考研考博-英語-四川體育職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川體育職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Aboutoneandahalfmillionyearsagotheclimateoftheworldbecamemuchcolder.ThisledtothecapsoficearoundtheNorthandSouth[A]Polesspreadingtocover[B]muchNorthAmericaandNorthernEurope.Suchperiodsofcoldclimatearecallediceages.Thewoollymammothlivedinnorthernpartsoftheworld[C]between300,000and100,000yearsago.ItwasafavouritepreyofStoneAgehunters,[D]whouseditscoatforclothes,andthemeatasfood.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Poles

B.much

C.between

D.who

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞用法。B選項(xiàng)much不能直接修飾地名，應(yīng)改為muchof。

2.單選題

Patientsusuallydescribethefeelingas_______andinsomecasesitcantriggerdepression.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distracting

B.distorting

C.distressing

D.disabling

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.distracting使人分心的B.distorting（v.）使變形，扭曲，使失真

C.distressing使人痛苦的，令人苦惱的D.disabling（v.）使喪失能力，使傷殘

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】橫線處形容thefeeling，結(jié)合itcantriggerdepression，可知這種感覺讓人感到極其不適，distressing符合語境，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)不符合語境。

【句意】患者通常描述這種感覺很痛苦，在某些情況下，這種感覺會(huì)引發(fā)抑郁。

3.單選題

Noneofusknowsthenameofthat（

）insect.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.funnylittlered

B.redlittlefunny

C.littlefunnyred

D.redfunnylittle

【答案】A

【解析】多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的順序?yàn)椋合薅ㄔ~（數(shù)量）；外觀；形狀（大小，高矮，肥瘦），年齡，顏色，國(guó)籍，材料，用途。所以只有選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.單選題

Theyneedtomovetonewandlargeapartments.Doyouknowofany（）onesinthis

area?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.evacuated

B.empty

C.vacant

D.vacate

【答案】C

【解析】近義詞辨析。句意：他們要到大的新公寓,需要的應(yīng)該是空房。empty和vacant都有“空”的意思，但區(qū)別在于emptyhouse表示完全不存在內(nèi)容物;vacanthouse是指可能有家具放著，但暫時(shí)無人居住的房子。因此,選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

5.單選題

Conversely,it（）thatapparentlysimilardomainsmakeradicallydifferentuseofthoseconstituentwordsandhencedemonstrateextremelydifferentcollocationalpatterns.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transpired

B.istranspired

C.maytranspire

D.maybetranspired

【答案】C

【解析】語法題。transpire在本題中作不及物動(dòng)詞，意思為“發(fā)生”，不及物動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。選項(xiàng)B和D可排除。又根據(jù)整個(gè)句子的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，所以謂語動(dòng)詞不需要用過去式，選項(xiàng)A可排除。根據(jù)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形，可知選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

Culturecannotbesimplyamatterofpolitics,ofcourse.[l]Politics,afterall,isconcernedwithinfluencingtheinstitutionsofthestateandtheseareoflimiteduseinaffectingtheculture.Noteventhetotalitarianstatehasbeenabletoachievetheculturalgoalsitsetitself,thedemocraticstateisanevenlesslikelyagentofculturalchange,andindeed,intheAmericantraditionofdemocracy,itshouldnotaimtobethat.Consequently,aculturalagendacannotbeapoliticalagendaonly.Itwillhavetobepursuedinmanydifferentinstitutions,mostimportantlyintheinstitutionsofcivilsociety.Allthesame,everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue,becauseofthewayinwhichtheimmensepowersofthestatehavebeenusedtopromotevariousideologicalpurposes.Thecourtshaveplayedaquitedeplorableroleinthis.[2]Notsurprisingly,thentouchofAmericanpoliticsinrecentdecadeshasbeenovertheso-called"social"or"values"issues,whichineffectareculturalissues.Thatis,theseissueshaveinvolvedconflictsoverthequestionsofwhoweareandhowwearetolivetogether.

[3]Thedynamicsofthetwo-partysystemhasbeenveryunhelpfulinthesearchforviablepositionsonthemiddleground.[4]Sincetheearlynineteen-seventiestheDemocraticPartyhasalmostcompletelyidentifieditselfwiththeagendaoftheculturalLeft(considerablylesssowithotherLeftpositions,suchasthoseoneconomicorforeignpolicy).Giventheimportanceofhighlyorganizedpressuregroups,especiallyintheprimaryprocess,thecaptivityoftheDemocraticPartytothecultureof"thesixties"hasbeenmassive.TheRepublicanpictureishardlymoreencouraging.Anincreasinglyvocalsegmentofthatparty'sconstituencyhastakenradicallyanti-"progressive"positionsontheculturalissues.Andagain,thesegroupshavehadaninfluencefarbeyondtheirnumericalstrengthbecauseoftheirstrategicroleinthemechanicsofelections,especiallyontileprimarylevel.[5]Consequently,individualstakinglessthan"politicallycorrect"positions,asdefinedbytherespectiveorthodoxies,havefoundthemselvestobepariahsineitherparty.ItissafetoassumethatbothDemocraticandRepublicanleadershavecateredtothesepolarizedgroupingsinamoreorlesscynicalmanner.[6]Thus,forinstance,traditionallyDemocraticlaborofficialsarenotverycrediblewhentheyexpressenthusiasmforgayrights,neitherare"country-club"Republicanswhentheyvoiceoutrageoverabortionorthedeclineofsexualmorality.

1.Accordingtothepassage,“everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue”owingtothefactthat______.

2.Theauthordeemsthat______.

3.Allofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwo-partysystemareimpliedinthepassageEXCEPTthat______.

4.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

5.Theword"credible"inthelastsentenceprobablymeans______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.culturesimplyexpressesitselfasamatterofpolitics

B.cultureplaysdifferentrolesindifferentstates

C.politicalpartiesusecultureasatooltopromotetheirideologies

D.politicianssetculturalgoalsandthuschangecultureattheirpleasure

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Americancourts,ineffect,servethepurposeofdemocracy

B."social"or"value"issuesinrecentdecadesarenomorethancultureissues

C.cultureinfluencestheinstitutionsofthestate

D.aculturalagendasimplyreflectstheaimsofthecurrentadministration

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.neitherpartyobjectivelystandsonthemiddlegroundonculturalissues

B.eitherpartyrejectsthosewhoholddifferentpoliticalviewpoints

C.theRepublicanPartyhasbeenidentifiedastheright-wingparty

D.bothDemocratic'andRepublicanleadersarehypocriticalinpromotingculturalprogress

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theoperationofthetwo-partysystem

B.cultureinapoliticalsense

C.cultureindifferentinstitutions

D.culturalagendaofdietwoparties

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.deservingtobebelieved

B.deservingpraiseorapproval

C.capableofbeingrealized

D.capableofbeingrespected

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“Allthesame,everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue,becauseofthewayinwhichtheimmensepowersofthestatehavebeenusedtopromotevariousideologicalpurposes.”因?yàn)閲?guó)家的巨大權(quán)力被用來促進(jìn)各種意識(shí)形態(tài)的目的。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第一段“Thecourtshaveplayedaquitedeplorableroleinthis.”選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第三句“...theso-called"social"or"values"issues,whichineffectareculturalissues.”不僅僅是文化問題,所以選項(xiàng)B也錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)C符合原文,選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有提及。

3.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Thedynamicsofthetwo-partysystemhasbeenveryunhelpfulinthesearchforviablepositionsonthemiddleground.”可知選項(xiàng)A正確；根據(jù)第二段“Consequently,individualstakinglessthan"politicallycorrect"positions,asdefinedbytherespectiveorthodoxies,havefoundthemselvestobepariahsineitherparty.”可知選項(xiàng)B正確；根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第二句“ItissafetoassumethatbothDemocraticandRepublicanleadershavecateredtothesepolarizedgroupingsinamoreorlesscynicalmanner.”可知選項(xiàng)D正確,只要選項(xiàng)C在文中未提及。

4.根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知。本文的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞是政治和文化,所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.credible指值得被相信的,選項(xiàng)A正確。

7.單選題

Beforepolicecouldstopthedrink-crazeddriver,hehadcrashed______anothercarandsentsixpersonstothehospital.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.out

B.against

C.into

D.on

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。crashout表示“（因極度困倦或醉酒而）入睡，睡覺”；crashagainst表示“碰撞（常發(fā)出巨大的聲響或造成破壞）”，against指對(duì)立；crashinto“撞上，墜毀”，into指進(jìn)去；haveacrushonsb,表示“喜歡某人”，為固定搭配。根據(jù)thedrink-crazeddriver與anothercar可知C選項(xiàng)符合語義。句意：在警察還沒來得及制止酒后駕車的司機(jī)，他就撞上了另一輛車，并使六個(gè)人送往醫(yī)院。

