2011年6月四級英語真題及答案詳解

2011年6月四級英語真題及答案詳解2011年6月大學(xué)英語四級真題試卷及答案PartIWriting（30minutes）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofOnlineShopping.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:OnlineShopping現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)上購物已成為一種時尚網(wǎng)上購物有很多好處，但也有不少問題我的建議PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）BritishCuisine:theBestofOldandNewBritishcuisine（烹飪）hascomeofageinrecentyearsaschefs（廚師）combinethebestofoldandnew.WhydoesBritishfoodhaveareputationforbeingsobad?Becauseitisbad!ThosearenotthemostencouragingwordstohearjustbeforeeatinglunchatoneofHongKong'ssmartestBritishrestaurants,Alfie'sbyKEE,butheadchefNeilTomeshasmoretosay."Thepast15yearsorsohavebeenanoticeableperiodofimprovementforfoodinEngland,"theEnglishchefsays,citingthetrendinBritishcuisineforbetteringredients,preparationandcookingmethods,andmoreappealingpresentation.ChefsuchasDeliaSmith,NigelSlater,JamieOliverandGordonRamsaymadethepublicrealisethatcooking-andeating-didn'thavetobeaboringthing.Andnow,mostoftheBritishpublicisfamiliarevenwiththeextremesofHestonBlumenthal'smoleculargastronomy,aformofcookingthatemploysscientificmethodstocreatetheperfectdish."It'snolongerthecasethatthecommonmaninEnglandisembarrassedtoshowheknowsaboutfood,"Tomessays.Therewasplentyofroomforimprovement.Theproblemswiththenation'scuisinecanbetracedbacktotheSecondWorldWar.Beforethewar,muchofBritain'sfoodwasimportedandwhenGermanU-boatsbeganattackingshipsbringingfoodtothecountry,Britainwentonrations（配給）."Asrationingcametoanendinthe1950s,technologypickedupandwasusedtomass-producefood,"Tomessays."Andbythenpeoplewerejusthappytohaveadecentquantityoffoodintheirkitchens."Theyweren'tlookingforcuredmeats,organicproduceorbeautifulpresentation;theywerelookingforwhatevertheycouldgettheirhandson,andthisprioritisationofquantityoverqualityprevailedfordecades,meaningagenerationwasbroughtupwithfoodthatcouldn'tcompetewithneighbouringFrance,Italy,BelgiumorSpain.BeforestarchefssuchasOliverbeganmakingcookingfashionable,itwashardtofindarestaurantinLondonthatwasopenafter9pm.Butinrecentyearsthecapital'sculinary（烹飪的）scenehasdevelopedtothepointthatitisnowconfidentofitsabilitytopleasethetastesofanyinternationalvisitor.WiththeopeningofAlfie'sinApril,andotherssuchasThePawn,twoyearsago,modernBritishfoodhasmadeitswaytoHongKong."WithBritishfood,IthinkthatHongKongrestaurantarekeepingup,"saysDavidTamlyn,theWelshexecutivechefatThePawninWanChai."HongKongdinersareextremelyresponsivetonewideasorpresentations,whichisgoodnewsfornewdishes."ChefsagreethatdinersinHongKongareembracingthemodernBritishtrend.Somerestaurantsaremodifyingtherecipes（菜譜）ofBritishdishestobreathenewlifeintotheclassics,whileotherareusingbetterqualityingredientsbutremainingtruetoBritishtraditionalandtastes?Tamlynisinthesecondcamp."Weselectourfoodveryparticulary.WeuseUSbeef,NewZealandlambandforourcustards（牛奶蛋糊）weuseBird'sCustardPowder,"Tamlynsays."Somerestaurantsgoforcustardmadefreshwitheggs,sugarandcream,butBritishcustardisdifferent,andwestaytruetothat.”MatthewHill,seniormanageratthetwo-year-oldSoHorestaurantYorkshirePudding,alsousesbetteringredientsasameansofimprovingdishes?"TherearealotofexistingperceptionsaboutBritishfoodandsowecan*talterthesetoomuch.We'reatraditionalBritishrestaurantsotherearesomestaples（主菜）thatwillremainessentiallyunchanged/1Thesetraditionaldishesincludefishandchips,steakandkidneypieandlargepiecesofroastedmeats.AtAlfie's,thenewestoftheBritishrestaurantsintownandperhapsthemostgentlemen^club-likeindesign,NeilTomesexplainshispassionforprovenance（原產(chǎn)地）?"Britdinhasstartedtobecomereallyproudofthefoodifsproducing.Ithasexcellentorganicfarms,beautifullycraftedcheeses,high-qualitymeats."However;theBritishdon'thaveahistoryofexportingtheirfoodstuffs,whichmakesitdifficultforrestaurantsinHongKongtosourceauthenticingredients?nWecangetalotofouringredientsonceaweekfromtheUK,"Tamlynexplains?"Butthereisalsopressuretobuylocalandsaveonfoodmiles,whichmeanswetakeourvegetablesfromthelocalmarkets,andtherearealotthatworkwellwithBritishstaples."ThePhoenix,inMid-Levels,offersthewidestinterpretationofnBritishcuisine",whilestilltryingtomaintainitssoul.Thegastro-pubhasexistedinvariouslocationsinHongKongsince2002.SingaporeanheadchefTommyTehKumChaioffersdailyspecialsonablackboard,ratherthanstickingtoamenu?ThisenableshimtoreinterpretBritishcuisinedependingonwhatisavailableinthelocalmarkets?"Weusealotofingredientsthatpeoplewouldn'tperhapsassociateasBritish,butarepresentedinaBritishway.Bellpeppersstuffedwithcouscous,alongsideratatouille,isaverypopulardish.”Althoughtheingredientsmaynotstrikedinersasbeingtraditional,theycanbefoundindishesacrossBritain.Eventhetraditionalchefsareawareoftheneedtoadapttolocaltastesandcustoms,whilemaintainingtheBrutishnessoftheircuisine.AtYorkshirePudding,Hillsaysthathisstaffasksdinerswhethertheywouldliketosharetheirmeals.Smalldishes,sharedmealsandnmixingitupnisnotsomethingcommonlydoneinBritain,butYorkshirePuddingwillbringfulldishedtothetableandofferindividualplatesforeachdinner.”Thatway,peoplestillgetthepresentationofthedishesastheyweredesigned,butcancarvethemuphowevertheylike,"Hillsays.ThispracticeisalsopopularatThePawn,althoughlargelyforrotisseries（烤肉館），Tamlynsays.”SometableswillarriveonSunday,orderawholechickenandashoulderoflamborababypig,andjuststayforhoursenjoyingeverythingwebringoutforthem."SomeBritishtraditionsaretoosacred住申圣的）tomesswith,however;Tomessays?"I'dneverchangeafullEnglishbreakfast."WhatisBritishfoodgenerallyknownfor?A）Itsuniqueflavor.B）Itsbadtaste.C)ItsspecialcookingmethodsD)Itsorganicingredients.TheSecondWorldWarledtoinBritain.aninadequatesupplyoffoodB)adecreaseofgrainproductionC)anincreaseinfoodimportD)achangeinpeople'seatinghabitsWhycouldn'tBritaincompetewithsomeofitsneighboringcountriesintermsoffoodinthepost-wardecades?Itsfoodlackedvariety.B)Itspeoplecaredmoreforquantity.C)Itwasshortofwell-trainedchefs.D)Itdidn'thaveflavorfulfoodingredients.Withculinaryimprovementinrecentyears,London'srestaurantsarenowabletoappealtothetastesof.mostyoungpeopleB)elderlyBritishdinersC)allkindsofoverseasvisitorsD)upper-classcustomersWhatdoHongKongdinerswelcome,accordingtoWelshexecutivechefDavidTamlyn?Authenticclassiccuisine.B)Locallyproducedingredients.C)Newideasandpresentations.D)Thereturnofhome-styledishes.Whileusingqualityingredients,DavidTamlyninsiststhatthedishesshould.benefitpeople'shealthB)lookbeautifulandinvitingC)beofferedatreasonablepricesD)maintainBritishtraditionaltastesWhydoesNeilTomessayhelovesfoodingredientsfromBritain?Theyappealtopeoplefromallovertheworld.B)Theyareproducedonexcellentorganicforms.C)Theyareprocessedinascientificway.D)Theycomeinagreatvariety.TamlynsaysthatbesidesimportingingredientsfromBritainonceaweek,hisrestaurantalsobuysvegetablesfrom.ThePhoenixinMid-LevelsmaynotuseBritishingredients,butpresentsitsdishesYorkshirePuddingisarestaurantwhichwillbringfulldishestothetablebutofferplatestothosedinerswhowouldliketo.PartWReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionAThepopularnotionthatolderpeopleneedlesssleepthanyoungeradultsisamyth,scientistssaidyesterday.Whileelderlypeople47tosleepforfewerhoursthantheydidwhentheywereyounger,thishasa(n)48effectontheirbrain'sperformanceandtheywouldbenefitfromgettingmore,accordingtoresearch.SeanDrummond,apsychiatrist(心理醫(yī)生)attheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,saidthatolderpeoplearemorelikelytosufferfrombrokensleep,whileyoungerpeoplearebetteratsleeping49_straightthroughthenight.Moresleepinoldage,however,is50withbetterhealth