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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南通職業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

許多人覺得跟計算機(jī)打交道比跟人打交道更自在。計算機(jī)更有耐心,不會對操作的人評頭論足。許多學(xué)生向教師請教的時候,總會感到緊張,他們樂于向計算機(jī)提問。有些病人更愿意向計算機(jī)而不是向醫(yī)生說明自己的病情,甚至出現(xiàn)了能夠解決心理問題的計算機(jī)程序,因為許多人覺得與別人討論自己的心理問題不太自在。

【答案】答:

Manypeoplefeelthatit’smorecomfortabletodealwithcomputersthanwithpeople.Theywillnotfeeljudgedbecausethecomputerismorepatient.Manystudentsfeelnervouswhentheyaskteachersforadvice,sotheyaremorewillingtoturntocomputers.Somepatientsprefertoexplaintheirillnesstoacomputerratherthanadoctor.Asaresult,thereareevencomputerprogramsthatcandealwithpsychologicalproblems,becausemanyfeeluncomfortablediscussingtheirpsychologicalproblemswithothers.

2.單選題

Ⅲ.ConstitutionalandAdministrativeLaw

RobertPostnotesthatthreeinterestshavetraditionallybeenadvancedtojustifycampaignfinancereform:equality,anti-distortion,andtheeliminationofcorruption.Eachofthesethreeinterestsisfundamentalwithinasystemofrepresentativegovernment.Eachconstituentisentitledtoequalinfluenceintheselectionofherrepresentative;electionresultsshouldtransparentlyrepresent,withoutdistortion,theviewsofthepeople;andelectedrepresentativesshouldperformtheirappropriateroles,withoutcorruption.

Noneofthesethreeinterests,however,makessensewithinthediscursivedemocracyestablishedandprotectedbyFirstAmendmentrights.Indiscursivedemocracy,asdistinctfromdirectdemocracy,publicopinionisalwaysevolving;itdoesnotmakedecisionswithrespecttowhichcitizenscanexerciseanequalinfluence.Indiscursivedemocracy,publicopinionisneverrepresented,sothatthereisnobaselinefromwhichdistortionscanbemeasured.Andthestate’sinterestinpreservingtherolemoralityofrepresentativesfromcorruptioncanatmostcountasaconstitutionalinteresttobeweighedagainstFirstAmendmentinterestsinpreservingtheintegrityofself-governmentthroughdiscursivedemocracy.ItisnowonderthattheconstitutionaljurisprudenceofcampaignfinancereformhasbeenamuddlesincethedaysofBuckleyv.Valeo.

CitizensUnitedconcludesthatneitherequality,nordistortion,noreliminatingcorruption,cancountasconstitutionallycompellinginterestscapableofjustifyinglegislationprohibitingcorporationsfrommakingindependentcampaignexpendituresdirectlyfromtheircorporatetreasuries.Butinleapingtothisconclusion,CitizensUnitedfailstoengageinasufficientlydeepanalysisofrelevantFirstAmendmentrights.FirstAmendmentrightsprotectfreedomofspeechinordertopreservethepossibilityofself-government.TheFirstAmendmentassumesthatpersonsshouldbefreetoinfluencethecontentofpublicopinionandthatthegovernmentwillberesponsivetopublicopinion.Weassumethatelectionswillensurethatgovernmentisresponsivetopublicopinion.Ifelectionsdonotselectforrepresentativeswhoareattentivetopublicopinion,however,thelinkbetweenFirstAmendmentrightsandthevalueofself-governmentwilldisappear.Ifwedenominatethecapacityofelectionstoselectrepresentativeswhoareresponsivetopublicopinionaselectoralintegrity,legislationaimingtopreserveelectoralintegrityservesacompellingconstitutionalinterestforpurposesofFirstAmendmentanalysis.CitizensUnitedfailedtoaskwhetherthecampaignfinancelegislationitwasconsideringservedthepurposeofmaintainingelectoralintegrity.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaninteresttojustifycampaignfinancereform,accordingtoRobotPost?

2.Whatisthemajordifferencebetweendiscursivedemocracyanddirectdemocracy?

3.WhatcausesthelinkbetweenFirstAmendmentrightsandthevalueofself-governmenttodisappear?

