高考英語語法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)匯總課件

Modalverbs情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)：1)有含義,有感情色彩;2)不能單獨(dú)做謂語，必須與不定式一起做謂語;3)有時(shí)態(tài)變化但無人稱變化。can/could may/mightmust shallshould/oughtto will/wouldneed/dare hadbetterwouldratherusedto/have(got)to/beabletodon’thaveto…Do…h(huán)aveto…h(huán)aven’tgotto….Have…gotto常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：一、can,could,beableto二、need,dare三、shall,should四、must五、will,would,usedto六、hadbetter七、wouldrathercan,beableto

can1.表“自身已具備的能力”，而could表示過去的能力；此時(shí)可用beableto代替Icandriveacar.HecouldspeakEnglishattheageof4.如果表示經(jīng)過一番努力做成了某事，須用beableto而不用can/could.例如：Thehotelwasonfire,butthepeopleinitwereabletoescapeintime.2.表“允許”，意為“可以”。例如：

CanIhaveanothercupoftea?Youcan’tsmokehere.在疑問句中可以用could表示更加委婉的語氣,但回答時(shí)需用can。例如：－CouldIaskyousomething,ifyouarenottoobusy?－Yes,youcan.同樣,表示征求對方許可時(shí),Would/Might…用在疑問句中只是一種委婉的說法，其回答時(shí)分別用其原形will/may。needdare總結(jié)：need/dareneed情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/實(shí)意動(dòng)詞肯定:/needtodo…否定:needn’tdo/don’tneedtodo…疑問:Need主語do…?/Do主語needtodo…?時(shí)態(tài):/need-needs-neededdare情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/實(shí)意動(dòng)詞肯定:/daretodo…否定:daren’tdo/don’tdare(to)do…疑問:Dare主語do?/Do主語dare(to)do…?時(shí)態(tài):dared/dare-dares-daredshall

shall/shan’t1.用于一、三人稱作主語的疑問句,征詢聽話人的意見。ShallI/he…?(we,they)ShallIopenthedoor?Shalltheboywaitoutsideorcomeinside?2.用于二、三人稱作主語的陳述句,表示說話人的意愿，如威脅,命令,允諾等。1)Youshallbepunishedifyoucomelate.2)Youshallremainhereuntilallyourpapersarecollected.3)Youshallgetapresentifyoudowellinthecomingexam.威脅命令允諾3.用于官方文件、條文、規(guī)定中，表示具有法律效應(yīng)，“必須”。Allthepaymentsshallbepaidbytheendofthemonth.“Theinterestshallbedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides,”declaredthejudge.

should1.“應(yīng)該”，表示主觀上感到有責(zé)任或義務(wù)去做某事Ishouldfinishmyhomeworkfirst.oughtto強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀要求，含有強(qiáng)烈的道義，責(zé)任，法律或原則的意味。Yououghttorespectyourparents.Sir,yououghtnottosithere.It’sforwomenandchildrenonly.2.竟然（意外，遺憾）It’sstrangethatsheshouldlovesuchanuglyoldman.It’sapitythatyoushouldthinkso.must1.表“義務(wù)”，意為“必須”---Mustwehandinourhomeworkbeforesupper?---Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto.注意:

Youmustn’tbelateforschooloryou’llbepunished.mustn’t“禁止,不許”,不是推測。will,wouldwill

1.表意愿Ifyoudon’tworkhard,youwillnotmakeprogress.

注意：will表意愿，可以用于if條件句中Ifyouwon’tgototheparty,neitherwill(助動(dòng)詞)I.助動(dòng)詞(主將從現(xiàn))2.表示傾向，習(xí)慣?！翱偸?，老是”;Fishwilldieoutofwater.Oilandwaterwillnotmix.won’t老也不，就是不

Thedoorwon’topen.Thecomputerwon’twork.usedto曾經(jīng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)“今昔不同”。Heusedtobeahandsomeboy.Thisusedtobeasmallcity.hadbetterhadbetter=hadbest“最好”hadbetter(best)notdosth.最好不做Youhadbetterstayathome.You’dbetternotwakemeup.wouldratherwouldrather(not)do“寧愿”Iwouldratherstayathome.Iwouldrathernottellyouthatnews.Consolidation一、can/could/beableto1.Hedidn’twanttocomewithusatfirst,butwe_____________persuadehimatlast.2.Ifthesnowcarriesonlikethis,veryfewpeoplewill_____________gototheconcert.3.Teachersshould_____________explainquestionsclearly.4.Hisfather____________speakfiveforeignlanguages.wereabletobeabletobeabletocan二、need/dare改錯(cuò)題：1.Achildwhoisunder10yearsoldneedn’taticket.2.Idarenottogooutaloneatnight.3.Daredyoutoaskhimthequestionyesterday?doesn’tneedIdarenotgooutaloneatnight.Idon’tdaretogooutaloneatnight.

Dared

you

ask

himthequestionyesterday?

