考研考博-英語-廈門興才職業(yè)技術學院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廈門興才職業(yè)技術學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Whenonehasgoodhealth,（

）shouldfeelfortunate.

問題1選項

A.you

B.they

C.he

D.we

【答案】C

【解析】考察人稱代詞的用法。句意：當一個人擁有健康時，他應該感到幸運。選項C符合題意。

2.單選題

Eachofthemhadadifferent（）ofwhatactuallyhappened,butherswasfarmorebelievable.

問題1選項

A.message

B.theory

C.version

D.comment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項message“消息”；B選項theory“理論，原理”；C選項version“版本，說法”；D選項comment“評論，意見”。句意：每個人對實際發(fā)生的事情都有不同的說法，但她的說法更可信。選項C符合語境。

3.單選題

Sportingactivitiesareessentiallymodifiedformsofhuntingbehavior.Viewedbiologically,themodernfootballeris（1）asamemberofadisguisedhuntingpack.Hiskillingweaponhasturnedintoaharmlessfootballandhispreyintoagoal-mouth.Ifhisaimis（2）andhescoresagoal,heenjoysthehunter’striumphofkillinghisprey.

Tounderstandhowthis（3）hastakenplacewemustbrieflylook（4）ourancientancestors.Theyspentoveramillionyearsevolvingasco-operativehunters.Theirvery（5）dependedonsuccessinthehunting-field.Underthispressuretheirwholewayoflife,eventheirbodies,became（6）changed.Theybecamechasers,runners,jumpers,aimers,throwers（7）prey-killers.Theyco-operateasskillfulmale-groupattackers.

Then,abouttenthousandyearsago,afterthis（8）longformativeperiodofhuntingforfood,theybecamefarmers.Theirimprovedintelligence,sovitaltotheiroldhuntinglife,（9）puttoanewuse—thatofpenning,controllinganddomesticatingtheirprey.Thefoodwasthereonthefarms,awaitingtheirneeds.Therisksanduncertaintiesof（10）werenolongeressentialforsurvival.

問題1選項

A.exhibited

B.displayed

C.paraded

D.revealed

問題2選項

A.accurate

B.inaccurate

C.comfortable

D.uncomfortable

問題3選項

A.transformation

B.transmission

C.transaction

D.transition

問題4選項

A.at

B.up

C.into

D.on

問題5選項

A.image

B.pledge

C.survival

D.appeal

問題6選項

A.restrictively

B.radically

C.practically

D.exclusively

問題7選項

A.and

B.or

C.but

D.so

問題8選項

A.immensely

B.immerse

C.imminently

D.permanent

問題9選項

A.was

B.were

C.is

D.are

問題10選項

A.hunting

B.farming

C.killing

D.penning

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:A

第10題:A

【解析】1.考查動詞辨析。A選項exhibited“表現出；展覽”；B選項displayed“陳列；展示；表露（特點、素質、情感）”；C選項paraded“（為使自己獲益而）展示；游行”；D選項revealed“透露；揭露”。句意：從生物學角度來看，現代足球運動員______是偽裝的狩獵群體中的一員。根據語境，這里是生物學的角度顯示出現代足球運動員是偽裝的狩獵者，D選項revealed“透露；揭露”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

2.考查形容詞辨析。A選項accurate“準確的；精確的”；B選項inaccurate“不準確的”；C選項comfortable“舒服的”；D選項uncomfortable“不舒服的”。句意：如果他目標______，并且得分，會享受類似獵人殺死獵物取得勝利的感覺。根據語境，這里指足球運動員踢進足球贏得分數，A選項accurate“準確的；精確的”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

3.考查名詞辨析。A選項transformation“轉變；（徹底的）變化”；B選項transmission“傳送；傳播”；C選項transaction“交易”；D選項transition“轉型；（逐漸地）轉向”。句意：為了理解這種______是如何發(fā)生的。根據文章第一句可知體育活動本質上是狩獵行為的改良，所以體育活動是從狩獵行為演變而來，A選項transformation“轉變；（徹底的）變化”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

4.考查固定搭配。A選項lookat“看；考慮；著眼于”；B選項lookup“查閱；（久別后）拜訪”；C選項lookinto“觀察；調查；瀏覽”；D選項lookon“看待；視作”。句意：我們必須簡略地______我們的祖先。根據語境，這里是指看看我們的祖先的具體情況，A選項lookat“看；考慮；著眼于”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

