考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱城市職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱城市職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Bankingisaboutmoney;andnootherfamiliarcommodityarousessuchexcessesofpassionanddislike.Noristhereanyotheraboutwhichmorenonsenseistalked.Thetypeofthingthatcomestomindisnotwhatisnormallycalledeconomics,whichisinexactratherthannonsensical,andonlyinthesamewayasallsciencesareatthepointwheretheytrytopredictpeople’sbehavioranditsconsequences.Indeedmostsocialsciencesand,forexample,medicinecouldprobablybedescribedinthesameway.

However,itiscommontohearassertionsofthekind“ifyouwereleftaloneonadesertislandafewseedpotatoeswouldbemoreusetoyouthanamillionpounds”asthoughthisprovessomethingimportantaboutmoneyexcepttheundeniablefactthatitwouldnotbemuchusetoanyoneinasituationwhereveryfewofusareatalllikelytofindourselves.Moneyinfactisatoken,orsymbolicobject,exchangeableondemandbyitsholdersforgoodsandservices.Itsuseforthesepurposesisuniversalexceptwithinasmallnumberofprimitiveagriculturalcommunities.

Moneyandthepricemechanism,i.e.,thechangesinpricesexpressedinmoneytermsofdifferentgoodsandservices,arethemeansbywhichallmodernsocietiesregulatedemandandsupplyforthesethings.Especiallyimportantaretherelativechangesinpriceofdifferentgoodsandservicescomparedwitheachother.Totakerandomexamples:thepriceofhouse-buildinghasoverthepastfiveyearsrisenagooddealfasterthanthatofdomesticapplianceslikerefrigerators,butslowerthanthatofmotorinsuranceorFrenchImpressionistpaintings.Thisfacthascompleximplicationsforstudentsoftheindustry,tradeunionism,townplanning,insurancecompanies,fineartsuctions,andpolitics.Unpackingtheseimplicationsiswhateconomicsisabout,buttheirimplicationsforbankersarequitedifferent.

Ingeneral,inmodernindustrializedsocieties,pricesofservicesorgoodsproducedinacontextrequiringahighservice-content(e.g.amealinarestaurant)arescale.Itisalsoacharacteristicofhighlydevelopedeconomiesthatthenumberofworkersemployedinserviceindustriestendstoriseandthatofworkersemployedinmanufacturingtofall.Thediscomfortthistruthcauseshasbeenanimportantsourceoftensioninwesternpoliticallifeformanyyearsandislikelytoremainsoformanymore.

1.Accordingtothepassageeconomicsis（

）.

2.Inthewriter’sview,theassertionthatmoneywouldbeuselessonadesertinland（

）.

3.Modernsocietiescontrolsupplyanddemand（

）.

4.Thewritersuggeststhateconomicsisconcernedwith（

）.

5.Indevelopedeconomies,serviceindustries（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.similartoothersocialsciencesbecausealotofnonsenseistalkedaboutit

B.differentfromsocialscienceswhichtrytoforecastthewaypeoplebehave

C.similartoothersocialsciencesbecauseitcanforetellthetomorrow

D.differentfromsciencessuchasmedicine

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.illustratesonelimitationtotheimportanceofmoney

B.isonlyofimportancetopeoplestrandedinsuchplaces

C.provesthattherearemanysituationsinwhichmoneyisirrelevant

D.tellsusnothingofsignificanceaboutmoneyinacertainsituation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.bydirectinterventioninthepricingofgoodsandservices

B.bymeansofmoneyandthepricemechanism

C.bykeepingawatchfuleyeonrelativepricechanges

D.byfixingpricesinspecificindustries

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.explainingtobankersthepricechanges

B.understandingtheeffectofrelativepricechanges

C.tryingtounderstandwhysomepricesrisefast

D.thesamefinancialconsiderationsasbanking

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.tendtoemployanincreasingnumberofpeople

B.employmorepeoplethanmanufacturingindustriesdo

C.causeproblemsforthewhitecollarunions

D.trytoreducetheiremployeestocombatrisingcosts

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段第三句Thetypeofthingthatcomestomindisnotwhatisnormallycalledeconomics,whichisinexactratherthannonsensical,andonlyinthesamewayasallsciencesareatthepointwheretheytrytopredictpeople’sbehavioranditsconsequences從這句可知經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)在試圖預(yù)測(cè)人們的行為模式及其后果方面與其他科學(xué)存在共同點(diǎn)，但是在其他方面則不一樣。選項(xiàng)D“與其他科學(xué)不同，比如醫(yī)學(xué)”。

