實(shí)的”；real“真實(shí)的，實(shí)在的”；original“原創(chuàng)的，原來的”。句意：那位作曲家就是在這臺(tái)鋼琴上創(chuàng)作出了他最偉大的作品。D項(xiàng)符合句意，答案D

9.單選題

Didyounoticeherpaleface?Ithinkshewasnotquite（

）atthepartyyesterday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.her

B.she

C.herself

D.itself

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。benotoneself“表示身體不舒服”。句意：你注意到她蒼白的臉沒？我覺得在昨天的聚會(huì)上，她不太舒服。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpointsperiodscountries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.Italsohashadclearandfirmnotionsofscholarlyprocedure:howoneinquiresintoahistoricalproblem,howonepresentsanddocumentsone'sfindings,whatconstitutesadmissibleandadequateproof.

Anyonewhohasfollowedrecenthistoricalliteraturecantestifytotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinhistoricalstudies.Thecurrentlyfashionablesubjectscomedirectlyfromthesociologycatalogchildhood,work,leisure.Thenewsubjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Wherehistoryoncewasprimarilynarrative,itisnowentirelyanalytiC.Theoldquestions"Whathappened?”and“Howdidithappen?havegivenwaytothequestion“Whydidithappen?”,ProminentamongthemethodsusedtoanswerthequestionWhy"ispsychoanalysis,anditsusehasgivenrisetopsychohistory.

Psychohistoiydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.ButthispragmaticuseofpsychologyisnotwhatpsychohistoriansintenD."Theyarecommitted,notjusttopsychologyingeneral,buttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.ThiscommitmentprecludesacommitmenttohistoryashistorianshavealwaysunderstooditPsychohistoryderivesitsfacts"notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfrompsychoanalysisoftheindividualswhomadehistoiy,anddeducesitstheoriesnotfromthisorthatinstanceintheirlives,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto.andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.Anditviolatesthebasictenetohistoricalmethod:thathistoriansbealerttothenegativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirthesesPsychohistories,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe"deepest"explanationofanyevent,thatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.

Psychohistoryisnotcontenttoviolatethedisciplineofhistory(inthesenseofthepropermodeofstudyingandwritingaboutthepast);italsoviolatesthepastitself.Itdeniestothepastanintegrityandwillofitsown,inwhichpeopleactedoutofavarietyofmotivesandinwhicheventshadamultiplicityofcausesandeffects.Itimposesuponthepastthesamedeterminesinthatitimposesuponthepresent,thusrobbingpeopleandeventsoftheirindividualityandoftheircomplexity.Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandcircumstances.

1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainpointofthepassage?

2.Thepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

3.Theauthormentionswhichofthefollowingasacharacteristicofthepracticeofpsychohistorians?

4.Theauthorofthepassageputstheword"deepest"(ParA.3)inquotationmarksmostprobablyinorderto（）.

5.Inpresentingheranalysis,theauthordoesallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theapproachofpsychohistorianstohistoricalstudyiscurrentlyinvogueeventhoughittackstherigorandverifiabilityoftraditionalhistoricalmethod

B.Traditionalhistorianscanbenefitfromstudyingthetechniquesandfindingsofpsychohistorians

C.Areasofsociologicalstudysuchaschildhoodandworkareoflittleinteresttotraditionalhistorians.

D.Thepsychologicalassessmentofanindividual'sbehaviorandattitudesismorenormativethanthedetailsofhisorherdailylife

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Whataresomespecificexamplesoftheuseofpsychohistoryinhistoricalinterpretation?

B.Whenweretheconventionsgoverningthepracticeoftraditionalhistoiyfirstestablished?

C.Whendotraditionalhistoriansconsiderpsychologicalexplanationsofhistoricalexplanationsofhistoricaldevelopmentsappropriate?

D.Whatisthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidencerequiredbytraditionalhistorians?

