考研考博-英語-華北科技學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-華北科技學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

HeavyrainfallinthesouthofEnglandmeansthatfloodingis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.imminent

B.momentous

C.transient

D.prospective

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。imminent“即將發(fā)生的；迫近的”；momentous“重要的；重大的”；transient“短暫的；路過的”；prospective“未來的；預(yù)期的”。句意：英格蘭南部的暴雨意味著即將有洪水發(fā)生。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.問答題

The(A)fantasticachievementsofmoderntechnologyandthespeed(B)withwhichscientificdiscoveriesare(C)translatedintotechnologicalapplications(D)attesttothetriumphofhumanefforts.

【答案】B；“with”改為“at”。

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的驚人成就和科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)化為技術(shù)應(yīng)用的速度證明了人類努力的勝利。句中“withwhich”引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞“speed”，因?yàn)橛泄潭ù钆洹癮tthespeed”表示“以……的速度”，所以將B項(xiàng)的介詞“with”改為“at”。

3.寫作題

Describechildrensurfingthenetbrieflyandgiveyourcomments.

【答案】Nowadays,theInternetisoneofthemostpowerfultoolsthroughouttheworld.TheInternetisacollectionofvariousservicesandresourcesforpeople.AlmostallhouseholdshaveaccesstotheInternet；however,beforepeopleconnectingtheInternet,theyneedtobeawareofitsdisadvantagesandadvantages.Childrenofnetusershavebecomeabigconcern.MostparentsdonotrealizethedangersinvolvedwhentheirchildrenlogontotheInternet.Whenchildrenareonline,theycaneasilybeluredintosomethingdangerous.Whenchildrentalktoothersonline,theydonotrealizetheycouldactuallybetalkingtoaharmfulperson.Asaresult,therehavebeenmanycaseswherechildrenhavebeenconvincedtomeetpeopletheyhavetalkedwithonline.Inaddition,childrenmayalsoreceivepornographyonlinebymistake;therefore,causingconcernamongparentseverywhere.WhethersurfingtheWeb,readingnewsgroups,orusingemail,childrencanbeexposedtoextremelyinappropriatematerial.Pornographicsitestendtomakesuretheyarethefirstsitestobelistedinanysearcharea；thus,childrencomeacrosssuchsiteseasily.

Wecouldcontroltheissuefromthefollowingthreeaspects.Firstandforemost,parentsareresponsiblefortheirownchildrenontheInternetbecausethereareavailableservicestoprotectchildren.Further,tokeepchildrensafe,parentsandteachersmustbeawareofthedangers.Theymustactivelyguideandguardtheirchildrenonlineandshouldtalktochildrenaboutwhatisonlineandwhatmighthappenonline.Inaddition,thecompaniesshoulddevelopanumberoftoolsavailabletodaythatmayhelpkeeptheInternetenvironmentsaferforchildren.Inotherwords,childrenwanttoexplorethings；however,therearepeopleontheInternetthatarejusttoopersuasive.

4.單選題

TheUnitedNationsSecurityCouncilestablishedtheICTRin1995totrytheallegedperpetratorsofthe1994（

）inRwandathatclaimedthelivesofmorethan800,000people.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.genocide

B.immigration

C.discrimination

D.election

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。genocide“種族滅絕，種族屠殺”；immigration“移民”；discrimination“歧視，區(qū)別”；election“選舉；當(dāng)選”。句意：聯(lián)合國安理會于1995年建立了盧旺達(dá)國際刑事法庭，來審判1994年導(dǎo)致八十多萬人死亡的盧旺達(dá)大屠殺中被指控的兇手。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Theactivists’energeticworkintheserviceofbothwomansuffrageandthetemperancemovementinthelatenineteenthcentury______theassertionthatthetwomovementswereinimical.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.diffuses

B.undermines

C.supports

D.underscores

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)diffuse“擴(kuò)散，傳播”，B項(xiàng)undermine“逐漸削弱（信心、權(quán)威等），漸漸破壞”，C項(xiàng)support“支持，幫助，支撐”，D項(xiàng)underscore“強(qiáng)調(diào)，劃線于……下”。根據(jù)句子可知，句子缺少一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞，由Theactivists’energeticworkintheserviceofbothwomansuffrageandthetemperancemovement（積極分子為婦女選舉權(quán)和禁酒運(yùn)動(dòng)所做的積極工作）和theassertionthatthetwomovementswereinimical（這兩個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)是敵對的斷言）可判斷，這兩者的關(guān)系是“削弱”，B項(xiàng)符合。句意：19世紀(jì)晚期，積極分子為婦女選舉權(quán)和禁酒運(yùn)動(dòng)所做的積極工作削弱了這兩個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)是敵對的論斷。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