4.WhatwasthemajorfailureofCitizensUnitedaccordingtotheauthor?

問題1選項

A.Eachpersonhasanequalopportunitytoberepresented.

B.Theelectionresultshouldbepublished.

C.People’sviewshouldbepresentedwithoutalteration.

D.Theelectedrepresentativesshouldperformtheirroleswith“cleanhands”.

問題2選項

A.Peopledonotvotedirectly.

B.Itdoesnotmatterwhetherarepresentativecorrupts.

C.Thereisnobenchmarktomeasurewhetherpublicopinionisdistorted.

D.TheFirstAmendmentinterestsaremoreimportant.

問題3選項

A.Whenelectionsdonotselectforrepresentativeswhoareattentivetopublicopinion.

B.Agovernmentisresponsivetopublicopinion.

C.Legislationprohibitscorporationsfrommakingindependentcampaignexpendituresdirectlyfromtheircorporatetreasuries.

D.Whenpersonsarefreetoinfluencethecontentofpublicopinion.

問題4選項

A.Itsconclusionthatnoneofthethreeinterestsjustifiesthelegislationprohibitingcorporationsfrommakingindependentcampaignexpenditures.

B.ItmadenoanalysisofrelevantFirstAmendmentrights.

C.Itdidnotaskwhetherthecampaignfinancelegislationwascorrect.

D.Itjumpedtoitsconclusionwithoutanalyzingthelegislativepurpose.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Eachconstituentisentitledtoequalinfluenceintheselectionofherrepresentative;electionresultsshouldtransparentlyrepresent,withoutdistortion,theviewsofthepeople;andelectedrepresentativesshouldperformtheirappropriateroles,withoutcorruption.(每一位選民有權(quán)在選舉其代表方面具有同等的影響力;選舉結(jié)果應(yīng)透明、不扭曲人民的意見;選舉產(chǎn)生的代表應(yīng)該發(fā)揮適當(dāng)?shù)淖饔?,不能有腐?。┛芍狝選項“每個人都有平等的機(jī)會被代表”,B選項“選舉結(jié)果應(yīng)該公布”,C選項“人們的觀點應(yīng)該不加改變地提出”原文都有提及;D選項“當(dāng)選的代表應(yīng)該以‘清白的雙手’履行他們的職責(zé)”原文未涉及。因此D選項符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。定位到原文第二段Indiscursivedemocracy,asdistinctfromdirectdemocracy,publicopinionisalwaysevolving;itdoesnotmakedecisionswithrespecttowhichcitizenscanexerciseanequalinfluence.(在話語民主中,與直接民主不同,輿論總是在演變;它沒有做出公民可以對其施加平等影響的決定)以及對比第一段Eachconstituentisentitledtoequalinfluenceintheselectionofherrepresentative;electionresultsshouldtransparentlyrepresent,withoutdistortion,theviewsofthepeople;andelectedrepresentativesshouldperformtheirappropriateroles,withoutcorruption.(每一位選民有權(quán)在選舉其代表方面具有同等的影響力;選舉結(jié)果應(yīng)透明、不扭曲人民的意見;選舉產(chǎn)生的代表應(yīng)該發(fā)揮適當(dāng)?shù)淖饔?,不能有腐敗)可知公民可以對其施加平等影響意味著公民能夠直接投票,以及這兩者之間的區(qū)別在于是否直接投票,選A選項“人們不直接投票”;根據(jù)第二段Indiscursivedemocracy,publicopinionisneverrepresented,sothatthereisnobaselinefromwhichdistortionscanbemeasured.(在話語民主中,公眾輿論從來沒有代表性,因此沒有衡量扭曲的基準(zhǔn))可知先是公眾輿論從來沒有代表性,導(dǎo)致沒有衡量扭曲的基準(zhǔn),公眾輿論從來沒有代表性是主要原因,C選項“沒有基準(zhǔn)來衡量民意是否被扭曲”邏輯關(guān)系錯誤;根據(jù)原文Andthestate’sinterestinpreservingtherolemoralityofrepresentativesfromcorruptioncanatmostcountasaconstitutionalinteresttobeweighedagainstFirstAmendmentinterestsinpreservingtheintegrityofself-governmentthroughdiscursivedemocracy.(而國家保護(hù)代表角色道德不受腐敗侵害的利益最多可以算作憲法利益,與第一修正案通過話語民主保護(hù)自治完整性的利益相權(quán)衡)可知B選項“代表是否腐敗并不重要”,C選項“第一修正案的利益更重要”和原文相悖。因此A選項正確。

