(新高考)高考英語一輪復習講義 教材知識解讀 必修第2冊　Unit 4　History and Traditions (含答案)

教材詞匯要記牢Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——我會認1．mansionn．公館；宅第2．cemeteryn．墓地；公墓3．philosophyn．哲學4．descendantn．后裔；后代；子孫5．heeln．足跟；(腳、襪子、鞋等的)后跟6．currencyn．通貨；貨幣7．militaryadj.軍事的；軍用的8．conquervt.占領；征服；控制9．galleryn．(藝術作品的)展覽館；畫廊10．landscapen．(陸上，尤指鄉(xiāng)村的)風景11．buttern．黃油；奶油vt.涂黃油于12．honeyn．蜂蜜13．a(chǎn)ncestorn．祖宗；祖先14．courtyardn．庭院；院子15．scentn．氣味；氣息16．stewn．燉菜(有肉和蔬菜)vt.&vi.燉；煨17．sensoryadj.感覺的；感官的18．transitionn．過渡；轉(zhuǎn)變；變遷19．Wales威爾士(英國)20．Scotland蘇格蘭(英國)21．Northern北愛爾蘭(英國)22．Vikingn．維京人；北歐海盜23．Normanadj.諾曼式的；諾曼人的24．Romanadj.古羅馬的；羅馬的n．古羅馬人；羅馬市民25．Irishadj.愛爾蘭的；愛爾蘭人(或語)的Ⅱ.重點單詞——我會寫1．Confuciusn．孔子2．individualadj.單獨的；個別的n．個人3．chiefadj.最重要的；最高級別的n．(公司或機構的)首領；酋長4．nearbyadj.附近的；鄰近的adv.在附近5．legaladj.法律的；合法的6．battlen．戰(zhàn)役；搏斗vi.&vt.搏斗；奮斗7．portn．港口(城市)8．chargen．收費；指控；主管vt.收費；控告；充電9．a(chǎn)mountn．金額；數(shù)量10．a(chǎn)pproachn．方法；途徑；接近vt.接近；接洽；著手處理vi.靠近11．ensurevt.保證；確保；擔保12．generousadj.慷慨的；大方的；豐富的13．positionn．位置；姿態(tài)；職位14．snackn．點心；小吃15．eageradj.熱切的；渴望的16．countyn．(英國、愛爾蘭的)郡；(美國的)縣17．feastn．盛宴；宴會；節(jié)日18．rollvi.&vt.(使)翻滾；(使)滾動n．卷(軸)；翻滾19．dotn．點；小(圓)點vt.加點；遍布20．cattlen．牛21．roarvi.&n．吼叫；咆哮22．oceann．大海；海洋23．greetvt.問候；迎接24．pubn．酒吧；酒館25．winen．葡萄酒；果酒26．beern．(一杯)啤酒27．customn．風俗；習俗；習慣Ⅲ.拓展單詞——我會變1．puzzlen．謎；智力游戲；疑問vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzlingadj.令人困惑的→puzzledadj.感到困惑的2．defencen．防御；保衛(wèi)→defendv．防御；保衛(wèi)→defensiveadj.防御的；保護的3．legaladj.法律的；合法的→illegaladj.不合法的4．surroundvt.圍繞；包圍→surroundingadj.周圍的→surroundingsn．周圍的環(huán)境5．evidencen．證據(jù)；證明→evidentadj.明顯的6．a(chǎn)chievementn．成就；成績；達到→achievevt.達到；實現(xiàn)7．locationn．地方；地點；位置→locatevt.位于；找……的位置8．fascinatingadj.極有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinatev．使……入迷，迷住→fascinatedadj.著迷的9．a(chǎn)nnouncevt.宣布；通知；聲稱→announcementn．宣布；通知→announcern．廣播員；解說員10．poetn．詩人→poemn．詩歌→poetryn．詩歌(總稱)11．strikingadj.引人注目的；顯著的→strikevt.打擊；攻擊；打動n．罷工12．crowdn．人群；一群人；民眾vt.擠滿；使……擁擠→crowdedadj.擁擠的Ⅳ.核心短語1．join...to...把……和……連接或聯(lián)結起來2．breakaway(fromsb./sth.)脫離；背叛；逃脫3．belongto屬于4．a(chǎn)swellas同(一樣也)；和；還5．keepyoureyesopen(for)留心；留意高頻詞匯來助力1．carpentern．木匠2．casualadj.隨意的；不定期的3．cautiousadj.謹慎的；小心的4．ceremonyn．儀式；典禮5．certificaten．證明；證明書6．challengingadj.具有挑戰(zhàn)性的7．changeableadj.易變的；變化無常的8．characteristicadj.典型的；特有的n．特征；特點經(jīng)典句式需悟通1．Theyusethesameflag，knownastheUnionJack，aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.像擁有同樣的貨幣和國防一樣，他們也使用同一面被稱為聯(lián)合杰克的國旗。2．TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland，andmadechangestothelegalsystem.