（

）wecontinuetoworkhard,wecanfinishthetaskaheadofschedule.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Assoonas

B.Asfaras

C.Solongas

D.Sofaras

【答案】C

【解析】考察固定搭配。assoonas一…就；asfaras至于；sofaras到目前為止；solongas“只要”，句意：我們只要繼續(xù)努力工作，就能在計(jì)劃之前完成工作。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.單選題

Indeed,almosteveryscientistnowfindsitisimpossibletoreadalltheworksrelevanttohisownsubject,______extensivelyoutsideofit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.muchmoretoread

B.muchlesstoread

C.muchlessreading

D.stillmorereading

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.muchmoretoread要讀得更多

B.muchlesstoread更不用說去讀

C.muchlessreading更不用說讀D.stillmorereading仍然更多的閱讀

【考查點(diǎn)】比較級的用法。

【解題思路】句子中謂語動(dòng)詞find的真正賓語是toread…，所以比較成分中同樣要用to的不定式；而muchless為常見用法，表示“更不用說”，符合句子意思。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)不符合句子意思，與主句語意相矛盾；

C、D選項(xiàng)中的reading和主句中賓語成分結(jié)構(gòu)不對等。

【句意】事實(shí)上，幾乎每一位科學(xué)家現(xiàn)在都發(fā)現(xiàn)，要讀完與自己學(xué)科相關(guān)的所有著作是不可能的，更不用說廣泛閱讀學(xué)科之外的著作了。

8.單選題

Fiveyearsago,thatcoupleboughtthehouse（）_makingaquickprofitoutofit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.witheyesopento

B.ingoodeyesat

C.withaneyeto

D.byaneyeat

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析。withaneyeto“著眼于，指望著”為固定搭配。沒有A、B和D項(xiàng)的搭配，可排除。句意：五年前，那對夫婦買下這所房子，希望能很快從中獲利。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

Somepeoplesaythatthestudyofliberalartsisauselessluxurywecannotaffordinhardtimes.Students,theyargue,whodonotdevelopsalableskillswillfinditdifficulttolandajobupongraduation.Butthereisaprobleminspeakingof“salableskills.”Whatskillsaresalable?Rightnow,skillsformakingautomobilesarenothighlysalable,buttheyhavebeenfordecadesandmightbeagain.Skillsinteachingarenotnowassalableastheywereduringthepast20years,andthepopulationchartsindicatetheymaynotbesoonagain.Homeconstructionskillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates.What’smore,ifonewantstobuildacurriculumexclusivelyonwhatissalable,onewillhavetomakethecourseveryshortandchangethemveryoften,inordertokeepupwiththerapidchangesinthejobmarket.Butwillnottheeffortbeinvain?Inveryfewthingscanwebesureoffuturesalability,andinasocietywherepeoplearefreetostudywhattheywant,andworkwheretheywant,andinvestastheywant,thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord.

ASchoolthatdevotesitselftotallytosalableskills,especiallyinatimeofhighunemployment,sendingyoungmenandwomenintotheworldarmedwithonlyanarrowrangeofskills,isalsosendinglambsintothelion’sden.Ifthosepeoplegainnothingmorefromtheirstudiesthansupposedlysalableskills,andcan’tmakethesalebecauseofchangesinthejobmarket,theyhavebeencheated.Butifthoseskillsweremorethansalable,ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated.Theywillfindsomekindofjobsoonenough.Flexibility,anabilitytochangeandlearnnewthings,isavaluableskill.Peoplewhohavelearnedhowtolearncanlearnoutsideofschool.Thatiswheremostofushavelearnedtodowhatwedo,notinschool.Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills.

1.Fromthispassage,wecanlearnthattheauthorisinfavorof

______.

2.Theword“fluctuate”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans______.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whoofthefollowingismorelikelytogetajobintimesofhighunemployment?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,indevelopingacurriculumschoolsshould______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.teachingpracticalskillsthatcanbesoldinthecurrentjobmarket

B.aflexiblecurriculumthatchangeswiththetimes

C.aliberaleducation

D.keepingabalancebetweenthesupplyanddemandinthelabormarket

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.remainsteady

B.changeinanirregularway

C.followasetpattern

D.becomeworseandworse

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Apersonwiththeabilitytolearnbyhimself

B.Aconstructionworker

C.Acarrepairman

D.Apersonwithquiteafewsalableskills

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.predictthesalabilityofskillsinthefuturejobmarket