3.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段Ifelectionsdonotselectforrepresentativeswhoareattentivetopublicopinion,however,thelinkbetweenFirstAmendmentrightsandthevalueofself-governmentwilldisappear.(然而,如果選舉不選出關(guān)注公眾意見的代表,那么第一修正案的權(quán)利和自治價值之間的聯(lián)系就會消失)可知選A選項“當(dāng)選舉不選擇關(guān)注公眾意見的代表時”;根據(jù)最后一段TheFirstAmendmentassumesthatpersonsshouldbefreetoinfluencethecontentofpublicopinionandthatthegovernmentwillberesponsivetopublicopinion.Weassumethatelectionswillensurethatgovernmentisresponsivetopublicopinion.(《第一修正案》假定,個人應(yīng)自由影響公眾輿論的內(nèi)容,政府將對公眾輿論做出反應(yīng)。我們認(rèn)為,選舉將確保政府對公眾輿論做出反應(yīng)。)可知B選項“政府對公眾輿論做出反應(yīng)”和D選項“當(dāng)人們可以自由地影響公眾輿論的內(nèi)容時”能確?!兜谝恍拚浮窓?quán)利和自治價值之間的聯(lián)系;定位到最后一段開頭CitizensUnitedconcludesthatneitherequality,nordistortion,noreliminatingcorruption,cancountasconstitutionallycompellinginterestscapableofjustifyinglegislationprohibitingcorporationsfrommakingindependentcampaignexpendituresdirectlyfromtheircorporatetreasuries.(“聯(lián)合公民”得出的結(jié)論是,無論是平等、扭曲還是消除腐敗,都不能被視為具有憲法強(qiáng)制性的利益,足以證明立法禁止公司從其公司財務(wù)中直接進(jìn)行獨立競選支出是正當(dāng)?shù)模┛芍狢選項“立法禁止公司直接從他們的公司財務(wù)中進(jìn)行獨立的競選支出”不符合題意。因此A選項正確。

4.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段Butinleapingtothisconclusion,CitizensUnitedfailstoengageinasufficientlydeepanalysisofrelevantFirstAmendmentrights.(但是,“聯(lián)合公民”在得出這一結(jié)論時,未能對《第一修正案》的相關(guān)權(quán)利進(jìn)行足夠深入的分析)可知選B選項“它沒有分析相關(guān)的第一修正案權(quán)利”,同時可知D選項“它沒有分析立法目的就妄下結(jié)論”過度推斷,干擾項;根據(jù)最后一段最后一句CitizensUnitedfailedtoaskwhetherthecampaignfinancelegislationitwasconsideringservedthepurposeofmaintainingelectoralintegrity.(“聯(lián)合公民”沒有詢問它正在考慮的競選資金立法是否有助于維持選舉的完整性)可知C選項“它沒有問競選財務(wù)法案是否正確”錯誤,是否正確和是否有助于維持選舉的完整性是有區(qū)別的;CitizensUnitedconcludesthatneitherequality,nordistortion,noreliminatingcorruption,cancountasconstitutionallycompellinginterestscapableofjustifyinglegislationprohibitingcorporationsfrommakingindependentcampaignexpendituresdirectlyfromtheircorporatetreasuries.(“聯(lián)合公民”得出的結(jié)論是,無論是平等、扭曲還是消除腐敗,都不能被視為具有憲法強(qiáng)制性的利益,足以證明立法禁止公司從其公司財務(wù)中直接進(jìn)行獨立競選支出是正當(dāng)?shù)模┛芍狝選項“它的結(jié)論是,這三種利益中沒有一種能證明禁止公司進(jìn)行獨立競選支出的立法是正當(dāng)?shù)摹焙驮南嚆!R虼薆選項正確。

3.單選題

2009wastheworstyearfortherecordlabelsinadecade.(1)was2008,andbeforethat2007and2006.Infact,industryrevenueshavebeen(2)forthepast10years.Digitalsalesaregrowing,butnotasfastastraditionalsalesarefalling.

