考研考博-英語-揚(yáng)州大學(xué)廣陵學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-揚(yáng)州大學(xué)廣陵學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Heisquitesurethatit’s（）impossibleforhimtofulfillthetaskwithintwodays.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.absolutely

B.exclusively

C.fully

D.roughly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。absolutely“絕對(duì)地，完全地（語氣上非常肯定，側(cè)重表示程度）”；exclusively“唯一地，專有地，排外地”；fully“充分地，完全地（側(cè)重表示數(shù)量）”；roughly“粗糙地，粗略地”。句意：他非常確定在兩天被完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)是完全不可能的。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Almostasa（）totherevivalofGreekknowledgeandvaluescametherevivalofinterestinmathematics.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.corollary

B.outcome

C.consequence

D.results

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)corollary“推論，必然的結(jié)果”；B選項(xiàng)outcome“結(jié)局，成果”；C選項(xiàng)consequence“重要性，推論”；D選項(xiàng)results“后果”。句意：希臘知識(shí)和價(jià)值觀的復(fù)興幾乎是必然的結(jié)果，人們對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)的興趣也隨之復(fù)蘇。選項(xiàng)A更符合語境。

3.單選題

______sherealizeditwastoolatetogohome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Nosooneritgrewdarkthan

B.Hardlydiditgrowdarkthat

C.Scarcelyhaditgrowndarkthan

D.Itwasnotuntildarkthat

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查倒裝句。句意：直到天黑，她才意識(shí)到太晚了，不能回家了。A、B、C選項(xiàng)意思為“一……就”；A選項(xiàng)nosooner…than置于句首，前面部分倒裝；B選項(xiàng)hardly…when“”和C選項(xiàng)scarcely…when是固定搭配。D選項(xiàng)itisnotuntil…that“直到……才”用法正確。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Hecouldn'tlieconvincinglyenoughtotakeachild（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.away

B.down

C.in

D.up

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組搭配。takeaway帶走；takedown取下,記下；takein欺騙；takeup從事。句意:他說的謊話不足以欺騙孩子（他騙不了一個(gè)孩子）。

5.單選題

Asalawyer（

）forhisgoodjudgmentandeloquence,heisofteninvitedtothosegrandbanquetsandmeetsthosedistinguishedpeoplefromallcircles.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.noticeable

B.notorious

C.nasty

D.notable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)noticeable“顯而易見的，明顯的”；B選項(xiàng)notorious“臭名昭著的”；C選項(xiàng)nasty“令人厭惡的，骯臟的”；D選項(xiàng)notable“著名的，顯著的，值得注意的”。由goodjudgmentandeloquence（良好的判斷力和口才）可知空格處為一個(gè)褒義詞，再根據(jù)句意可知選D。句意：作為一名以良好的判斷力和口才著稱的律師，他經(jīng)常被邀請(qǐng)參加那些盛大的宴會(huì)，并結(jié)識(shí)來自各界的杰出人士。

6.單選題

Inthemoviesandontelevision,artificialintelligenceistypicallydepictedassomethingsinisterthatwillupendourwayoflife.WhenitcomestoAIinbusiness,weoftenhearaboutitinrelationtoautomationandtheimpendinglossofjobs,butinwhatwaysisAIchangingcompaniesandthelargereconomythatdon'tinvolvedoom-and-gloommassunemploymentpredictions?

ArecentsurveyofmanufacturingandserviceindustriesfromTataConsultancyServicesfoundthatcompaniescurrentlyuseAImoreoftenincomputer-to-computeractivitiesthaninautomatinghumanactivities.Onecommonapplication?Preventingelectronicsecuritybreaches,which,ratherthaneliminatingITjobs,actuallymakesthosepersonnelmorevaluabletoemployers,becausetheyhelpfirmspreventhackingattempts.