5.考查名詞辨析。A選項image“想象”；B選項pledge“諾言；抵押”；C選項survival“幸存”；D選項appeal“上訴；吸引力”。句意：他們的______取決于在獵場上的成功。根據語境，這里指在獵場上成功捕到獵物讓他們生存下來，C選項survival“幸存”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

6.考查副詞辨析。A選項restrictively“限制性地”；B選項radically“從根本上，徹底地”；C選項practically“實事求是地”；D選項exclusively“唯一地，專有地”。句意：在這種壓力下，他們的整個生活方式，甚至他們的身體，都發(fā)生了______變化。根據上文，這里指成功捕獵才能存活的壓力讓我們的祖先發(fā)生了變化，以及下一句中交代的追逐、賽跑、跳高、瞄準、投擲等，可知這是生活方式和身體上質的變化，B選項radically“從根本上；徹底地”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

7.考查連詞辨析。A選項and“和”；B選項or“或者”；C選項but“但是”；D選項so“所以”。句意：他們成為追逐者、賽跑者、跳高者、瞄準者、投擲者______捕食者。根據語境，這里表示并列，包含這里列出的所有身份，A選項and“和”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

8.考查詞義辨析。A選項immensely“極其地；非常地”；B選項immerse“使浸沒于；沉浸在”；C選項imminently“緊急地；迫切地”；D選項permanent“永恒的”。句意：然后，大約一萬年前，在經歷了______漫長的狩獵形成時期之后，他們成為了農民。根據語境，這里的一萬年非常久，A選項immensely“極其地，非常地”修飾long“長的”比較合理。因此A選項正確。

9.考查主謂一致。句意：他們的智力提高了，這對它們以前的狩獵生活至關重要，現在智力又有了新的用途——圈養(yǎng)、控制和馴養(yǎng)獵物。根據主語是intelligence確定謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式，根據動作發(fā)生在以前確定用一般過去時，所以A選項was正確，其余選項語法錯誤。因此A選項正確。

10.考查名詞辨析。A選項hunting“捕獵”；B選項farming“耕作”；C選項killing“謀殺”；D選項penning“用石塊鋪砌”。句意：______的風險和不確定性不再是生存的必要條件。根據上文，捕獵是生存的必要條件，A選項hunting“捕獵”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

4.單選題

Astherewasnoroad,thetravelers（）uparockyslopeontheirwayback.

問題1選項

A.ran

B.hurried

C.scrambled

D.crawled

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。四個選項均與up搭配，分別是run、hurry、scramble、crawl的過去式。A選項ranup“匆匆制成；積欠；迅速積累；向上跑”；B選項hurriedup“（使）趕快”；C選項scrambledup“攀爬；巴結；攪混起來”；D選項crawlup“爬上；爬到”。由本句關鍵詞“arockyslope”（巖石邊坡）可知，旅行者們需要攀爬邊坡，才能返回，所以攀爬的意思在此處符合題意。句意：因為沒有路，旅行者們在返回的路上攀爬了一個巖石斜坡。因此C選項正確。

5.單選題

TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual.Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,humanbeingsviewedthenaturalforcesoftheworld,eventheseasonalchanges,asunpredictable,andtheysought,throughvariousmeans,tocontroltheseunknownandfearfulpowers.Thosemeasureswhichappearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethenretainedandrepeateduntiltheyhardenedintofixedrituals.Eventuallystoriesarosewhichexplainedorveiledthemysteriesoftherites.Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.

Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.Furthermore,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedforperformances,andwhentheentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,acleardivisionwasusuallymadebetweenthe"actingarea"andthe"auditorium".Inaddition,therewereperformers,and,sinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Wearingmasksandcostumes,theyoftenimpersonatedotherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeingsandmimedthedesiredeffect——successinhuntorballet,thecoiningrain,therevivalofthesun—asanactormight.Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.

Anothertheorytracesthetheater'soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling.Accordingtothisview,tales(aboutthehunt,war,ofother-feats)aregraduallyelaborated,atfirstthroughtheuseofimpersonation,action,anddialoguebyanarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.Acloselyrelatedtheorytracestheatertothosedancesthatareprimarilyrhythmicalandgymnasticorthataretheimitationofanimalmovementsandsounds.

