考研考博-英語-南京森林警察學院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京森林警察學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Hismotherscannedhisfacetoseeifhewastellingthetruth.

問題1選項

A.indicated

B.scrutinized

C.caressed

D.penetrated

【答案】D

【解析】考查同義動詞辨析。A選項indicated“表明，顯示，象征，暗示”；B選項scrutinized“仔細查看；認真檢查；細致審查”，表示用挑剔的眼光以及對細節(jié)苛求的態(tài)度檢查；C選項caressed“撫摸，愛撫”；D選項penetrated“看透；透過……看見，洞察；發(fā)現(xiàn)；揭示”。句意：他母親審視著他的臉，想看看他是否在說真話。Scan“細看；察看；審視；端詳”。D選項與scan意思最接近，因此D選項正確。

2.單選題

Tosaythatasoldierfoughtinbattlelikelionmaybeadescriptive（

）,butitdoesnotmeanthathewasonallfoursroaringandwagginghistail.

問題1選項

A.analogue

B.analogy

C.analytic

D.node

【答案】B

【解析】句意:將一個在戰(zhàn)爭中的戰(zhàn)士說成獅子一樣可能是一個不錯的比喻，但是這并不意味著他四肢著地搖著尾巴大聲咆哮著。

形近詞辨析。Analogue類似物，相似物;analogy比喻，相似;analytic分解的;anode陽極。題目中的Tosaythatasoldierfoughtinbattlelikelion這個部分是將戰(zhàn)士比喻成獅子。故選B。

3.單選題

JamesJoycewasanIrishnovelistwhorevolutionizedthemethodsofdepictingcharactersanddevelopingaplotinmodernfiction.Hisastonishingwayof（1）anovel,hisfrankportrayalofhuman

（2）

inhisbooks,andhiscompletecommandofEnglishhave

（3）

himoneoftheoutstandinginfluencesonliteratureinthe20thcentury.Many

（4）

judgethatheissecondonlytoShakespeareinhis

（5）

oftheEnglishlanguage.JoycewasdeeplyinfluencedbyIrelandand

（6）

allhisbooksaboutDublin.

WhenhewasinDublinCollege,he

（7）

languagesandspenthissparetimereadingbooks.He

（8）

totakepartinthenationalist

（9）

likehisfellowstudents,buthebecame

（10）

interestedinliterature.Hewroteoutspoken

（11）

ofliterarycriticismthatshockedhisteachersandeventaughthimselfNorwegiansothathecouldreadIbsen’sworksinthe

（12）.

Whenhegraduatedin1902,he

（13）

hewouldbecomeawriterandan

（14）

,becausehefelthecouldnotbeone

（15）

theother.Inordertopreservehisidealofwriting

（16）

,fully,andasobjectivelyasheknewhow,

（17）

thepeopleandplacesheknewbest,hehadtoescapefromall

（18）

tobecomeinvolvedinpopular

（19）

orpubliclife.HewenttoFrance,ItalyandSwitzerland,wherehelivedin

（20）

andobscurityforthefirst20years,onlyreturningtoIrelandwhenhismotherwasdying.Exceptforacoupleofbrieftrips,hestayedabroadallhislife.

問題1選項

A.investigating

B.constructing

C.depicting

D.experiencing

問題2選項

A.nature

B.method

C.surrounding

D.figure

問題3選項

A.performed

B.magnified

C.exaggerated

D.made

問題4選項

A.wearing

B.worn

C.critics

D.takingoff

問題5選項

A.mastery

B.acquisition

C.familiarity

D.acquaintance

問題6選項

A.unscripted

B.illuminated

C.documented

D.wrote

問題7選項

A.attempted

B.persuaded

C.studied

D.undertook

問題8選項

A.accepted

B.refused

C.persevered

D.admitted

問題9選項

A.movement

B.revolution

C.campaign

D.challenge

問題10選項

A.passionately

B.addicted

C.fascinated

D.unconcerned

問題11選項

A.journals

B.articles

C.argumentations

D.paintings

問題12選項

A.primary

B.artificial

C.rendered

D.original

問題13選項

A.sensed

B.knew

C.presented

D.suggested

問題14選項

A.exile

B.imprisonment

C.obtrude

D.expire

問題15選項

A.without

B.withstand

C.withdraw

D.withhold

問題16選項

A.mutably

B.truthfully

C.ephemerally

D.filially

問題17選項

A.about

B.hither

C.within

D.beneath

問題18選項

A.tabernacles

B.reiteration

C.temptations

D.reimbursement

問題19選項

A.recognition

B.publication

C.impact

D.opinion

問題20選項

A.tranquility

B.poverty

C.exhilaration

D.matriculation

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:A

第11題:B

第12題:D

第13題:B

第14題:A

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:C

第19題:D

第20題:B

【解析】（1）考查動詞詞義辨析。investigate“調(diào)查；研究”；construct“建造，創(chuàng)立”；depict“描述”；experience“經(jīng)驗；體驗”。由anIrishnovelist與anovel可知B項符合語義。答案B。