8.單選題

Apowerfailurecreated____intransportation,sothepolicehadtoengageinhandlingwiththeconfusion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emergency

B.emergence

C.extension

D.enclosure

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.emergency緊急情況；突發(fā)事件B.emergence出現(xiàn)；興起

C.extension延伸D.enclosure圍場(chǎng)；附件

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接與形近詞辨析

【解題思路】空格所在部分語義為“由于停電，交通系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)了‘____’”，根據(jù)后文“因此警方不得不介入處理這一混亂局面（confusion）”推測(cè)，交通系統(tǒng)因?yàn)橥ｋ姵霈F(xiàn)了混亂，空格處所填詞與“停電導(dǎo)致交通系統(tǒng)混亂”對(duì)應(yīng)，A選項(xiàng)“緊急情況；突發(fā)事件”最符合原句語義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)emergence“出現(xiàn)；興起”，為emergency的形近詞，但不符合原句語義銜接；

C選項(xiàng)extension“延伸”，不符合原句語義銜接；

D選項(xiàng)enclosure“圍場(chǎng)；附件”，不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】由于停電，交通出現(xiàn)了緊急情況，警察不得不出面處理混亂局面。

9.單選題

Sometimesitcanbeshownthatthetissuenotonlylookshomogeneous,butactuallyisso,because,ifthetissueiscutinhalf,eachhalfwillregulatetogiverisetothesamepatternaswouldotherwisehavebeenproducedbythewhole.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.create

B.occur

C.emerge

D.deteriorate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)create“創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作；造成”；B選項(xiàng)occur“發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；存在”；C選項(xiàng)emerge“浮現(xiàn)；擺脫；暴露”；D選項(xiàng)deteriorate“惡化，變壞”。句意：可以證明，組織不僅看起來是均勻的，而且實(shí)際上是均勻的，因?yàn)槿绻M織被切成兩半，每一半將調(diào)節(jié)以產(chǎn)生與整體相同的圖案。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞giveriseto“造成；引起；導(dǎo)致”，得知A為正確答案。

10.單選題

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Indulginginseekingleisureandmaterialcomfort.

B.Attachingtoomuchimportancetoindependence.

C.Failingtocareforparentsinthetraditionalway.

D.Leavingtheirparentsonthevergeofstarvation.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavegreatdifficultylivingbythemselves.

B.Theyhavelittlehopeofgettinganyfamilycare.

C.Theyhavefondmemoriesoftheirgoodolddays.

D.Theyhaveasenseofindependenceandautonomy.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Peopleinmanypartsoftheworldpreferredsmall-sizefamilies.

B.Therehavebeenextendedfamiliesinmostpartsoftheworld.

C.Manyelderlypeoplewereunwillingtotakecareoftheirgrandchildren.

D.SomanyyoungAmericansrefusedtolivetogetherwiththeirparents.25.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Leavetheiryoungergenerationsalone.

B.Avoidbeingaburdentotheirchildren.

C.Stayhealthybyengaginginjoyfulactivities.

D.Viewthingsfromtheirchildren’sperspective.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】RecordingThree

Iwouldlikeparticularlytotalkabouttheneedtodevelopanewstyleofaginginourownsociety.[22]Youngpeopleinthiscountryhavebeenaccusedofnotcaringfortheirparentsthewaytheywouldhaveintheoldcountry.Andthisistrue.[23]ButitisalsotruethatoldpeoplehavebeeninfluencedbyanAmericanidealofindependenceandautonomy.So,welivealone,perhapsonthevergeofstarvationintimewithoutfriends.Butweareindependent.ThisstandardAmericanstylehasbeenforcedoneveryethnicgroup,althoughtherearemanygroupsforwhomtheidealisnotpractical.Itisapooridealandpursuingitdoesagreatdealofharm.Thisidealofindependencealsocontainsatremendousamountofunselfishness.