Maybethat’sbecauseillegaldownloadsaresoeasy.Peoplehavebeen(3)intellectualpropertyforcenturies,butitusedtobeatime-consumingwaytogeneratemarkedly(4)copies.Thesedays,high-qualitycopiesare(5

).AccordingtothePewInternetproject,peopleusefile-sharingsoftwaremoreoftenthantheydoiTunesandotherlegalshops.

I’dliketobelieve,asmanyofmyfriendsseemto,thatthispracticewon’tdomuchharm.ButevenasI’veheardoverthepastdecadethatthingsweren’t(6)bad,thatthemusicindustrywasmovingtoanew,betterbusinessmodel,eachyear’snumbershavebeenworse.Maybeit’stimetoadmitthatwemayneverfindawayto(7)consumerswhowantfreeentertainmentwithcreatorswhowanttogetpaid.

(8)8onthisproblem,thecomputationalneuroscientistAndersSandbergrecentlynotedthatalthoughwehavestronginstinctivefeelingsaboutownership,intellectualpropertydoesn’talways(9)thatframework.Theharmdonebyindividualactsofpiracyistoosmallandtooabstract.“Thenatureofintellectualproperty,”hewrote,“makesithardtomaintainthesocialandempathic(10)thatkeep(s)usfromtakingeachother’sthings.”

問題1選項

A.As

B.Same

C.Thus

D.So

問題2選項

A.stagnating

B.declining

C.increasing

D.stultifying

問題3選項

A.taking

B.robbing

C.stealing

D.pirating

問題4選項

A.upgraded

B.inferior

C.ineffective

D.preferable

問題5選項

A.numerous

B.ubiquitous

C.accessible

D.effortless

問題6選項

A.so

B.this

C.that

D.much

問題7選項

A.satisfy

B.help

C.reconcile

D.equate

問題8選項

A.Based

B.Capitalizing

C.Reflecting

D.Drawing

問題9選項

A.matchupwith

B.fillin

C.fitinto

D.setup

問題10選項

A.constraints

B.consciousness

C.norm

D.etiquette

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:C

第8題:C

第9題:C

第10題:A

【解析】(1)考查固定用法。前一句說到,2009年是唱片公司十年來最糟糕的一年。綜合選項和句意,本句表示,2008,2007和2006年也一樣。四個選項中只有so的用法符合要求,“so+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“也一樣”。因此D選項符合題意。

(2)考查動詞辨析。stagnate“使淤塞;停滯”;decline“下降;衰退”;increase“增加;增長”;stultify“使變無效、無價值”。根據(jù)前文的“theworstyear”可知本句依然表示消極意義,也就是industryrevenues依然在下降。因此B選項符合題意。

(3)考查動詞辨析。前一句中提到“illegaldownloadsstagnate”,說明本句的動作是屬于違法行為,對于音樂不存在搶劫和偷盜行為,只有pirate“盜用;剽竊”符合語義。因此D選項符合題意。

(4)考查形容詞辨析。upgraded“提升的,改善的”;inferior“差的,下級的”;ineffective“無效的;不起作用的”;preferable“更好的”。前面部分提到幾個世紀(jì)以來,一直有人在盜用知識產(chǎn)權(quán),也就是在生產(chǎn)復(fù)制品,而盜版做出的復(fù)制品肯定會有質(zhì)量問題,因此空格處應(yīng)填“劣質(zhì)的(復(fù)制品)”。因此B選項符合題意。

(5)考查形容詞辨析。numerous“許多的”;ubiquitous“普遍存在的”;accessible“易接近的”;effortless“容易的,不費(fèi)力氣的”。文中提到,以前的盜版產(chǎn)品很耗時間,與現(xiàn)在形成對比,現(xiàn)在是輕而易舉的事情。因此D選項符合題意。

(6)考查詞語辨析。本句句意:正如我過去十年里聽說的那樣,情況并沒有那么糟糕。糟糕的情況是指上文提到的,所以用that代替。so只能指代剛剛提及的事物(同一句或接近語句)。因此C選項符合題意。