（2）考查名詞詞義辨析。nature“性質(zhì)”；method“方法”；surrounding“環(huán)境”；figure“數(shù)字”。由portrayal及human可知這里指代人物本性。答案A。

（3）考查動詞詞義辨析。perform“執(zhí)行”；magnify“放大”；exaggerate“使擴大；使增大”；make“制造；形成”。由himoneoftheoutstandinginfluencesonliterature可知答案為D。

（4）考查動詞及名詞詞義辨析。wearing“穿著”；worn“疲倦的；用舊的”；critics“評論家；吹毛求疵的人”；takingoff“測量；減退”。由judge可知C項符合題意，答案C。

（5）考查名詞詞義辨析。mastery“掌握”；acquisition“獲得”；familiarity“熟悉”；acquaintance“熟人；知道”。由Shakespeare及theEnglishlanguage知A項正確，答案A。

（6）考查動詞詞義辨析。unscripted“不用稿子的”；illuminate“闡明；照亮”；document“用文件證明”；

write“書寫；寫信給”。由allhisbooksaboutDublin可知D項正確，答案D。

（7）考查動詞詞義辨析。attempt“企圖，嘗試”；persuade“說服；勸說”；study“學習；細察”；undertake“承擔；從事”。由“inDublinCollege及“l(fā)anguages可知C項正確。答案C。

（8）考查動詞詞義辨析。accept“接受；容納”；refuse“拒絕；抵制”；persevere“堅持；不屈不撓”；admit“承認；準許進入”。由“but”可知這里指代“拒絕參加”。答案B。

（9）考查固定搭配。movement“運動；運轉(zhuǎn)”；revolution“革命；運行”；campaign“運動”；challenge“挑戰(zhàn)；懷疑”。由歷史常識“愛爾蘭有反對英國統(tǒng)治的民族主義運動歷史”及固定搭配nationalistmovement知A項符合題意。答案A。

（10）考查副詞及形容詞詞義辨析。passionately“熱情地；激昂地”；addicted“沉溺于”；fascinated“著迷的”；unconcerned“不關(guān)心的；無憂慮的”。interestedinliterature中interested為形容詞，需用一個副詞來修飾interested,A項符合題意。答案A。

（11）考查名詞詞義辨析。journal“日報，日記”；article“文章；條款”；argumentation“論證；辯論”；painting“繪畫”。由wrote及ofliteraiycriticism可知B項符合題意。答案B。

（12）考查形容詞詞義辨析。primary“主要的；基本的”；artificial“仿造的”；rendered“已渲染的”；original“原始的；新穎的”。由eventaughthimselfNorwegian及“readIbsen’sworks可知這里指代“閱讀易卜生用挪威語寫的原著”，故答案D。

（13）考查動詞詞義辨析。sense感覺到；know“知道”；present“提出；呈現(xiàn)；贈送”；suggest“提議；暗示”。由hewouldbecomeawriter及becausehefelt可知B項符合題意，答案B。

（14）考查動詞及名詞詞義辨析。exile“流放，離鄉(xiāng)背井者”；imprisonment“監(jiān)禁；坐牢”；obtrude“逼使；強迫”；expire“呼出（氣體），排出”。由awriter可知這里應(yīng)填名詞，由此排除C項與D項；再由最后一段中“...hestayedabroadallhislife它一生待在國外”知“離鄉(xiāng)背井者”符合，故答案A。

（15）考查介詞及動詞詞義辨析。without“沒有”；withstand“抵擋；反抗”；withdraw“撤退；撤銷”；withhold“保留;抑制”。由空格前“hewouldbecomeawriterandan...”、“one”與“theother”分別指代一種身份知空格處應(yīng)填一個表示“沒有”意思的介詞，故本題答案選項為A。

（16）考查副詞詞義辨析。mutably“無常地”；truthfully“誠實地”；ephemerally“短暫地”；filially“孝順地”。由Inordertopreservehisidealofwriting及fully、asobjectivelyasheknewhow可知“誠實地”符合題意，答案B。

