形容詞-副詞的用法

形容詞-副詞的用法形容詞-副詞的用法形容詞-副詞的用法形容詞-副詞的用法編制僅供參考審核批準(zhǔn)生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:形容詞副詞的用法形容詞：一、形容詞在句子中的作用及位置：1.作定語(yǔ)。a.形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般放在它所修飾的詞的前面;Ihaveagoodbook.Heisastrangeman.b.形容詞修飾不定代詞(由some,any,every,no+thing,one,body構(gòu)成)時(shí)要放在不定代詞之后;Hehassomethingimportanttotellyou.Thereisnothinginterestinginthebook.c.enough修飾名詞時(shí)可放在名詞之前或之后;修飾形容詞、副詞和動(dòng)詞時(shí)一定要放在這些詞之后.Theyhaveenoughmoneytobuythecar.Theyhavemoneyenoughtobuythecar.Theholeislargeenough.d.else只作后置定語(yǔ),修飾疑問(wèn)代詞what,who,whom,whose和不定代詞something,anything,nothing,somebody,anybodynobody等;(else作副詞時(shí),修飾疑問(wèn)副詞when,where等放在其后)WhatelsecanyoudoIsthereanyoneelsee.形容詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)必須放在它所修飾的詞的后面。Allcountries,bigandsmall,shouldbeequal.任何國(guó)家,無(wú)論大小,一律平等.f.表示計(jì)量（長(zhǎng)、寬、高、深）及年齡的形容詞，應(yīng)放在相應(yīng)的名詞之后。2.作表語(yǔ)。在系動(dòng)詞和半系動(dòng)詞feel（感到），look（看起來(lái)），sound（聽(tīng)起來(lái)），smell（聞起來(lái)），taste（嘗起來(lái)），become（變成）get（變成），turn（變成），fall（變成）,seem(似乎，好象）后，用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。Heisyoung.Ifeelverytired.Thatsoundsinteresting.Hefallsill.3.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Youshouldkeepyourroomeveryday.二、部分形容詞只作定語(yǔ)或只作表語(yǔ)。（英語(yǔ)中大部分形容詞既可作定語(yǔ)也可作表語(yǔ)，但部分形容詞只作定語(yǔ)或只作表語(yǔ)。1.只能作表語(yǔ)的形容詞alone獨(dú)自的,afraid害怕的,asleep睡著的,awake醒著的,alive活者的,ill生病的,well健康的，glad高興的，unable不能的、不會(huì)的,frightened害怕；2.只能作定語(yǔ)的形容詞little小的,only唯一的,wooden木質(zhì)的,woolen羊毛質(zhì)的,elder年長(zhǎng)的和復(fù)合形容詞English-speaking說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的,kind-hearted善良的,man-made人造的,take-away可以帶走的。一、貌似副詞的形容詞下列單詞詞尾有l(wèi)y,但它們是形容詞不是副詞:lonely,friendly,lively,lovely四、有些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞能當(dāng)形容詞使用，如：worried,surprised,excited,interested,broken,lost.五、一些常用形容詞的辨析。alone獨(dú)自的,指形體上孤單一人。孤獨(dú)的，指精神上感到寂寞。ill生病的,glad高興的,只能作表語(yǔ)，sick生病的,happy高興的,既可作表語(yǔ)，也可作定語(yǔ)；well①（形容詞）健康的，只能作表語(yǔ)；②（副詞）好(地），作狀語(yǔ)good好（的）（形容詞），作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。六、形容詞的比較等級(jí)（一）比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成1．單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，在詞尾+構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，+構(gòu)成最高級(jí)構(gòu)成方法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)一般在詞尾+er,esttallshorttallershortertallestshortest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的+r,stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest重讀閉音節(jié)、詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母再+er,estbigfatthinhotwetbiggerfatterthinnerhotterwetterbiggestfattestthinnesthottestwettest以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，先把y改為i，再+er,estbusyhappydirtyheavybusierhappierdirtierheavierbusiesthappiestdirtiestheaviest2．部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在其前面+more構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，+most構(gòu)成最高級(jí)原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)usefulcarefulimportantinterestingdifficultdifferentdangerousmoreusefulmorecarefulmoreimportantmoreinterestingmoredifficultmoredifferentmoredangerousmostusefulmostcarefulmostimportantmostinterestingmostdifficultmostdifferentmostdangerous3.