(7)考查固定搭配。本句句意:也許是時候承認(rèn),我們可能永遠(yuǎn)無法找到一種方式,……想要享受免費(fèi)娛樂的消費(fèi)者與那些想要獲得報酬的創(chuàng)作者。句中的whowantfreeentertainment是consumer的定語從句,因此句中存在…sb.withsb.的結(jié)構(gòu),而選項中只有reconcile有這個用法,表示“使……與……協(xié)調(diào)”。因此C選項符合題意。

(8)考查動詞辨析。basedon“基于”;capitalizingon“有效利用”;reflectingon“反思”;drawingon“借鑒,借助于”。句意:最近,計算機(jī)神經(jīng)科學(xué)家AndersSandberg……了這個問題。對于問題,與之搭配的自然是反思。因此C選項符合題意。

(9)考查詞組辨析。matchupwith“和……相配”;fillin“填充”;fitinto“適合;與……融為一體”;setup“建立”。本句中提到,雖然我們對所有權(quán)有強(qiáng)烈的本能感覺,但知識產(chǎn)權(quán)并不總是……那框架。這里選用表示輪廓合適的“fitinto”更合適。因此C選項符合題意。

(10)考查名詞辨析。constraint“約束,局促”;consciousness“意識”;norm“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”;etiquette“禮節(jié),規(guī)矩”。空格后的定語從句用來修飾空格中次,從句中的動詞keep…from…就等同于詞義,因此A選項符合題意。

4.單選題

BlackandLatinoboyscommitplentyofviolenceinschool,ofcourse,butthey’remorelikelytoassaultanindividualwhomtheyknow.

問題1選項

A.intrude

B.violate

C.attack

D.battle

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.intrude闖入,侵入B.violate違犯,違背(法律、協(xié)議等)

C.attack襲擊,攻擊D.battle搏斗,奮斗,斗爭

【答案】C

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】assault的意思為“襲擊,侵犯人身”,指的是黑人和拉丁裔男孩有可能攻擊他們認(rèn)識的人,attack與之詞義相近,因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】當(dāng)然,黑人和拉丁裔男孩在學(xué)校犯下了很多暴力行為,但他們更有可能攻擊他們認(rèn)識的人。

5.單選題

Fourweeksafterthesuicidebombing,thepolicewerestillhuntingforbombersfortheybelievemorewere().

問題1選項

A.ontheverge

B.onthespot

C.ontheloose

D.onthesly

【答案】D

【解析】介詞短語辨析。ontheverge“瀕臨,在…的邊緣”;onthespot“當(dāng)場,在危險中”;ontheloose“散漫,放蕩”;onthesly“偷偷地,秘密地”。句意:自殺式爆炸事件發(fā)生四周后,警方仍在搜捕爆炸犯罪分子,因為他們相信還有更多的爆炸分子躲在暗處。選項D符合句意。

6.單選題

Ourfamilydoctor'sclinic()atthejunctionoftwobusyroads.

問題1選項

A.rests

B.stands

C.stays

D.seats

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我們家庭醫(yī)生的診所位于兩條繁忙馬路的交叉口。

考查動詞辨析。rest休息,放松,(被)支撐;stand站立,位于,停滯;stay停留,堅持,暫住,停下;seat使坐下。故B符合句意。

7.翻譯題

蚯蚓是一種有益的動物,在地面上它是其他動物的食物。在地下,它為田野和花園制造肥沃的土壤。蚯蚓能挖洞,而洞穴能使土壤疏松,因而使空氣和水更容易地到達(dá)植物的根部。這些孔道還有利于土壤的排水。蚯蚓把枯萎的樹葉,草和花瓣拖進(jìn)洞穴中。當(dāng)這些植物垃圾腐爛以后,就使土壤更加肥沃。蚯蚓在制造優(yōu)良的土壤方面所起的作用是其他任何動物所比不上的。據(jù)有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計,五萬條蚯蚓一年內(nèi)能在一英畝的土地上制造大約十八噸優(yōu)良的土壤。

【答案】Theearthwormisakindofbeneficialworm.Itisthefoodoftheanimalsontheground.Underground,itfertilizesthesoiloffieldandgarden.Earthwormsdigburrowswhichloosenthesoilsoastoairandwatercanmoreeasilyreachtherootsofplants.Theburrowalsofacilitatesoildrainage.Earthwormsdragdeadleaves,grassandpetalsintotheirburrowsandthedecayofthosethingsfertilizethesoil.Itcontributemoreexcellentsurfacesoilthananyanimals.Accordingtorelevantstatistics,withinoneyear,fiftythousandearthwormscanproduceabouteighteentonsoffinesoilononeacreofland.