（17）考查介詞和副詞詞義辨析。about關(guān)于；大約”；hither“到這里；在這里”；within“在······之內(nèi)”;beneath“在······之下”。由Inordertopreservehisidealofwriting知本題答案為A。

（18）考查名詞詞義辨析。tabernacle“臨時房屋；神龕”；reiteration“重復(fù)；重說”；temptation“引誘；誘惑物”；reimbursement“退還；賠償”。由becomeinvolvedinpopular（

）orpubliclife可知本題答案C。

（19）考查名詞詞義辨析。recognition“承認，認出；公認”；publication“出版；出版物”；impact“影響”；opinion“意見，觀點”。由orpubliclife可知D項正確，答案D。

（20）考查名詞詞義辨析。tranquility“寧靜；平靜”；poverty“貧窮；困難”；exhilaration“興奮；歡欣”；matriculation“入學考試；錄取入學”。由obscurity可知本題答案為B。

4.單選題

Wearemeanttolivedangerouslyandshouldnotbesheltered.Lifeisaperilousadventure;itsrichnessisinits（

）.

問題1選項

A.hazards

B.security

C.peace

D.length

【答案】A

【解析】句意:人生來就是要去冒險的,而不應(yīng)該生活在庇護之下;生命就是一場危機四伏的冒險,它的豐富多彩就在于它的危險。選項A符合句意。

5.翻譯題

Putthefollowing10sentencesintoChinese.

Thepurposebehindsuchattemptsistoinfluencepublicopinionandjustifytheaggressivewar.

Ibelieve,therearefewinEnglandwhoknowmeatallwhodonotknowmeasanIrishCatholic.

Booksarethebest,wellused;abused,amongtheworst.

Ifaspecificrelationshipseemstobetrueinanumberofcases,withoutanyexceptions,thenitmaybehypothesizedthattherelationshipholdsingeneral.

Largefieldsofthesamecropalsoresultinrapidmultiplicationofdestructiveinsects.

Marketresearchisastudyoftherequirementsofvariousmarkets,theacceptabilityofproducts,andthemethodsofdevelopingorexploitingnewmarkets.

Withmoreandmorewomenenteringtherankofmanagement,researchersbegintoexploretherelationshipbetweengenderandleadership.

Cultureisactivityofthought,andreceptivenesstobeautyandhumanefeeling.Scrapsofinformationhavenothingtodowithit.

ManyscientificinventionsorestablishmentsoriginatedfromEuropewerefirsttobeappliedorimplementedinUSA.

Itisunavoidablethatpeopleoftwogenerationsandeventhoseofthesameagedifferintheirvaluesandpursuits.

【答案】這種做法背后的目的就是為了影響公眾的想法以及證明這場侵略戰(zhàn)爭的合法性。

我相信，在英格蘭凡是認識我的人，幾乎都知道我是個愛爾蘭天主教徒。

如果利用得當，書籍就是最好的朋友；反之，如果濫用，它就會變成最壞的東西了。

如果某一特定的關(guān)系在很多情況下都正確，且無一例外，則可以假定，該關(guān)系可以成立。

大片相同的作物也會導(dǎo)致破壞性昆蟲的快速增殖。

市場研究是研究不同的市場的需求、產(chǎn)品的可接受性、發(fā)展或者開發(fā)新市場的方法。

隨著越來越多的女性進入管理層，研究人員開始探索性別和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力之間的關(guān)系。

文化素養(yǎng)是一種思想活動，具有對美和人情感悟能力。道聽途說的點滴知識與此完全是兩碼事。

許多起源于歐洲的科學發(fā)明或者機構(gòu)首次在美國被應(yīng)用或者實現(xiàn)。

兩代人甚至同齡人之間在價值觀和追求上的差異是不可避免的。

6.單選題

TheSmithswentintothedepartmentstoretobuythings,leavingtheircar’sengine（）over.

問題1選項

A.ticking

B.tumbling

C.turning

D.running

【答案】C

【解析】tickover進展緩慢；tumbleover打翻；turnover發(fā)動；runover復(fù)查。句意：史密斯一家到百貨公司購物，沒有關(guān)掉車的引擎。也就是說車的引擎還發(fā)動著，選項C符合句意。

7.單選題

Diseasesofthetwenty-firstcenturyareinevitablybedifferentfromthoseofthetwentiethcentury;justasourpresentillnesseshavebeenquitedifferentfromthoseofthenineteenthcentury.Althoughourhealthisimprovinginmanywaysandwearelivinglongerthaninpreviousdecades,newdiseasesandconditionsthreatenthequalityofourlives.Wehavealreadyobservedsomesignificantchangesinthe1980sthatforetoldwhathealthproblemslieaheadinthetwenty-firstcentury:

Diseasesoftheimmunesystem,notjustAIDSbutvariousconditionsofadeficientoroveractiveimmunesystem,havereachedepidemicproportions.