B.takethecurrentjobmarketintoconsideration

C.considerwhatskillaresalable

D.focusontheabilitytoadapttochanges

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Inveryfewthingscanwebesureoffuturesalability,andinasocietywherepeoplearefreetostudywhattheywant,andworkwheretheywant,andinvestastheywant,thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord.（在一個(gè)人們可以自由學(xué)習(xí)他們想要的東西、在他們想要的地方工作、在他們想要的地方投資的社會里，我們不可能使勞動(dòng)力的供求完全一致）可知作者沒有特地支持哪一種教育，而是支持他們自由地學(xué)習(xí)。C選項(xiàng)“自由的教育”，符合文章內(nèi)容，C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“教授一些實(shí)用的技能，這些技能可以在當(dāng)前的就業(yè)市場上得到銷售”，作者在文中寫到，不確定哪些技能值得推銷，可排除A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)“隨時(shí)代變化的靈活課程”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“保持勞動(dòng)力市場供求平衡”，文章提到并不能做到勞動(dòng)力供求一致，D選項(xiàng)可排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文中第一段Homeconstructionskillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates（隨著就業(yè)市場的波動(dòng)，住房建造技能的變化是銷售能力變化的另一個(gè)例子）。選項(xiàng)B“不規(guī)則的變化”，文章所說，就業(yè)市場的波動(dòng)，可以理解為不規(guī)則的變化，選項(xiàng)B正確。選項(xiàng)A“保持穩(wěn)定”，不符合文章的內(nèi)容，可排除。選項(xiàng)C“依照成法”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“日就衰敗”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Butifthoseskillsweremorethansalable,ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated.Theywillfindsomekindofjobsoonenough（但如果這些技能很受歡迎，如果學(xué)習(xí)能讓他們更好地了解周圍的世界，并能更好地適應(yīng)不斷變化的世界，那么他們就沒有受騙。他們很快就會找到工作的）。由此句可推測，那些擁有自學(xué)能力的人，可以在高失業(yè)率下找到工作。A選項(xiàng)“有自學(xué)能力的人”，符合文章內(nèi)容，A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“建筑工人”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，B選項(xiàng)排除。C選項(xiàng)“汽車修理工”，文章沒有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)有相當(dāng)多的銷售技巧的人”，一所完全致力于銷售技能的學(xué)校，尤其是在高失業(yè)率的時(shí)候，就是把男女送進(jìn)虎穴，可排除D選項(xiàng)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Peoplewhohavelearnedhowtolearncanlearnoutsideofschool.Thatiswheremostofushavelearnedtodowhatwedo,notinschool.Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills.（學(xué)會了如何學(xué)習(xí)的人可以在校外學(xué)習(xí)。那是我們大多數(shù)人學(xué)會做我們所做的事情的地方，而不是在學(xué)校。學(xué)會學(xué)習(xí)是最高的自由技能之一）。由此句可推測，要學(xué)會如何學(xué)習(xí)，關(guān)注適應(yīng)變化的能力。D選項(xiàng)“關(guān)注適應(yīng)變化的能力”，符合文章內(nèi)容，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“預(yù)測技能在未來就業(yè)市場的銷售能力”，銷售能力只是有限的技能，A選項(xiàng)排除。B選項(xiàng)“把當(dāng)前的就業(yè)市場也考慮進(jìn)去”，文章沒有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“考慮什么技能是可以銷售的”，文章沒有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，可排除C選項(xiàng)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Mary（）myletter;otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasreceived

B.oughttohavereceived

C.couldn'thavereceived

D.shouldhavereceived

【答案】C

【解析】辨析題。句意：Mary不可能收到了我的信,

否則她早就回復(fù)我了。只有選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

11.單選題

Althoughtherehasbeenagreatdealofconstructionattheuniversityinthelastfewyears,butthecampusstillfeelsfairlyopenanduncluttered.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.therehasbeen

B.attheuniversityinthelast

C.butthe

D.feelsfairlyopenanduncluttered

E.沒有問題

【答案】C

【解析】連詞多余。去掉but。句子中已經(jīng)有了從屬連詞although，故并列連詞but多余。

12.填空題

Inthe8thcenturygigakufellintodisfavorbecauseitsfrivolous(愚蠢的)character________theJapaneserulersoftheperiod.(please)

【答案】displeased

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞。

【解題思路】because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，橫線處為謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)時(shí)間8thcentury，可知句子時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)。這里指的是伎樂愚蠢可笑的特點(diǎn)讓統(tǒng)治者_(dá)_____，因此伎樂不受歡迎，displease的意思為“使惱怒，使生氣，使不悅”，符合語境，其過去式為displeased。

