2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)沖刺卷(全國(guó)卷)

202220222022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（全國(guó)乙卷）英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：上。題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。30做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)5AB、C10的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.19.15.B.9.18.C.9.15.答案是C。Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?Havebreakfast.B.Takeawalk.C.Calloffice.WhatwasGeorgedoinglastnight?Havingameeting.Flyinghome.Workingonaproject.Whydoesthemansuggestgoingtothepark?It’sbig.B.It’squiet.C.It’snew.Howdoesthewomansound?Annoyed.B.Pleased.C.Puzzled.Whereistheman’stable?Nearthedoor.B.Bythewindow.C.Inthecorner.151.522.5聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給5667Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotonight?Eatout.B.Goshopping.C.Dosports.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?Bossandsecretary.B.Hostessandguest.C.Husbandandwife.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。WhydoesthewomanthinkJulyisthebesttimemove?Theirbusinessisslow.Theweatherisfavorable.C.It’seasytohirepeople.9.Howwilltheyhandlethemoving?A.Finishitallatonce.B.Havethesalessectiongofirst.C.Doonedepartmentatatime.81012WhatdidPeterlearnfromhisgrandfather?A.Howtoappreciateartworks.B.Howtodealwithartists.C.Howtorunamuseum.WhatdidPeterdoinChicago?Hestudiedatacollege.Heservedinthearmy.Heworkedinagallery.WhoseworksdidPeterlikebest?A.Rembrandt’s.B.Botticelli’s.C.Rubens’.91316Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atalibrary.B.Inalawfirm.C.Onatrain.BywhattimedidJohnplantofinishhistermpaper?A.March.B.August.C.October.WhydidJohnquithispart-timejob?A.Hehadtocatchupwithhisstudy.B.Hewasofferedabetterone.C.Hegottiredofit.WhatisSusan’sattitudetoJohn’sproblem?A.Carefree.B.Understanding.C.Forgiving.101720Whatdidthespeakerdobeforetheyear2012?A.Afitnesscoach.B.Achessplayer.C.Amarathonrunner.Whywasthe2016Olympicsimportantforspeaker?HewasmotivatedbyBolt.Hebrokeaworldrecord.Hewonfifthplace.Whichisthehardestforthespeaker?Gettingoveraninjury.Doingstrengthtraining.RepresentingBotswana.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?Hisplantogoforthegold.Hisexperienceonthetrack.Hisloveforhishomecountry.40第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHenryRaeburn(1756-1823)TheExhibitionThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland’sbestlovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.Selectedfromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.LectureSeriesScottishNationalPortrait(肖像畫)Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneralpublic.TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesisfree.AnIntroductiontoRaeburnSunday26Oct.,15.00DUNCANTHOMSONRaeburn’sEnglishContemporariesThursday30Oct.,13.10JUDYEGERTONCharactersandCharacterisationinRaeburn’sPortraitsThursday6Nov.,13.10NICHOLASPHILLIPSONRaeburnandArtist’sTraininginthe18thCenturyThursday13Nov.,MARTINPOSTLExhibitionTimesMonday-Saturday10.00-17.45Sunday12.00-17.45Lastadmissiontotheexhibition:17.15.Thereisnore-admission.Closed:24-26Decemberand1January.Admission4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.SchoolsandCollegesAspeciallowentrancechargeof2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.WhatistherighttimeforattendingRaeburn’sEnglishContemporaries?Sun.26Oct.B.Thurs.30Oct.C.Thurs.6Nov.D.Thurs.13Nov.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunderpayforadmission?A.4.B.8.C.12.D.16.Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings.B.Theycomefromartschools.C.Theymustbeledbyteachers.D.TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.【答案1.B 2.B 3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了為紀(jì)念蘇格蘭最受歡迎的畫家亨利·雷伯恩爵士進(jìn)行的展覽的相關(guān)情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格右上角Raeburn’sEnglishContemporaries“Thursday30Oct.(10301030Raeburn’sEnglishContemporaries。故選B【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Admission“4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.(412歲以下兒童在一位成人陪同下免費(fèi)入場(chǎng)。)”可知，一對(duì)夫婦應(yīng)付4+4=8128英鎊。故選B項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】speciallowentrancechargeof2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.