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thelivesofhistoricalfiguresarepresentedinepisodicratherthinnarrativeform

B.Archivesusedbypsychohistorianstogathermaterialarenotaccessibletootherscholars

C.Pastandcurrenteventsareallplacedwithinthesamedeterministicdiagram.

D.Eventsintheadultlifeofahistoricalfigureareseentobemoreconsequentialthanarethoseinthechildhoodofthefigure

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.signalherreservationsabouttheaccuracyofpsychohistoriars'claimsfortheirwork

B.drawattentiontoacontradictioninthepsychohistoriansmethod

C.emphasizethemajordifferencebetweenthetraditionalhistorians'methodandthatofhistorians

D.disassociateheropinionofthepsychohistorians'claimsfromheropinionoftheirmethod

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Makegeneralstatementswithoutreferencetospecificexamples

B.Describesomeofthecriteriaemployedbytraditionalhistorians

C.Questiontheadequacyofthepsycholistorians'interpretationofevents

D.Pointoutinconsistenciesinthepsychohistorians’applicationoftheirmethods

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀全文分析可見，本題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是包含“psychohistory”和“history”概念的選項(xiàng)，A項(xiàng)翻譯為：“心理學(xué)史家對(duì)歷史研究的態(tài)度，盡管它突破了傳統(tǒng)史學(xué)方法的嚴(yán)密性和可驗(yàn)證性，但目前仍在流行”。綜合考慮，該選項(xiàng)符合題意，正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文第三段“Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.”，中文翻譯為：“它（即心理、歷史學(xué)）否定歷史證據(jù)的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即歷史證據(jù)是大家都可以獲取的，因此可被所有的歷史學(xué)家評(píng)價(jià)”可推斷出D項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家需要的歷史證據(jù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么”正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵短語“psychohistorians”可以定位到答案信息在原文第三、四段。但是三、四段沒有給出本題答案的具體信息。綜合考慮，一般人們闡述問題的規(guī)律為：理論到實(shí)踐。故最佳答案為C項(xiàng)“過去和現(xiàn)在的事件都放在同一個(gè)確定性狀態(tài)圖中”。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文第三段“Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.”，中文翻譯為：它（即心理歷史學(xué)）否定歷史證據(jù)的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即歷史證據(jù)是大家都可以獲取的，因此可被所有的歷史學(xué)家評(píng)價(jià)。以及原文“Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories.”，中文翻譯為：“心理歷史學(xué)家確信自己理論的絕對(duì)正確?！苯Y(jié)合語境可以得出A項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。選項(xiàng)A可定位到文章第三段第六、七、八句，選項(xiàng)B可定位到文章第一段第一、二句，選項(xiàng)C可以定位到第三段的尾句。因此選擇D項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Thereiswidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccompaniedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.Whileindustriallaboratoriescontributedsuchimportantproductsasnylonandtransistors,independentinventorsdevelopedairconditioning,theautomatictransmission,thejetengine,thehelicopter,insulin,andstreptomycin.Stillotherinventions,suchasstainlesssteel,television,silicones,andPlexiglasweredevelopedthroughthecombinedeffortsofindividualsandlaboratoryteams.

Despitethesefinding,weareurgedtosupportmonopolisticpoweronthegroundsthatsuchpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources;thatonlythegiantcorporationorconglomerate,withitsprodigiousassets,canaffordthekindofexpendituresthatproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.Butwhenweexamineexpendituresforresearch,wefindthatofthemorethan$35billionspenteachyearinthiscountry,almosttwo-thirdsisspentbythefederalgovernment.Morethanhalfofthisgovernmentexpenditureisfunneledintomilitaryresearchandproductdevelopment,accountingfortheenormousincreaseinspendinginsuchindustriesasnuclearenergy,aircraft,missiles,andelectronics.Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswilleitherimproveourstandardoflivingordomuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.