HereareafewotherwaysAIisaidingcompanieswithoutreplacingemployees:

Betterhiringpractices

Companiesareusingartificialintelligencetoremovesomeoftheunconsciousbiasfromhiringdecisions.“Thereareexperimentsthatshowthat,naturally,theresultsofinterviewsaremuchmorebiasedthanwhatAIdoes,”saysPedroDomingo,authorofTheMasterAlgorithm:HowthequestfortheUltimatelearningMachineWillReambeOurWorldandacomputerscience1.（

）Onecompanythat'sdoingthisiscalledBlendoor.Itusesanalyticstohelpidentifywheretheremaybebiasinthehiringprocess.

Moreeffectivemarketing

SomeAIsoftwarecananalyzeandoptimizemarketingemailsubjectlinestoincreaseopenrates.OnecompanyintheUK,Phrasee,claimstheirsoftwarecanoutperformhumansbyupto10percentwhenitcomestoemailopenrates.Thiscanmeanmillionsmoreinrevenue.2.（

）Theseare“toolsthathelppeopleusedata,notareplacementforpeople,”saysPatrickH.Winston,aprofessorofartificialintelligenceandcomputerscienceatMIT.

Savingcustomersmoney

EnergycompaniescanuseAItohelpcustomersreducetheirelectricitybills,savingthemmoneywhilehelpingtheenvironmentCompaniescanalsooptimizetheirownenergyuseandcutdownonthecostofelectricity.Insurancecompanies,meanwhile,canbasetheirpremiumsonAImodelsthatmoreaccuratelyaccessrisk.“Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,”saysDomingos,3.（

）

Improvedaccuracy

“Machinelearningoftenprovidesamorereliableformofstatisticswhichmakesdatamorevaluable,“saysWinston.It“helpspeoplemakesmarterdecisions.”4.（

）

Protectingandmaintaininginfrastructure

Anumberofcompanies,particularlyinenergyandtransportation,useAIimageprocessingtechnologytoinspectinfrastructureandpreventequipmentfailureorleaksbeforetheyhappen.“Iftheyfailfirstandthenyoufixthem,it’sveryexpensive,”saysDomingo's.“5."（

）.”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ireplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou’redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn’thavetimefor.

B.Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontractsduringanaudit.Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.

C.TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisto,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdWords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillyieldbestresults.

D.Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit’susefulforemployeestogoto.

E.Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcost[thecompany]money.

F.We’realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.

G.AIlooksatresumesingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ireplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou’redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn’thavetimefor.

B.Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontractsduringanaudit.Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.

C.TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisto,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdWords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillyieldbestresults.

D.Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit’susefulforemployeestogoto.

E.Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcost[thecompany]money.

F.We’realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.

G.AIlooksatresumesingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ireplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou’redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn’thavetimefor.

B.Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontractsduringanaudit.Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.

C.TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisto,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdWords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillyieldbestresults.

D.Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit’susefulforemployeestogoto.

E.Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcost[thecompany]money.

F.We’realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.

G.AIlooksatresumesingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ireplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou’redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn’thavetimefor.

B.Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontractsduringanaudit.Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.

C.TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisto,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdWords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillyieldbestresults.

D.Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit’susefulforemployeestogoto.

E.Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcost[thecompany]money.

F.We’realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.

G.AIlooksatresumesingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Ireplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou'redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn'thavetimefor.

B.Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontractsduringanaudit.Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.

C.TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisto,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdWords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillyieldbestresults.

D.Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit'susefulforemployeestogoto.

E.Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcost[thecompany]money.

F.We'realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.

G.AIlooksatresumesingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.