(所有全日制教育的學(xué)生，高至并包括那些學(xué)士學(xué)位水平的學(xué)生，在有教師的組織團(tuán)體中，均可2組織團(tuán)體中，可以獲得折扣，即他們必須由教師帶領(lǐng)。故選CBIn1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlsgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff’sgranddaughter.Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.InWickenden’sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls’decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牽涉)drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicismofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:“Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheMountains?A.Toteachinaschool.B.TostudyAmericanhistory.C.Towriteabook.D.Todosightseeing.5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.Theylivedwiththelocalkids.D.Theysufferedseverehardships.WhichpartofWickenden’sishair-raising?TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B.TheconditionsinElkhead.C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.Whatisthetext?Anewsreport.B.Abookreview.C.Achildren’sstory.D.Adiaryentry.【答案4.A 5.D 6.C 7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇書評(píng)。本文簡(jiǎn)要介紹了DorothyWickenden的書籍并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。【4題詳解】1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.-DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.(1916Woodruff和RosamondUnderwood和RosamondA【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.(他們和一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)丶彝ィ锷患乙黄鸢徇M(jìn)去，和他們一樣，幾乎沒有隱私，很少洗澡，早上醒來時(shí)被子上覆蓋著一層雪。)”以及“Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆蓋在冰上。)”可知，女孩們的生活條件非常艱苦，她們飽受磨難。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】hair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentaileddrillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段與鐵路建設(shè)有關(guān)，這涉及到在令及落基山脈的鐵路建設(shè)這一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故選C【7題詳解】bookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.(這本書以Rosamond和Dorothy“Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicismthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.(Wickenden是個(gè)很會(huì)講故事的人。大地的遼闊和人們的堅(jiān)忍使她創(chuàng)作出了一些美麗的作品。)”可知，本文簡(jiǎn)要介紹了Wickenden的書籍內(nèi)容，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)，所以文本是一篇書評(píng)。故選B項(xiàng)。CCanasmallgroupofdrones(無人機(jī))guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestorailpossible?Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.Drones’reliableperformanceinremoteareas.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraphreferto?Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructioninfrastructure.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A.Toprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesHowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedWhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceHowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways【答案8.A 9.C 10.A 11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”的技節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元?！?細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitching成為可能。故選A。【9題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.(據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護(hù)上的花費(fèi)就約為200可知花在“maintenance”上的費(fèi)用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructureprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety”CInspectionandrepair(檢修)含義相近。故選C【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.(鐵路無人機(jī)有預(yù)見未來的能力，可以發(fā)出任何問題的信號(hào)，這樣快速行駛的列車就能及時(shí)做出反應(yīng)。)”可知鐵路無人機(jī)可以提前預(yù)警。故選A?！?1題詳解】asmallgroupofdrones)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorsbillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometersofrailtracksandinfrastructure)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.(一小群無人機(jī)能否在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時(shí)，主要講述了無人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來，所以D題。