他們在英格蘭四處修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。3．Itsbeautifulcountrysideexcitesandinspiresall，offeringsomethingforeachofthesenses.它美麗的鄉(xiāng)村給人以激情和靈感，滿足各種感官享受。4．Thepeacefullandscapeofthe“EmeraldIsle”anditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes，withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.“綠寶石(愛爾蘭)島”風光寧靜秀美，郡縣草木蔥蘢，青山連綿起伏，牛羊點綴其中，堪稱一場名副其實的視覺盛宴。5．Withallthisbeauty，itisnotsurprisingthatIrelandhasdevelopedstrongtraditionsthatincludemusic，dancing，anddining.鄉(xiāng)村景色如此優(yōu)美，在愛爾蘭形成這些濃郁的包括音樂、舞蹈以及餐飲方面的傳統(tǒng)就一點也不讓人覺得奇怪了。Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(每小題1分，共10分)1．mansionn．公館；宅第2．descendantn．后裔；后代；子孫3．militaryadj.軍事的；軍用的4．galleryn．(藝術作品的)展覽館；畫廊5．landscapen．(陸上，尤指鄉(xiāng)村的)風景6．buttern．黃油；奶油7．a(chǎn)ncestorn．祖宗；祖先8．scentn．氣味；氣息9．transitionn．過渡；轉(zhuǎn)變；變遷10．Normanadj.諾曼式的；諾曼人的Ⅱ.重點單詞(每小題1分，共14分)11．individualadj.單獨的；個別的n．個人12．chiefadj.最重要的；最高級別的n．(公司或機構的)首領；酋長13．nearbyadj.附近的；鄰近的adv.在附近14．battlen．戰(zhàn)役；搏斗vi.&vt.搏斗；奮斗15．chargen．收費；指控；主管vt.收費；控告；充電16．a(chǎn)mountn．金額；數(shù)量17．a(chǎn)pproachn．方法；途徑；接近vt.接近；接洽；著手處理vi.靠近18．ensurevt.保證；確保；擔保19．generousadj.慷慨的；大方的；豐富的20．positionn．位置；姿態(tài)；職位21．snackn．點心；小吃22．eageradj.熱切的；渴望的23．greetvt.問候；迎接24．customn．風俗；習俗；習慣Ⅲ.拓展單詞(每小題2分，共16分)25．puzzlen．謎；智力游戲；疑問vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzlingadj.令人困惑的→puzzledadj.感到困惑的26．defencen．防御；保衛(wèi)→defendv．防御；保衛(wèi)→defensiveadj.防御的；保護的27．surroundvt.圍繞；包圍→surroundingadj.周圍的→surroundingsn．周圍的環(huán)境28．evidencen．證據(jù)；證明→evidentadj.明顯的29．a(chǎn)chievementn．成就；成績；達到→achievevt.達到；實現(xiàn)30．locationn．地方；地點；位置→locatevt.位于；找……的位置31．fascinatingadj.極有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinatev．使……入迷；迷住→fascinatedadj.著迷的32．poetn．詩人→poemn．詩歌→poetryn．詩歌(總稱)Ⅳ.高頻詞匯(每小題1分，共5分)33．casualadj.隨意的；不定期的34．ceremonyn．儀式；典禮35．certificaten．證明；證明書36．changeableadj.易變的；變化無常的37．characteristicn．特征；特點Ⅴ.核心短語(每小題2分，共10分)38．join...to...把……和……連接或聯(lián)結起來39．breakaway(fromsb./sth.)脫離；背叛；逃脫40．belongto屬于41．a(chǎn)swellas同(一樣也)；和；還42．keepyoureyesopen(for)留心；留意Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(根據(jù)漢語提示或首字母提示寫單詞)(每小題2分，共16分)1．Thepoweroftheindividual(個人)islimitedwhilethepowerofthemassesislimitless.2．Hethentookthewallettoanearby(附近的)policestationafterleavinganotebehindtolettheownerknowitwassafe.3．Thefilmfestivalshouldbearealfeast(盛宴)forfilmfans.4．Hedecidedtoquitthepositionafterquarrelingwiththemanager.5．Themanisbattling(戰(zhàn)斗)againstthedestructionofculturalrelics.6．Sheherselflivedasimpleorratherpoorlife，butshewassogeneroustothepeopleinneedofhelp.7．