有些詞尾以er,re,ow,le結(jié)尾的少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞+er,est原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)clevernarrowsimplequietpolitecommoncleverernarrowersimplerquieterpolitercommonercleverestnarrowestsimplestquietestpolitestcommon4.某些單音節(jié)詞在其前面+more構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，+most構(gòu)成最高級(jí)，如：原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)tiredpleasedrightrealgladmoretiredmorepleasedmorerightmorerealmoregladmosttiredmostpleasedmorerightmorerealmostglad不規(guī)則變化的比較級(jí)，最高級(jí)原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)goodwellbadbadlyillmanymuchlittlefarbetterworsemorelessfartherbestworstmostleastfarthest（二）比較等級(jí)的用法1．原級(jí)的常用句形結(jié)構(gòu)1）。甲+be+as+原級(jí)+as+乙表示甲乙兩者程度相同：Iamasoldashe2）。甲+be+not+as/so+原級(jí)+as+乙表示甲不如乙：Iamnotas/sostrongashe2.比較級(jí)的常用句形結(jié)構(gòu)(兩者比較用比較級(jí)1）.甲+be+比較級(jí)+than+乙表示甲比乙……Iamolderthanhe.2）甲+be+數(shù)詞+名詞+比較級(jí)+than+乙表示甲比乙….Iamtwoyearsolderthanhe.3）。甲+be+比較級(jí)+than+any(other)+單數(shù)名詞(+介詞短語(yǔ))表示甲比任何一個(gè)人或物都……,如果甲在比較范圍之內(nèi)，則用“other”，否則，不用“other”。Heistallerthananyotherboyinhisclass.ShanghaiisbiggerthananycityinAustralia.（上海不在澳大利亞）4).甲+be+the+比較級(jí)+ofthetwo+…表示“甲是兩者中較……的”Tomisthetallerofthetwoboys.5).比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)表示越來(lái)越……Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.6).the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)表示越…越…Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyoutake.7).特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+比較級(jí)+甲o(hù)r乙Whichisheaviest,thehorseorthesheep(比較級(jí)前可用much,alittle,alot,far,even,any,still,no,agreatdeal修飾.)3.最高級(jí)的常用句形結(jié)構(gòu)1)主語(yǔ)+be+the+最高級(jí)+單數(shù)名詞+of(群體)／in(范圍)短語(yǔ)表示＂……是……中最……的＂LiLieisthebeststudentofallLiLieisthebeststudentinhisclass2)主語(yǔ)+be+oneofthe+最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+of(群體)／in(范圍)短語(yǔ)表示＂……是……中最……之一＂LiLieisoneofthebeststudentsofall.Chinaisoneoftheoldestcountriesintheworld.3)特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+the+最高級(jí)+甲,乙or丙Whichistheheaviest,thehorse,thesheeportheelephant(最高級(jí)前可有序數(shù)詞修飾:HainanIslandisthesecondlargestislandinChina.second(第二)不是two(兩個(gè)),不要誤用比較級(jí))4.表示倍數(shù)的句形1)甲+be+倍數(shù)+as+原級(jí)+as+乙Thetreeistwiceastallasthatone.這棵樹(shù)比那棵樹(shù)高一倍或這棵樹(shù)的高是那棵樹(shù)的兩倍2)甲+be+倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than+乙Thetreeistwicetallerthanthatone.這棵樹(shù)比那棵樹(shù)高兩倍七、形容詞的排列順序：當(dāng)名詞由兩個(gè)以上的形容詞修飾時(shí)，這些形容詞的排列通常遵循以下規(guī)則：1）限定詞，包括冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格、數(shù)詞等。2）表示觀點(diǎn)的描繪性形容詞，eg.fine,beautiful,interesting3）表示大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低及形狀的形容詞，eg.tall,high,round4）表示年齡、新、舊的形容詞，eg.young,old,new5)表示顏色的形容詞,red,black,6）表示國(guó)籍、地區(qū)、出處的形容詞（名詞）Japanese,American7）表示材料的形容詞，如stone,silk等為了記憶此規(guī)則，特編一句話：限觀形齡色國(guó)材。（縣官行令謝國(guó)才）Thistownhasafineoldstonebridge.這座城鎮(zhèn)有一座很不錯(cuò)的古老的石橋。副詞一、副詞的定義：表示行為特征或性狀特征的詞叫副詞。副詞用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其它副詞或全句，說(shuō)明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、或方式等概念。二、副詞的構(gòu)成（一）一些副詞本身就是副詞；now,here（二）一些副詞由形容詞詞尾+ly構(gòu)成。