Intalkingtotoday’syoungmothers,Ihaveaskedthemwhatkindofgrandmotherstheythinktheyaregoingtobe.Iheardevotedlovingmotherssaythatwhentheyarethroughraisingtheirchildren,theyhavenointentionofbecominggrandmothers.[24]They’reastonishedtohearthatinmostoftheworld,throughoutmostofitshistory,familieshavebeenthree-orfour-generationfamilies,livingunderthesameroof.Wehaveoveremphasizedthesmallfamilyunit—father,mother,smallchildren.Wethinkitiswonderfulifgrandmaandgrandpa,ifthey’restillalive,canlivealone.Wehavereachedthepointwherewethinktheonlythingwecandoforourchildrenistostayoutoftheirway.Andtheonlythingwecandoforourdaughter-in-lawistoseeaslittleofheraspossible.Oldpeople’snursinghomes,eventhebestone,arefilledwitholderpeoplewhobelievetheonlythingtheycandofortheirchildrenistolookcheerfulwhentheycometovisit.[25]Sointheend,olderpeoplehavetodevotealltheirenergiestonotbeingaburden.

Wearebeginningtoseewhatatremendouspricewe’vepaidforouremphasisonindependenceandautonomy.We’veisolatedoldpeopleandwe’vecutoffthechildrenfromtheirgrandparents.Oneofthereasonswehaveasbadagenerationgaptodayaswedoisthatgrandparentshavesteppedout.Youngpeoplearebeingdeprivedofthethingtheyneedmost—perspective—toknowwhytheirparentsbehavesopeculiarlyandwhytheirgrandparentssaythethingstheydo.

22.WhathaveyoungAmericansbeenaccusedof?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問美國(guó)的年輕人被指責(zé)什么？錄音開頭提到，美國(guó)的年輕人被指責(zé)沒有像過去一樣照顧他們的父母（notcaringfortheirparentsthewaytheywouldhaveintheoldcountry），C選項(xiàng)“沒有按照以往的傳統(tǒng)來照顧父母”是錄音原文的同義表述，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“沉溺于追求休閑和物質(zhì)上的舒適”在錄音中并未提及；B選項(xiàng)“過分注重獨(dú)立”，利用錄音中的independence設(shè)置干擾，錄音中說的是美國(guó)的老年人深受獨(dú)立自主的理想的影響，并沒有提及年輕人過分注重獨(dú)立，因此可排除；D選項(xiàng)“讓他們的父母食不果腹”，利用錄音中的onthevergeofstarvation設(shè)置干擾，錄音說的是老年人因深受獨(dú)立思想的影響，選擇自己獨(dú)自生活，以致可能挨餓，生病時(shí)身邊沒有朋友。父母食不果腹并不是年輕人造成的，因此D選項(xiàng)不正確。

23.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutoldpeopleintheUnitedStates?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問的是說話人對(duì)美國(guó)的老年人的看法。錄音中提到，美國(guó)的老年人確實(shí)深受獨(dú)立自主的理想的影響（influencedbyanAmericanidealofindependenceandautonomy），D選項(xiàng)“他們有獨(dú)立和自主的意識(shí)”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們獨(dú)自生活有很大的困難”，錄音中只是提及他們（老年人）可能會(huì)挨餓，生病時(shí)身邊沒有朋友，但并沒有說這是很大的困難，因此可排除；B選項(xiàng)“他們幾乎沒有希望得到任何家人的照顧”和C選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)過去的日子有著美好的回憶”在錄音中沒有信息提及，因此不選。

24.Whatisastonishingtotheyoungmothersinterviewedbythespeaker?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問說話人采訪的年輕媽媽們對(duì)什么感到驚訝？錄音中提到，她們驚訝的是，世界上大多數(shù)地方的人們，在歷史上多數(shù)時(shí)期里都是三、四代人生活在同一個(gè)屋檐下，B選項(xiàng)“世界上大多數(shù)地方都有大家庭”與錄音原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“世界上許多地方的人都更喜歡小家庭”很明顯與錄音原文表述相反，所以不正確；C選項(xiàng)“許多老人不愿意照顧他們的子孫”和D選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)太多的年輕人拒絕和他們的父母生活在一起”在錄音中沒有信息提及，所以排除。

25.Whatdoesthespeakersayolderpeopletrytheirbesttodo?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問老年人盡力做什么？錄音中提到，老年人相信他們能為孩子做的唯一的事情就是當(dāng)孩子來看望他們時(shí)，盡量表現(xiàn)得快樂，把所有的精力都用來避免成為一個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)（notbeingaburden），因此B選項(xiàng)“避免成為子女的負(fù)擔(dān)”符合錄音原文表述，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“不打擾他們的年輕一代”；C選項(xiàng)“參與快樂的活動(dòng)以維持身體健康”和D項(xiàng)“站在孩子們的角度看待事情”在錄音中均沒有提及，因此排除。