2.文章第二段thisprovessomethingimportantaboutmoneyexcepttheundeniablefactthatitwouldnotbemuchusetoanyoneinasituationwhereveryfewofusareatalllikelytofindourselves提到這似乎證明了金錢的一個(gè)要義，但卻無(wú)法說(shuō)明一個(gè)不容否認(rèn)的事實(shí)，那就是極少有人會(huì)陷身于這種金錢無(wú)用的境地。選項(xiàng)D符合題意，“金錢在特定的條件下是沒有用的”。

3.文章第三段第一句Moneyandthepricemechanism,i.e.,thechangesinpricesexpressedinmoneytermsofdifferentgoodsandservices,arethemeansbywhichallmodernsocietiesregulatedemandandsupplyforthesethings提到金錢和價(jià)格機(jī)制，即用金錢形式的價(jià)格變化來(lái)表現(xiàn)不同商品和服務(wù)，是所有現(xiàn)代社會(huì)用以調(diào)節(jié)這些東西供需的方式，選項(xiàng)B“通過(guò)金錢和價(jià)格機(jī)制”符合題意。

4.文章第三段第二句Especiallyimportantaretherelativechangesinpriceofdifferentgoodsandservicescomparedwitheachother提到不同商品或服務(wù)價(jià)格上的相應(yīng)變化尤其重要；第三段最后一句話Unpackingtheseimplicationsiswhateconomicsisabout,buttheirimplicationsforbankersarequitedifferent提到揭開這些含意就是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)要做的，但是這些含意對(duì)銀行家來(lái)說(shuō)又很不一樣。由這兩處可以得知經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)主要是了解相對(duì)價(jià)格變化的含意。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.文章最后一段Itisalsoacharacteristicofhighlydevelopedeconomiesthatthenumberofworkersemployedinserviceindustriestendstoriseandthatofworkersemployedinmanufacturingtofall提到高度發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)就是服務(wù)行業(yè)的就業(yè)人數(shù)在增長(zhǎng)，而制造業(yè)的工人數(shù)量在減少。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.翻譯題

SectionAEnglishtoChinese(15points)

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

56.Incomparisonwithmilitary,politicalandeconomicsecurity,ecologicalsecurityhasawiderinfluenceonthecommonpeoplelivinginacountry.Onceitsecologicalenvironmentisdestroyed,thefuturesurvivalofthewholenation,especiallythepoorwillbehorriblyundermined,anditwillbeextremelydifficultforageneration,oreventensofgenerationstoreclaimtheenvironmentonceecologicaldeteriorationgoesbeyondacertainthreshold.AlthoughprotectionoftheenvironmenthaslongbeenamatterofbasicstatepolicyfortheChinesegovernment,itisaundeniablefactthat,onthewhole,effortstoimprovetheenvironmenthavelargelyfailedtomatchdestructiveforcesworkingagainstthem.

57.Thisbookderiversfromdecadesofteachinginvariousschoolsacrossthecountry.Itisbasedonthebeliefthatphilosophyisagenuinelyexcitingsubject,accessiblenotonlytospecialistsandafewgiftedundergraduatemajorsbuttoeveryone.Everyoneisaphilosopherwhetherenrolledinaphilosophicalcourseornot.Thedifferenceisthatsomeonewhohasstudiedphilosophysystematicallyhastheadvantageofhavingencounteredstrongerandmorevariedargumentsthanmighthavebeenavailableotherwise.Whatisspecialaboutthisbookisthatisoffersintroductorystudentstheotherwiseopportunityofhavingdirectcontactwithsubstantialreadingsfromsignificantbooksonphilosophy,butwithouttheunreasonabledemandthattheyconfrontthesebooksinfull,whichareoftenincomprehensible.

58.What’sstrangeaboutmanisthathehasyettolearntosettledisputesbysomemeansotherthanwar.Notonlydoeswartakeaheavytolloflives,butleadstoincreasedtension.Theuseofsophisticatedweaponsisapttobringaboutdisasterstohumanhealthalthoughthereluctancetoeliminateweaponsofmassdestructiononthepartofthebigpowerswillnotnecessarilyendupwithconflicts.Thechancesarethatmanwillhavehisowncivilizationdestroyedifthenotionofthesurvivalofthefitteststillappliestotheinternationalcommunity.Wecannothelpwonderinghowmanyyearsitwilltakefortheworldtoeliminatewaronceforall.