Recenthistoryhasdemonstratedthatwemayhavetoalterourlongstandingconceptionoftheprocessactuatedbycompetition.Thepricevariable,onceperceivedasthedominantaspectoftheprocess,isnowsubordinatetothecompetitionofthenewproduct,thenewbusinessstructure,andthenewtechnology.Whileitcanbeassumedthatinahighlycompetitiveindustrynotdominatedbyasinglecorporation,investmentininnovation—ariskyandexpensivebudgetitem—mightmeetresistancefrommanagementandstockholdersconcernedaboutcost-cutting,efficientorganization,andlargeadvertisingbudgets,itwouldbeanegregiouserrortoequatethemonopolisticproducerwithbountifulexpendituresonresearch.Large-scaleenterprisestendtooperatemorecomfortablyinstableandsecurecircumstances,andtheirmanagerialbureaucraciestendtopromotethestatusquoandresistthethreatimplicitinchange.Moreover,insomecases,industrialgiantsfacedwithlittleornocompetitionseektoavoidthecapitallossresultingfromobsolescencebydeliberatelyobstructingtechnologicalprogress.Bycontrast,smallfirmsundeterredbylargeinvestmentsinplantandcapitalequipmentoftenaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesandnewproducts,investingininnovationinordertoexpandtheirmarketshares.

Theconglomeratesarenot,however,completelyexceptfromstrongcompetitivepressures.ThereareinstancesinwhichtheytoomustcompetewithanotherindustrialGoliath,andthentheirweaponsmayincludelargeexpendituresforinnovation.

36.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

37.Accordingtothepassage,importantinventionsofthetwentiethcentury（）.

38.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthesecondparagraphofthepassage?

39.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?

40.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostweakentheauthor’smainpoint?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advocateanincreaseingovernmentsupportoforganizedindustrialresearch

B.pointoutacommonmisconceptionabouttherelationshipbetweentheextentofindustrialresearchandthegrowthofmonopolisticpowerinindustry

C.describetheinadequaciesofsmallfirmsindealingwiththeimportantmatterofresearchandinnovation

D.showthatAmerica’sstrengthdependsuponindividualingenuityandresourcefulness

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.wereproducedlargelyasaresultofgovernmentalsupportformilitaryweaponsresearchanddevelopment.

B.cameprimarilyfromthehugelaboratoriesofmonopolisticindustries

C.wereproducedatleastasfrequentlybyindependentinventorsasbyresearchteams

D.havegreaterimpactonsmallerfirmsthanonconglomerates

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Expendituresforvariousaspectsofresearcharelisted.

B.Reasonsforsupportingmonopolisticpoweraregivenandthenquestioned.

C.Argumentsarepresentedforminimizingcompetitivebiddingforresearch.

D.Resourcesnecessaryforresearcharedefined.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Monopolisticpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.

B.Governmentalexpenditureformilitaryresearchwilldomuchtoprotectourdwindlingresources.

C.Industrialgiants,withtheirmanagerialbureaucracies,respondmorequicklytotechnologicalchangethansmallerfirmsdo.

D.Firmswithasmallshareofthemarketaggressivelypursueinnovationsbecausetheyarenotlockedintooldcapitalequipment.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Inthelastdecade,conglomerateshavesignificantlyincreasedtheirresearchbudgetsfordefensetechnology.

B.Taxrestructuringpermitssmallerfirmstowriteoffalargerpercentageofprofitsagainstresearch.

C.Aten-yearstudyoftheextentofresourcesdevotedtoresearchbysmallerenterprisesrevealsasteadydecline.

D.Militaryresearchisbeingdirectedmoreextensivelytospacetechnologythantoshort-rangemissiles.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】36.主旨目的題。文章第一段是全文的主題段，前兩句的對(duì)比指出了文章的主旨，“Thereiswidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccompaniedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.”即大型工業(yè)的發(fā)展不代表工業(yè)研究投入的增加。從而得出本題答案。

37.

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞importantinventions定位到原文第一段第二句?！癆recentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.（最近一項(xiàng)關(guān)于世紀(jì)之交以來重要發(fā)明的研究顯示，超過一半的發(fā)明是獨(dú)立于有組織的工業(yè)研究的單個(gè)發(fā)明家的發(fā)明。）”從而得出本題答案。

38.