careful--carefully;lucky--luckilyterrible--terriblytrue--trulypolite--politely（三）與名詞或形容詞同形的副詞：today,tomorrow,late,fast.三、副詞的分類(lèi)（一）時(shí)間副詞now,today,tomorrow,yesterday,before,ago,justnow,thedaybeforeyesterday,thedayaftertomorrow,early,late,then,soon,immediately,still,already,just,yet（二）地點(diǎn)副詞here,there,home,abroad,above,upstairs,outsidedownstairs,everywhere,behind,back（三）方式副詞hard,well,fast,badly,brightly,certainly,clearly,deeply,early,easily,especially,happily,loudly,luckily,nearly,noisily,politely,quickly,really,safely,slowly,strongly,suddenly,widely（四）頻度副詞always,usually,often,sometimes,ever,never,once,twice,threetimesaday/week…,everyday/week/month/year,againandagain,attimes,nowandthen,not…anymore,not…anylonger（五）程度副詞quite,rather,very,much,verymuch,alot,alittle,abit,enough,hardly,almost（六）疑問(wèn)副詞（一般用于特殊疑問(wèn)句）how,where,when,why（七）連接副詞（引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)從句）how,where,when,why，whether（八）關(guān)系副詞（引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句）how,where,when,why四、副詞的作用（一）修飾動(dòng)詞，作狀語(yǔ)。eg.Hewalkedquietlyintohisbedroom.（二）修飾形容詞，作狀語(yǔ)。Lilieiswearingaverybeautifulcoat.（三）修飾副詞，作狀語(yǔ)。Youwalktooslowly.（四）作表語(yǔ)。Howlongwillshebeaway（五）作定語(yǔ)。Thepeoplehereareverykindtome.五、副詞的位置（一）多數(shù)副詞都可以放在它所修飾的動(dòng)詞后面，如果是及物動(dòng)詞，一般就放在賓語(yǔ)后面。Eg.Sheisjumpinghappily.Theboyisdoinghishomeworkcarefully.（二）時(shí)間副詞、地點(diǎn)副詞和方式副詞一般放在句末，如既有時(shí)間副詞又有地點(diǎn)副詞，則先地點(diǎn)后時(shí)間。Heplayedfootballontheplaygroundyesterdayafternoon.（三）頻度副詞通常都放在be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前。Healwaysgoestoschoolbybike.Sheisoftenlateforschool.（四）程度副詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，與頻度副詞相似，修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，放在它所修飾的詞的前面。但enough,verymuch除外。Idon'tquiteagreewithyou.Sheisverybeautiful.Theholeisbigenough.（放在所修飾的詞之后）Ilikeapplesverymuch.（放在句末）（五）疑問(wèn)副詞放在特殊疑問(wèn)句的句首，連接副詞、關(guān)系副詞通常放在從句的句首。WhyareyouoftenlateforschoolCanyoutellmewhyyouareoftenlateforschool（六）有少數(shù)副詞在句中的位置非常靈活，常放在與它們關(guān)系密切的詞前。如：even和only。如:Hecanonlyanswerthequestion.他只會(huì)回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Onlyhecananswerthequestion.只有他會(huì)回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。六、副詞的比較等級(jí)（一）副詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則副詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成方法與形容詞的比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成方法相同。以形容詞詞尾+ly構(gòu)成的副詞，其比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)分別在前面+more,most構(gòu)成。（但不規(guī)則變化的badly-worse-worst除外）（二）副詞比較等級(jí)的用法副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法跟形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法基本相同。但副詞最高級(jí)前面可以省略掉the.其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是be動(dòng)詞,而是行為動(dòng)詞,同時(shí)要注意使用notas/so+原級(jí)+as句形。Heisasfastasyou.Heisnotasfastasyou.Herunsasfastasyou.Hedoesn'trunasfastasyou而不是Herunsnotasfastasyou.七、一些常用形容詞或副詞的用法辨析1．very與much表示“很”，“非?！眝ery用于修飾形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)，much用于修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)，修飾動(dòng)詞要用much或verymuch.2．so與such表示“如此”，“這么”，“那么”（1）so是副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞如：sobeautifulsuch是形容詞，修飾名詞，但名詞前可有形容詞定語(yǔ)。