SectionBChinesetoEnglish(20points)

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

59.擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的長(zhǎng)期戰(zhàn)略方針和基本立足點(diǎn)，也是促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)均衡發(fā)展的根本途徑和內(nèi)在要求。(5points)

60.近年來(lái)我國(guó)收入差距不斷擴(kuò)大已成為不爭(zhēng)的事實(shí)，收入分配的公平問(wèn)題越來(lái)越受到公眾的高度關(guān)注。(5points)

61.實(shí)現(xiàn)義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展已經(jīng)成為社會(huì)共識(shí)，但是，我國(guó)目前財(cái)政教育經(jīng)費(fèi)投入不足，教育資源分配結(jié)構(gòu)也不合理，地區(qū)教育公共服務(wù)的提供依然存在較大的差異。(6points)

62.文化是某一特定人群所有傳統(tǒng)、習(xí)俗、信仰和各種生活方式的總和。(4points)

【答案】SectionAEnglishtoChinese

56.一旦生態(tài)環(huán)境遭到破壞，整個(gè)國(guó)家，尤其是窮人將來(lái)的生存將會(huì)受到極大的損害，而且一旦生態(tài)惡化超過(guò)一定限度，那么一代人，甚至幾十代人要想重新修復(fù)環(huán)境都極為困難。盡管保護(hù)環(huán)境一直是中國(guó)政府制定的一項(xiàng)基本國(guó)策，然而一個(gè)不可否認(rèn)的事實(shí)是，總的來(lái)說(shuō)，改善環(huán)境的種種努力很大程度上未能抵抗破壞環(huán)境的力量。

57.它基于以下觀點(diǎn)：哲學(xué)的確是一門有趣的學(xué)科，不僅專家和有的具有天賦的本科生可以理解哲學(xué)，人人都可理解。不論是否上過(guò)哲學(xué)課，每個(gè)人都是哲學(xué)家。區(qū)別在于：系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)哲學(xué)的人具有這樣的優(yōu)勢(shì)，他們遇到的論點(diǎn)要比以其他方式遇到的論點(diǎn)更有說(shuō)服力、種類更多。該書的特點(diǎn)是：它使初學(xué)者有機(jī)會(huì)直接接觸選自重要哲學(xué)著作并有實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容的讀物，但并不過(guò)分地要求學(xué)生必須通讀這些很難讀懂的書籍。

58.盡管大國(guó)不愿意銷毀大規(guī)模殺傷性武器的心理不一定導(dǎo)致沖突，但尖端武器的使用會(huì)給人類健康帶來(lái)災(zāi)難。如果適者生存（或優(yōu)勝劣汰）這觀念仍使用于國(guó)際社會(huì)，那么人類的文明就很可能遭到毀滅。我們不禁要問(wèn)世界需要多少年才能徹底消滅戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

SectionBChinesetoEnglish

59.Expansionofdomesticdemandisalong-termstrategicapproachinourcountry’seconomicdevelopmentandbasicstandpoint,andalsotopromotebalancedeconomicdevelopmentwithinthefundamentalapproachandtherequired.

60.Inrecentyears,thewideningofincomegaphasbecomeanindisputablefact,andthefairnessofincomedistributionhasbeenpaidmoreandmoreattentionbythepublic.

61.Ithasbecomeasocialconsensustorealizethebalanceddevelopmentofcompulsoryeducation.However,becausenationalexpenditureoneducationisinsufficient,andthedistributionstructureofeducationresourcesisunreasonable,therearestillgreatdifferencesintheprovisionofeducationalpublicservicesindifferentregions.

62.Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customs,beliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.