Thenumberofpeoplesufferingfromviralconditionsthatareincurablewithconventionaltherapiesisincreasing,andthenumberofnewlydefinedviralconditions,suchastheEpstein-BarrVirusandcytomegalovirus,isalsoincreasingsignificantly.

Moreandmorebacterialinfectionsarebecomingresistanttocommonlyusedantibioticsandarerequiringstrongerantibiotics,whichalsoarenetalwayssuccessfulincuringtheinfections.

Allergiestofoods,tocommonsubstancessuchasanimalhairsandhousedust,andtonewchemicalsarebecomingmoreprevalent.OneinsevenAmericanshadanallergyin1950,asmanyasoneinfivehadanallergyin1970,andapproximately75millionAmericans,ornearlyoneinthree,hadanallergyin1985.

Chronicdisabilityisaffectingpeoplemorefrequentlyatyoungerandyoungerages.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforHealthStatistics,thepercentageofchildrenunder17yearsofagewhoarelimitedinactivityduetochronicconditionsincreasedby86%from1967to1979.

Mentaldiseaseisaffectingmoreandmorepeople.TheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthestimatedin1984thatoneineveryfiveAmericanshadamentaldisorder.Thissamestudyrevealedthat,duringasix-monthperiod,8.3%ofAmericanssufferedfromananxietydisorder,6.4%hadanalcoholordrugproblem,and6%hadamooddisorder.

Inadditiontothesevarioustrends,oneofthemoresignificantfactsthatwillaffectthefutureofhealthcareisthatlargerpercentageofthepopulationwillbeover65yearsold.AccordingtoprojectionsbytheUSBureauoftheCensus,thesizeoftheAmericanpopulationOver65in1985willhavedoubledby2030.

Futuristsgenerallyassumethattwenty-firstcenturymedicinewillincludenewandmore-powerfuldrugsandvariousinnovativetechnologicalinterventions.However,futuriststendtoignoretheseriousproblemspresentlyarisingfromconventionalmedications.Accordingto1986statistics,theaverageAmericanreceives7.5prescriptionsayeahThisisaparticularlyfrighteningnumberbecauseweallknowtherearepeoplewhohavenotbeenprescribedanymedicationsinthepastyear,whichmeansthatsomeoneelseisgettingtheir7.5drugs.

Sincemostdrugshavesideeffects,someofwhicharequiteserious,andsincethesickpersonisoftenprescribedseveraldrugsatthesametime,anyofwhichmayhaveevengreaterpotentialforsideeffects,itisnowonderthat50%ofthetimepeopledonotevengettheirdrugprescriptionsfilled.Additionallyvariousstudieshaveindicatedthat25%to90%ofthetimepatientsmakeerrorsinadministeringthemedicines.Despitetherespectthatpeoplegenerallyshowinwardpresent-dayphysicians,theredoesnotseemtobeequalconfidenceinthetreatmentstheyprescribe.

1.Thatdiseasesofthe21stcenturyaredifferentfromthoseof20thcenturyis（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutdiseasesoftheimmunesystem?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

4.Wemayinferfromthepassagethat（）.

5.AccordingtotheNationalInstituteofMentalHealth,in1984,（）.

問題1選項

A.whatscientistsareworriedabout

B.awell-groundedstatement

C.drawnonchangesinthemedicalprofession

D.notnecessarilytrue

問題2選項

A.TheyrefertoAIDSonly.

B.Theybecomeepidemicinthe21stcentury.

C.Theycropupinvariousorgans.

D.Theymakepatientsoveractiveandfeelrestless.

問題3選項

A.Casesofchronicdisabilityincreasedbyanalarmingrateof86%inthelate1980s.

B.Chronicdisabilityusedtoaffectoldpeopleonly.

C.Chronicdisabilitycausessomepeopletobelimitedinactivity.

D.Chronicdisabilityhasincreasedgreatlyamongtheteenagers.

問題4選項

A.manyofthe21stcenturydiseasesarecloselyrelatedtotheenvironment

B.theaveragelifespanwillbecomestilllongerdespiteallthefuturediseases

C.man'sabilitytoresistdiseaseswillnotchangewithtime

D.peopleofthe21stcenturyknowbetterhowtomakefulluseoftheirprescribedmedicine.