【答案】第1題:G

第2題:C

第3題:E

第4題:B

第5題:D

7.單選題

Silveristhebestconductorofelectricity,copper（）itclosely.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.followed

B.following

C.tofollow

D.beingfollowed

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。一般情況下，分詞作狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)與句子的主語存在一定的邏輯關(guān)系(主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)，否則分詞就必須有自己的主語或邏輯賓語，來構(gòu)成“名詞或代詞+分詞”的獨(dú)立分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，用來表示原因、時(shí)間、條件、方式或伴隨情況等。copper與follow之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。由此可見，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。copperfollowingitclosely是以現(xiàn)在分詞following為中心的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。（獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)就是某一個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞短語，或名詞性短語，或形容詞性短語，或介詞短語的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，而是自己另帶的一個(gè)邏輯主語。比如本句的主語是silver，但following的邏輯主語是copper。又如：Hestoodthere,bookinhand.中的介詞短語inhand的邏輯主語是book而不是句子的主語he，所以bookinhand為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。）。句意：銀是最好的導(dǎo)體，銅與之非常接近。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

Manyimportantmistakeshavebeenescaping（）,andalotofmoneyhasbeenlostasaresult.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.detection

B.commission

C.compensation

D.precaution

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。detection察覺，發(fā)覺；commission委任，傭金；compensation補(bǔ)償，報(bào)酬；precaution預(yù)防，警惕。錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)該是被發(fā)現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)A符合句意。句意：許多重要的錯(cuò)誤都沒有被發(fā)覺，因此損失了很多錢。

9.單選題

Thepolicechargedthemanwiththe（）ofthewatch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.steal

B.theft

C.thief

D.thesis

【答案】B

【解析】考查同形詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)steal“偷竊”，動(dòng)詞；B選項(xiàng)theft“偷，盜竊”，名詞；C選項(xiàng)thief“小偷，竊賊”；D選項(xiàng)thesis“論文；論點(diǎn)”。句意：警察控告這名男子……了手表。本句的主語是Thepolice“警察”，謂語charged“控告”，賓語theman“這個(gè)男人”，with接賓語補(bǔ)足語。句中已經(jīng)有了謂語動(dòng)詞，空格內(nèi)應(yīng)填入偷竊的名詞。chargesb.withsth.“控告某人某事”，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

The（）emphasisonexaminationsisbyfartheworstformofcompetitioninschools.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.negligent

B.edible

C.fabulous

D.disproportionate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“疏忽的，粗心大意的”；B選項(xiàng)“可食用的”；C選項(xiàng)“驚人的，大量的”；D選項(xiàng)“不成比例的，太多的”，句意：（）強(qiáng)調(diào)考試是目前學(xué)校中最糟糕的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)形式。而本題空格處講的應(yīng)該是過多地強(qiáng)調(diào)考試，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Ourape-menforefathershadnoobviousweaponsinthestruggleforsurvivalintheopen.Theyhadneitherthepowerfulteethnorthe（1）clawsofthebigcats.Theycouldnot（2）withthebear,whosestrength,speedandclaws（3）animpressive“small-fire”weaponry.Theycouldnotevendefendthemselves（4）runningswiftlylikehorse,zebrasorsmallanimals.Iftheape-menhadattemptedtocompeteonthosetermsintheopen,theywouldhavebeen（5）tofailureandextinction.Buttheywere（6）withenormousconcealedadvantagesofakindnot（7）byanyoftheircompetitors.

Inthesearch（8）thepickingsoftheforest,theape-manhad（9）efficientstereoscopicvisionandasenseofcolor（10）theanimalsofthegrasslandsdidnotpossess.Theabilitytoseeclearlyatcloserange（11）theape-mentostudypracticalproblemsinawaythatlayfar（12）hereachoftheoriginalinhabitantsofthegrassland.Goodlongdistancesightwas（13）anothermatter.Lackoflong-distancevisionhadnotbeenaproblemforforest-dwellingapesandmonkeysbecausethehighertheviewpoint,thegreatertherangeofsight,so（14）theyhadhadtodowasclimbatree.Outintheopen,however,thissimplesolutionwasnot（15）.Climbingahillwouldhavehelped,butinmanyplacesthegroundwasflat.Theape-men（16）theonlypossiblesolution.Theyrearedupashighas（17）ontheirhindlimbsandbegantowalkupright.Thisvitalchangeofphysicalpositionbroughtaboutconsiderabledisadvantages.Itwasextremelyunstableanditmeantthatthealreadyslowape-manbecameslowerstill.（18）theyperseveredandtheirbonestructuregraduallybecame（19）tothenew,unstablepositionthat（20）themthenameHomoerectus,uprightman.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.big