8.單選題

Thisissuchaformidablelistthatwemightbetemptedtoassumethatresearchandhighereducationmustatleastbespeciesofthesamegenusofactivity,evenifnotactually(

).

問題1選項

A.ideological

B.identical

C.practical

D.methodical

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容詞辨析。ideological“意識形態(tài)的”;identical“相同的”;practical“實際的”;methodical“有條不紊的”。句意:這一清單令人心生敬畏,以至于有可能讓我們覺得研究和高等教育必須至少屬于同一類型的活動,即使他們并非真的完全相同。選項B符合句意。

9.單選題

ParadiseLostisMilton’smasterpiece.ItsstoryistakenfromtheBible,about“thefallofman",thatis,howAdamandEvearetemptedbySatantodisobeyGodbyeatingtheforbiddenfruitfromtheTreeofKnowledge,andhowtheyarepunishedbyGodanddrivenoutofParadise.InMilton’swords,thepurposeofwritingtheepicisto“justifythewaysofGodtomen”,butapparently,Miltonisutteringhisintensehatredofcruelnessoftherulerinthepoem.BydepictingSatanandhisfollowersaswellastheirfieryutteranceandbraveactions,MiltonisshowingaPuritan’srevoltagainstthedictatorandagainsttheestablishedCatholicsandtheAnglicanChurch.

InthepoemGodisnobetterthanacruelandselfishruler,seatedonathronewithagroupofangelsabouthimsingingsongstopraisehim.Hislongspeechesarenotpleasingatall.HeiscruelandunjustinpunishingSatan.Hisangelsarestupid.ButSatanisbyfarthemoststrikingcharacterinthepoem,whorisesagainstGodand,thoughdefeated,stillpersistsinhisfighting.

ThestoryofAdamandEveshowsMilton’sbeliefinthepowerofman.Goddeniesthemachancetopursueforknowledge.Itisthislongingforknowledgethatopensbeforemankindawideroadtointelligentandactivelife.IthasbeennotedbymanycriticsthatMilton’srevolutionaryfeelingmakeshimforgetreligiousdoctrines.TheangelswhosurroundGodneverthinkofexpressinganyopinionsoftheirown,andtheyneverseemtohaveanyopinionsoftheirown.TheimageofGodsurroundedbysuchangelsresemblesthecourtofanabsolutemonarch.ButSatanandhisfollowers,whofreelydiscussallissuesincouncil,remindusofaRepublicParliament.

1.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom().

2.Inthepoem,Satanisdescribedas().

3.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeinferredfromthispassage?

4.Accordingtothispassage,themainpurposeofParadiseLostisto().

問題1選項

A.areviewofMilton’sParadiseLost

B.anintroductiontoMilton’sParadiseLost

C.adepictionofthecruelnessoftheBritishruler

D.anintroductiontoEnglishliterature

問題2選項

A.anevilperson

B.arebellioushero

C.selfishandcrueldevil

D.astupiddevil

問題3選項

A.GodactsasthedictatoroftheKingdom.

B.SatanandhisfollowersactasmembersofParliament.

C.TheangelsaredepictedasfollowersoftheKing.

D.AdamandEvearethepeopletobeenlightened.

問題4選項

A.praiseGodforthecreationoftheworld

B.changepeople’sunfavorableimpressionofSatan

C.expresshissupportforthefightofSatan

D.criticizethecruelnessoftheBritishruler

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom______.1.這篇文章很可能摘自______。

A.areviewofMilton’sParadiseLostA.彌爾頓的《失樂園》的書評

B.anintroductiontoMilton’sParadiseLostB.彌爾頓《失樂園》的序言

C.adepictionofthecruelnessoftheBritishrulerC.對殘忍的英國統(tǒng)治者的描繪

D.anintroductiontoEnglishliteratureD.英國文學(xué)概論

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知,本文僅用只言片語簡單介紹了《失樂園》的內(nèi)容,更多的是講述彌爾頓的寫作目的以及反映出來的思想感情。由此可以推測,這篇文章很有可能節(jié)選自彌爾頓《失樂園》的書評,所以A項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B項“彌爾頓《失樂園》的序言”根據(jù)解題思路可知,這篇文章對《失樂園》內(nèi)容的描述很少,所以不可能是序言,該項曲解原文;