問題5選項

A.25%oftheAmericanshadamentaldisorder

B.doctorspredictedthatthementalcaseswouldbedeclininginthe21thcentury

C.thesizeoftheAmericanpopulationover65withmentaldisorderswasdoubled

D.casesofmentaldisordersincreasedquickly

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.本題可采用排除法。選項A在文中沒有提及科學家們的擔心,所以不正確；根據(jù)第一段第一句“Diseasesofthetwenty-firstcenturyareinevitablybedifferentfromthoseofthetwentiethcentury;”可知選項D錯誤；結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文講述的是20世紀存在的事實,由此可知是對21世紀的推測,所以選項B表述也不正確；只有選項C正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,免疫系統(tǒng)疾病,不僅是艾滋病,甚至包括免疫系統(tǒng)缺陷或過度活躍的各種情況,都已達到流行病的程度。選項B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第六段第一句“Chronicdisabilityisaffectingpeoplemorefrequentlyatyoungerandyoungerages.”可知,選項B不正確。

4.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句,除了這些不同的趨勢之外,影響醫(yī)療保健未來的一個更重要的事實是,65歲以上的人口比例將更大。也就是說,盡管未來會有各種疾病,但人類的平均壽命將會變得更長。選項B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“theNationalInstituteofMentalHealth”定位到倒數(shù)第四段,根據(jù)上下文,精神疾病正在影響越來越多的人,每五個美國人中就有一個患有精神障礙。由此可知,精神疾病的病例迅速增加。選項D符合原文。

8.單選題

Ihadanexperiencesomeyearsagowhichtaughtmesomethingaboutthewaysinwhichpeoplemakeabadsituationworsebyblamingthemselves.OneJanuary,Ihadtoofficiateattwofuneralsonsuccessivedaysfor“fullofyears”astheBiblewouldsay;bothyieldedtothenormalwearingoutofthebodyafteralongandfulllife.Theirhomeshappenedtobeneareachother,soIpaidcondolencecallsonthetwofamiliesonthesameafternoon.

Atthefirsthome,thesonofthedeceasedwomansaidtome,“IfonlyIhadsentmymothertoFloridaandgottenheroutofthiscoldandsnow,shewouldbealivetoday.It’smyfaultthatshedied.”Atthesecondhome,thesonoftheotherdeceasedwomansaid,“IfonlyIhadn’tinsistedonmymother’sgoingtoFlorida,shewouldbealivetoday.Thatlongairplaneride,theabruptchangeofclimate,wasmorethanshecouldtake.It’smyfaultthatshe’sdead.”

Whenthingsdon’tturnoutaswewouldlikethemto,itisverytemptingtoassumethathadwedonethingsdifferently,thestorywouldhavehadahappierending.Priestsknowthatanytimethereisadeath,thesurvivorswillfeelguilty.Becausethecourseofactiontheytookturnedoutbadly,theybelievedthattheoppositecourse—keepingMotherathome,postponingtheoperationthatwouldhaveturnedoutbetter.Afterall,howcouldhaveturnedoutanyworse?

Thereseemtobetwoelementsinvolvedinourreadinesstofeelguilty.Thefirstisourpressingneedtobelievethattheworldmakessense,thatthereisacauseforeveryeffectandareasonforeverythingthathappens.Thatleadsustofindpatternsandconnectionsbothwheretheyreallyexistandwheretheyexistonlyinourminds.

Thesecondelementisthenotionthatwearethecauseofwhathappens,especiallythebadthingsthathappen.Itseemstobeashortstepfrombelievingthateveryeventhasacausetobelievingthateverydisasterisourfault.Therootsoffeelingmaylieinourchildhood.Psychologistsspeakoftheinfantilemythofomnipotence.Ababycomestothinkthattheworldexiststomeethisneeds,andthathemakeseverythinghappeninit.Hewakesupinthemorningandsummonstherestoftheworldtoitstasks.Hecries,andsomeonecomestoattendtohim.Whenheishungry,peoplefeedhim,andwhenheiswet,peoplechangehim.Veryoften,wedonotcompletelyoutgrowthatinfantilenotionthatourwishescausethingstohappen.

1.Whatissaidaboutthetwodeceasedelderlywoman?

2.Theauthorhadtoconductthetwowomen’sfuneralsprobablybecause（

）.

3.Peoplefeelguiltyforthedeathsoftheirlovedonesbecause

（

）.

4.Inthecontextofthepassage,“...theworldmakessense”(Line2,Para.4)probablymeansthat

（

）.