【句意】在8世紀(jì)，伎樂因其愚蠢可笑的特點(diǎn)，當(dāng)時(shí)的日本統(tǒng)治者聽了不悅，因此不受歡迎。

13.單選題

Theartisthasmadea()ofcombiningthefirst-ratephotographyanddesignwithadvancedtechnologyineverypieceofworkheproduces.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discipline

B.principle

C.proposal

D.principal

【答案】A

【解析】discipline學(xué)科，紀(jì)律，訓(xùn)練，懲罰；principle原則，原理；proposal建議，提議；principal首長，校長。句意：這位藝術(shù)家在他的每一件作品中都把一流的攝影和設(shè)計(jì)與先進(jìn)的技術(shù)結(jié)合起來。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

14.單選題

________theythinkitwillcometoanendthroughthehandsofGod,oranaturaldisasterorapoliticalevent,whateverthereason,nearly15percentofpeopleworldwidethinktheendoftheworldiscoming,accordingtoanewpoll.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Either

B.Whether

C.Neither

D.If

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：一項(xiàng)最新調(diào)查顯示，全世界近15%的人認(rèn)為世界末日即將來臨。要么是通過上帝之手，要么是天災(zāi)或者政治事件。根據(jù)題干中…or…可知空格處應(yīng)填寫與之搭配的詞語，只有either…or…符合要求。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.問答題

Indealingwithastudentwhoisactingaggressivelytowardhisclassmates,youwanttosendastrongmessagethataggressivebehaviorwillnotbetoleratedinyourclassroom.Inaddition,youwanttohelphimdevelopmoreappropriatewaysofsettlingdisputeswithhispeers.

Iftwoelementaryschoolstudentsareengagedinafight,useastrongloudvoicetostopit.Ifthatdoesn’twork,youmightsaysomethingodd(“Lookup!Theceilingisfalling!”)todiverttheirattention.Iftheystilldon’tstopandyoucan’tseparatethem,sendastudenttotheofficetogethelp.Ifacrowdofchildrenisgathering,insistthattheymoveawayorsitdown,perhapsclappingyourhandstogettheirattention:(1)Aftertheincidentisover,meetwiththecombatantstogethersotheycangiveyoutheirversionsofwhathappenedandyoucanhelpthemresolveanylingeringproblems.Alsonotifytheparents.

Speakinafirm,no-nonsensemannertostopastudent’saggressivebehavior:usephysicalrestraintasalastresort.Whenrespondingtothestudent,payattentiontoyourverbalaswellasnon-verballanguage.Evenifheisyellingatyou,staycalm.Allowhimtoexpresswhatheisupsetaboutwithoutinterruptinghimandthenacknowledgehisfeelings.Avoidcrossingyourarms,pointingafingerormakingthreats:(2)anyofthoseactionscouldintensifyhisangerandstiffenhisresistance.

Youmightconcludethatastudent’saggressivebehaviorwarrantsseparatinghimfromtherestoftheclass,eithertosendhimastrongmessagethatwhathedidmeritsaseriousconsequenceortoprotecttheotherstudents.Youcandothatbygivinghimatimeoutinclassorbysendinghimtotheoffice.

Althoughhemightexpectyoutoreact(3)punitively,surprisehimbyreactingsupportively.Expressyourconfidencethathecanresolveproblemswithoutbeinghurtfultohispeers.Tellhimthatyouthinkhemustbeupsetaboutsomethingtolosecontrolashedidandyouwanttounderstandwhatmightbebotheringhim.Ifhedoesopenuptoyou,listenattentivelywithoutinterrupting.(4)Speakinginacalmvoice,tellhimthatyouunderstandwhyhewasupset,butstressthathehastofindawaytoexpresshisangerwithwordsratherthanwithhishands.

Youdon’twanttoforceanaggressivestudenttosayheissorrybecausethatmightfuelhisanger,however,youdowanttostronglyencouragehimtomakeamendswiththestudenthehit.(5)Ifheiswillingtodothat,itwillhelpsoothehurtfeelingsandavoidfutureconflicts.

【答案】答：

1.Youneedtochatwithcombatantsengagedinthefightsoonafterwards,toknowthedetaileddescriptionofincidentsandhelptoreconcilethebothside,andinformtheirparents.

2.Anycriticalspeechandactivitywillintensifyaggressivestudent’sangerandstiffenhisresistance.

3.involvingpunishment

4.Speakingtohimcalmlytotellyourunderstandingabouthisupset,youstressthatheshouldlearntoexpressintenseemotionwithwordsratherthanwithfightingways.