B.weak

C.strong

D.small

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.match

B.compare

C.rival

D.equal

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.became

B.equipped

C.posed

D.provided

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.upon

C.by

D.with

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.driven

B.doomed

C.forced

D.led

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.bestowed

B.given

C.presented

D.endowed

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.managed

B.possessed

C.posed

D.opposed

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.of

C.on

D.at

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.progressed

B.generated

C.developed

D.advanced

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.as

C.what

D.that

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.urged

B.permitted

C.banned

D.caused

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.from

B.apart

C.beyond

D.above

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.rather

B.quite

C.much

D.really

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.anything

B.that

C.everything

D.all

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.available

B.enough

C.sufficient

D.convenient

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.chose

B.adopted

C.accepted

D.took

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.valuable

B.acceptable

C.possible

D.able

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.However

B.Therefore

C.Meanwhile

D.Subsequently

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.suited

B.familiarized

C.adapted

D.accustomed

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.obtained

B.called

C.deserved

D.earned

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:D

第11題:B

第12題:C

第13題:B

第14題:D

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:C

第18題:A

第19題:C

第20題:D

【解析】（1）考查前后邏輯。neither…nor…“既不······也不······”，兩個(gè)詞接后面接類似的詞，neither后面接的是powerful，所以nor后面應(yīng)該接四個(gè)選項(xiàng)里的strong。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（2）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。match“使匹配，使相稱”；compare“比較”；rival“與······競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”；equal“等于，比得上”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核麄儽炔簧瞎沸?，狗熊的力量、速度和爪子都能夠提供很好的武器。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（3）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。become“成為”；equip“裝備；配備”；pose“擺姿勢(shì)”；provide“提供”。空格處所在句子的句意參考第32題，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（4）考查介詞詞義辨析?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核麄兩踔敛荒芟耨R和斑馬那樣通過奔跑來保護(hù)自己。by“通過”，符合題意。

（5）考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。bedrivento“沉浸于”；bedoomedtosth.“注定”；beforcedto“被迫”；leadto“導(dǎo)致”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵喝绻粋€(gè)類人猿試圖在野外與其他動(dòng)物搏斗，他們注定失敗并且滅絕。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（6）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。bestow“贈(zèng)給”，常與on或upon搭配；give“給”，常與to搭配；present“贈(zèng)予”，常與with搭配；endow“天生具有，賦予”，一般用被動(dòng)式與with搭配?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核麄兲焐鷵碛衅渌魏胃?jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手所不具有的某種巨大的隱蔽的優(yōu)勢(shì)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（7）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。manage“成功做”；possess“占有”；pose“擺姿勢(shì)”；oppose“反對(duì)”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟鈪⒖嫉?6題。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（8）考查固定搭配。inthesearchof是固定搭配，“在尋找······的過程中”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（9）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。generate“生成，產(chǎn)生”；progress“進(jìn)展，進(jìn)步”；develop“形成，獲得”；advance“前進(jìn)，發(fā)展”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐窃谏娓?jìng)爭(zhēng)中類人猿逐步形成了有效的、草地動(dòng)物不具有的立體視覺和顏色辨色能力。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（10）考查定語從句。先行詞是efficientstereoscopicvisionandasenseofcolor，先行詞有兩個(gè)，所以只能用that。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（11）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。urge“催促”；permit“允許”；ban“禁止”；cause“引起”?？崭裉幥懊鎡heabilitytoseeclearlyatcloserange“能夠近距離看到目標(biāo)的能力”這個(gè)能力為它們研究實(shí)際問題提供條件，即“允許”它們?nèi)パ芯繉?shí)際問題。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（12）考查固定搭配。beyondthereachof“在······范圍之外”。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（13）考查副詞詞義辨析。quite是程度副詞，可以用在限定詞another前面，而另外三個(gè)副詞則不可以。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（14）考查從句引導(dǎo)詞。本句是由so引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)從句，句子缺少一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，該引導(dǎo)詞充當(dāng)theyhadtodo的賓語，all符合題意。