Someofuswereeagertotakepartintheclassactivities；otherswerenervousandanxious.8．Awaiterisgreeting(迎接)theguestsatthedoorofthepub.Ⅱ.詞形變化填空(用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當形式填空)(每小題2分，共14分)9．Manypeoplewerepuzzledatthesepuzzlingpuzzles.(puzzle)10．Wemusttakesomedefensivemeasurestodefendourcountryagainstinvasion.(defence)11．Surroundedbytreesandflowers，thesurroundingsofthecottagearequitebeautiful.(surround)12.Theannouncerannouncedtheresultsoftly，buttheannouncementmademeshocked.(announce)13．Itwasevidentthattheboywasfascinatedbyherfascinatingvoice.(fascinate)14．Ilovepoetry，especiallythepoemswrittenbythemostfamouspoet—LiBai.(poet)15．Themeetingroomisquitecrowdedwithcrowdscrowdinginit.(crowd)Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句型仿寫(每小題2分，共10分)16．醫(yī)生們盡最大努力救治那些在地震中受傷的人。Doctorstriedtheirbesttosavepeopleinjuredintheearthquake.17．當他到達停車場的時候，他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的車被偷了。Whenhearrivedattheparkinglot，hefoundhiscarstolen.18．看到如此可愛的狗被殺死，他的心都碎了。Seeingsocuteadogkilled，hewasheartbroken.19．所有的作業(yè)都做完了，他出去玩了。Withallhishomeworkfinished，hewentouttoplay.20．你昨天晚上睡得那么晚，今天發(fā)困不足為奇。Youstayedupsolatelastnight；itisnotsurprisingthatyoufeelsleepytoday.Ⅰ.課文語法填空——復習本單元ReadingandThinking部分TheUK，whichisalsoreferred1.toasBritainorGreatBritain，isa2.fascinating(fascinate)countrywithalonghistory.Itismadeupoffourcountries—England，Scotland，WalesandNorthernIreland.Thefourcountriesworktogetherinsomeareas,3.buttheyalsohavesome4.differences(different)，suchasdifferentlegalsystemsandnationaldays.TheUKwasoncetakenoverbyfourgroupsofpeople，whohad5.agreatinfluenceonthecultureofthiscountryinmanyways.Forexample，theRomans,6.whocameinthefirstcentury，builtmanytownsandroadsalloverthecountry.TheAnglo-Sroduced(introduce)thebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage.TheVikingsleftbehindthenamesofmanylocationsandtheNormanshadcastles8.built(build)allaroundEngland.Ifyouhaveknownthehistoryandgeographyofthiscountry，youwillnot9.beconfused(confuse)bywhatthesedifferentnamesmean.Studyingthehistoryofthecountrywillmakeyourvisitmuch10.moreenjoyable(enjoyable)．Ⅱ.課文選詞填空——復習本單元ReadingforWriting部分eq\x(feast，wine，landscape，roar，dot，greet，scent)Thepeaceful1.landscapeofIrelandanditsmanygreencountiesisatrue2.feastfortheeyes，withitsrollinggreenhills3.dottedwithsheepandcattle.Downbythesea，the4.roaroftheoceanwavesandthecriesoftheseabirdsmakeupthemusicofthecoast.Onaquietmorninginthemountains，youcanfeelthesunonyourskinandbreatheinthesweet5.scentoffreshflowerswhilebirds6.greetthenewdaywiththeirmorningsong.Withallthisbeauty，itisnotsurprisingthatIrelandhasdevelopedstrongtraditionsthatincludemusic，dancinganddining.Ifyouwanttohaveachancetoexperienceit，stopbyavillagepubandrelaxwithaglassof7.wineoralocalbeer.