11.單選題

Thisweektentopdesignerswill______theirautumncollectionsatthefashionfair.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enhance

B.lubricate

C.hustle

D.unveil

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)enhance“提高；加強(qiáng)；增加”；B選項(xiàng)lubricate“潤(rùn)滑；涂油；起潤(rùn)滑劑作用；使……潤(rùn)滑；給……加潤(rùn)滑油”；C選項(xiàng)hustle“推搡；強(qiáng)力將（某人往特定方向）趕；努力干；奮力前行；（粗暴地）取得；兜售；偷竊；拉客”；D選項(xiàng)unveil“使公之于眾，揭開；揭幕；除去面紗；顯露”。句意：本周，十位頂級(jí)設(shè)計(jì)師將在時(shí)裝博覽會(huì)上揭示他們的秋季作品集。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

（）isoneofthemostusefulandfascinatingdivisionsofhumanknowledgeiswidelyaccepted.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thatmathematics

B.Whatmathematics

C.Wheremathematics

D.Mathematics

【答案】A

【解析】考查主語從句。_______isoneofthemostusefulandfascinatingdivisionsofhumanknowledge充當(dāng)主句的主語，選項(xiàng)中的mathematics是主語從句的主語。所以前面的主語從句完整不缺成分，只有that引導(dǎo)主語從句，在主語從句中不做成分，且不能省略。句意：數(shù)學(xué)是人類知識(shí)中最有用、最迷人的部分之一，這一點(diǎn)已被廣泛接受。所以本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

Satellitecommunicationsaresoup-to-datethatevenwhen（

）inthemiddleofthePacific,businessmancancontacttheirofficesasiftheywerenextdoor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gliding

B.cruising

C.piloting

D.patrolling

【答案】B

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞（ing形式）詞義辨析。Gliding“滑動(dòng)，掠過”；cruising“航行（海上）”；piloting“航行（空中）”；patrolling“巡邏，巡查”。句意：衛(wèi)星通訊是如此與時(shí)俱進(jìn)以致于商人們即使在太平洋上航行都可以與辦公室職員聯(lián)系，就如同他們就在隔壁。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

14.單選題

Withoutdepartingfromthefundamentallawsoftheselfishgene,wecanseehowcooperationandmutualassistancecan___eveninabasicallyselfishworlD.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flourish

B.flutter

C.fluctuate

D.flush

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)flourish“繁榮，茂盛；茁壯成長(zhǎng)，處于旺盛時(shí)期；揮舞；炫耀”；B選項(xiàng)flutter“飄動(dòng)；（鳥或昆蟲）鼓翼；飛來飛去；（心臟等）怦怦亂跳；（人）奔忙”；C選項(xiàng)fluctuate“波動(dòng)；漲落；動(dòng)搖”；D選項(xiàng)flush“發(fā)紅；使發(fā)光；因……興奮；沖洗，沖掉；把……趕出隱藏地；使暴露；綻出新芽；嵌平”。句意：在不違背自私基因的基本規(guī)律的情況下，我們可以看到即使在一個(gè)基本自私的世界里，合作和互助也是可以繁榮發(fā)展的。結(jié)合句意，A為正確答案。

15.單選題

PerhapsthebestWashingtoncandoistoremindtheKremlinofthelikelygeopoliticalrepercussionsofanaggressive,nucleararmedIran.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insatiabation

B.replication

C.ionization

D.reverberation

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)insatiabation不存在；B選項(xiàng)replication“復(fù)制；回答”；C選項(xiàng)ionization“電離；游離；離子化；電離作用”；D選項(xiàng)reverberation“混響；反射；反響；回響”。句意：或許華盛頓能做的最好的事情就是提醒克里姆林宮，一個(gè)咄咄逼人、擁有核武器的伊朗可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生地緣政治影響。repercussions“反響，影響”，D選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Thegangderivedtheirnicknamefromtheirdarkclothingandblackedupfacesfornocturnalraidsintheforest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.illegal