3.單選題

Afterawholeday’sheavywork，theoldworkerreturnedhome,（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hungryandfeltexhausting

B.hungerandexhausted

C.hungryandhavingbeenexhausted

D.hungryandexhausted

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞作狀語(yǔ)。題干的主語(yǔ)是theoldworker,空格處填兩個(gè)形容詞來(lái)修飾主語(yǔ)。根據(jù)前一句“在一天的勞累工作之后”可知這個(gè)老工人是饑餓并且疲憊的。exhausting使筋疲力盡的；exhausted疲憊的。故D項(xiàng)正確。句意：在經(jīng)歷一天的勞累工作后，這個(gè)老工人帶著饑餓和疲憊回家了。

4.單選題

Hisshirtfactoryisgrowingsofastthathemust（

）moreworkers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeon

B.takeup

C.takeout

D.takeover

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。takeon意為“承擔(dān)，接受，雇用”；takeup意為“開始從事”；takeout意為“取出，除去”；takeover意為“接收，接管”。

句意：他的襯衫工廠發(fā)展很快，以至于他必須雇傭更多的工人。

5.單選題

IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1995,thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthecountry___soserious.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldn’tbe

B.wouldn’thavebeen

C.willnotbe

D.wouldhavenotbeen

【答案】A

【解析】考查錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句。第一句是虛擬過(guò)去時(shí)IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1995(had=過(guò)去時(shí))，但第二句thehousingproblemsnow，關(guān)鍵是now，表示現(xiàn)在，時(shí)態(tài)發(fā)生改變。變?yōu)殄e(cuò)綜虛擬條件句，即條件從句與主句所指時(shí)間不一致，如從句指過(guò)去，而主句即指的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，此時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境情調(diào)整。句意：如果美國(guó)在1995年為窮人建造更多的住房，現(xiàn)在美國(guó)一些地區(qū)的住房問(wèn)題就不會(huì)那么嚴(yán)重。本句表示如果以前怎樣，那現(xiàn)在的問(wèn)題就不會(huì)那么嚴(yán)重，主句時(shí)態(tài)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+現(xiàn)在時(shí)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.翻譯題

ItwasonlyafterIstartedtowriteaweeklycolumnaboutthemedicaljournals,andbegantoreadscientificpapersfrombeginningtoend,thatIrealizedjusthowbadmuchofthemedicalliteraturefrequentlywas.Icametorecognizevarioussignsofabadpaper:thekindofpaperthatpurportstoshowthatpeoplewhoeatmorethanonekiloofbroccoliaweekwere1.17timesmorelikelythanthosewhoeatlesstosufferlateinlifefromperniciousanaemia.(1)Thereisagreatdealofthiskindofnonsenseinthemedicaljournalswhich,whentakenupbybroadcastersandthelaypress,generatesbothhealthscaresandshort-liveddietaryenthusiasms.

Whyissomuchbadsciencepublished?Arecentpaper,titled“TheNaturalSelectionofBadScience”,publishedontheRoyalSociety'sopensciencewebsite,attemptstoanswerthisintriguingandimportantquestion.Itsaysthattheproblemisnotmerelythatpeopledobadscience,butthatourcurrentsystemofcareeradvancementpositivelyencouragesit.Whatisimportantisnottruth,butpublication,whichhasbecomealmostanendinitself.Therehasbeenakindofinflationaryprocessatwork:(2)nowadaysanyoneapplyingforaresearchposthastohavepublishedtwicethenumberofpapersthatwouldhavebeenrequiredforthesamepostonly10yearsago.Nevermindthequality,then,countthenumber.

(3)Attemptshavebeenmadetocurbthistendency,forexample,bytryingtoincorporatesomemeasureofqualityaswellasquantityintotheassessmentofanapplicant'spaper.Thisisthefamedcitationindex,thatistosaythenumberoftimesapaperhasbeenquotedelsewhereinthescientificliterature,theassumptionbeingthatanimportantpaperwillbecitedmoreoftenthanoneofsmallaccount.(4)Thiswouldbereasonableifitwerenotforthefactthatscientistscaneasilyarrangetocitethemselvesintheirfuturepublications,orgetassociatestodosofortheminreturnforsimilarfavours.

Boilingdownanindividual'soutputtosimplemetrics,suchasnumberofpublicationsorjournalimpacts,entailsconsiderablesavingsintime,energyandambiguity.Unfortunately,thelong-termcostsofusingsimplequantitativemetricstoassessresearchermeritarelikelytobequitegreat.(5)Ifweareseriousaboutensuringthatourscienceisbothmeaningfulandreproducible,wemustensurethatourinstitutionsencouragethatkindofscience.