5.Peoplehavebeenmadetobelievesinceinfancythat（

）.

問題1選項

A.Theylivedoutanaturallife.

B.Theydiedofexhaustionafterthelongplaneride.

C.Theyweren’taccustomedtothechangeinweather.

D.Theydiedduetolackofcarebyfamilymembers.

問題2選項

A.hewantedtoconsolethetwofamilies

B.hewasanofficialfromthecommunity

C.hehadgreatsympathyforthedeceased

D.hewaspriestofthelocalchurch

問題3選項

A.theycouldn’tfindabetterwaytoexpresstheirgrief

B.theybelievethattheywereresponsible

C.theyhadneglectedthenaturalcourseofevents

D.theydidn’tknowthingsoftenturnoutintheoppositedirection

問題4選項

A.everythingintheworldispredetermined

B.theworldcanbeinterpretedindifferentways

C.there’sanexplanationforeverythingintheworld

D.wehavetobesensibleinordertounderstandtheworld

問題5選項

A.everybodyisattheircommand

B.lifeanddeathisanunsolvedmystery

C.everystoryshouldhaveahappyending

D.theirwishesarethecauseofeverythingthathappens

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段的OneJanuary,Ihadtoofficiateattwofuneralsonsuccessivedaysfor“fullofyears”astheBiblewouldsay;bothyieldedtothenormalwearingoutofthebodyafteralongandfulllife(那是在一月，我連著為兩位年邁的老人主持葬禮,正如圣經(jīng)中所說，這兩位老人都是在經(jīng)歷了漫長和完整的人生之后的身體正常耗盡)可知選項A“兩位老人終其天年”與文章意思相符。

2.判斷推理題。題目是問“作者需要為兩位老人辦理喪事的原因有可能是什么。選項A:因為作者想安慰這兩個家，B:因為作者是那個社區(qū)的公務(wù)人員，C:因為作者對死者懷有無限同情和D:因為作者是當?shù)亟烫玫哪翈?，并且根?jù)原文Ihadtoofficiateattwofuneralsonsuccessivedaysfor“fullofyears”as...中的關(guān)鍵詞officiate“主持宗教儀式”和onsuccessivedays“連續(xù)”可知極有可能的原因是選項D。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息Peoplefeelguiltyforthedeathsoftheirloved定位至第三段:Priestsknowthatanytimethereisadeath,thesurvivorswillfeelguilty.,而后面緊接著說到原因:Becausethecourseofactiontheytookturnedoutbadly,theybelievedthattheoppositecourse—keepingMotherathome,postponingtheoperationthatwouldhaveturnedoutbetter(當他們的行動計劃引起了壞的結(jié)果時，他們就會相信如果當初采取不同的行動計劃，如將母親留在家里以及將計劃延期，那么結(jié)果就會好很多)，由此可知人們通常會對至親的去世感到內(nèi)疚是因為他們認為自己對于至親的去世負有貴任，即選項B。

4.語義題。第四段主要是對我們常常會感到自責的原因之一的介紹，根據(jù)這—段中的Thefirstisourpressingneedtobelievethattheworldmakessense,thatthereisacauseforeveryeffectandareasonforeverythingthathappens.“一方面是因為我們非常相信世界自有其道理，也就是說世間的一切都有某發(fā)生存在的原因”可知theworldmakessense意思是世間的一切都有其發(fā)生存在的原因，故答案選項為C。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章最后一句話Veryoften,wedonotcompletelyoutgrowthatinfantilenotionthatourwishescausethingstohappen.“通常，我們都沒有從那個嬰兒時期形成的觀念中擺脫出來，即一切事件都發(fā)生都取決于我們自身的意念”，故答案選項為D“他們自身的意念是導(dǎo)致一切發(fā)生的根本原因”。

9.翻譯題

Happinessisabyproductofsomethingelse.Themostobvioussourcesarethosepursuitsthatgiveourlivespurpose—anythingfromstudyinginsectstoplayingbaseball.Themorepassionswehave,themorehappinesswearelikelytoexperience.Finally,thebeliefthatsomethingpermanenttranscendsusandthatourexistencehassomelargermeaningcanhelpusbehappier.Weneedaspiritualfaith,oraphilosophyoflife.Whateveryourphilosophy,itshouldincludethistruism:ifyouchoosetofindtheawful,youwillbecursed.Aswithhappinessitself,thisislargelyyourdecisiontomake.