（15）考查形容詞詞義辨析。available“可得到的；可用的”；enough“足夠的”；sufficient“充足的”；convenient意為“方便的”?？崭裉幘渥铀诘木湟馐牵喝欢?，在空曠的野外，這種方法是行不通的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（16）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。choose“選擇，挑選”；adopt“采用；采納”；accept“接受”；take“實(shí)施；采取”。空格處所在句子的句意是：類人猿采用了唯一可行的方法。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（17）考查形容詞詞義辨析。valuable“有價(jià)值的”；acceptable“可接受的，合意的”；possible“可能的”；able“能夠的”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核鼈兊暮笾M可能高地抬起，開始直立行走。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（18）考查前后邏輯。however“然而”；therefore“因此”；meanwhile“同時(shí)”；subsequently“隨后”?？崭裉幩诰渥优c前面的句子提到直立行走使得類人猿站不穩(wěn)，并且跟其他動(dòng)物相比本來速度就慢了，現(xiàn)在變得更慢了（Itwasextremelyunstableanditmeantthatthealreadyslowape-manbecameslowerstill）?？崭裉幒竺嫣岬筋惾嗽忱^續(xù)堅(jiān)持并且使得骨頭結(jié)構(gòu)開始逐漸變化，可以看出前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以however符合題意。

（19）考查形容詞詞義辨析。besuitedtosth.“適合······的”；beaccustomedto“習(xí)慣于”；befamiliarizedwith“與······相熟”；adapttosth.“適應(yīng)”。空格處所在句子的句意是：它們的骨骼漸漸適應(yīng)了這種新的行走方式。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（20）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。obtain“獲得”；call“叫”；deserve“值得”；earn“賺得，贏得”?？崭裉幩诰渥犹岬接捎陬惾嗽车墓趋乐饾u適應(yīng)了直立行走，因此贏得了“直立人”的稱號(hào)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.翻譯題

1.WashingtonIrvinggraspedthisfactnearlyahundredyearsagowhenhewrote:"ThestrangerwhowouldformacorrectopinionofEnglishcharactermustgoforthintothecountry.Hemustsojourninvillagesandhamlets;hemustvisitcastles,villas,farmhouses,cottages;hemustwanderthroughparksandgardens,alonghedgesandgreenlanes;hemustloiteraboutcountrychurches,attendwakesandfairsandotherruralfestivals,andcopewiththepeopleinalltheirconditionsandalltheirhabitsandhumors.''

2.Theimpactofdecentralizationtrends,ofcourse,extendswellbeyondcities.SprawlingdevelopmentpatternsaredestabilizingmanyofthesuburbsthatsurroundAmerica'scities.Oldersuburbsareexperiencingthesamechallengesascities:failingschools,persistentcrime,andthelossofjobsandbusinessestoother,furtheroutsuburbs.Evensuburbanareasthataredevelopingrapidlyarefindingthatexplosivegrowthhasitsdrawbacks,especiallyintheformofovercrowdedschools,butalsoinlongcommutesandtheinabilityoflocalgovernmentstopayfornewroads,sewers,andotherinfrastructure.

【答案】1.華盛頓·歐文遠(yuǎn)在一百年前就把握住了這一事實(shí)。他寫道："外地人若要對(duì)英國人的性格有恰如其分的了解，就必須到鄉(xiāng)村去。他應(yīng)該在鄉(xiāng)村小住數(shù)日，參觀城堡、別墅、農(nóng)場(chǎng)房屋及村民居住的農(nóng)舍，逛逛公園、花園，沿著矮樹叢及林蔭小路溜達(dá)；他一定要在教堂里消磨一下時(shí)光，參加紀(jì)念守護(hù)神節(jié)日的活動(dòng)，看看集市，與村民同慶他們的節(jié)日，與不同場(chǎng)合的人打交道，了解他們的習(xí)慣并欣賞他們的幽默。"