5.Onceanaggressivestudentiswillingtosaysorrywithoutinstruction,itwillhelpsoothothers’hurtfeelingandavoidfutureconflicts.

【解析】1.原文句意是：事件結(jié)束后，與打架的雙方學(xué)生見面，讓他們告訴你發(fā)生了什么，幫助他們化解相互之間的矛盾，同時(shí)還要通知家長。通過分析原文句子，該句的意思是兩層：一是在打架后和學(xué)生談話并了解情況，二是通知家長。故該句子可以改寫為Youneedtochatwithcombatantsengagedinthefightsoonafterwards,toknowthedetaileddescriptionofincidentsandhelptoreconcilethebothside,andinformtheirparents（你需要和打架同學(xué)交談，了解事件的詳情，幫助調(diào)解雙方，并告知他們的父母）。

2.原文句意是：任何這些行為都可能加劇他的憤怒和加強(qiáng)他的抵抗。根據(jù)原文可知原句中的thoseactions指的是上文所提到的行為，上文提到Evenifheisyellingatyou,staycalm.（即使他對你大喊大叫，你也要保持冷靜）和Avoidcrossingyourarms,pointingafingerormakingthreats（避免交叉雙臂，用手指或威脅），由此可知，thoseactions指的是言語和動(dòng)作上的行為，所以該句可以擴(kuò)充改寫為Anycriticalspeechandactivitywillintensifyaggressivestudent’sangerandstiffenhisresistance（任何批評性的言論和活動(dòng)都會加劇好斗學(xué)生的憤怒，加強(qiáng)他們的反抗）。

3.原文中這個(gè)詞語的意思是“懲罰地”；整個(gè)句子的意思是：雖然他可能期望你的反應(yīng)是懲罰性的，但讓他驚訝的是你的反應(yīng)是支持的。這里可以把punitively副詞形式改寫為非謂語動(dòng)詞形式involvingpunishment（設(shè)計(jì)懲罰）。

4.原文句意是：用平靜的聲音告訴他，你理解他為什么難過，但強(qiáng)調(diào)他必須用語言來表達(dá)憤怒，而不是用手。原文的clam（冷靜的）可以改為副詞，即calmly（冷靜地）；anger（憤怒）可以換一種說法，即intenseemotion（強(qiáng)烈的感情）；那么整個(gè)句子就是Speakingtohimcalmlytotellyourunderstandingabouthisupset,youstressthatheshouldlearntoexpressintenseemotionwithwordsratherthanwithfightingways（平靜地和他說話，告訴他你理解他的難過，強(qiáng)調(diào)他應(yīng)該學(xué)會用語言而不是用爭斗的方式表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈的情感）。

5.原文句意是：如果他愿意這樣做，這將有助于安撫受傷的感情，避免未來的沖突。這個(gè)句子我們要理解原句中that所指代的內(nèi)容；原文最后一段第一句提到y(tǒng)oudowanttostronglyencouragehimtomakeamendswiththestudenthehit.（你確實(shí)想要強(qiáng)烈鼓勵(lì)他向他打過的學(xué)生賠罪），由此可知，that所指代的內(nèi)容就是鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生道歉；那么這個(gè)句子可以解釋為Onceanaggressivestudentiswillingtosaysorrywithoutinstruction,itwillhelpsoothothers’hurtfeelingandavoidfutureconflicts（一旦一個(gè)好斗的學(xué)生愿意在沒有得到指導(dǎo)的情況下說對不起，這將有助于緩解他人受到的傷害，避免未來的沖突）。

16.單選題

Sinceitwaslastsubstantiallyreformed30yearsago,theU.S.PostalServicehasusuallyturnedaprofit:itsgovernment-mandatedmonopolyisonereason.Butsizeisanother.WhenU.S.postageratesareincreasedbyasinglepenny,another$1billonpoursintotheUSPS.Thismonopolyhasplentyofaddedbonuses.Lettercarriersreceivefederalbenefitsanddon’thavetopayparkingtickets.Theservicepaysnosalesorpropertytaxes,nolicensefeesforitsmailtrucks.Thepostalservicealsoplanstoincreasethecostofmailingmagazines15%,amovethathasraisedtheangerofmagazinepublishers.