B.night-time

C.brutal

D.abusive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“非法的，違法的”；B選項(xiàng)“夜間，夜晚”；C選項(xiàng)“殘忍的，野蠻的”；D選項(xiàng)“辱罵的，濫用的”；題干nocturnal“夜的，夜間的”，句意：這伙人的綽號(hào)來源于他們夜間在森林里襲擊時(shí)穿的深色衣服和涂黑的臉。因此B選項(xiàng)最符合題意。

17.單選題

Simplysurvivingthoseoceancrossingsofindeterminatelength,inopencanoes,toarriveontheshoresofuninhabitedandhithertounknownislands,wasaformidableachievement.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.undecided

B.uncertain

C.unacceptable

D.increasing

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)undecided“未定的，未決定的”，B項(xiàng)uncertain“無把握的，多變的，不確定的”，C項(xiàng)unacceptable“不能接受的，不受歡迎的”，D項(xiàng)increasing“越來越多的，漸增的”。句意：僅僅是乘著獨(dú)木舟在漫長(zhǎng)的海上航行中幸存下來，到達(dá)無人居住的、無人知道的島嶼的海岸，就是一項(xiàng)了不起的成就。indeterminate在句中表示“不確定的”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是B項(xiàng)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

18.翻譯題

Forthoseplayingthegameofscience,themethodbywhichtheyascertainwhattheybelieveiscrucial.Theyhavetoevaluatedataandargumentsanddecideforthemselvesontheirvalidity.Scientistscommunicatingtoothershavethetaskofconvincingthehearersofthevalidityoftheirstatementsintermsofthedataandtheirexplanationsofthedata.Theyarenotplayingthegamecorrectlyiftheywinsupportbythestrengthoftheirpersonalityorprestige.Intheshortrunscientistsmayfollowanotheronthebasisofprestige,butthiscannotcontinueindefinitely.Itisuptothehearerstoevaluatewhatthescientistssayratherthanacceptitbecausetheysayit.Andtheculminationofthisenterpriseisthedeterminationofwhethertheexplanationsaccountforthedataobserved.Therelationshipbetweenscientificexplanationsanddatahelpstoensuretheintegrityofscientists.Iftheirfindingsareimportant,theycanbesurethattheirtheoriesanddatawillbeexaminedcriticallyandnewevidencewillbeattained.

Itisthesystemofdata-basedexplanationthatdistinguishessciencefromdogma.Scientistshaveboththerightandtheresponsibilitytodecideforthemselves,onthebasisofevidenceathand,thebestexplanationofasetofphenomena.Ontheotherhand,dogma(religious,economic,politicalorsocial)dependsonpronouncementsbyestablishedauthorities.

【答案】對(duì)于從事科學(xué)研究的那些人來說，確認(rèn)他們所相信的東西而所使用的方法是至關(guān)重要的。他們不得不評(píng)估數(shù)據(jù)和論據(jù)，并自己確定它們的正確性。與他人進(jìn)行交流的科學(xué)家們有必要依據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)和他們對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的解釋，去讓聽者相信他們的陳述的正確性。如果他們通過自己的品格或威望而獲得支持，那么他們就不是在正確地從事科學(xué)。從短期來看，盡管科學(xué)家們可能基于威望而追隨另外一個(gè)人，但是這種追隨不能無限期地延續(xù)。聽者應(yīng)該去評(píng)估科學(xué)家所說的，而不是因?yàn)槭撬麄兯f的就相信?？茖W(xué)這項(xiàng)事業(yè)的頂峰是確定解釋是否能說明所觀察到的數(shù)據(jù)?？茖W(xué)解釋與數(shù)據(jù)之間的關(guān)系幫助確?？茖W(xué)家們的誠(chéng)實(shí)。如果他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)是重要的，他們可以確信他們的理論和數(shù)據(jù)將被批判性地檢驗(yàn)，并獲得新的證據(jù)。

正是基于數(shù)據(jù)的解釋體系將科學(xué)與教條區(qū)分開來。根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的證據(jù)，科學(xué)家有權(quán)利也有責(zé)任為自己決定對(duì)一系列現(xiàn)象的最佳解釋。另一方面，教條（宗教、經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治或社會(huì)）依賴于已確立的權(quán)威所做的聲明。