2.當(dāng)然，分散化趨勢(shì)的影響遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了城市范圍。無序擴(kuò)張的發(fā)展格局破壞著全關(guān)各城市周圍許多郊區(qū)的穩(wěn)定。年代較久的郊區(qū)經(jīng)受著和市區(qū)同樣的挑戰(zhàn)：學(xué)校教育質(zhì)量每況愈下、犯罪屢禁不止、就業(yè)和商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)流失到其他更遠(yuǎn)的郊區(qū)。即使是發(fā)展迅速的郊區(qū)也出現(xiàn)了爆炸式增長(zhǎng)的弊端，尤其體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：學(xué)校過度擁擠,上下班交通耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)，當(dāng)?shù)卣疅o力出資建造新的道路、下水道和其他基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。

13.單選題

Climaticchangeshaveoccurredatintervalsthroughoutthemillennium.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.increased

B.existed

C.happened

D.devastated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)increased“增加”；B選項(xiàng)existed“存在”；C選項(xiàng)happened“發(fā)生”；D選項(xiàng)devastated“毀壞”。句意：氣候變化在整個(gè)千年中是斷斷續(xù)續(xù)發(fā)生的。劃線部分occurred是發(fā)生的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

The（

）ofairplaneenginesannouncedacomingairraid.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.roar

B.exclamation

C.whistle

D.scream

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。roar咆哮，轟鳴；exclamation感嘆，驚叫；whistle呼嘯聲；scream尖叫聲。

句意：飛機(jī)引擎的轟鳴聲宣布空襲即將來臨。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

15.單選題

Thereportmentionedthatsomeimportantpeoplehadattendedtheclosing（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.surgeon

B.suspicion

C.ceremony

D.target

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。surgeon外科；suspicion懷疑；ceremony儀式；target目標(biāo)。句意：這篇報(bào)道提到一些重量級(jí)人物參加了此次閉幕式。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

16.單選題

Oneofthemostdifficultaspectsofdecidingwhethercurrentclimaticeventsrevealevidenceoftheimpactofhumanactivitiesisthatitishardtogetameasureofwhatconstitutesthenaturalvariabilityoftheclimate.Weknowthatoverthepastmillenniatheclimatehasundergonemajorchangeswithoutanysignificanthumanintervention.Wealsoknowthattheglobalclimatesystemisimmenselycomplicatedandthateverythingisinsomewayconnected,andsothesystemiscapableoffluctuatinginunexpectedways.Weneedthereforetoknowhowmuchtheclimatecanvaryofitsownaccordinordertointerpretwithconfidencetheextenttowhichrecentchangesarenaturalasopposedtobeingtheresultofhumanactivities.

Instrumentalrecordsdonotgobackfarenoughtoprovideuswithreliablemeasurementsofglobalclimaticvariabilityontimescaleslongerthanacentury.Whatwedoknowisthatasweincludelongertimeintervals,therecordshowsincreasingevidenceofslowswingsinclimatebetweendifferentregimes.Tobuildupabetterpictureoffluctuationsappreciablyfurtherbackintimerequiresustouseproxyrecords.

Overlongperiodsoftime,substanceswhosephysicalandchemicalpropertieschangewiththeambientclimateatthetimecanbedepositedinasystematicwaytoprovideacontinuousrecordofchangesinthosepropertiesovertime,sometimesforhundredsorthousandsofyears.Generally,thelayeringoccursonanannualbasis,henceheobservedchangesintherecordscanbedated.Informationontemperature,rainfall,andotheraspectsoftheclimatethatcanbeinferredfromthesystematicchangesinpropertiesisusuallyreferredtoasproxydata.ProxytemperaturerecordshavebeenreconstructedfromicecoredrilledoutofthecentralGreenlandicecap,calciteshellsembeddedinlayeredlakesedimentsinWesternEurope,oceanfloorsedimentcoresfromthetropicalAtlanticOcean,icecoresfromPeruvianglaciers,andicecoresfromeasternAntarctica.Whiletheserecordsprovidebroadlyconsistentindicationsthattemperaturevariationscanoccuronaglobalscale,therearenonethelesssomeintriguingdifferences,whichsuggestthatthepatternoftemperaturevariationsinregionalclimatescanalsodiffersignificantlyfromeachother.