Thereisnoshortageofcritics.Newspaperheadlinebemoanthe“PostalDisservice”andcryforprivatization.Oklahomalegislatorshavepassedaresolutionchallengingtheservice'stax-exemptstatus.FederalstudieschargetheUSPSwitheverythingfrommismanagementtomisappropriation.Accordingtothefederallimes,thepostoffice’sInternationalBusinessUnitwasgivenfundingandastaffof200tocreateanextensivegloballogisticsnetworkthatwassupposedtogenerate$10billioninrevenueby2005.Theprograms,knownasGlobalPriorityMailandGlobalPackageLink,flopped.YetanotherauditfoundthattheUSPSlossesmorethan$1billonayearbynotcollectinginternationaldutiesonpackages.Perhapsworstofall,CNFTransportation,whichownsEmeiyWorldwide,issuingthepostofficefornotpayingitsbillsonanoverseas-deliveryjointventure.

Newalliances-liketheonewithFedEx-maybetheUSPS’sbestchanceforsurvivalinadigitalworld,wheresuccessislessaboutdeliveringenvelopesthanaboutoptimizingnetworksandmanaginginformation.

Ultimately,however,therealbeneficiaryofaUSPS-FedExalliancewillbetheMemphis-basedpowerhouse.Besidesgainingaccesstothat“l(fā)astmile”tosomeone'smailbox,FedExcouldleveragethearrangementbyplantingdrop-offboxesinpost-officelobbies.Evenifgovernmentregulatorslimitthecombinationonantitrustgrounds,FedExissteamingaheadwithotherjointventures,includingadealwiththeFrenchpostalagencyLaPoste.FredSmithhasalreadyprovedFedEx'sglobalstrength.Mostanalystsseehisdomesticstrategyasacleverwaytopositionhis29-year-oldcompanyforwhatmanybelievewillbetheUSPS’inevitabledissolution.

Unlessitundergoesradicalreformsoon,theU.S.PostalService'sdaysareprobablynumbered.Evenitsprimarymarket,firstclassmail,isexpectedtoshrink27%overthenextdecade,representingthelossofanadditional$17billioninrevenues.AndsomeanalystswarnthatdealswithprivatecarrierswillsimplyundercutUSPSassets,leavingitwithlittlemorethanitsmostrural-andleastprofitable-routestoserve.

PostmasterGeneralHendersonresistseventhesuggestionthatPostalServicecoulddisappearandhasvowedtoshakeuphismassiveorganization.YetintestimonytoCongresslastmonth,heseemedresignedtoafatethatisuncertainatbest.Ashearguedforsupportofthepostalreformbillthathaslanguishedincommitteeformanyyears,theUSPSveteranfellbackonasentimentalplea.Hecitedstatisticsshowingthat66%ofallAmericanbelievethemailisourmostprivateandsecurefromofcommunication.“Thesefindingsareatestimonytotheenduringstrengthanduniquepowerofthemail,”saidHenderson.“Peoplelookforwardtothemail,andwhenitarrives,theygiveittheirundividedattention.”

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementisthecorrectreasonwhyUSPSiscriticized?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.TherealchanceforthesurvivaloftheUSPSinthepresentdigitalworldis（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,therealbeneficiaryofaUSPS-FedExallianceis（）.

5.Whatisthecorrectmeaningtotheworld“l(fā)anguish”inthelastparagraphofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thegovernment-mandatedmonopolyoftheUSPS.

B.Thetax-exemptstatusoftheUSPS.

C.ThemisuseoffundsoftheUSPSwhichcausesgreatlossesforthegovernment

D.Allofabove.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Newprograms,likeGlobalPriorityandGlobalPackageLinkmakeprofitsforUSPSaswell.

B.Thegovernment-mandatedmonopolygivesUSPSmanyopportunitiestoearnmoney.

C.TheavoidingofpayingtaxesisanotherwaythatUSPSusestoincreaseitsprofit.

D.ThebigsizeisonereasonthatUSPSmakesprofitsinthelast30years.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.newalliance