Did

you

dareto

askhimthequestionyesterday?---Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.---You______havemycomputerifyoudon’ttakecareofit.2)---Weneedapersonbadlytothinkupsuchanidea.---______thenewcomerhaveatry?3)Ican’tbelievethathe_______besorudetome.4)---Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?---“Noperson______smokeorcarryalightedcigarette,cigarorpipeinthisarea.”三、shall/should

shan’tShallshouldshall1)Iwanttoopenthedoor,but______________(就是不開).itwon’topen2)Themanagerisn’tin,buthewillseeyouifyou______waitforhim.3)Oil______floatonwater.4)He_________beaworker,butnowhewritesnovelsathome.will四、will/would/usedto

willusedtoPartTwo一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測must/can/could/may/might/should二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測的時(shí)間性三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測時(shí)的反意疑問句:一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測must/can/could/may/might/should1.mustHelikesplayingfootball.Hemustbeontheplaygroundnow.結(jié)論：must:“一定，準(zhǔn)是”，表推測，只用于肯定句。2.can

---Iseenobodythere.Hecan’tbeontheplayground.---Wherecanhebe?結(jié)論：can表示推測，用于否定句和疑問句：Sb.can’t…不可能。Cansb.…可能嗎？Somemoreexamples:1)---Whatcanitbe?---Itcan’tbeacar,foritisnotmoving.Itmustbeahouse.2)---Whocanitbe?---Itmustbetheheadmaster.---Itcan’tbehim.HehasgonetoShanghai.Tangshancanbeverycoldinwinter.Oldpeoplecanbeveryforgetful.Childrencanbeverynaughty.OnecantraveltoVenicebyboat.(can用于肯定句，表示理論上的可能性,即事情可能發(fā)生，但不表示某個(gè)特定事件真的會(huì)發(fā)生。有時(shí)可意為“有時(shí)會(huì)”)can的補(bǔ)充用法:3.mayHemaybeontheplayground.Hemay

notbeontheplayground.結(jié)論：may“可能”,表推測,用于肯定句或否定句，maynot“可能不”。上面句子可換用might,但may>might試比較：UncleWangisinpoorhealth.Hecanbeillatanytime.UncleWanglookspale.Hemay/mightbeill.4.couldcould可以用于肯定句,“可能”，相當(dāng)于may/might。Whathesaidcould/mayberight.但could用于否定和疑問句時(shí)，可以跟can互換。Hecan’t/couldn’tstayathomeallday.

Can/Coulditbecloudytomorrow?5.should表示一種可能性很大的，符合常理的推測?！鞍蠢頃?huì)/估計(jì)會(huì)”Youarealwaysworkinghard,soyoushouldpasstheexam.

---Wearesupposedtoleaveatseveno’clock.---Jackshouldbehereatanymoment.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測時(shí)，語氣從強(qiáng)到弱的順序：肯定句

否定句

疑問句mustshouldcan’tcouldn’t×maymightcouldcanmayn’tmightn’tcancould語氣強(qiáng)語氣弱must>should>may>could>might1)---Amanhasjustpassedby.Who______itbe?______itbeMr.Li?---No,it_______behim.Hehasgoneabroad.---Thenit_______beMr.Wang.canCancan’t/couldn’tmust2)Hurryup;they___________________(一定正在等我們).mustbewaitingforus3)Mother__________________________(可能已經(jīng)知道了)everything.may/might/couldhaveknown表推測的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后常接以下三種動(dòng)詞形式：+do(對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼耐茰y)2)+bedoing

(對現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作推測)3)+havedone(對過去或已完成的動(dòng)作推測)二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測的時(shí)間性must/can/could/may/might/should

Shemustbeangryifsheknowsit.Hurryup!Theymustbewaitingforusattheschoolgate.

Wearelostnow.Wemusthavemadeawrongturnatthelastcrossroad.musthavedone:只用于肯定句，一定做過…Shecan’t/couldn’thaveleftschool,forherbikeisstillthere.

Wherecan/could

hehavegoneyesterdayafternoon?Ididn’tseehimathishome.否定和疑問：can’t/couldn’thavedone不可能做過Can/Couldsbhavedone?可能做過…嗎？may/might(not)havedone:肯定和否定，可能(沒)做過Alicedidn’tsaygoodbyetomewhensheleft.IthinkImayhavemadeherangry.Hehasn’treturnedthebooktome.Hemaynothavefinishedreadingit.SorryI’mlate.Imighthaveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.Completethefollowing:1.Jack_______________(不可能)arrived,otherwisehewouldhavetelephonedme.2.---Iwonderwhytheyarelate.---They_______________(可能)missedthetrain.3.Themoneyhasdisappeared!Who________________takenit?4.HecanspeakJapaneseveryfluently.He_____________(一定)learntJapaneseforyears.can’thavemay/mighthavecan/couldhavemusthave“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone”這一結(jié)構(gòu)有兩大功能：一是表示推測（過去）二是表示虛擬表示推測：

musthavedon