19.單選題

BillGatesisnottheonlyAmericanentrepreneurwithbusinessplantosavetheworld.D.Therearethousands.ConsiderSteveKirsch,whohadjustturned35whenhehadeveiythingeverythinghecouldwant.Adobe,thesoftwaregiant,hadjustpurchasedoneofhisstartups,Eframe.,ThesalemadeKirschveryrich,withashareinaprivatejet,anestateinCalifornia’sLosAltosHillsandaburningquestion:whattodowiththerestofa$50millionfortune?Afterafewyearsofdolingoutmoneytotraditionalcharities—hisalmamater,theUnitedWay—Kirschgotambitious.Hesetuphisownfoundationtobenefit“everyone”,fundingresearchoneverythingfromcancertonear-earthobjects."“Itisguaranteedthatwewillbehitbyanasteroidsometimeinthefuture,，”perhaps“beforeweendthisphoneconversation.”Kirschexplains.“Itwouldcostseveralbillionlives,andwecansavethoselivesfor$50million,whichislessthanthecostofaprivatejet.Icallitenlightenedself-interest.”

Americanphilanthropyisn’twhatitusedtobe.Gonearethedayswhenoldmoneywasdoledoutbybureaucratsfrommahogany-paneledrooms.Morepeoplearegivingoutmoremoneythaneverbefore,atmuchyoungerages,andtoamuchwidervarietyofcauses.In1980s,RonaldReagan’scallforprivatecharitytoreplacegovernmentlargessewasgreetedwithhootsofliberalderision—andanoutbreakofgiving.Thenumberofprivatefoundationsrosefrom22,000in1980to55,000today.Theynowdoleoutabout$23.3billionayear,a700percentincreasesince1980.Andmanyaretheoffspringofcapitalists,whobringthelanguageofbusinesstocharity.VanessaKirsch,presidentandfounderoftheentrepreneurialcharityNewProfitInc.,says,“There’sthisnewbreedofsocialentrepreneurscomingoutofHarvardBusinessSchoolorfaileddot-coms,andthey’resaying,'‘Iwanttomakebigthingshappen.’”’’

Theiroutlookisincreasinglyglobal,intheGatesmold.D.Theshareoffundingthatthe1,000largestfoundationsdevotetointeractionalcausesjumpedfrom11.3percentin1999to16.3percentin2000.AndwhiletheU.S,governmentisoftencriticizedforstingyforeignaid(wellunder1percentofGNPeachyear),thesamecan’tbesaidofprivatedonors,whonowgiveaway2.1percentofU.S.GNPeachyear.“NonationcomesevenremotelyclosetotheU.S.onthesethings,”saysScottWalkerofthePhilanthropyRoundtable.“Ifyou’reinSwedenorFrance,it’ssomethingthegovernmentissupposedtodo.IfyouwereinEngland,itisthenobility.Americansdon’tthinkit’senoughtosay,‘Igaveattheofficewithtaxes.’”’’

Tobesure,businessandphilanthropyareoldbedfellowsintheUnitedStates.TheRockefellers,theCarnegiesandtheFordssetthemold.D.ButmanywerewhatMarkDowie,authorof“AmericanFoundations:AnInvestigativeHistory,，”calls“s.o.b.B.s”—patronsof“symphonies,operas,ballets,”and“museumsandhospitalswhererichpeoplegotodie.”Thenewfoundationsaremorelike“quasi-publictrusts—progressiveinstitutionsofchange,”arguesDowie.

ThenewmoversandshakersofAmericancharityaremorelikelytobeflashyTVtitanslikeTedTurner.ThestoryofhowTurnergaveawayabillionisafoundinglegendofthisclass.InacabonhiswaytomakeaspeechattheUnitedNations,thecabletitan,sickofofficialU.S.reluctancetopayU.N.dues,decidedtoponyupI$1billionhimself.ThisshamedWashingtonandinspiredimitators.“Itisalotmorepersonality-orientedinthiscultureofnewwealth.,”saysEllenDadisman,vicepresidentoftheCouncilonFoundations.“It’ssortoflikewealthmeetsPeoplemagazine.”

InSiliconValley,thenewfashioniscalled“venturephilanthropy”,Accordingtoonesurvey,

83percentofvalleyhouseholdsgivetocharity,comparedwith69percentnationally.Buttheypreferto“invest”,not“give”.Andtoattract“investors”,fund-raiserspromisehands-onmanagementofthenonprofitstheysupport.Theydemandseatsontheboard,setperformancegoalsandplananexitstrategyincaseexpectationsaren’tmet.“Traditionally,foundationshavenotbeenasinvasive,”saysDadisman.“Theydidn’tgotothenonprofitandsay,‘Howmuchareyoupayingforrent?Whyareyouusingtheseold-fashionedcomputers?’”Itmaybeinvasive,butifitworks,itcouldhelpsavetheworld.D.Evenfromasteroids.