【答案】1.【參考譯文】醫(yī)學(xué)期刊中由有多類似的無(wú)稽之談，這些說(shuō)法一旦被廣播公司和新聞媒體報(bào)道，就會(huì)引發(fā)健康恐慌和短暫的飲食熱潮。

2.【參考譯文】如今，任何申請(qǐng)研究職位的人都必須發(fā)表兩倍于10年前同一職位所需的論文數(shù)量。

3.【參考譯文】人們已經(jīng)做出努力來(lái)遏制這種趨勢(shì)，例如，將質(zhì)量和數(shù)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)納入申請(qǐng)者的論文評(píng)估中。

4.【參考譯文】如果不是因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)家們可以很容易地在未來(lái)的出版物中引用自己的觀點(diǎn)，或者讓同事為他們這樣做以換取類似的好處，這將是合理的。

5.【參考譯文】如果我們確實(shí)要保證我們的科學(xué)既有意義又可再生，那么我們必須確保我們的機(jī)構(gòu)鼓勵(lì)這種科學(xué)的進(jìn)步。

7.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

宇宙間繁星密布，人們以為這之中有一些如我們的太陽(yáng)一樣為行星環(huán)繞，而在這些行星上可能存在有智能的生物，或許他們比我們更先進(jìn)。所以有可能在百萬(wàn)年左右某些生物乘坐自己的飛船穿越太空時(shí)，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的某艘“旅行者(Voyager)”號(hào)飛船。星球之間的距離十分遙遠(yuǎn)，這樣的一次相聚可能性極小，但這并不是完全不可能的?？茖W(xué)家希望有機(jī)會(huì)和我們遙遠(yuǎn)的鄰居傳遞信息，讓他們知道我們這個(gè)藍(lán)色的星球曾經(jīng)是相當(dāng)聰明的、多少有點(diǎn)文明的人類的家園。

【答案】Amongthestarswhichdottheuniverse,peoplethinkthattherearesomestarsencircledbyplanetslikeoursunandintelligentcreaturesmayliveontheseplanets,maybetheyaremoreadvancedthanus.Soitispossiblethatwhensomecreaturestaketheirownspacecraftthroughspaceaboutonemillionyearslater,theywillfindoneofour“Voyager”spacecraft.Thedistancebetweenplanetsissofarawaythatthechanceofsuchameetingisverysmall,butthisisnotentirelyimpossible.Scientistshopetohavetheopportunitytopassinformationtoourdistantneighbors,lettingthemknowourblueplanetusedtobethehomelandofhumanbeingwhoisveryintelligentandsomewhatcivilized.

8.翻譯題

1.Heresearchersalsoused“cloudcomputing”services,whichprovidelotsofcheapprocessingpower.AndtheywenttosocialnetworkslikeFacebookandLinkedln,wheremostuserspostrealnamesandphotosofthemselves.

2.Thenotionordenyinggaysthespousalrightsavailabletoothersmakeslittlesensetoagenerationthatseesmarriageatleastasmuchasaunionofsoul-matesasaformalstructureforchild-rearing.

3.不像在西方的政黨，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨，是開創(chuàng)性的黨，是全心全意致力于為人民服務(wù)的黨。然而，如果中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨未能履行其承諾，也有可能侵蝕黨執(zhí)政的基石。

4.南寧華潤(rùn)萬(wàn)家城是目前廣西最大一站式購(gòu)物中心，擁有PRADA、GUCCI、BURRERRY、ShiatzyChen、OMEGA、Cartier等超千個(gè)國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)知名品牌以及各國(guó)特色餐飲等休閑消費(fèi)購(gòu)物娛樂設(shè)施。

5.我的最大愛好是沉思默想。我可以一個(gè)人長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地獨(dú)處而感到愉快。獨(dú)享歡樂是一種愉快，獨(dú)自憂傷也是一種愉快。孤獨(dú)的時(shí)候，精神不會(huì)是一片純粹的空白，它仍然是一個(gè)豐富多彩的世界。

【答案】1.研究者還使用了“云計(jì)算”服務(wù)，因?yàn)樗哂泻軓?qiáng)的處理能力，而且價(jià)格低廉。他們常上Facebook和Linkedln等社交網(wǎng)站，那里大多數(shù)的用戶使用自己真實(shí)的名字和照片。

2.這一代的年輕人將婚姻視作靈魂上的伴侶和名正言順的生兒育女，至少，他（她）們認(rèn)為兩者同等重要。因此，異性有權(quán)利結(jié)婚，而同性卻不能夠，年輕人對(duì)此種想法表示無(wú)法理解。

3.UnlikepoliticalpartiesintheWest,theCPC,apioneeringparty,iscommittedtowholeheartedlyservingthepeople.However,thecornerstoneoftheParty’sgovernancemaybeerodediftheCPCfailstofulfillitscommitment.