Whattheproxyrecordsmakeabundantlyclearisthattherehavebeensignificantnaturalchangesintheclimateovertimescaleslongerthanafewthousandyears.Equallystriking,however,istherelativestabilityoftheclimateinthepast10,000years(theHoloceneperiod).

Totheextentthatthecoverageoftheglobalclimatefromtheserecordscanprovideameasureofitstruevariability,itshouldatleastindicatehowallthenaturalcausesofclimatechangehavecombined.Theseincludethechaoticfluctuationsoftheatmosphere,theslowerbutequallyerraticbehavioroftheoceans,changesinthelandsurfaces,andtheextentoficeandsnow.Alsoincludedwillbeanyvariationsthathavearisenfromvolcanicactivity,solaractivity,and,possibly,humanactivities.

1.Whichofthefollowingmustwefindoutinordertodeterminetheimpactofhumanactivitiesuponclimate?

2.Scientistsareabletoreconstructproxytemperaturerecordsby（

）.

3.ProxydatahavesuggestedallofthefollowingabouttheclimateEXCEPT:

（

）.

4.Theword‘‘erratic”intheparagraph5isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Themajorchangesinclimateoverthepastmillennia.

B.Thedegreetowhichtheclimatevariesnaturally.

C.Thebestmethodformeasuringclimaticchange.

D.Themillenniumwhenhumansbegantointerferewiththeclimate.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.studyingregionaldifferencesintemperaturevariations.

B.studyinganddatingchangesinthepropertiesofsubstances.

C.observingchangesinpresentdayclimateconditions.

D.inferringpastclimateshiftsfromobservationsofcurrentclimaticchanges.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Regionalclimatesmaychangeovertime.

B.Theclimatehaschangedverylittleinthepast10,000years.

C.Globaltemperaturesvarymorethanregionaltemperatures.

D.Importantnaturalchangesinclimatehaveoccurredoverlargetimescales.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.dramatic

B.important

C.unpredictable.

D.common

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘為了確定人類活動(dòng)對(duì)氣候的影響，我們必須找出以下哪一項(xiàng)？根據(jù)文章第一段中“Oneofthemostdifficultaspectsofdecidingwhethercurrentclimaticeventsrevealevidenceoftheimpactofhumanactivitiesisthatitishardtogetameasureofwhatconstitutesthenaturalvariabilityoftheclimate.要判斷當(dāng)前的氣候事件是否揭示了人類活動(dòng)影響的證據(jù)，最困難的一個(gè)方面是很難衡量是什么構(gòu)成了氣候的自然變化?！?，確定判斷人類對(duì)氣候的影響之前必須確定自然的影響，所以B選項(xiàng)“氣候自然變化的程度”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘科學(xué)家能通過什么重建替代溫度記錄？’根據(jù)文章第三段中第三句“ProxytemperaturerecordshavebeenreconstructedfromicecoredrilledoutofthecentralGreenlandicecap,calciteshellsembeddedinlayeredlakesedimentsinWesternEurope,oceanfloorsedimentcoresfromthetropicalAtlanticOcean,icecoresfromPeruvianglaciers,andicecoresfromeasternAntarctica.從格陵蘭島中部冰冠鉆出的冰芯、嵌在西歐分層湖泊沉積物中的方解石殼、熱帶大西洋洋底沉積物的冰芯、秘魯冰川的冰芯和南極洲東部的冰芯重建了代理溫度記錄。”。原文談及很多重建溫度的方法，無論是冰川，沉積物還是碳酸鹽，都屬“substance物質(zhì)”，所以B選項(xiàng)“研究和測(cè)定物質(zhì)性質(zhì)的變化”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘代理數(shù)據(jù)表明了如下所有關(guān)于氣候的內(nèi)容，除了……？’根據(jù)第四段第一句“Whattheproxyrecordsmakeabundantlyclearisthattherehavebeensignificantnaturalchangesintheclimateovertimescaleslongerthanafewthousandyears.代理記錄充分表明，在超過幾千年的時(shí)間跨度內(nèi)，氣候發(fā)生了重大的自然變化?！笨膳懦鼳選項(xiàng)‘隨著時(shí)間的推移，地區(qū)氣候可能會(huì)發(fā)生變化’和D選項(xiàng)‘氣候的重要自然變化是在大的時(shí)間尺度上發(fā)生的’。根據(jù)第二句“Equallystriking,however,istherelativestabilityoftheclimateinthepast10,000years(theHoloceneperiod).然而，同樣令人驚訝的是在過去的一萬年（全新世）中氣候變化的相對(duì)來說很穩(wěn)定?！笨膳懦鼴選項(xiàng)‘在過去的一萬年里，氣候變化非常小?！虼耍珻項(xiàng)‘全球氣溫的變化比地區(qū)氣溫的變化更大’在文中沒有體現(xiàn)，符合題意。