細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段。第二段第二句“Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources;thatonlythegiantcorporationorconglomerate,withitsprodigiousassets,canaffordthekindofexpendituresthatproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.”指出，用于改善生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的研究只能由大型企業(yè)承擔(dān)，但在第三句“Butwhenweexamineexpendituresforresearch,wefindthatofthemorethan$35billionspenteachyearinthiscountry,almosttwo-thirdsisspentbythefederalgovernment.”又指出，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)政府支出的用于工業(yè)研究的資金有一大部分用于防御項(xiàng)目，有人對(duì)這些研究是否會(huì)提高生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提出質(zhì)疑。從而得出本題答案。

39.

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位第三段最后一句?！癇ycontrast,smallfirmsundeterredbylargeinvestmentsinplantandcapitalequipmentoftenaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesandnewproducts,investingininnovationinordertoexpandtheirmarketshares.（相比之下，小公司不受大型工廠和資本設(shè)備投資的阻礙，往往積極追求新技術(shù)和新產(chǎn)品，投資于創(chuàng)新，以擴(kuò)大其市場(chǎng)份額。）”即可得出本題答案。

40.

細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。通過閱讀文章后發(fā)現(xiàn)，作者的主要觀點(diǎn)是看好小公司的發(fā)展前途，所以削弱的話，必然是對(duì)小公司進(jìn)行負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)，從而得出本題答案。

12.單選題

Thistimehecouldaffordtomakenomistake:histeacherwasthere_______,watchingeverymove.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.athiselbow

B.offhishand

C.onhisfeet

D.inhiseyes

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.athiselbow近在手邊，在身邊B.offhishand（getsth.offofone’shand把某物從某人手上甩掉）

C.onhisfeet站立著D.inhiseyes在他眼里

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞watchingeverymove，可知他不能再犯錯(cuò)的原因是老師在關(guān)注他的一舉一動(dòng)，athiselbow符合語境，也就是說老師就在旁邊，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合語境。

【句意】這次他可不敢犯錯(cuò)了：他老師就在他身邊，注視著他的一舉一動(dòng)。

13.單選題

Thisarticledealswiththenatural______whichismostinterestingtoeveryone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.phenomenon

B.phenomena

C.phenomenons

D.phenomenas

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)phenomenon“現(xiàn)象；奇跡；杰出的人才”；B選項(xiàng)phenomena為phenomenon的復(fù)數(shù)形式，C選項(xiàng)phenomenons這種復(fù)數(shù)形式基本和“現(xiàn)象”無關(guān)，只用于特殊的人（事物）；非凡的人；特別的事情（或事實(shí)）；D選項(xiàng)phenomenas這種復(fù)數(shù)形式不存在。句意：這篇文章論述了大家最感興趣的自然現(xiàn)象。which后面的謂語動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)形式“is”，所以空格處也應(yīng)填單數(shù)形式，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Thailand'sPrimeMinistertoldthenationonalivetelevisionthatthegovernmentwasgoingto（）terrorists（）the"red-shirt"protesters.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hinder…from

B.distinguish…from

C.prevent..from

D.distinct…from

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。hinder…from妨礙，阻止；distinguish…from區(qū)分，辨別；prevent..from預(yù)防，防止；distinct…from與…不同。句意：泰國(guó)總理阿披實(shí)星期一在電視上對(duì)全國(guó)人民說，將把恐怖分子和紅衫軍抗議者區(qū)分開。只有B項(xiàng)符合句意。

15.單選題

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（

）aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.modifying

B.duplicating

C.accelerating

D.stimulating

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。modify“修改，更正”；duplicate“復(fù)制”；accelerate“使…加快”；stimulate“刺激，鼓舞”。句意：最近，媒體對(duì)兒童模仿電視上的暴力行為事件進(jìn)行了大量報(bào)道。B項(xiàng)符合句意，答案B