4.TheMixcinNanningisnowthebiggestone-stopmallinGuangxiProvince,havingfacilitieswithleisureconsumption,shoppingandentertainment,whichincludethousandsofinternationalanddomesticfamousbrands,suchasPRADA,GUCCI,BURBERRY,andShiatzyChen,OMEGA,andCartier,aswellasspecialrestaurantsfromdifferentcountries.

5.Mygreatesthobbyismeditation.Icanstayinsolitudeforalongtimewithoutfeelingunpleasant.Toenjoyhappinessbyoneselfisapleasure;tobearsadnessaloneisalsoapleasure.Whenyoustayalone,yourmindwillnotfallintoacompleteblank,butremaininavariedandcolorfulworld.

9.單選題

TheplanetVenus,likeEarth,spinsonitsown（）asitorbitstheSun.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.splinter

B.index

C.axis

D.trace

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)splinter“碎片”；B選項(xiàng)index“指數(shù)”；C選項(xiàng)axis“軸線”；D選項(xiàng)trace“痕跡”。句意：金星和地球一樣，繞著太陽(yáng)公轉(zhuǎn)，也繞著自己的軸心自轉(zhuǎn)。本句表示自轉(zhuǎn)軸。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.翻譯題

Thehistoryofecologicalchangeisstillsoelementarythatweknowlittleaboutwhatreallyhappened,orwhattheresultswere.ThedestructionoftheEuropeanaurochsaslateas1627wouldseemtohavebeenasimplecaseofoverenthusiastichunting.Onmorecomplexmattersitoftenisimpossibletofindsolidinformation.ForathousandyearsormoretheFrisiansandNetherlandershavebeenpushingbacktheNorthSea,andtheprocessisculminatinginourowntimeinthereclamationoftheZuiderZee.What,ifany,speciesofanimals,birds,fish,shorelife,orplantshavediedoutintheprocess?IntheirheroiccombatwiththeseahavetheNetherlandersoverlookedecologicalvaluesinsuchawaythatthequalityofhumanlifeintheNetherlandshassuffered?Icannotdiscoverthatthequestionshaveeverbeenasked,muchlessanswered.

(1)People,then,haveoftenbeenadynamicelementintheirownenvironment,butinthepresentstateofhistoricalscholarshipweusuallydoknowexactlywhen,where,orwithwhateffectsman-inducedchangescame.Asweenterthelastthirdofthe20thcentury,howeverfortheproblemofecologicalbacklashismountingfeverishly.Naturalscience,conceivedastheefforttounderstandthenatureofthings,hadflourishedinseveralerasandamongseveralpeoples.Similarlytherehadbeenanage-oldaccumulationoftechnologicalskills,sometimesgrowingrapidly,sometimesslowly.ButitwasnotuntilaboutfourgenerationsagothatWesternEuropeandNorthAmericaarrangedamarriagebetweenscienceandtechnology,aunionofthetheoreticalandtheempiricalapproachestoournaturalenvironment.TheemergenceinwidespreadpracticeoftheBaconianbeliefthatscientificknowledgemeanstechnologicalpowerovernaturecanscarcelybedatedbeforeabout1850,saveinthechemicalindustries,whereitisanticipatedinthe18thcentury.(2)Itsacceptanceasanormalpatternofactionmaymarkthegreatesteventinhumanhistorysincetheinventionofagriculture,andperhapsinnonhumanearthhistoryaswell.

【答案】1.因此，人們?cè)谒麄冏约旱沫h(huán)境中常常是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的因素，但在目前的歷史學(xué)術(shù)狀態(tài)下，我們通常確實(shí)知道人為的變化在何時(shí)、何地或以何種影響出現(xiàn)。

2.它被接受為一種正常的行為模式，可能標(biāo)志著自農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)明以來(lái)人類歷史上最重大的事件，也許在非人類的地球歷史上也是如此。

11.單選題

Playsareanimportantformofentertainmentinmostcountries.TwokindsofdramauniquetoJapanareNohandKabuki.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.Butthesimilaritiesendthere.

Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.Realgoldisusedonthem.Ontheotherhand,Nohcostumesarequitesimple.Kabukistagesarehuge.Thestagesetsareelaborate.Nohstagesareonly18feet(5.4meters)square.Theonlysceneryusedisbackgroundwallwithatreepaintedonit.AscenechangeswhentheNohactorschangetheirplaces.Theaudiencemustusealotofimaginations.

Nohplaysstartedinthefourteenthcenturytoentertaintheupperclass.Theformoftheplayhasnotchangedmuchsincethattime.AllpartsofaNohplaymustfollowacertainsetofrules.ToapersonunfamiliarwithNohdrama,aNohactormaylookasifheissleepwalking.Theactionoftheplayisslow.Everymovementiscontrolled.Certainactionsstandforcertainthings.Forexample,afewstepsforwardmeantheendofajourney.AnimportantpartofaNohplayisthechorusthatchantsmuchofthestory.

Kabukiplaysweredevelopedintheseventeenthcenturyforthecommonpeople.Theatrewasthemainamusementofthemerchantsofthattime.Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.Thecolorfulcostumesreflecttheirgaymoods.Theheroesareoftenwarriorswhoperformdaringfeats.Theplayerswearthickmakeup.Theyexaggeratetheirmovementsandfacialexpressionstocommunicatefeeling.

MusicisveryimportanttoKabukiplays,Kabukiactorssing,dance,andspeaktheirlineswhilethemusicisplayedinthebackground.Themusicmaysoundstrangeatfirst,butitmakestheactiononthestagemoreexciting.Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.

1.WhatdoNohandKabukishareincommon?

2.WhichstatementistrueabouttheKabukiplays?

3.OneofthedifferencesbetweenNohandKabukiplaysisthat（

）.

4.Kabukiplayscaninformusabout

（

）.

5.WhatmusicalinstrumentsareusedinKabukiplays?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.

B.Womenperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinthebeginning.

C.Bothmen'sandwomen'spartswereplayedbymalesintheearlierperiod.

D.BothAandC.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Costumesarefunny,lightandrough.

B.Stagesare18feetsquare.

C.Abackgroundwithatreepaintedonitistheonlyscenery.

D.Theperformersmustusealltheirimaginations.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Nohisslower

B.Nohissimpler

C.Nohismorecolorful

D.Nohismoreexciting

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.likesanddislikesofthe17thcenturycommonpeople

B.thetastesofthe17thcenturyJapanesemerchants

C.thelifestyleoftherulingclass

D.thecourageousdeedsofthesoldiers

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Flutes,gongsandtwoblocksofwood.

B.Drumsandsamisens.

C.Gongs,drumsandwoodenhammers.

D.AandB.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的三四句“Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.”兩種戲劇都使用音樂。最初，男性在能劇和歌舞伎劇中同時(shí)扮演男性和女性角色。選項(xiàng)A和C均正確，所以本題選D。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.”可知選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)B和C都是描述能劇的，所以只有選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后三段的內(nèi)容可知，選項(xiàng)C和D是描述歌舞伎劇，首先排除；選項(xiàng)B在文中沒有提及；選項(xiàng)A符合原文，所以正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第三句“Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.”歌舞伎劇清楚地展現(xiàn)了這些商人的品味和思想。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后幾句“Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.”可知選項(xiàng)A和B都有提及，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

12.單選題

Ethnicityshouldnotbethesolecriteriaintherestructuringprocessbecauseithasthe（）powertolullconsciousnessoftheimplementersandmakethem（）thosewhoarefromdifferentgroups.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dominant...bearthesightof

B.disproportionate...settheirsightson

C.uncannylosesightof

D.inherent...catchsightof

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析和固定搭配。dominant“占優(yōu)勢(shì)的，支配的”；沒有搭配bearthesightof，選項(xiàng)A可排除。disproportionate“不成比例的”；setone'ssighton“以為目標(biāo)”；uncanny“神秘的，離奇的”；losesightof“忽視，不看”；inherent“固有的，內(nèi)在的”；catchsightof“看見”。句意：種族不應(yīng)該成為改進(jìn)進(jìn)程的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，因?yàn)樗幸环N內(nèi)在的力量減弱主體意識(shí)，并且使他們看到來(lái)自不同群體的成員。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