B.thedealwithforeignpostalagencyLaPoste

C.thesupportofthepostal-reformbill

D.radicalreform

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.USPS

B.Memphis

C.FedEx

D.otherjointventures

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.plea

B.support

C.decay

D.suggest

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“下列哪些陳述是USPS受到指責(zé)的正確原因？”文章第二段提到報(bào)紙頭條嘆息USPS在郵政上幫倒忙并呼吁私有化（Newspaperheadlinebemoanthe“PostalDisservice”andcryforprivatization），由此可知選項(xiàng)A是其中之一，排除；第二段提到俄克拉荷馬州的立法者通過了一項(xiàng)決議，決定改變郵政服務(wù)的免稅狀態(tài)（Oklahomalegislatorshavepassedaresolutionchallengingtheservice’stax-exemptstatus），由此可知選項(xiàng)B是受指責(zé)的原因之一；第二段倒數(shù)第二句話提到USPS投資的全球化優(yōu)先郵件和全球包裹鏈公司的失敗可知選項(xiàng)C是受指責(zé)的原因之一。綜上，選項(xiàng)D“全部都是”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪個(gè)陳述是不正確的？”文章第一段前兩句提到自從30年前最后一次實(shí)質(zhì)性的改革以來，美國郵政服務(wù)通常都是盈利的：其中一個(gè)原因是政府強(qiáng)制的壟斷；另一個(gè)原因是規(guī)模（Sinceitwaslastsubstantiallyreformed30yearsago,theU.S.PostalServicehasusuallyturnedaprofit:itsgovernment-mandatedmonopolyisonereason.Butsizeisanother.），因此選項(xiàng)B與D表述是正確的，排除；文章第一段提到“這種壟斷有很多額外的好處。郵遞員可以銷售聯(lián)邦不利，而且不需要支付停車費(fèi)。這項(xiàng)服務(wù)不需要支付銷售或者資產(chǎn)稅，也不需要為其有車支付許可證費(fèi)用”（Thismonopolyhasplentyofaddedbonuses.Lettercarriersreceivefederalbenefitsanddon’thavetopayparkingtickets.Theservicepaysnosalesorpropertytaxes,nolicensefeesforitsmailtrucks.），由此可知選項(xiàng)C“避稅是USPS增加利潤的另一種方式”表述正確。綜上，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“USPS在當(dāng)今數(shù)字世界中生存的真正機(jī)會是……”。文章第五段第一句話提到“除非進(jìn)行徹底的改革，否則美國郵政服務(wù)的日子可能快到頭了”（Unlessitundergoesradicalreformsoon,theU.S.PostalService'sdaysareprobablynumbered），由此可知選項(xiàng)D“徹底的改變”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在作者看來，USPS與FedEx的聯(lián)合真正受惠者是……”。文章第四段第二句話提到“除了真正實(shí)現(xiàn)至某人郵箱‘最后一英里’，聯(lián)邦快遞公司可以通過在郵局大廳設(shè)立了投遞箱來合理安排”，由此可知真正受惠的是FedEx公司，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.詞義題。題目問的是“文章最后一段languish這個(gè)單詞的意思是什么？”該詞出現(xiàn)在句子Ashearguedforsupportofthepostalreformbillthathaslanguishedincommitteeformanyyears,theUSPSveteranfellbackonasentimentalplea，根據(jù)句子中support與plea可以排除選項(xiàng)B與C；suggest前要有執(zhí)行主語，顯然將其代入句子中缺少執(zhí)行主語，因此只有選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

17.單選題

Thelocalbusinesswasnotmuch___bythesuddenoutbreakoftheepidemic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intervened

B.insulated

C.hampered

D.pampered

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)intervened“介入（intervene的過去式和過去分詞）”；B選項(xiàng)insulated“有隔熱（或隔音、絕緣）保護(hù)的”；C選項(xiàng)hampered“受阻礙的”；D選項(xiàng)pampered“飲食過量的；飲食奢侈的”。句意：這種流行病的突然爆發(fā)并沒有給當(dāng)?shù)氐纳虡I(yè)帶來多大的___。本句表達(dá)“當(dāng)?shù)氐纳虡I(yè)并沒有受阻礙”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

WhichoftheitalicizedpartsindicatedCONTRAST?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sheopenedthedoorandquietlywentin.

B.VictorialikesmusicSamisfondofsports.

C.Thinkitoveragainyou’llgetananswer.

D.Heissomewhatarrogant,Idon’tlikethis.

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞用法。題干：哪個(gè)斜體部分表示對比？

A選項(xiàng)表示并列；B選項(xiàng)表示對比；C選項(xiàng)表示遞進(jìn)；D選項(xiàng)表示轉(zhuǎn)折。

19.寫作題

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteapassageinatleast200wordsonthefollowingtopic.Youshoulduseanappropriatetitleforyourpassage.

Moreandmorestudentschoosetogoabroadforhighereducation.Doyouthinkthebenefitsoutweightheproblemsassociatedwithit?