1.Anappropriatetitleofthepassagewouldbe（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacommonelementoftheaterandritual?

3.Whichofthefollowingideasdoesthepassagesupport?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemaindifferencebetweenritualanddrama?

問題1選項

A."TheOriginsofTheater"

B.“TheRoleofRitualinModernDance"

C."TheImportanceofStorytelling"

D."TheWietyofEarlyReligiousActivities"

問題2選項

A.Dance.

B.Magic.

C.Music.

D.Costumes.

問題3選項

A.Nooneissureabouttheoriginoftheater.

B.Mythsweretheultimateoriginofdrama.

C.Storytellingisanimportantpartofdrama.

D.Allreligionscamefromritualactivities.

問題4選項

A.Ritualusesmusicwhereasdramadoesnot.

B.Ritualisshorterthandrama

C.Ritualrequiresfewerperformersthandramadoes.

D.Ritualhasareligiouspurposeanddramadoesnot.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章前兩段介紹了廣泛為人接受的理論-——戲劇起源于宗教儀式。最后一段還介紹了另外兩種有關戲劇起源的理論——認為戲劇源自人們對敘述故事的興趣，和認為可以將戲劇的起源追溯至舞蹈。故A項“戲劇的起源”比較適合作文章標題。

2.細節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused(認為戲劇從儀式演化而來的人們還認為那些儀式包含了戲劇的基本因素，因為音樂、舞蹈、面具和服裝幾乎經常被使用),因此B項“魔術”不是戲劇和儀式的基本因素。

3.判斷推理題。A:沒有人能確定戲劇的起源,B:神話是戲劇的最終起源,第一段指出:TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual(有很多關于古希臘戲劇起源的理論。其中今天最廣泛為人接受的理論是基于戲劇起源于宗教儀式的假設),由此可知A項正確,B項不正確。C:講故事是戲劇的一個重要部分,最后一段指出:Anothertheorytracesthetheater'soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling(另一個追溯戲劇起源的理論認為它來自人們對敘述故事的興趣),由此可知C項和原文并不相符。D:所有的宗教起源于宗教儀式活動,文章并未提及。故此題選A。

4.細節(jié)事實題。倒數第二段指出:此外，還有表演者，因為在儀式的制定中避免犯錯誤是相當重要的，宗教領袖通常承擔這個任務。他們戴著面具，穿著戲服，經常模仿其他人、動物或超自然的生物，模仿演員所期望的效果——成功模仿狩獵或芭蕾，無論晴天或雨天。這種戲劇性的表現最終與宗教活動分離開來。由此可看出D項“宗教儀式有一個宗教目的，而戲劇沒有”正確。

6.單選題

Ourmanagerhad（）onthematterforalongtimebeforehemadethefinaldecision.

問題1選項

A.hushed

B.thrashed

C.pondered

D.suspended

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項hushed“安靜；（使）安靜”；B選項thrashed“打，使逆行”；C選項pondered“仔細考慮，衡量”；D選項suspended“延緩，推遲”。句意：我們經理（）很長時間才做出最后決定。本句表示“仔細考慮了很久才決定”，因此C選項符合題意。

7.單選題

ThisistheChinese______,translatedfromEnglish.

問題1選項

A.publication

B.editor

C.printing

D.version

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項publication“發(fā)行，出版物”；B選項editor“（報刊、雜志的）主編”；C選項printing“（書籍的）一次印刷”；D選項version“（電影、劇本、樂曲等的）版本”。句意：這是英文翻譯過來的中文______。根據語境，這里指的是這原來是英文的，被翻譯成了中文，D選項version“（電影、劇本、樂曲等的）版本”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

8.單選題

Muchofthelanguageusedtodescribemometarypolicy,suchas“steeringtheeconomytoasoftlanding”or“atouchonthebrakes”,makesitsoundlikeaprecisescience.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Thelinkbetweeninterestratesandinflationisuncertain.Andtherearelong,variablelagsbeforepolicychangeshaveanyeffectontheeconomy.Hencethereisan

analogythatlikenstheconductofmometarypolicytodrivingacarwithablackenedwindscreen,acrackedrear-viewmirrorandafaultysteeringwheel.