1.WhydoestheauthorintroducesomeAmericanmillionairesatthebeginningofthepassage?

2.TheauthormentionsRonaldReagan’scallforprivatecharitytoreplacegovernmentlargessas______.

3.Theexpression“whobringthelanguageofbusinesstocharity”fromthesentence“Andmanyaretheoffspringofcapitalists,whobringthelanguageofbusinesstocharity.”(Para.A.2)means______.

4.WhichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromScottWalker’scomment(Para.A.3)?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TointroducetherapidgrowthofAmericanmillionaires

B.Toshowhowtheybecomemillionaires

C.Todisplaytherelationshipbetweenbusinessandphilanthropy

D.Toexplaintheirchangingattitudetowardscharities

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.RonaldReaganwasthethenAmericanPresident

B.hiscallwasseverelycriticizedbythepublic

C.RonaldReaganfirstunderstoodthesignificanceofprivatefoundations

D.hiscallreceivedmixedresponsesbutpointedthewayforphilanthropy

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.whoruncharitiesinthesamewayastheyrunbusinesses

B.whoupholdtheprinciplesofbusinessinmanagingcharities

C.whomanagethemoneytheysendtocharities

D.whothinkphilanthropistsshouldreceivetraining

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.CharitiesinEuropeancountriesarerunbythegovernmentaldepartment

B.AmericashouldearnestlylearnthepracticeofcharityfromFranceandSweden

C.EuropeancountriesshouldlearnfromAmericancharity

D.TheconceptofAmericancharityisdifferentfromthatofEuropeanones

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Charitieswillbecomeprofitablebusinessesinthefuture

B.MorepeopleinSiliconValleygivemoneytocharity

C.Managementofcharitiesisrequiredtoundergochanges

D.Foundationsarebeginningtocheckhowthecharitiesarerunning

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章主要講述了很多億萬富翁投身于慈善事業(yè)，開啟了慈善事業(yè)的新的模式，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段提到里根呼吁用私人慈善機(jī)構(gòu)來取代政府的捐贈(zèng)引起了自由派的嘲笑和捐贈(zèng)狂潮（In1980s,RonaldReagan’scallforprivatecharitytoreplacegovernmentlargessewasgreetedwithhootsofliberalderision—andanoutbreakofgiving），由此可知對(duì)他的做法褒貶不一，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第二段提到里根呼吁私人慈善機(jī)構(gòu)代替政府捐贈(zèng)之后，捐贈(zèng)狂潮涌現(xiàn)，他們很多都是資本家的后代，把商業(yè)的語言帶入了慈善事業(yè)（Andmanyaretheoffspringofcapitalists,whobringthelanguageofbusinesstocharity），根據(jù)后文都是在講述如何將商業(yè)的規(guī)則用于慈善事業(yè)，因此可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到ScottWalker的觀點(diǎn)，他認(rèn)為美國(guó)的私人慈善是其他國(guó)家無法比擬的，其他國(guó)家的慈善都是國(guó)家負(fù)責(zé)（“NonationcomesevenremotelyclosetotheU.S.onthesethings,”saysScottWalkerofthePhilanthropyRoundtable.“Ifyou’reinSwedenorFrance,it’ssomethingthegovernmentissupposedtodo…），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意，美國(guó)慈善的概念與歐洲其他國(guó)家的不同。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段提到基金會(huì)并沒有侵略性，換句話說，基金會(huì)不會(huì)不干涉慈善的運(yùn)作（“Traditionally,foundationshavenotbeenasinvasive,”saysDadisman.“Theydidn’tgotothenonprofitandsay,‘Howmuchareyoupayingforrent?Whyareyouusingtheseold-fashionedcomputers?’”），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

20.單選題

Well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?EverywhereyougoinAmerica,youheartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheypresidingoverisforreal.

Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,productivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1997.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageduringthepreviousdecade.Andsince2001,productivityhasincreasedby2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe1988-1997average.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.Thereis,asthetreasurysecretarysays,a“disjunction”betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.

Someofthiscanbeeasilyexplained.Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy,whichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentineducationandtraining.Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.

Twootherexplanationsaremorespeculative.First,someofthebusinessrestr