【答案】GoAbroadforHigherEducation,ADouble-edgedSword20.單選題

The________thatshesuggestedfordiscussionwerebasedonthemostrecentmedicalresearch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contributions

B.occupations

C.expostulations

D.amendments

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“contribution”，意為“貢獻(xiàn)，捐款”；B選項(xiàng)“occupation”,意為“占有權(quán)，職業(yè)”；C選項(xiàng)“expostulation”意為“勸導(dǎo)，忠告”；D選項(xiàng)“amendment”，意為“改善，修正建議”。句意：她建議討論的修正案是基于最新的醫(yī)學(xué)研究。因此，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

21.翻譯題

改革開放以來，中國找到了一條適合自己國情的促進(jìn)和發(fā)展人權(quán)的道路。中國是一個(gè)歷史悠久、人口眾多、資源和財(cái)富相對短缺的東方發(fā)展中國家。在這樣一個(gè)國家促進(jìn)人權(quán)，既不能照搬西方發(fā)達(dá)國家的人權(quán)發(fā)展模式，也不能因襲其他發(fā)展中國家的做法，只能從中國的國情出發(fā)，探索具有自身特點(diǎn)的發(fā)展道路。改革開放以后，中國在總結(jié)歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)的基礎(chǔ)上，找到了一條真正符合中國國情的促進(jìn)人權(quán)發(fā)展的道路。這就是：將生存權(quán)和發(fā)展權(quán)放在首位，在改革、發(fā)展、穩(wěn)定的條件下，全面推進(jìn)人權(quán)。這條道路的特點(diǎn)是：在發(fā)展人權(quán)的基本方向上，堅(jiān)持發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力和共同富裕的原則，立足于改善全國人民的生活和促進(jìn)全國人民人權(quán)的發(fā)展。在促進(jìn)人權(quán)的輕重緩急上，強(qiáng)調(diào)生存權(quán)、發(fā)展權(quán)的首要地位，同時(shí)兼顧公民的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、文化權(quán)利和個(gè)人、集體權(quán)利的全面發(fā)展；在促進(jìn)和保障人權(quán)的方式上，強(qiáng)調(diào)穩(wěn)定是前提，發(fā)展是關(guān)鍵，改革是動(dòng)力，法制是保障。20多年來，由于中國堅(jiān)持了這條正確的發(fā)展道路，不僅使全國人民的生活狀況和精神風(fēng)貌大為改觀，而且形成了一整套比較完備的保障人民民主權(quán)利的政治制度和法律體系，從而使人權(quán)建設(shè)在制度化、法律化的軌道上取得了長足的進(jìn)展，人權(quán)狀況呈現(xiàn)出不斷改善的良好態(tài)勢。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Sincetheimplementationofreformandopening-uppolicy,Chinahasfoundaroadforthepromotionanddevelopmentofhumanrightsthatsuitsitsreality.ChinaisanOrientaldevelopingcountrywithalonghistory,alargepopulationandrelativelyscarceresourcesandwealth.Topromotehumanrightsinsuchacountry,ChinamustneitherimitateindiscriminatelyWesterncountries’developmentmodeofhumanrightsnorfollowotherdevelopingcountries’methodsbutstartfromChina’sactualconditionsandexplorearoadwithitsowncharacteristics.Sincetheimplementationofreformandopening-uppolicy,Chinahas,onthebasisofsumminguphistoricalexperiencesanddrawinglessonsfromthem,foundawaytobuildsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,andthereforehasfoundawaytopromoteanddevelophumanrightsthatisagreeabletoChina’sreality.Thismeansputtingtherighttosubsistenceanddevelopmentinthefirstplaceandpushingforwardhumanrightsinanall?roundwayundertheconditionsofreform,developmentandstability.Thefeaturesofthisroadaretoadheretotheprincipleofdevelopingproductiveforcesandpromotingcommonprosperity,basedonimprovingthelifeofpeoplealloverChinaandpromotingthedevelopmentofhumanrightsofalltheChinesepeopleintermsofthebasicorientationofdevelopinghumanrights.Asfortheorderofimportanceandurgencyofdevelopinghumanrights,therighttosubsistenceanddevelopmentshouldbeputinthefirstplaceandinthemeantime,considerationshouldbegiventodevelopinginanall-roundwaycitizens’political,economic,socialandculturalrightsaswellasindividualandcollectiverights.Asforthewayofpromotingandguaranteeinghumanrights,itshouldbeemphasizedthatstabilityistheprerequisite;developmentisthecrux;reformisthedrivingforce;andgovernmentaccordingtolawistheguarantee.Overthepasttwodecades,China’sadherencetothiscorrectroadtodevelopmenthasledtonotonlytheimprovementofChinesepeople’slivingconditionsandtheirmoralebutalsotheformationofawholesetofrelativelycompletepoliticalandlegalsystemsensuringpeople’sdemocraticrights.Thus,greatprogresshasbeenmadeinputtinghumanrightsintoalegalandinstitutionalframework,andChina’shumanrightsdevelopmenthasbeenimprovingincessantly.

22.單選題

Mr.Smithrecentlyhas（）tennistorelaxhimselfinsparetime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takenup

B.takenin

C.taken