Givenallthesedisadvantages,centralbankersseemtohavehadmuchtoboastaboutoflate.Averageinflationinthebigsevenindustrialeconomiesfelltoamere2.3%lastyear,closetoitslowestlevelin30years,beforerisingslightlyto2.5%thisJuly.Thisisalongwaybelowthedouble-digitrateswhichmanycountriesexperiencedinthe1980sandearly1990s.

Itisalsolessthanmostforecastershadpredicted.Inlate2003thepanelofeconomistswhichTheEconomistspollseachmonthsaidthatAmerica'sinflationratewouldaverage3.5%in2004.Infact,itfellto2.6%inAugust,andisexpectedtoaverageonlyabout3%fortheyearasawhole.InBritainandJapaninflationisrunninghalfapercentagepointbelowtheratepredictedattheendoflastyear.Thisisnoflashinthepan,overthepastcoupleofyears,inflationhasbeenconsistentlylowerthanexpectedinBritainandAmerica.

EconomistshavebeenparticularlysurprisedbyfavorableinflationfiguresinBritainandtheUnitedStates,sinceconventionalmeasuressuggestthatbotheconomies,andespeciallyAmerica’s，havelittleproductiveslack.America’scapacityutilisation,forexample,hithistoricallyhighlevelsearlierthisyear,anditsjoblessrate(5.6%inAugust)hasfallenbelowmostestimatesofthenaturalrateofunemployment-theratebelowwhichinflationhastakenoffinthepast.

Whyhasinflationprovedsomild?Themostthrillingexplanationis,unfortunately,alittle,defective.Someeconomistsarguethatpowerfulstructuralchangesintheworldhaveup-endedtheoldeconomicmodelsthatwerebaseduponthehistoricallinkbetweengrowthandinflation.

1.Accordingtothetext,makingmonetarypolicychanges（）.

2.Fromthepassagewelearnthat（）.

3.Thepassagesuggeststhat（）.

4.Bysaying"Thisisnoflashinthepan"(inParagraph3)theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthepresentsituation?

問題1選項

A.iscomparabletodrivingacar

B.issimilartocarryingoutscientificwork

C.willnotinfluencetheeconomyimmediately

D.willhaveanimmediateimpactontheinflationrates

問題2選項

A.thereisaclearrelationshipbetweeninflationandinterestrates

B.theeconomyalwaysfollowsparticulartrends

C.thecurrenteconomicproblemsareentirelypredictable

D.thepresenteconomicsituationisbetterthanexpected

問題3選項

A.thepreviouseconomicmodelsarestillapplicable.

B.anextremelylowjoblessratewillleadtoinflation.

C.ahighunemploymentratewillresultfrominflation.

D.interestrateshaveanimmediateeffectontheeconomy.

問題4選項

A.thelowinflationratewillcontinue

B.theinflationratewillriseagain

C.inflationwilldisappearentirely

D.thereisnoinflationatpresent

問題5選項

A.Tolerant.

B.Indifferent.

C.Disappointed.

D.Surprised.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段提到政策對經濟的影響是需要很長一段時間的（andtherearelong,variablelagsbeforepolicychangeshaveanyeffectontheeconomy），選項C的描述與之相符，所以符合題意。

2.文章第一段提到利率與通貨膨脹的關系并不明確（Thelinkbetweeninterestratesandinflationisuncertain）所以選項A排除；文章提到近年來的經濟狀況出乎人們的預期，與預測的不一樣，所以選項B和C不符合。所以選項D符合題意。

3.文章第四段最后一句話theratebelowwhichinflationhastakenoffinthepast提到過去認為失業(yè)率低于正常失業(yè)率時候，通貨膨脹會上升，選項B符合題意。

4.Thisisnoflashinthepan指的是“這不是曇花一現”。文章第三段提到了美國、英國、日本在2004年的低通貨膨脹率后指出，事實上，在過往的幾年中，這些國家的通貨膨脹率一直低于預測（Itisalsolessthanmostforecastershadpredicted）。選項A符合題意。