故選D.DTheGovernment’ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesityisbelievedthattoday’schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.presentitisexpectedtogenerate240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers(制造商)sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers’effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeoftheasaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.Today’sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities(設(shè)施)andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C.Toprotectchildren’shealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.Theycutdownontheirproduction.Theyreducedtheirproducts’sugarcontent.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugarcollected?A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.ClassicCoke.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofsugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.【答案12.C 13.D 14.D 15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了英國(guó)政府對(duì)軟飲料征收的糖稅來解決兒童以及青少年的健康問題，同時(shí)該收入用于學(xué)校體育?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity201641005g）”可知，征收糖稅的目的是幫助兒童減少肥胖。故選C【13題詳解】comesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturerssotheycanavoidpayingthetax.（此前，制造商已經(jīng)降低了商店中銷售的超過一半的軟飲料的）”糖量來避稅。故選D【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.（然而，一些高糖品牌，如經(jīng)典可口可樂，已經(jīng)接受了糖稅，并拒絕改變，因?yàn)閾?dān)心會(huì)惹惱消費(fèi)者。果汁、以牛奶為原料的飲料和大多數(shù)酒精飲料是免稅的，每年100）”典可口可樂這些高糖品牌。故選D【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Today’sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthiereatinginschools.（根據(jù)一位政府官員的說法，今天的數(shù)據(jù)顯示了糖稅的積極影響，它為學(xué)校的體育設(shè)施和健康飲食籌集了數(shù)百萬英鎊斷，糖稅政策的實(shí)施是一個(gè)成功的政策。故選B第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaystosustain(保持)long-distancefriendships.·SetaregulardateLong-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicbothsidesequallycontact聯(lián))andsharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallsbeachallenge. 16 .·Moreisn’talwaysmerrierMakesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth. 17 .Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.·Practiseempathy(共情) 18 .Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.· 19 Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesawayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends’birthdaysandotherimportantdatesmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.·Don’trelyontechnologyalone20,butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.RememberimportantdatesCompensatebywritinglettersItisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeperTrytofindatimethatworksforbothofyousticktoitFriendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunicationItiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmediaYoumaybethefriendwholeftortheonewholeftbehind【答案16 D 17.B 18.G 19.A 20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了五種維系異地友誼的方法。【16題詳解】上文“Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.”（平日繁忙，很難抽出時(shí)間打電話）講的是雙題的方法，符合題意。故選D【17題詳解】上文“Makesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.”（確保你已經(jīng)與你的朋友溝通過，了解你們彼此希望聯(lián)系的次數(shù)，以及哪種溝通方式最適）arealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.”（除了不斷的文字交流，還有其他方式，比如發(fā)語(yǔ)音或者組建群聊）語(yǔ)音等其他溝通方式，其中“constantwrittencommunication”呼應(yīng)了B“writingletters”。故選B【18題詳解】下文“Thefriendwhoisremaining”（留下來的朋友）和“Theoneinthenewenvironment”（在新環(huán)境中的那個(gè)）提到朋友的兩個(gè)不同處境，G項(xiàng)“你可能是朋友中離開的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了異地友誼中分為離開的一方和留下的一方，其中“thefriendwholeft”和“theonewhowasleftbehind”分別對(duì)應(yīng)下文“Theoneinthenewenvironment”和“Thefriendwhoisremaining”，所以G項(xiàng)符合題意。故選G項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處的內(nèi)容是維系異地友誼的第四個(gè)方法，是第五段的小標(biāo)題。下文“Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.”（周年紀(jì)念日和生日對(duì)于異地友誼而言是非常重要的）紀(jì)念日和生日等重要的日子對(duì)于維系異地友誼是非常重要的，由此推知，這段對(duì)應(yīng)的維系異地友誼的方法是A子”，所以A項(xiàng)符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】設(shè)空處所在句子的后半句“butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.”（但是異地友誼——甚至是關(guān)系親密的友誼——可能需）講的是我們要更加自覺地維系異地友誼，其中“but”說明后半句與設(shè)空處形成轉(zhuǎn)折，而Fmoreconsciousefforttosustain”形成轉(zhuǎn)折，而且其中的“socialmedia”了該段的小標(biāo)題“Don’trelyontechnologyalone”（依賴技術(shù)）中的“technology”。故選F語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there’ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout 21