C項“對殘忍的英國統(tǒng)治者的描繪”,文中沒有描述殘忍的英國統(tǒng)治者,該項屬于無中生有;

D項“英國文學(xué)概論”包含范圍太廣,曲解原文。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.Inthepoem,Satanisdescribedas______.2.在詩中,撒旦被描述為______。

A.anevilpersonA.一個邪惡的人

B.arebelliousheroB.一個具有反抗精神的英雄

C.selfishandcrueldevilC.自私殘忍的魔鬼

D.astupiddevilD.一個愚蠢的魔鬼

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“撒旦是迄今為止這首詩中最引人注目的人物,他奮起反抗上帝,雖然被打敗了,但仍然堅持戰(zhàn)斗”,上文提到上帝不過是一個殘忍自私的統(tǒng)治者,所以可以推斷撒旦是一個具有反抗精神的英雄,B項正確。

【干擾項排除】A項“一個邪惡的人”、C項“自私殘忍的魔鬼”和D項“一個愚蠢的魔鬼”根據(jù)解題思路可知,這三項屬于曲解原文。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeinferredfromthispassage?3.下面哪個選項不能從這篇文章中推斷出來?

A.GodactsasthedictatoroftheKingdom.A.上帝是這個王國的獨裁者。

B.SatanandhisfollowersactasmembersofParliament.B.撒旦和他的追隨者充當(dāng)國會議員。

C.TheangelsaredepictedasfollowersoftheKing.C.天使被描繪成國王的追隨者。

D.AdamandEvearethepeopletobeenlightened.D.亞當(dāng)和夏娃是應(yīng)該被啟蒙的人。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“撒旦和他的追隨者們,在議會中自由地討論所有問題,讓我們想起共和議會”可知,這里只是一個比喻的用法,將撒旦和他的追隨者們比喻成國會議員,但他們在這首詩中并不是真正的國會議員,所以選項B不符合原文,但符合題意。故該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“上帝是這個王國的獨裁者”,根據(jù)文章第二段可知,上帝是一個殘忍自私的統(tǒng)治者,該項符合原文,屬于反向干擾;

C項“天使被描繪成國王的追隨者”,根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“上帝不過是一個殘忍自私的統(tǒng)治者,坐在寶座上,周圍有一群天使唱歌贊美他”可知,該項符合原文,屬于反向干擾;

D項“亞當(dāng)和夏娃是應(yīng)該被啟蒙的人”,根據(jù)第三段前幾句“亞當(dāng)和夏娃的故事表明彌爾頓相信人的力量。上帝不給他們追求知識的機(jī)會。正是這種對知識的渴望為人類開辟了一條通往智慧和積極生活的寬闊道路。”可知,像亞當(dāng)和夏娃一樣的人類,應(yīng)該有追求知識的機(jī)會,該項符合原文,屬于反向干擾。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.Accordingtothispassage,themainpurposeofParadiseLostisto______.4.根據(jù)這篇文章,《失樂園》的主要目的是為了______。

A.praiseGodforthecreationoftheworldA.贊美上帝創(chuàng)造了世界

B.changepeople’sunfavorableimpressionofSatanB.改變?nèi)藗儗θ龅┑牟涣加∠?/p>

C.expresshissupportforthefightofSatanC.表達(dá)對與撒旦戰(zhàn)斗的支持

D.criticizethecruelnessoftheBritishrulerD.批評英國統(tǒng)治者的殘酷

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“用彌爾頓的話來說,寫史詩的目的是‘證明上帝對人類的方式是正當(dāng)?shù)摹?,但顯然,彌爾頓在詩中表達(dá)了他對統(tǒng)治者殘酷的強(qiáng)烈仇恨”,從中可知,彌爾頓在詩中表達(dá)了他對統(tǒng)治者殘忍行為的強(qiáng)烈憎恨。所以可以推斷,《失樂園》的主要目的是批判英國統(tǒng)治者的殘酷無情。選項D符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A項“贊美上帝創(chuàng)造了世界”,原文中描述的是一個殘暴自私的上帝,所以該項不符合原文,屬于反向干擾;

B項“改變?nèi)藗儗θ龅┑牟涣加∠蟆焙虲項“表達(dá)對與撒旦戰(zhàn)斗的支持”在文章中雖然有依據(jù),但是并不是文章的主要目的,屬于本末倒置。

10.單選題

Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours'sleepalternationwithsome16-17hours'wakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.

Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Theease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnight,isaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormallytakesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoreversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8amoneweek,8a.mto4p.mthenext,o12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.

Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidence(發(fā)生率)ofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.

Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy,butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightworkthepatternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection.Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.

1.Whyisthequestionof“howeasilypeoplecangetusedtoworkingatnight”notamereacademicquestion?

2.Themainproblemoftheround-the-clockworkingsystemliesin(

).

3.Thebestsolutionforimplementingthe24-hourworkingsystemseemstobe

).

4.Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutinebymeasuringhisbodytemperaturebecause

).

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

問題1選項

A.Becausefewpeopleliketoreversethecycleofsleepandwakefulness.

B.Becausesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.

C.Becausepeoplearerequiredtoworkatnightinsomefieldsofindustry.

D.Becauseshiftworkinindustryrequirespeopletochangetheirsleepinghabits.

問題2選項

A.theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroduction

B.thedisturbanceofthedailylifecycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoofrequently

C.thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffective

D.thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers

問題3選項

A.tochangeshiftsatlongerintervals

B.tohavelongershifts

C.toarrangeforsomepeopletoworkonnightshiftsonly

D.tocreatebetterlivingconditionsfornightworkers

問題4選項

A.peoplehavehighertemperatureswhentheyareworkingefficiently

B.bodytemperaturechangeswhenhechangestonightshiftorback

C.thetemperaturereverseswhentheroutineischanged

D.bodytemperaturechangeswiththecycleofsleepandwakefulness

問題5選項

A.Bodytemperaturemayserveasanindicationofaworker’sperformance.

B.Theselectionofanumberofpermanentnightshiftworkershasprovedtobethebestsolutiontoproblemsoftheround-the-clockworkingsystem.

C.Takingbodytemperatureatregularintervalscanshowhowapersonadaptstothechangesofroutine.

D.Disturbedsleepoccurslessfrequentlyamongthoseonpermanentnightordayshifts.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中Theease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnight,isaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.(例如,人們可以輕松地從白天工作到晚上工作,這是一個在自動化工業(yè)中越來越重要的問題,在這個行業(yè)中,要求機(jī)器全天候運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn))可知選C。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.moneweek,8a.mto4p.mthenext,and4p.mto12midnightthethirdandsoon.(不幸的是,在工業(yè)中,每周都會發(fā)生變化;一個人每周可以從午夜12點工作到每周8點,第二天晚上8點到下午4點,下午4點到12點,以此類推)可知選B。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.(唯一真正的解決辦法似乎是把輪班交付給一些長期的夜間工人)可知選C。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;particularlyintermsofperformance.(知道一個人何時適應(yīng)的方法是測量他的體溫。從事正常日間工作的人在清醒的時候會有較高的溫度,晚上則會有較低的溫度;特別是在工作表現(xiàn)方面)可知選A。

第5題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.(唯一真正的解決辦法似乎是把輪班交付給一些長期的夜間工人)和最后一段中Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.(然而,到目前為止,這種選擇形式似乎還沒有在實踐中得到應(yīng)用)可知選B。

11.單選題

Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallautoswillbeabandonedandallowedtorust.Otherauthorities,however,thinktheautoisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecarwillremainaleadingmeansofurbantravelintheforeseeablefuture.

Themotorcarwillundoubtedlychangesignificantlyoverthenext30years.Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution-freethanpresenttypes.

Regardlessofitspowersource,theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion(擁擠).Oneproposedsolutiontothisproblemistheautomatedhighwaysystem.

Whentheautoentersthehighwaysystem,aretractable(可伸縮的)armwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically.Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.Thecomputerwillthenmonitorallofthecar’smovements.

Thedriverwilluseatelephonetodialinstructionsabouthisdestinationintothesystem.Thecomputerwillcalculatethebestroute,andreservespaceforthecarallthewaytothecorrectexitfromthehighway.Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwa

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