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯surroundvt.包圍；圍繞先練基礎——單句語法填空(1)Thiscountyissurroundedby/withrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.(2)Thesurrounding(surround)villageshavebeenincludedintothegrowingcity.(3)Thebuildingshavebeendesignedtoblendinwiththeirsurroundings(surround)．?surround...with...用……包圍……besurroundedby/with被……包圍?surroundingadj.周圍的；附近的?surroundingsn．環(huán)境再提能力——完美寫作·完成句子·背誦(4)綠樹掩映，這個農(nóng)場坐落于我們學校附近的山腳下。一條小河曲曲折折穿行其中。(2020·全國Ⅱ，書面表達)Surroundedbygreentrees，thefarmislocatedatthefootofthehillnearourschool.Thereisasmallriverflowingthroughthefarm.chargevt.&vi.收費；控訴；充電n．費用；指控；主管先練基礎——單句語法填空(1)Wehaveenoughconfidencetochargeyouwithabuseofpower.(2)Thegenerousownerofthepubchargedusonlyasmallamountofmoneyforwineandbeer.(3)Thepersoninchargeofthegalleryannouncedthatanyindividualmustn’ttakepictures.?chargesb.with(doing)sth.＝accusesb.of(doing)sth.指控某人犯……罪chargesb.moneyforsth.因某事/物收某人錢?freeofcharge＝forfree免費inchargeof掌管(表狀態(tài))inthechargeof被……掌管；由……負責takechargeof掌管(表動作)再提能力——完美寫作·單句寫作·背誦(4)上周我們就市民們能否免費進入科技館進行了激烈的辯論。(議論文)LastweekwehadaheateddebateaboutwhethercitizenscanaccesstheScienceMuseumfreeofcharge.amountn．數(shù)量v．總計，共計；相當于，等于先練基礎——單句語法填空(1)Largeamountsofhoneyandbutterwere(be)usedtomakethiskindofsnack.(2)Alargeamountofmoneywas(be)spentontheconstructionoftheschoollastyear.(3)Evenworse，theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.(4)Consumersspendingonsports-relatedproductsamountedto￡9.75billion.?theamountof...……的數(shù)量alarge/smallamountof＋n.[U]＋v.(單數(shù))large/smallamountsof＋n.[U]＋v.(復數(shù))?amountto共計，總計；等于，相當于再提能力——完美寫作·完成句子·背誦(5)為了保持健康，有規(guī)律地做適量的運動是必要的。(應用文之建議信)Inordertokeephealthy，itisnecessarytotakeaproperamountofexerciseregularly.approachv．接近，靠近；接洽；著手處理n．接近；方法；途徑先練基礎——單句語法填空(1)China’sapproachtoprotecting(protect)itsenvironmentwhilefeedingitscitizensoffersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide.(2)Atthemeeting，theydiscussedthreedifferentapproaches(approach)tothestudyofmaths.?anapproachto(doing)sth.(做某事的)方法/途徑；接近，靠近attheapproachof在快到……的時候?beapproaching正在/將要接近with...approaching在……快到的時候?approachsth./sb.接近某物/某人再提能力——完美寫作·完成句子·背誦(3)隨著高考的接近，很多學生變得越來越緊張。(用with復合結構)Withthecollegeentranceexaminationapproaching，manystudentsarebecomingincreasinglynervous.eageradj.渴望的；熱切的先練基礎——單句語法填空(1)Assoonaswecametothenewcity，wefoundourselveseagertohave(have)atasteoflocalsnacksandbeer.(2)Theyoungmanwaseagerforacarafterhegraduatedfromcollege.?beeagertodosth.