5.文章多次表示現在的經濟狀況好得出乎人們的預料，所以選項D符合題意。

9.單選題

問題1選項

A.Becausethecompanieswanttoimproveworkershealthandreducemedicalspending

B.Becausethecompanieswanttosavemoremoneyforemployers

C.Becausetheprogramsturnedouttobeuselessinimprovingworkers'health

D.Becausethelonger-termeffectsoftheprogramshavenotbeenidentified

問題2選項

A.Theprogramdidnohelpinloweringworkers'bloodpressureorsugarlevels

B.Theprogramsignificantlyreducedworkers'healthcarecosts

C.Theworkerswhoadoptedhealthierbehaviorsturnedtobehealthier

D.Theworkerswhoaremoreoptimisticturnedtobehealthier

問題3選項

A.Theyaregoingtoanalyze3yearsofdatafromthewellnessprogram

B.Theyaregoingtoadjustthewellnessprogram

C.Theyaregoingtosupportthewellnessprogramforalongterm.

D.Theyaregoingtoseewhetherthewellnessprogramarebeneficialinalong-termrun

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】第1題:重新思考健康計劃的原因在第二段與第三段最后均有提到。第二段最后說到“itfoundnosignificantreductioninworker’shealthcarecosts（研究發(fā)現，職工的醫(yī)療保健成本沒有顯著下降）”，第三段最后說到“Theresearchersarenowanalyzingthreeyearsofdatafromthewellnessprogramtoseeifthereareanylonger-termeffects（研究人員現在正在分析來自健康計劃的三年數據，以了解是否有任何長期的影響）”，說明其原因就在這個計劃的長期影響并不十分確定，D選項正確。

第2題:文中提到的研究有三個結果：1.參加了健康計劃的員工更加注意自己的身體健康問題；2.參加計劃與否對于到血壓或血糖指標的影響差別不大；3.并沒有降低職工醫(yī)療成本。因此C選項是符合這三個結果的。A選項的問題在于否定了健康計劃對血壓或血糖指標的影響。

第3題:研究人員的目標體現在最后一句“Theresearchersarenowanalyzingthreeyearsofdatafromthewellnessprogramtoseeifthereareanylonger-termeffects（研究人員現在正在分析來自健康計劃的三年數據，以了解是否有任何長期的影響）”，因此他們的目標就是看這個健康計劃從長期來看是否有益，D選項正確。

10.單選題

Itissaidthatthemathteacherseems（

）towardsbrightstudents.

問題1選項

A.preferable

B.partial

C.beneficial

D.liable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項preferable“更好的，更可取的”；B選項partial“部分的，不完全的，偏袒”；C選項beneficial“有利的，有益的”；D選項liable“負有償付責任，可能受……的影響”。由brightstudents（聰明的學生）可知B選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：據說這個數學老師似乎偏袒聰明的學生。

11.單選題

Althoughthementalprocessthatcreatesafreshandoriginalpoemordramaisdoubtless（

）thatwhichoriginatesandelaboratesscientificdiscoveries,thereisclearlyadiscernibledifferencebetweenthecreators.

問題1選項

A.peripheralto

B.contiguouswith

C.inconsistentwith

D.analogousto

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。A選項“次要的，不重要的”；B選項“接著的，相鄰的，鄰近的”；C選項“不一致，不協調”；D選項“類推為，類同為”，根據句首的although和句末的adiscernibledifference以及句子的整體意思‘盡管原創(chuàng)一首詩歌或一部戲劇的心理過程很可能與產生并詳細闡述科學發(fā)現的心理過程類似，但是在創(chuàng)造者之間顯然存在區(qū)別’可以推斷出答案選項應該為D。

12.單選題

Thedecisionoftheuniversitytoclosetheswimmingpoolatweekends

anangryreactionamongstudents.

問題1選項

A.nurtured

B.provoked

C.cultivated

D.stimulated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。nurtured“培育”；provoked“激起，挑釁”；cultivated“發(fā)展；耕作”；stimulated“促進；激發(fā)”。句意：學校決定在周末封閉游泳池引起學生激烈的反對。選項B符合題意。

13.單選題

Formostthinkerssince（theGreekphilosophers,itwasself-evidentthatthereissomethingcalledhumannature,somethingthatconstitutestheessenceofman.Therewerevariousviewsaboutwhatconstitutesit,buttherewasagreementthatsuchanessenceexiststhatistosay,thatthereissomethingbyvirtueofwhichmanisman.Thusmanwasdefinedasarationalbeing,asasocialanimal,ananimalthatcanmaketools,orasymbol-makinganimal.