16.單選題

（

）thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Socleveraretheconstructionrobots

B.Soclevertheconstructionrobotsare

C.Suchconstructionrobotsareclever

D.Suchcleverconstructionrobotsare

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒裝。so…that和such…that句型中，so和such放于句首時(shí)，句子部分倒裝。故A項(xiàng)正確。句意：建筑機(jī)器人是如此聰明以至于它們最終減少了建筑工地上需要的90%的勞動(dòng)力。

17.單選題

Researcherswhoareunfamiliarwiththeculturalandethnicgroupstheyarestudyingmusttakeextraprecautionstoshedanybiasestheybringwiththemfromtheirownculture.Forexample,theymustmakesuretheyconstructmeasuresthataremeaningfulforeachoftheculturalorethnicminoritygroupsbeingstudies.

Inconductingresearchonculturalandethnicminorityissues,investigatorsdistinguishbetweentheemicapproachandtheeticapproach.Intheemicapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorinonecultureorethnicgroupintermsthataremeaningfulandimportanttothepeopleinthatcultureorethnicgroup,withoutregardtootherculturesorethnicgroups.Intheeticapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorsothatgeneralizationscanbemadeacrosscultures.Ifresearchersconstructaquestionnaireinaneticfashion,theirconcernisonlythattheirquestionsaremeaningfultotheparticularcultureorethnicgroupbeingstudied.If,however,theresearchersconstructaquestionnaireinaneticfashion,theywanttoincludequestionsthatreflectconceptsfamiliartoallculturesinvolved.

Howmighttheemicandeticapproachesbereflectedinthestudyoffamilyprocesses?Intheemicapproach7theresearchersmightchoosetofocusonlyonmiddle-classWhitefamilies,withoutregardforwhethertheinformationobtainedinthestudycanbegeneralizedorisappropriateforethnicminoritygroups.Inasubsequentstudy,theresearchersmaydecidetoadoptaneticapproachbystudyingnotonlymiddle-classWhitefamilies,butalsolower-incomeWhitefamilies,AfricanAmericanfamilies,SpanishAmericanfamilies,andAsianAmericanfamilies.Instudyingethnicminorityfamilies,theresearcherswouldlikelydiscoverthattheextendedfamilyismorefrequentlyasupportsysteminethnicminorityfamiliesthaninWhiteAmericanfamilies.Ifso,theemicapproachwouldrevealadifferentpatternoffamilyinteractionthanwouldtheeticapproach,documentingthatresearchwithmiddle-classWhitefamiliescannotalwaysbegeneralizedtoallethnicgroups.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,researchersunfamiliarwiththetargetculturesareinclinedto（

）.

2.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheemicapproachandtheeticapproach?

3.Comparedwiththeeticapproach,theemicapproachisapparentlymore（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUEoftheethnicminorityfamiliesintheU.S?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beovercautiousinconstructingmeaningfulmeasures

B.viewthemfromtheirownculturalperspective

C.guardagainstinterferencefromtheirownculture

D.acceptreadilywhatisalientotheirownculture

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavedifferentresearchfocusesinthestudyofethnicissues

B.Theformerisbiasedwhilethelatterisobjective.

C.Theformerconcentratesonthestudyofculturewhilethelatteronfamilyissues.

D.Theyarebothheavilydependentonquestionnairesinconductingsurveys.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.culturallyinteractive

B.culture-oriented

C.culturallybiased

D.culture-specific

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theirculturalpatternsareusuallymoreadaptable.

B.Theirculturalconceptsaredifficulttocomprehend.

C.Theydon'tinteractwitheachothersomuchasWhitefamilies.