【答案】幸福是由其他東西附帶來的。最明顯的來源就是那些賦予我們生活以目的的追求——從研究昆蟲到打棒球都是。我們感興趣的事情越多，我們就越能感受到幸福。最終，相信某種永恒的東西可以超越我們，相信我們的存在有更大的意義，這樣的信念可以使我們更快樂。我們需要一種精神信仰，或者說一種生活哲學。無論你的哲學是什么，它都應(yīng)該包含這樣一個不言自明的道理：如果你選擇尋找可怕的東西，那么你將會被詛咒。就像幸福本身一樣，這在很大程度上取決于你的決定。

10.翻譯題

WehavenoideaifonlineadsworkInthesummerof2003,ViacomexecutiveMelKarmazinmanagedtosumupoldmedia’shorroroftheInternetwithoneofbusinesslore’sgreatestvulgaron-liners.Karmazin,aswaggeringformeradsalesmanandonetimeCBSCorporationpresident,hadmadeanexpeditiontocheckoutSiliconValley'shottestyoungupstart:Google.Sittinginthefuturesearchgiant’soffices,helistenedindismayasitsfounders,LarryPageandSergeyBrin,anditsCEO,EricSchmidt,detailedthemanywaystheircompanycouldtrackandanalyzetheeffectivenessofonlineadvertising.Thiscouldnotpossiblybegoodforbusiness,Karmazinthought,1.Ithadalwaysbeennearlyimpossibleformarketerstotellwhichoftheiradsworkedandwhichdidn’tandthelesstheyknew,themoreanetworklikeCBScouldchargefora30-secondspot.Artwasfarmoreprofitablethanscience.

Adecadelater,someonefinallyseemstobe,well,messingwithGoogle'sownbagoftricks.Lastyear,agroupofeconomistsworkingwitheBay’sinternalresearchlabissuedamassiveexperimentalstudywithasimplestartlingconclusion:Foralarge,well-knownbrand,searchadsareprobablyworthless.2.Thismonth,theirfindingswerere-releasedasaworkingpaperbytheNationalBureauofEconomicResearchandgreetedwitharoundofcoverageaskingwhetherInternetadvertisingofanykindworksatall.

“Weknowalotlessthantheadvertisingindustrywouldlikeustothinkweknow,"StevenTadelis,oneoftheeBaystudy’sco-authors,toldme.

AskGoogle.FacebookorTwitter,ofcourse,andthey’llreliablybustoutthird-partyresearchexplainingthattheiradsworkjustfine,evenifconsumersdon’talwaysclickonthem.Anentireecosystemofanalyticscompanies,includingbignameslikeComScoreandNielsen,hasevolvedtotellclientswhichonlineadvertisementsgivethemthebiggestbangfortheirbucks,Especiallycutting-edgefirms,suchasDialogic.Haveevenfoundwaystodrawcorrelationsbetweentheadsconsumersseeonlineandwhattheybuyinstores.Weareswimmingindata.3.AndthereareplentyofprofessionalsouttherehappytotellcorporateAmericawhatallthatdatameans,withthehelpofsomefancymathematicalmodels.

Theproblem,accordingtoTadelisandothers,isthatmuchofthedatawebsitesgenerateismoreorlessuseless.Someoftheproblemsarepracticallyasoleasmarkingitself.Forinstance,companiesliketorunlargeadcampaignsduringmajorshoppingseasons,likeChristmas.ButifsalesdoublecomeDecember,it’shardtosaywhethertheadortheholidaywasresponsible.Companiesalsounderstandablyliketotargetaudiencestheythinkwilllikewhatthey’reselling.Butthatalwaysleadstothenaggingquestionofwhetherthecustomerwouldhavegoneandpurchasedtheproductregardless.Economistscallthisissue“endogeneity.”DerekThompsonattheAtlanticdubsittheI-was-gonna-buy-it-anywayproblem.”

ButtheInternetalsogunksupattemptsatanalysisinitsownspecialways.Forinstance,ifsomebodysearchesfor“Amazon,bananaslicer,”andclicksonasearchadthatpopsuprightnexttohisresults,chancesarehewouldhavemadeittoAmazon’ssitewithouttheextranudge.EvenifhenevertypedthewordAinzaon,hestillmighthavegottentothesitethroughthenaturalpowerofsearch.4.Intheend,itallcomesdowntotheevergreenchallengeofdistinguishingcorrelation(e.gaFaccebookusersawanadandthenboughtsomeshoes)fromcausation(e.g.,aFacebookuserboughtsomeshoesbecausehesawanad).