渴望做某事beeagerforsth.渴望得到某物?eagerlyadv.熱切地；急切地?eagernessn．熱切；渴望witheagerness熱切地；急切地hideone’seagerness掩飾某人的渴望再提能力——完美寫作·完成句子·背誦(3)當這個男孩被問及是否想要一個生日禮物的時候，他無法掩飾他的渴望，但他還是搖了搖頭。(讀后續(xù)寫動作心理描寫)Whenaskedwhetherhewantedagiftforhisbirthday，theboycouldn’thidehiseagerness.However，heshookhishead.breakawayfromsb./sth.突然離開；脫離；背叛；逃脫breakup打碎；分裂，解體；結束；關系等破裂breakdown垮掉；出故障breakinto破門而入breakin破門而入；打斷；插話breakout戰(zhàn)爭、洪水、火災等爆發(fā)根據(jù)句意用break短語的正確形式填空(1)Thegirlbrokeawayfromhermotherandranaway.(2)Fredhasgivenmenogoodreasonforwantingtobreakupourmarriage.(3)Tomydisappointment，thecarbrokedownonthewaytotheirwedding.(4)WhenIgothome，Ifoundmyhousebrokenintoandsomemoneystolen.(5)Hewascharginghismobilephonewhenthefirebrokeout.belongto屬于；是……的成員；是……的組成部分先練基礎——單句語法填空(1)Havingsoldmostofhisbelongings(belong)，healmosthadnothingleftinthehouse.(2)Inmyopinion，you’dbetterputthebookwhereitbelongs.(3)Thewoodenhousebelonging(belong)tomeisbeingdecoratednow.?belongvi.應在某處；適應，合得來?asenseofbelonging歸屬感?belongingsn.所有物；財產(chǎn)注意：belongto沒有被動語態(tài)和進行時態(tài)，用作非謂語要使用doing形式。再提能力——完美寫作·句型轉(zhuǎn)換·背誦(4)Atigerisalargefierceanimalwhich/thatbelongstothecatfamily.→Atigerisalargefierceanimalbelongingtothecatfamily.aswellas同一樣也；和；還先練基礎——單句語法填空(1)Yourwifeaswellasyouisfriendlytome，forwhichIamverygrateful.(2)Aswellaseating(eat)five-coursemeals，theydranksevenbottlesofwine.?aswellas常用來連接兩個并列的成分，如名詞、形容詞、動詞、介詞，通常不位于句首。作“也，還”解，連接并列主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與aswellas前面的主語保持一致。?用作介詞時，aswellas相當于besides，inadditionto，意思為“除……之外”，后面通常接名詞或動名詞，尤其是位于句首時。再提能力——完美寫作·一句多譯·背誦(3)不但他的太太，而且連他的孩子們都被邀請去參加聚會。①Hischildrenaswellashiswifewereinvitedtotheparty.(aswellas)②Notonlyhiswifebutalsohischildrenwereinvitedtotheparty.(notonly...butalso...)with復合結構Thepeacefullandscapeofthe“EmeraldIsle”anditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes，withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.“綠寶石愛爾蘭島”風光寧靜秀美，郡縣草木蔥蘢，青山連綿起伏，牛羊點綴其中，堪稱一場名副其實的視覺盛宴。先練基礎——單句語法填空(1)Withtimegoing(go)by，Icandistinguishbetweengoodandevil.(2)Withallthedataanalysed(analyse)，Icanmakescientificinferenceseasilynow.(3)Withtoomuchworktodo(do)，Isufferfromanxietyandcan’tsleepwellatnight.(4)Withtearsofjoyinhereyes，shewitnessedherdaughter’swedding.with復合結構在句中作狀語和定語，其結構為：?with＋賓語＋todo表示將來的動作?with＋賓語＋doing表示主動或進行?with＋賓語＋done表示被動或完成?with＋賓語＋介詞短語/adj./adv.再提能力——完美寫作·句式升級·背誦(5)(普通表達)Tomthrewhimselfintohismother’sarmsandtearsofshameandembarrassmentwelledupinhiseyes.(讀后續(xù)寫之羞愧心理描寫)①(高級表達)Tomthrewhimselfintohismother’sarms，withtearsofshameandembarrassmentwellingupinhiseyes.