高中英語語法非謂語動詞課件

非謂語動詞不定式(todo）否定(nottodo)V-ing（doing）否定(notdoing)過去分詞（done）否定(notdone)在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語動詞以外的各種句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞有三種：Iwant

toreadabookwritten

bythewomanliving

there.謂語非謂語動詞

主語賓語定語表語補語狀語Todo動名詞

現(xiàn)在分詞V-ed非謂語動詞功能表不定式在句子中可以充當(dāng)哪些成分？1、作主語Torunisagoodhabit.(=Itisagoodhabittorun.)2、作表語Ourplanistobuildabridgeovertheriver.3、作賓語Iwanttobuy

adictionary.4、作定語Hehasachancetogoabroad.

5、作狀語

Tofinishthework,hehadtogetupearly.6、作補語Iaskustohelphim.1、表語Heissellingnewspapers.2、定語Thedancingmanismyuncle.現(xiàn)在分詞在句子當(dāng)中可以充當(dāng)哪些成分？3補語Hekeptmewaitingsolong.4狀語Walkinginthestreet,Imetmyteacher.過去分詞在句子當(dāng)中可以充當(dāng)哪些成分？1、定語

Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltinthe1980s.2、表語Theshopisclosed.3、補語Shefoundherglassstolen.4、狀語Seen

fromthespace,theearthlooksblue.非謂語動詞的形式主動態(tài)被動態(tài)一般式todo

tobedone進行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成進行式tohavebeendoing過去分詞done

現(xiàn)在分詞/動名詞主動態(tài)

被動態(tài)一般式doing

beingdone

完成式havingdonehavingbeendone動詞不定式動詞不定式的形式Johnsaidthathehadruninordertocatchthebus.（一般式的主動態(tài)）

Hehatedtobemisunderstoodbyothers.(一般式的被動態(tài))

Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.(進行式)

Heintendedtohavetoldyouthat.(完成式主動態(tài))

Thisworkofartseemedtohavebeencreatedlong

ago.(完成式的被動態(tài))

We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成進行式)過去分詞的形式

Seenfromthespace,theearthisfilledwithwater.

Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.Anoldmanentered,supportedbyagirl.Hehurriedtogethome,onlytofindhishousebrokeninto.Allthebrokenwindowshavebeenrepaired.Thebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.Sheiswelldressed.加不定式作賓語的動詞：

agree,attempt,expect,decide,seem,intend,try,refuse,manage,fail,mean,pretend,promise,offer,learn,plan,help,hope,prepare,choose,wishwant,determine,wouldlike等。

Hemanagedtopasstheexam.

Hepromisedtobehereatnine.

Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere.

有些動詞既可接動名詞又可接動詞不定式作賓語，但有差別

1）forgettodo忘記要去做某事（此事未做）

forgetdoing忘記做過某事（此事已做過或已發(fā)生）

2）stoptodo停止正在做的事，去做另一件事

stopdoing停止正在做的事

3）remembertodo記得要去做某事（未做）

rememberdoing記得做過某事(已做)

4)regrettodo

遺憾要去做某事

regretdoing后悔做過某事

5）trytodo盡力做某事

trydoing試著做某事

6)meantodo打算做某事

meandoing意味著做某事

7）goontodo繼續(xù)做（另外一件事）

goondoing繼續(xù)做（原先沒有做完的事情）

不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別不定式表示即將發(fā)生。Thebuildingtobecompletednextmonthisourlibrary.動名詞表示功能。

Theoldmanboughtawalkingstick.現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動或正在進行。

Chinaisadevelopingcountry.過去分詞表示被動或完成.Thebrokencupismyaunt’s.不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做狀語的區(qū)別不定式作狀語一般表目的或結(jié)果:Theystudiedhardtogethighmarks．(目的)Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhasleft．(結(jié)果)

現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語一般表伴隨或結(jié)果Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan．(伴隨)Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,makingitthemostfamoussportsintheworld.過去分詞作狀語一般表被動或完成Thepopsinger,followedbytwobodyguards,cametomeethisfans.

不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做賓補的區(qū)別使役動詞及感官動詞let,make,have,leave,feel,hear,see,watch,observe,notice等

動詞不定式表動作的全過程,賓語與動詞不定式是主動關(guān)系Heheardsomeonesingasonginthenextroom.現(xiàn)在分詞說明賓語的動作正在進行，賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞是主動關(guān)系Heheardsomeonesinginginthenextroom.過去分詞說明賓語與過去分詞是被動關(guān)系Heheardthesongsunginthenextroom.動名詞和不定式在意義上的區(qū)別：動名詞表示一般性、習(xí)慣性、抽象性的動作；不定式表示具體的或一次性的動作，也可表示將來的動作。IlikeswimmingbutIdon’tliketoswiminthepooltoday．注意問題：1疑問詞who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語:

Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.

(主語)

Idon’tknowwhattodo．我不知道該怎么辦。(賓語)Thedifficultywashowtocrosstheriver．

(表語)

2非謂語動詞中的句型

1)Itis+nouse/nogood/awasteoftime+doingsth.

Itisnousecrying.哭沒有用。2)Thereisnoneedtodosth.做某事沒有必要

Thereisnoneedtocopythereadingmaterial.

3)在want,need,require等動詞后,常用動名詞的主動形式表示被動的意思，必須物作主語。例如：

Myhairneedscutting.(=Myhairneedstobecut.)Exercise1).Itremains_____whetherJimwillbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.seenB.tobeseenC.seeingD.tosee2.)Pleaseremain_________untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.[2007山東卷]A．toseatB．tobeseatedC．seatingD．seated

3）—Thelastone__________________paysthemeal.—Agreed![2007全國卷I]A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving4)Thebridge____nextyearwillnotbeverylong.A.beingbuiltB.buildingC.builtD.tobebuilt5)Sofar,shehasn’tgotachair____.AtositBsittingC.tositinD.forsitting6)—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh,yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted______hisadvice![2007安徽卷]A.totakeB.takingC.nottotakeD.nottaking11.Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not_________,andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.[2007湖南卷]A.movedBmovingC.tomoveD.beingmoved12.

thesafetyofgas,thegovernmenthascheckedthecity’sgassupplysystemthoroughly.[2007上海春]A．ToensureB．Ensuring C．Havingensured. D．Tohaveensured13.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthere_____foraspaceflight.[2007江西卷]A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained14.______byagreaterdemandofvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.[2007浙江卷]DrivenB.BeingdrivenC.TodriveD.Havingdriven15.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_______fortheday.[2007重慶卷]finishingB.finishedC.hadfinished D.werefinished16.___manytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.ThoughhehadbeentoldBHavingbeentoldCHavingtoldD.Hehadbeentold17.Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless________everyday.[2007四川卷]wateredB.wateringC.waterD.towater18.Hehurriedtotheshop,only____itisclosed.findingB.tofindC.foundD.havingfound19.Helefthomewithoutaword,thus___h