D.TheyhavecloserfamilytiesthanWhitefamilies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由第一段“Researcherswhoareunfamiliarwiththeculturalandethnicgroupstheyarestudyingmusttakeextraprecautionstoshedanybiasestheybringwiththemfromtheirownculture.不熟悉他們所研究的文化和種族群體的研究人員必須采取額外的預(yù)防措施，以擺脫他們從自己的文化帶來的任何偏見?！笨芍芯空咴谘芯磕吧幕瘯r(shí)有從自己的文化出發(fā)的傾向。答案B

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Intheemicapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorinonecultureorethnicgroupintermsthataremeaningfulandimportanttothepeopleinthatcultureorethnicgroup,withoutregardtootherculturesorethnicgroups.Intheeticapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorsothatgeneralizationscanbemadeacrosscultures.在主位研究法中，目標(biāo)是用描述一種對(duì)某一種文化或民族有意義并且重要的行為，而不考慮其他文化或民族。在客位研究方法中，目標(biāo)是描述一些適用于不同文化的行為?！笨芍@兩種研究的重心不同。答案A

第3題:推理判斷題。通過上題以及對(duì)第二段和第三段的理解可知，emicapproach主位研究法偏向于研究某一個(gè)群體的文化；eticapproach客位研究法研究不同文化的共同之處。答案D

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Instudyingethnicminorityfamilies,theresearcherswouldlikelydiscoverthattheextendedfamilyismorefrequentlyasupportsysteminethnicminorityfamiliesthaninWhiteAmericanfamilies.在研究少數(shù)民族家庭時(shí)，研究人員可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，與美國(guó)白人家庭相比，少數(shù)民族家庭中的大家庭更具有支撐地位。”可推知少數(shù)民族家庭比白人家庭有更親密的親情關(guān)系。答案D

18.單選題

Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,（）thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onoccasion

B.onpurpose

C.oncondition

D.onlyif

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他要我借給他一些錢，我答應(yīng)了，但條件是他下星期還錢。

考查短語辨析。onoccasion偶爾，有時(shí)；onpurpose故意；oncondition在……條件下，如果；onlyif只要，只有?？崭袼诰湔f的是借錢的條件，因此C項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

（）itshotsunandbeautifulbeaches,Hawaiiisafineplacetoliveinortovisit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.As

B.For

C.From

D.With

【答案】D

【解析】空格后面的“itshotsunandbeautifulbeaches”是一個(gè)名詞短語,因此不能用連詞,連詞是用于句子與句子之間的連接的,所以這里應(yīng)用介詞with,意為“憑借”。選項(xiàng)D正確。

20.單選題

Lifeisinterestingtopeoplewho（

）themselvestonewideas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.present

B.exhibit

C.expose

D.explain

【答案】C

【解析】句意:對(duì)于讓自己接觸新觀點(diǎn)的人而言，生活是有意思的。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Present把…交給,頒發(fā),授予,提出,提交;exhibit展覽,陳列,展示;expose使面臨,使暴露,使曝光,常與to連用表示“使接觸……，使受到……的影響”;explain說明,解釋。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞newideas(新觀點(diǎn))可知C符合句意。

21.單選題

Theheavysnow_________travel,sohehadtostayhereformoredays.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impeached

B.impelled

C.impeded

D.imparted

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。impeached“歸咎，彈劾”；impelled“推進(jìn)，促使”；impeded“阻礙”；imparted“給予，傳授，告知”。句意：大雪阻礙了旅行，所以他必須在這兒多待幾天。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

22.單選題

______referstothatwhichisdeserted,laidwaste,solitary,forsaken.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Isolation

B.Consolation

C.Desolation

D.Dislocation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)isolation“隔離”，B項(xiàng)consolation“安慰，慰問”，C項(xiàng)desolation“孤寂”，D項(xiàng)dislocation“轉(zhuǎn)位，混亂”。根據(jù)空格后面的句子意思“……指的是那些被遺棄，荒廢，孤獨(dú)，被遺棄的”可知，空格部分填入desolation符合語境。句意：荒涼是指被拋棄，荒廢，孤獨(dú)，被遺棄。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

Wearenotonverygood（）withthepeoplenex