Morerecently,thistraditionalviewhasbeguntobequestioned.Onereasonforthischangewastheincreasingemphasisgiventothehistoricalapproachtoman.Anexaminationofthehistoryofhumanitysuggestedthatmaninourepochissodifferentfrommaninprevioustimesthatitseemedunrealistictoassumethatmenineveryagehavehadincommonsomethingthatcanbecalled"humannature."Thehistoricalapproachwasreinforced,particularlyintheUnitedStates,bystudiesinthefieldofculturalanthropology（人類學）.Thestudyofprimitivepeopleshasdiscoveredsuchadiversityofcustoms,values,feelings,andthoughtsthatmanyanthropologistsarrivedattheconceptthatmanisbornasablanksheetofpaperonwhicheachculturewritesitstext.Anotherfactorcontributingtothetendencytodenytheassumptionofafixedhumannaturewasthattheconcepthassooftenbeenabusedasashieldbehindwhichthemostinhumanactsarecommitted.Inthenameofhumannature,forexample,Aristotleandmostthinkersuptotheeighteenthcenturydefendedslavery.Orinordertoprovetherationalityandnecessityofthecapitalistformofsociety,scholarshavetriedtomakeacaseforacquisitiveness,competitiveness,andselfishnessasinnate（天生的）humantraits.Popularly,onereferscynicallyto"humannature"inacceptingtheinevitabilityofsuchundesirablehumanbehaviorasgreed,murder,cheatingandlying.

Anotherreasonforskepticismabouttheconceptofhumannatureprobablytiesintheinfluenceofevolutionarythinking.Oncemancametobeseenasdevelopingintheprocessofevolution,theideaofasubstancewhichiscontainedinhisessenceseemeduntenable.YetIbelieveitispreciselyfromanevolutionarystandpointthatwecanexpectnewinsightintotheproblemofthenatureofman.

1.Thetraditionalviewof"humannature"wasstronglychallengedby（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,anthropologistsbelievethathumanbeings

（

）.

3.TheauthormentionedAristotle,agreatancientthinkerinorderto

（

）.

4.Theword“untenable”inthelastparagraph（Line3）ofthepassagemostprobablymeans（

）.

問題1選項

A.theemergenceoftheevolutionarytheory

B.thehistoricalapproachtoman

C.newinsightintohumanbehavior

D.thephilosophicalanalysisofslavery

問題2選項

A.havesometraitsincommon

B.arebornwithdiversecultures

C.arebornwithoutafixednature

D.changetheircharactersastheygrowup

問題3選項

A.Emphasizethathecontributedalottodefiningtheconceptof“humannature’’

B.showthattheconceptofhumannaturewasusedtojustifysocialevils

C.provethatliehadaprofoundinfluenceontheconceptof"humannature"

D.supporttheideathatsomehumantraitsareacquired

問題4選項

A.invaluable

B.imaginable

C.changeable

D.indefensible

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段“Morerecently,thistraditionalviewhasbeguntobequestioned.Onereasonforthischangewastheincreasingemphasisgiventothehistoricalapproachtoman.最近人們開始對人性本質的傳統觀點產生質疑。其中一個理由就是人們越來越重視人類歷史研究方法與途徑?！笨芍诵员举|的傳統觀點遭到歷史研究方法的挑戰(zhàn)。故答案B

第2題:細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“Anexaminationofthehistoryofhumanitysuggestedthatmaninourepochissodifferentfrommaninprevioustimesthatitseemedunrealistictoassumethatmenineveryagehavehadincommonsomethingthatcanbecalled‘humannature’.一項對人類歷史的研究表明，我們這個時代的人與以前的人是如此不同，以至于認為每個時代的人都有可以稱為‘共同的人性之處’似乎是不現實的?！笨芍狢項正確，答案C

第3題:推理判斷題。由題干的Aristotle定位到文章第二段“Anotherfactorcontributingtothetendencytodenytheassumptionofafixedhumannaturewasthattheconcepthassooftenbeenabusedasashieldbehindwhichthemostinhumanactsarecommitted.另一個促使人們傾向于否定固定人性假設的因素是，這一概念經常被濫用，被用作大多數不人道行為的擋箭牌?！笨芍鸢窧

第4題:詞義題。invaluable“無價的”；imaginable“可以想象的”；changeable“易變的”；indefensible“站不住腳的”。由“Oncemancametobeseenasdevelopingintheprocessofevolution,theideaofasubstancewhichiscontainedinhisessenceseemeduntenable.一旦人類開始被看作是在進化過程中發(fā)展起來的，那么包含在人類本質中的一種物質的觀點就似乎站不住腳了。答案D

14.單選題

ThehospitaldeniesthereisanyconnectionbetweenthedisciplinaryactionandDr.Reid's()abouthealthproblems.