13.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese

Deathisasubjectthatisevaded,ignored,anddeniedbyouryouth-worshiping,process-orient.edsociety.Itisalmostaswehavetakenondeathasjustanotherdiseasetobeconquered.Butthefactisthatdeathisinevitable.Wewillalldie;itisonlyamatteroftime.Deathisasmuchapartofhumanexistence,ofhumangrowthanddevelopment,asbeingborn.Itisoneofthefewthingsinlifewecancounton,thatwecanbeassuredwilloccur.Deathisnotanenemytobeconqueredoraprisontobeescaped.Itisanintegralpartofourlivesthatgivesmeaningtohumanexistence.Itsetsalimitonourtimeinthislife,urgingustodosomethingproductivewiththattimeaslongasitisourstouse.

【答案】在一個(gè)崇尚年輕和發(fā)展的進(jìn)步的社會(huì)里，死亡是一個(gè)被逃避、忽略和否認(rèn)的話題。就像我們把死亡當(dāng)作另一種需要征服的疾病一樣。但事實(shí)是死亡是不可避免的。我們都會(huì)死去，這只是時(shí)間問(wèn)題。死亡和出生一樣，是人類生存、成長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展的一部分。它是我們生活中可以確定將會(huì)發(fā)生的為數(shù)不多的幾件事之一。死亡不是要征服的敵人，也不是要逃跑的監(jiān)獄。它是我們生活中不可分割的一部分，賦予了人類生存的意義。

它限制了我們這一生的時(shí)間，敦促我們利用這段時(shí)間做一些富有成效的事情，只要它是我們可以使用的。

14.單選題

Historiansshareonefundamental（）thatwecanlearnfromthemistakesofourpast.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assumption

B.supposition

C.ideology

D.ethos

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。assumption“假設(shè)”;supposition“推測(cè)”;ideology“意識(shí)形態(tài)，思想體系”;ethos“民族精神”。句意：歷史學(xué)家有一個(gè)基本的思想體系，也就是從過(guò)去的錯(cuò)誤中汲取教訓(xùn)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

15.單選題

AlargenumberofpeoplefrommyhometownhadmovedtoQingdaoinsearchofwork,withtheresultthatIalreadyfeelquiteathomethere.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadmovedto

B.insearchofwork

C.withtheresultthat

D.quiteathome

E.沒有問(wèn)題

【答案】A

【解析】時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。hadmovedto改為havemovedto?！癐alreadyfeel我已經(jīng)感覺”是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，因此，前一個(gè)表示原因的分句應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。

16.單選題

Whatworriedthechildmostwas（）tovisithismotherinthehospital.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hisnotallowing

B.hisnotbeingallowed

C.hisbeingnotallowed

D.havingnotbeenallowed

【答案】B

【解析】句意:最擔(dān)心的是:不允許小孩去看望醫(yī)院的媽媽。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾閯?dòng)名詞的否定。was是系動(dòng)詞，故后面需要用名詞性的詞充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞的否定形式為:not+動(dòng)名詞。因此排除C和D。由于allow與邏輯主語(yǔ)child形成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。因此選B項(xiàng)。

17.單選題

Whilefashionisthoughtofusuallyinrelationtoclothing,itisimportanttorealizethatitcoversamuchwiderdomain.Itistobefoundinmanners,thearts,literature,andphilosophy,andmayevenreachintocertainareasofscience.Infact,itmayoperateinanyfieldofgrouplife,apartfromthetechnologicalandutilitarianareaandtheareaorthesacred.Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacastesociety.

Fashionbehavesasamovement,andonthisbasisitisdifferentfromcustomwhichbycomparison,isstatic.Thisisduetothefactthatfashionisbasedfundamentallyondifferentiationandemulation.Inaclasssociety,theupperclassesortheso-calledsocialelitearenotabletodifferentiatethemselvesbyfixedsymbolsorbadges.Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,imitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.Thisprocessgivestofashionaverticaldescent.However,theeliteclassfindsthatitisnolongerdistinguishable,byreasonoftheimitationmadebyothers,andhenceisledtoadoptnewdifferentiatingcriteria,onlytodisplacetheseastheyinturnareimitated.Itisprimarilyhisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movetoitsdoom.

Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.Whileitoccursspontaneouslyandmovesalonginacharacteristiccycle,itinvolveslittleinthewayofcrowdb