(用with復合結構改寫)②(高級表達)Tomthrewhimselfintohismother’sarms，tearsofshameandembarrassmentwellingupinhiseyes.(用獨立主格結構改寫)提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上單元詞匯Ⅰ.一詞多義練——清除閱讀障礙chargeeq\x(A.掌管B.控告C.收費D.充電E.進攻)1．Theyoungmanwaschargedwithabusingdrugs.B2．Myfathertookchargeofthecompany5yearsago.A3．Haveyougotyourphonecharged?Itwaspoweroffjustnow.D4．Luckily，thewolfdidn’tchargeagainafterIusedwolfspray.E5．Theoldmanchargedme10dollarsforabottleofhoney.CⅡ.核心知識強化練——鞏固語言知識1．Aprovinceattemptedtobreakawayfromthecountry，whichaccountedforwhythepresidentwasupset.2．Theidentitycarddoesn’tbelongtome，thoughthepicturelooksparticularlysimilartome.3．Aswellastelling(tell)interestingstories，theauthorgavesometipstoprotectourprivacy.4．Surrounded(surround)bypeoplemakingfunofhim，hefeltnothingcanbemoreembarrassing.5.Keepitinmindtocharge(charge)thebatterybeforethemachinestopsfunctioning.6．Theonlyapproachtosolving(solve)theproblemisdiscussingitattheconference.7．Iameagertokeep(keep)myselfupdatedwiththelatestnewsbysurfingtheInternet.8．Thesupermarketwascrowdedwithpeoplewhowantedtobuygoodsatadiscount.9．Itisannounced(announce)thattheblogpostedbythetrollcontainsmuchfalseinformation.10．Seeingthefamiliarpoetmadethegirlexcited(excite)．Shestillrememberedtheguidelinesgiven(give)byhim.Ⅲ.寫作增分練——提升語用能力(參考詞匯：新冠COVID-19；感染affect；傳染的infectious；抗擊battleagainst)1．在2020年初，武漢的醫(yī)生們發(fā)現(xiàn)很多人感染了一種傳染性疾病。(過去分詞短語作賓補)Atthebeginningof2020，doctorsinWuhanfoundmanypeopleaffectedwithaninfectiousdisease.2．當?shù)弥錆h需要援助時，許多醫(yī)護人員冒著生命危險志愿前往。(狀語從句的省略)WhenknowingWuhanwasinneedofhelp，manymedicalworkersvolunteeredtogothereattheriskoftheirlives.3．他們夜以繼日地工作，竭盡全力救助感染了新冠的病人。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)Theyworkeddayandnight，makingalleffortstosavethepatientsinfectedwithCOVID-19.4．由于采取了有效措施，武漢重新開始了呼吸。(with＋賓語＋賓補)Witheffectivemeasurestaken，Wuhanbegantobreatheagain.5．每個人都盡自己的最大努力抗擊疫情，所以中國恢復如此之快也就不足為奇了。(itisnotsurprisingthat...)Everyonetriedhisbesttobattleagainsttheepidemic，soitwasnotsurprisingthatChinarecoveredsosoon.請先從表格中選用本單元所學詞匯完成下列短文，然后核對答案并背誦該短文。(文中加波浪線的句子為本單元的語法項目：過去分詞作定語和賓補)eq\x(evidence，fascinating，charge，belongto，eager，greet，join，generous，surround)WhenstudyingintheUK，IwasnolongerpuzzledaboutwhenEnglandgotWales，ScotlandandIreland1.joinedtoitorwhenthesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeaway.Thefourcountries2.belongingtotheUKusethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence，buttheyhavedifferentlegalsystems.Isawmuch3.evidencethatshowedtheGreatBritainwasinvadedbytheRomans，theVikingsaswellastheNormans，wholefttheirso-c