問題1選項

A.allegiance

B.alliance

C.allegations

D.alliteration

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。allegiance“效忠；忠貞”；alliance“聯盟”；allegations“主張”；alliteration“頭韻”。句意：醫(yī)院否認紀律處分和里德醫(yī)生關于健康問題的主張有任何聯系。因此C選項符合題意。

15.翻譯題

我國先秦思想家就提出了“親仁善鄰，國之寶也”的思想，反映了自古以來中國人民就希望天下太平、同各國人民友好相處。今天，專心致志進行現代化建設的中國人民，更需要有一個長期的和平國際環(huán)境和良好的周邊環(huán)境。我國的對外政策，是以和平為宗旨的。我們堅持在和平共處五項原則，特別是在相互尊重、平等互利、互不干涉內政的原則基礎上，同世界各國建立和發(fā)展友好合作關系。我們絕不會把自己曾經遭受欺凌的苦難加之于人。中國的發(fā)展與進步，不會對任何人構成威脅。將來中國富強起來了，也永遠不稱霸。中國始終是維護世界和平與地區(qū)穩(wěn)定的堅定力量。

【答案】Asearlyasinthepre-QinDynasty,Chinesethinkersputforwardtheideaof“benevolenceandgoodneighborlinessarethetreasuresofacountry”,whichreflectstheChinesepeople’sdesireforworldpeaceandfriendlyrelationswithpeopleofallcountriessinceancienttimes.Today,theChinesepeople,dedicatedtomodernization,needmorethaneveralong-termpeacefulinternationalenvironmentandagoodsurroundingenvironment.China’sforeignpolicyisbasedonpeace.WearecommittedtoestablishinganddevelopingfriendlyrelationsandcooperationwithothercountriesonthebasisoftheFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistence,especiallytheprinciplesofmutualrespect,equality,mutualbenefitandmutualnon-involvementineachother’sinternalaffairs.Wewillneverinflictonothersthehardshipswehavesufferedfrombullying.China’sdevelopmentandprogresswillposenothreattoanyone.Inthefuture,whenChinabecomesrichandstrong,itwillneverclaimhegemonyeither.Chinawillalwaysbeastaunchforceforworldpeaceandregionalstability.

16.單選題

ThereisnoeasysolutiontoJapan’slabor（

）.

問題1選項

A.decline

B.vacancy

C.rarity

D.shortage

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。decline“下降”；vacancy“空缺，空白”；rarity“罕見；珍品”；shortage“缺少”。句意：日本勞動力不足的問題很難解決。選項D符合題意。

17.單選題

Withmanyethnicgroupsrepresented,thestudentunionisvery（

）.

問題1選項

A.homogeneous

B.heterodox

C.heterogeneous

D.heterogeneousness

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。homogeneous意為“同性質的，同類的”；heterodox意為“異端的，非正統的”；heterogeneous意為“由很多種類組成的，各種各樣的”；heterogeneousness意為“異質的”。

句意：學生會由不同成員組成，代表了很多民族團體。

18.單選題

（）andhardworkarethecornerstonesofthiscompany.