someoneelse’sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably 22

athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies 23 .Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas 24

asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心)creatures.Butour 25 researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology 26 thatidea.Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each 27

satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor 28

.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould 29

orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn’t.Thesame 30

happenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth: 31 childrensaidthattheycouldn’t 32 toher.Anumberof 33

ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects 34

thequestionsandknew 35

whatwasaskedofthem.Their 36

tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue 37

that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”simply 38 mutual相互)recognitionandregard.Our 39 suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod 40

whenothersuseit.A.followingB.takingC.escapingD.directingA.cleverB.badC.scaredD.quickA.exposedB.examinedC.untouchedD.imbalancedA.supportedB.guaranteedC.imaginedinterpretedA.disappointingB.mixedC.surprisingD.desiredA.explainedB.confirmedC.contradictedD.testedA.parentB.childC.researcherD.doctorA.feetB.noseC.handsD.earsA.seeB.helpC.reachD.foolA.eventB.thingC.actionD.accidentA.YetB.NowC.SoonD.OnceA.speakB.listenC.turnD.waveA.instructionsB.descriptionsC.experimentsD.assumptionsA.comprehendedB.predictedC.exploredD.ignoredA.partlyB.honestlyC.vaguelyD.exactlyA.responsesB.approachesC.contributionsensitivityA.abilityB.beliefC.identityD.purposeA.holdbackB.relatetoC.insistonD.makeupA.limitationsB.requirementsC.theoriesfindingsA.tentativeB.impressiveC.creativeD.effective【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.D25.C26.C27.B28.D29.A30.B31.B32.A33.C34.A35.D36.A37.B38.C39.D40.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章主要通過實(shí)驗(yàn)證明孩子們捉迷藏時(shí)，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主義的結(jié)果，而是孩子們堅(jiān)持相互承認(rèn)和尊重?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)他們來說，避開別人的目光，讓自己無法被別人看到，這是一件非常令人興奮的事情。A.following跟隨；B.taking取走；C.escaping避開；D.directing指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)上文“Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.”可知，兒童喜歡玩捉迷藏，避開別人的目光。故選C項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我們都看到學(xué)齡前兒童非常不善于隱藏。A.clever聰明的；B.bad不擅長(zhǎng)的；C.scared害怕的；D.quick快的。根據(jù)下文“Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies”可知，兒童不擅長(zhǎng)隱藏，bebadatsth.表示“不擅長(zhǎng)某事”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】A.exposedexamineduntouchedimbalancedtherestoftheirbodies”眼睛，身體的其余部分無遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故選A【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：長(zhǎng)期以來，這種無效的隱藏方法被解釋為兒童是無可救藥的“自我中心”生物的證據(jù)。A.supported支持；B.guaranteed保證；C.imagined想象；D.interpreted解釋。根據(jù)下文“asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”creatures.”可知，此處表示這種無效的隱藏方法被解釋為證據(jù)，證明兒童是以自我為中心的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但我們?cè)趦和l(fā)展心理學(xué)方面令A(yù).disappointing的；B.mixedC.surprisingdesired望的。根據(jù)下文“researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology_6_thatidea.”可知，研究結(jié)果與之前的觀點(diǎn)相矛盾，所以研究結(jié)果是令人驚訝的。故選C【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但我們?cè)趦和l(fā)展心理學(xué)方面令人驚訝的研究結(jié)果與這一觀點(diǎn)相矛盾A.explained解釋confirmed證實(shí)；C.contradicted相矛盾；D.tested測(cè)試。根據(jù)下文“Our 19 suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod_20_whenothersuseit.”可知，研究結(jié)果與之前的觀點(diǎn)是相矛盾的。故選C項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)兒童都和一個(gè)成年人坐在一A.parent兒童；C.researcherdoctor“Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.”可知，兒童參加實(shí)驗(yàn)，此處表示每個(gè)兒童和一個(gè)成年人坐在一起。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)兒童都和一個(gè)成年人坐在一A.feetB.nosehandsD.ears“orheartheadult”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)中，兒童被詢問是否能聽到成年人的聲音，所以此處表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故選D【29題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我們問兒童是否能看到或聽到成年人的聲音。A.see看見；B.help幫助；C.reach到達(dá)；D.fool欺騙。根據(jù)上文“anadultwhocoveredherowneyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此處兒童被詢問是否能看見成年人。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)成年人捂住她自己的嘴時(shí)，同樣A.eventB.thing事情；C.action行動(dòng)；D.accident事故。根據(jù)下文“childrensaidthattheycouldn’t_12_toher.”可知，此處表示同樣的事情發(fā)生了，孩子們表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人說話了。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)成年人捂住她自己的嘴時(shí)，同樣A.YetB.NowC.SoonD.Once年人捂住自己的嘴時(shí)，這時(shí)孩子們說不能和成年人說話了。故選B項(xiàng)。【32題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)成年人捂住她自己的嘴時(shí)，同樣A.speakB.listenC.turnD.wave“whentheadultcoveredherownmouth”成年人說話了。故選A【33題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：許多實(shí)驗(yàn)排除了孩子們誤解了他們A.instructionsB.descriptionsexperimentsassumptionsC【34題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：結(jié)果很清楚：我們的年輕受試者理A.comprehendedB.predictedC.exploredD.ignored“thequestionsandknew_15_whatwasaskedofthem”被問了什么。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：結(jié)果很清楚：我們的年輕受試者理解了這些問題，并且確切地知道他們被問到了什么A.partly部分地；B.honestly誠(chéng)實(shí)地；C.vaguely含糊地；D.exactly確切地。根據(jù)下文“whatwasaskedofthem.Their 16 toquestionsreflectedtheirtrue_17_”可知，孩子們確切地知道自己被問了什么，他們的答案反映了他們真實(shí)的看法。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】A.responses回答；B.approachescontribution貢獻(xiàn)；D.sensitivity“tothequestions”可知，此處表示孩子們對(duì)于問題的回答。故選A【37題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們對(duì)這些問題的回答反映了他們A.ability力；B.beliefC.identityD.purposecanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”可知，此處表示孩子們真正的看法。故選B【38題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：他們只是堅(jiān)持相互承認(rèn)和尊重。A.holdback阻止；B.relateto有關(guān)聯(lián)；C.insiston堅(jiān)持；D.makeup彌補(bǔ)。根據(jù)上文“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”可知，孩子們的看法體現(xiàn)了他們堅(jiān)持相互的承認(rèn)和尊重。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】A.limitationsrequirementstheoriesfindings“Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.”自我中心主義的結(jié)果。故選D【40題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，當(dāng)其他人使用這種方法時(shí)，孩子們認(rèn)為它是有效的A.tentative實(shí)驗(yàn)性的impressive令人印象深刻的creative創(chuàng)造性的effective有效的。根據(jù)上文“Theysimply 18 mutualrecognitionandregard.”可知，孩子們堅(jiān)持相互承認(rèn)和尊重，以當(dāng)其他人使用這種方法時(shí)，孩子會(huì)認(rèn)為它是有效的。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficially 41

theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.Tocelebrate 42

festival,anumberofeventstookplaceattheChineseBusinessmanMuseuminBeijingonThursday.ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety 43

(address)theopeningceremony.“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe 44

(large)tea-producingcountry,Chinahasa 45

(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.Itcanhelptobuildacommunitywitha 46

(share)futureformankind,”hesaid.The“FirstInternationalTeaDayTeaRoadCooperativeInitiative”issued(發(fā)布)attheceremonycallsforpeopleworkingintheteaindustrytocometogethertopromoteinternationalcooperation 47

culturalexchanges.Afour-yearteapromotion—TeaRoadCooperativePlan—wasalsoissuedinaccordancewiththeinitiative. 48

(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia, 49

(invite)twenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭)attheceremony,opening 50

(it)firstexhibition:TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu’erTea.【答案】BytheaddressedlargestresponsibilitysharedandTostrengtheninvitingits【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了為了慶祝第一個(gè)國(guó)際茶日，中國(guó)商會(huì)博物館所舉辦的一系列活動(dòng)。【41題詳解】考查介詞。句意：20191127521日定為第一個(gè)國(guó)際茶日。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表達(dá)“被聯(lián)合國(guó)在521“be+過去分詞+by”填by。【42題詳解】國(guó)商人博物館舉行了一系列活動(dòng)。特指InternationalTeaDaythe。故填the?！?3題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：中國(guó)文化促進(jìn)會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)在開幕式上致辭。陳述過去事情，用一般過去時(shí)。故填addressed?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意：中國(guó)是茶的發(fā)源地和最大產(chǎn)茶國(guó)，作為國(guó)際茶日的主要推動(dòng)者，中國(guó)有責(zé)任與其他國(guó)家共同促進(jìn)茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。根據(jù)定冠詞the和常識(shí)可知，中國(guó)是最大產(chǎn)茶國(guó)，所以用形容詞的最高級(jí)形式。故填largest?！?5題詳解】考查名詞。句意：中國(guó)是茶的發(fā)源地和最大產(chǎn)茶國(guó)，作為國(guó)際茶日的主要推動(dòng)者，中國(guó)有責(zé)任與其他國(guó)家共同促進(jìn)茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。不定冠詞a后接可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填responsibility。【46題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這有