Thereis,however,awaytogetaroundthesehurdles.Runanalyticscompaniesdon’tdothat,relyinginsteadonelaboratestatisticalregressionsthattrytoflaweddata.Butit’stherouteTapeless—nowabusinessprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley—andhiscollaboratorstookwitheBay.5.Intheirfirsttest,theresearcherslookedatwhatwouldhappenifthecompanystoppedbuyingadsnexttoitsownname,whichseemedlikethemostobviouswasteofmoney.Todoso,theypulledtheadsfromYahooandMSNbutleftthemrunningonGoogle.Itturnedout,theadvertisingmadevirtuallynodifference.YeteBaywasspendingdollarseverytimeacustomerclickedanadinsteadofthelinksittingrightbelowit.

【答案】1.營銷人員通常幾乎不可能告訴他們哪些廣告有效，哪些沒有。而且他們知道得越少，像CBS這樣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)可能會在30秒內(nèi)索要越多的費用。

2.本月，研究調(diào)查結(jié)果由國家經(jīng)濟研究局作為工作文件而重新發(fā)布，并引發(fā)了一輪關(guān)于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)廣告是否有效的討論。

3.有很多專業(yè)人士樂于借助一些奇特的數(shù)學模型，告訴美國企業(yè)所有數(shù)據(jù)的含義。

4.最后，這一切都歸結(jié)于一個長久的挑戰(zhàn)：區(qū)分相關(guān)性（比如，一個臉書用戶看了一個廣告，然后買了雙鞋）與因果關(guān)系（比如，一個臉書用戶買了一雙鞋，是因為看到了一個廣告）。

5.在第一次測試中，研究人員研究了如果該公司停止以自己的名義購買廣告將會發(fā)生什么，這似乎明顯浪費了錢。

11.單選題

Greatandsignificantmusiccan,however,bewrittenonthemesthatare,inthemselves,（）.

問題1選項

A.quitelovely

B.verymagnificent

C.intriguing

D.trivial

【答案】B

【解析】magnificent壯麗的,宏偉的；intriguing有趣的,迷人的；trivial瑣碎的。句意：然而,偉大而有意義的音樂可以寫在本身就非常宏偉的主題上。選項B符合語境。

12.單選題

Theproblemwith（）biologicalinventions—unlike,say,gunsandexplosives—isthatoncereleased,theycanbreedbythemselves.

問題1選項

A.vicious

B.ferocious

C.malicious

D.malevolent

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項vicious“惡毒的，惡意的”，強調(diào)的是“狂暴的；殘酷的”；B選項ferocious“殘忍的，驚人的”，強調(diào)的是“暴力的”；C選項malicious“蓄意的，懷恨的”，強調(diào)的是懷有惡意的；D選項malevolent“惡毒的，壞心腸的”，強調(diào)的是“人的心腸壞”。句意：與槍支和爆炸物等不同，惡毒生物的發(fā)明，其問題在于，一旦被釋放，它們可以自行繁殖。這里是指懷有惡意的生物學上的發(fā)明，所以選項C更符合語境。

13.填空題

Therearesignsthatspecialistsonthefamilyarebecomingmoreawareofthepartmenplayandthattheyhavedecidedthatwomenshouldnotreceiveallthecredit—andalltheblame.Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman’s

A

B

C

D

placeisinthehome.

【答案】Candalltheblame改為noralltheblame

【解析】【考查點】句間邏輯。

【解題思路】前面說到意識到男性的作用，可知后面表達的意思是不要把女性的作用放得那么大，也就是不要把功過都歸結(jié)于女性，notreceiveallthecredit對應(yīng)的應(yīng)該是noralltheblame。

【句意】有跡象表明，家庭專家越來越意識到男性所起的作用，他們認為不應(yīng)該把所有的功勞都歸于女性，也不應(yīng)該把所有的過錯都歸女性。我們幾乎放棄了“女性應(yīng)該呆在家里”的說法。

14.單選題

Theteacherwantedtomakethestudentsrealizethatreadinggoodliteratureisagoodwaytobroadentheir（）.

問題1選項

A.vision

B.horizon

C.scope

D.expansion

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。vision“幻覺”;horizon“眼界，地平線”;scope“范圍”;expansion“擴充”。句意：這位老師想讓學生們意識到讀一些好的文學作品是開闊視野的一個好的方法。選項B符合題意。

15.單選題

Assimilatingthereportincomputingrequiresmuchtime,forI’mnotspecializedinthisfield.

問題1選項

A.Digesting

B.Incorporating

C.Imitating

D.Compiling

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項Digesting“消化”；B選項Incorpor