問題1選項

A.Mutilation

B.Innovation

C.Empire

D.Strength

【答案】B

【解析】語義題。句中and連接空格跟hardwork,因此B項innovation(創(chuàng)新，革新)正確。

19.單選題

BillGatesisnottheonlyAmericanentrepreneurwithbusinessplantosavetheworld.D.Therearethousands.ConsiderSteveKirsch,whohadjustturned35whenhehadeveiythingeverythinghecouldwant.Adobe,thesoftwaregiant,hadjustpurchasedoneofhisstartups,Eframe.,ThesalemadeKirschveryrich,withashareinaprivatejet,anestateinCalifornia’sLosAltosHillsandaburningquestion:whattodowiththerestofa$50millionfortune?Afterafewyearsofdolingoutmoneytotraditionalcharities—hisalmamater,theUnitedWay—Kirschgotambitious.Hesetuphisownfoundationtobenefit“everyone”,fundingresearchoneverythingfromcancertonear-earthobjects."“Itisguaranteedthatwewillbehitbyanasteroidsometimeinthefuture,，”perhaps“beforeweendthisphoneconversation.”Kirschexplains.“Itwouldcostseveralbillionlives,andwecansavethoselivesfor$50million,whichislessthanthecostofaprivatejet.Icallitenlightenedself-interest.”

Americanphilanthropyisn’twhatitusedtobe.Gonearethedayswhenoldmoneywasdoledoutbybureaucratsfrommahogany-paneledrooms.Morepeoplearegivingoutmoremoneythaneverbefore,atmuchyoungerages,andtoamuchwidervarietyofcauses.In1980s,RonaldReagan’scallforprivatecharitytoreplacegovernmentlargessewasgreetedwithhootsofliberalderision—andanoutbreakofgiving.Thenumberofprivatefoundationsrosefrom22,000in1980to55,000today.Theynowdoleoutabout$23.3billionayear,a700percentincreasesince1980.Andmanyaretheoffspringofcapitalists,whobringthelanguageofbusinesstocharity.VanessaKirsch,presidentandfounderoftheentrepreneurialcharityNewProfitInc.,says,“There’sthisnewbreedofsocialentrepreneurscomingoutofHarvardBusinessSchoolorfaileddot-coms,andthey’resaying,'‘Iwanttomakebigthingshappen.’”’’

Theiroutlookisincreasinglyglobal,intheGatesmold.D.Theshareoffundingthatthe1,000largestfoundationsdevotetointeractionalcausesjumpedfrom11.3percentin1999to16.3percentin2000.AndwhiletheU.S,governmentisoftencriticizedforstingyforeignaid(wellunder1percentofGNPeachyear),thesamecan’tbesaidofprivatedonors,whonowgiveaway2.1percentofU.S.GNPeachyear.“NonationcomesevenremotelyclosetotheU.S.onthesethings,”saysScottWalkerofthePhilanthropyRoundtable.“Ifyou’reinSwedenorFrance,it’ssomethingthegovernmentissupposedtodo.IfyouwereinEngland,itisthenobility.Americansdon’tthinkit’senoughtosay,‘Igaveattheofficewithtaxes.’”’’

Tobesure,businessandphilanthropyareoldbedfellowsintheUnitedStates.TheRockefellers,theCarnegiesandtheFordssetthemold.D.ButmanywerewhatMarkDowie,authorof“AmericanFoundations:AnInvestigativeHistory,，”calls“s.o.b.B.s”—patronsof“symphonies,operas,ballets,”and“museumsandhospitalswhererichpeoplegotodie.”Thenewfoundationsaremorelike“quasi-publictrusts—progressiveinstitutionsofchange,”arguesDowie.

ThenewmoversandshakersofAmericancharityaremorelikelytobeflashyTVtitanslikeTedTurner.ThestoryofhowTurnergaveawayabillionisafoundinglegendofthisclass.InacabonhiswaytomakeaspeechattheUnitedNations,thecabletitan,sickofofficialU.S.reluctancetopayU.N.dues,decidedtoponyupI$1billionhimself.ThisshamedWashingtonandinspiredimitators.“Itisalotmorepersonality-orientedinthiscultureofnewwealth.,”saysEllenDadisman,vicepresidentoftheCouncilonFoundations.“It’ssortoflikewealthmeetsPeoplemagazine.”

InSiliconValley,thenewfashioniscalled“venturephilanthropy”,Accordingtoonesurvey,

83percentofvalleyhouseholdsgivetocharity,comparedwith69percentnationally.Buttheypreferto“invest”,not“give”.Andtoattract“investors”,fund-raiserspromisehands-onmanagementofthenonprofitstheysupport.Theydemandseatsontheboard,setperformancegoalsandplananexitstrategyincaseexpectationsaren’tmet.“Traditionally,foundationshavenotbeenasinvasive,”saysDadisman.“Theydidn’tgotothenonprofitan