,andmostolderpeoplewouldfeelbetterandmore51iftheysleptforlongerperiods,hesaid."Theabilitytosleepinonechunk(整塊時間)overnightgoesdownasweagebuttheamountofsleepweneedto52welldoesnotchange,"DrDrummondtoldtheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceconferenceinSanDiego."It's53amyththatolderpeopleneedlesssleep.Themorehealthyanolderadultis,themoretheysleepliketheydidwhentheywere54.Ourdatasuggeststhatolderadultswouldbenefitfrom55togetasmuchsleepastheydidintheir30s.That's56frompersontoperson,buttheamountofsleepwehadat35isprobablythesameamountweneedat75."A)alertB)associatedC)attractingD)clingE)continuingF)definitelyG)differentH)efficientlyI)formallyJ)functionK)mixedL)negativeM)sufficientN)tendO)youngerSectionBPassageOneSeveralrecentstudieshavefoundthatbeingrandomly(隨機地)assignedtoaroommateofanotherracecanleadtoincreasedtolerancebutalsotoagreaterlikelihood(可能性)ofconflict.Recentreportsfoundthatlodgingwithastudentofadifferentracemaydecreaseprejudiceandcompelstudentstoengageinmoreethnicallydiversefriendships.AnOhioStateUniversitystudyalsofoundthatblackstudentslivingwithawhiteroommatesawhigheracademicsuccessthroughouttheircollegecareers.Researchersbelievethismaybecausedbysocialpressure.InaNewYorkTimesarticle,SamRoakye-theonlyblackstudentonhisfreshmanyearfloor-saidthat"ifyou'resurroundedbywhites,youhavesomethingtoprove."Researchersalsoobservedproblemsresultingfrompairinginterracialstudentsinresidences.Accordingtotworecentstudies,randomlyassignedroommatesofdifferentracearemorelikelytoexperienceconflictssostrainedthatoneroommatewillmoveout.AnIndianaUniversitystudyfoundthatinterracialroommateswerethreetimesaslikelyastwowhiteroommatestonolongerlivetogetherbytheendofthesemester.GraceKao,aprofessoratPennsaidshewasnotsurprisedbythefindings."Thismaybethefirsttimethatsomeofthesestudentshaveinteracted,andlived,withsomeoneofadifferentrace,"shesaid.AtPenn,studentsarenotaskedtoindicateracewhenapplyingforhousing."Oneofthegreatthingsaboutfreshmanhousingisthat,withsomeexceptions,theprocessthrowsyoutogetherrandomly,"saidUndergraduateAssemblychairmanAlecWebley."Thisisthedefinitionofintegration.""I'veexperiencedroommateconflictsbetweeninterracialstudentsthathavebothbrokendownstereotypesandreinforcedstereotypes,"saidonePennresidentadvisor(RA).TheRAoftwoyearsaddedthatwhilesomeconflicts"providedmoremulticulturalacceptanceandmelding(融合),"therewerealso"jarringculturalconfrontations."TheRAsaidthattheseconflictshavealsooccurredamongroommatesofthesamerace.Kaosaidshecautionsagainstforminganygeneralizationsbasedonanyoneofthestudies,notingthatmorebackgroundcharacteristicsofthestudentsneedtobestudiesandexplained.Whatcanwelearnfromsomerecentstudies?Conflictsbetweenstudiesofdifferentracesareunavoidable.Studentsofdifferentracesareprejudicedagainsteachother.Interraciallodgingdoesmoreharmthangood.Interraciallodgingmayhavediverseoutcomes.WhatdoesSamBoakye'sremarkmean?Whitestudentstendtolookdownupontheirblackpeers.Blackstudentscancompetewiththeirwhitepeersacademically.Blackstudentsfeelsomewhatembarrassedamongwhitepeersduringthefreshmanyear.D)Beingsurroundedbywhitepeersmotivatesablackstudenttoworkhardertosucceed.WhatdoestheIndiansUniverisitystudyshow?Interracialroommatesaremorelikelytofallout.Fewwhitestudentslikesharingaroomwithablackpeer.Roommatesofdifferentracesjustdon'tgetalong.Assigningstudents'lodgingrandomlyisnotagoodpolicy.WhatdoesAlecWebleyconsidertobethe"definitionofintegration"?A)Studentsofdifferentracesarerequiredtoshareroom.Interraciallodgingisarrangedbytheschoolforfreshmen.Lodgingisassignedtostudentsofdifferentraceswithoutexception.D)Theschoolrandomlyassignsroommateswithoutregardtorace.WhatdoesGraceKaosayaboutinterraciallodging?A)Itisunscientifictomakegeneralizationsaboutitwithoutfurtherstudy.Schoolsshouldbecautiouswhenmakingdecisionsaboutstudentlodging.Students'racialbackgroundshouldbeconsideredbeforelodgingisassigned.Experiencedresidentadvisorsshouldbeassignedtohandletheproblems.PassageTwoGlobalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyKofiAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition(營養(yǎng)不良)andheat-relatedhealthproblems.Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum'sreportwas"amethodologicalembarrassment"becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohumandrivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerable(易受傷害的)regions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat"climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention."Butthereport,hesaid,"willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed(有瑕疵的)"However,SorenAnderasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazards,whilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?A)Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.Ratesofdeathfromillnesshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.D)Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum'sreportfromthepassage?A)Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists.Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum'sreport?A)Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology.Itdeservesourclosestattention.D)Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated.WhatisSorenAndreasen'sviewofthereport?A)Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined.ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?A)Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming.Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced.Howemissionsofheat-trappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalscale.D)Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards.PartVCloze(15minutes)Whenitcomestoeatingamartforyourheart,stopthinkingaboutshort-termfixesandsimplifyyourlifewithastraightforwardapproachthatwillserveyouwellforyearstocome.Smarteatinggoesbeyondanalyzingeverybiteoffoodyoulift6yourmouth."Inthepastweusedtobelievethat68amountsofindividualnutrients(營養(yǎng)物)werethe69togoodhealth,"saysLindaVanHorn,chairoftheAmericanHeartAssociation'sNutritionCommittee."Butnowwehavea70understandingofhealthyeatingandthekindsoffoodnecessaryto_71notonlyheartdiseasebutdisease72general,"sheadds.Scientistsnow73onthebroaderpictureofthebalanceoffoodeaten74severaldaysoraweek75thanonthenumberofmilligrams(毫克)ofthisorthat76ateachmeal.Fruits,vegetablesandwholegrains,forexample,providenutrientsandplant-basedcompounds77_forgoodhealth."Themorewelearn,themore78wearebythewealthofessentialsubstancesthey79,"VanHorncontinues,"andhowthey80witheachothertokeepushealthy."You'llautomaticallybe81therightheart-healthytrackifvegetables,fruitsandwholegrainsmake82threequartersofthefoodonyourdinnerplate.83intherestaurantonequarterwithleanmeatorchicken,fishoreggs.Thefoodsyouchoosetoeataswellasthoseyouchooseto84clearlycontributetoyourwell-being.Withouta85,eachofthesmalldecisionsyoumakeinthisrealmcanmakeabig86_onyourhealthintheyearstocome.67.A)betweenB)throughC)insideD)to68.A)seriousB)splendidC)specificD)separate69.A)keyB)pointC)leadD)center70.A)strictB)differentC)typicalD)natural71.A)rescueB)preventC)forbidD)offend72.A)inB)uponC)forD)by73.A)turnB)putC)focusD)carry74.A)overB)alongC)withD)beyond75.A)otherB)betterC)ratherD)sooner76.A)conveyedB)consumedC)enteredD)exhausted77.A)vitalB)initialC)validD)radical78.A)disturbedB)depressedC)amazedD)amused79.A)retainB)containC)attainD)maintain80.A)interfereB)interactC)reckonD)rest81.A)atB)ofC)onD)within82.A)outB)intoC)offD)up83.A)EngageB)FillC)InsertD)Pack84.A)deleteB)hinderC)avoidD)spoil85.A)notionB)hesitationC)reasonD)doubt86.A)outcomeB)functionC)i