4.詞義猜測(cè)題。題目提問‘第五段中"erratic”最接近什么意思？’根據(jù)上下文，“erratic行為古怪，反復(fù)無常”與前文中“chaoticfluctuationsoftheatmosphere變化多端的大氣波動(dòng)”的“chaotic混沌的；一團(tuán)糟的”相對(duì)應(yīng)，因此，C選項(xiàng)“無法預(yù)言的；不可預(yù)測(cè)”符合語境。

17.單選題

I’m（）ongoingtothatflowershow.IbelievetherearesomespecimensofCarationthatI’minterestedin.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.keen

B.acute

C.shrewd

D.enthusiastic

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。bekeenondoingsth.表示“渴望;熱切;熱衷于”。句意：我非常想要去看花展，我相信有一些我感興趣的標(biāo)本。結(jié)合句意，A為正確答案。

18.單選題

Accordingtoanthropologists,peopleinpreindustrialsocietiesspent3to4hoursperdayorabout20hoursperweekdoingtheworknecessaryforlife.Modemcomparisonsoftheamountofworkperformedperweek,however,beginwiththeIndustrialRevolution(1760—1840)when10to12-hourworkdayswithsixworkdaysperweekwerethenorm.Evenwithextensivetimedevotedtowork,however,bothincomesandstandardsoflivingwerelow.AsincomesroseneartheendoftheIndustrialRevolution,itbecameincreasinglycommontotreatSaturdayafternoonasahalf-dayholiday.ThehalfholidayhadbecomestandardpracticeinBritainbythe1870’s，butdidnotbecomecommonintheUnitedStatesuntilthe1920’s.

IntheUnitedStates,thefirstthirdofthetwentiethcenturysawtheworkweekmovefrom60hoursperweektojust50hoursbythestartofthe1930’s.In1914HenryFordreduceddailyworkhoursathisautomobileplantsfrom9to8.In1926heannouncedthathenceforthhisfactorieswouldclosefortheentiredayonSaturday.Atthetime,FordreceivedcriticismfromotherfirmssuchasUnitedStatesSteelandWestinghouse,buttheideawaspopularwithworkers.

TheDepressionyearsofthe1930’sbroughtwiththemthenotionofjobsharingtospreadavailableworkaround;theworkweekdroppedtoamodemlowfortheUnitedStatesof35hours.In1938theFairLaborStandardsActmandatedaweeklymaximumof40hourstobeginin1940，andsincethattimethe8-hourday,5-dayworkweekhasbeenthestandardintheUnitedStates.Adjustmentsinvariousplaces,however,showthatthisstandardisnotimmutable.In1987,forexample,Germanmetalworke