如：suchabeautifulgirl（2）so修飾的形容詞后可以有一個(gè)a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。如：sobeautifulagirl（3）如果名詞前有many,much,few,little則用so.somanybooks.3.also,too,either,aswell也（不）also,too,aswell用于肯定句；either用語(yǔ)否定局。also,常放于be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、第助動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前。too,aswell常放于句末，但too前常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi);either放在否定句句末。eg:HeishavinganEnglishlesson.SheisalsohavinganEnglishlesson.SheishavinganEnglishlesson,too.SheishavinganEnglishlessonaswell.Heisn'thavinganEnglishlesson.Sheisn'teither.3.agobeforeafterlaterago只用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)，放在“段時(shí)間”之后，表示從現(xiàn)在算起的時(shí)間之前。Hefinishedhisworkthreedaysagobefore后接“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”,可用于任何時(shí)態(tài)。Wehopetogethomebefore4o'clock.before（不接時(shí)間），常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Ihaveneverseensuchamovingfilmbeforebefore放在“段時(shí)間”之后,常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中，與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用。Hesaidhefinishedhisworkthreedaysbeforelater“……之后”放在“段時(shí)間”之后，用于“段時(shí)間”+later:threehourslaterafter放在“段時(shí)間”之前，after+“段時(shí)間”兩個(gè)詞組都常用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。（in+“時(shí)間段”，after+“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”常用于將來(lái)時(shí)。)muchtoo與toomuchmuchtoo修飾形容詞和副詞。toomuch修飾不可數(shù)名詞Itismuchtoocoldtoday..Thereistoomuchiceontheroad.Just與justnowjust剛剛，常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。justnow剛才，常用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.Isawhimonmywayhomejustnow.sometime,sometimes,sometime,sometimessometime表示將來(lái)或過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)候；sometimes指“有時(shí)候”；sometime指一段時(shí)間sometimes幾次，幾倍HegoestoHaikouforaholidaysometimes.HewillgotoHaikousometimenextmonth.Hewillstaythereforsometime.already,yet,stillalready表示某事已經(jīng)發(fā)生；still表示某事仍在進(jìn)行；兩者主要用于肯定句，yet用于疑問(wèn)句表示“已經(jīng)”,用于否定句表示“還沒(méi)有”、“尚未”.HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyetIhavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Hehasn'tfinishedhishomeworkyet.練習(xí)一、選詞填空1.Myfatherisa_____teacher.HeteachesEnglishvery______.(good,well)2._______luck,Idid______intheexam.(bad,badly)3.Thesunis______.itisshining______.(bright,brightly)Wanggoestoschoolas_____.He_____goestoschoolbybike.(usual,usually)problemisso_____thattheycanworkitout_______(easy,easily)6.Lucyisvery_______inclass.Shedoeseverything______(careful,carefully)7.Theteacheralwaystalksina_____voiceinclass.Heusuallyspeaks______totheclass.

(loudly,loud)8.Theclothfeels______andsells_____.(good,well)foodtastes__________(good,well)______(nice,well)theflowersmells!youbelievethatin____arichcountrythereare_____manypoorpeople.(so,such)noiseis________noisy.(toomuch,muchtoo)二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。is_________(terrible)ill.looksso______(happy)today,becauseshehasgotan"A'inhermathstest3.Theflowerslook________(real)beautiful.4.Thesongsounds_________(beautiful)littlegirlhasa_____voice.Shespeak______(loud)hasa_______family.Shelives_____withherparentsandbrothercan'tspeak_______(free)inclass.8.Ican'tsee_____(clear)withoutmyglasses_______(wonderful)heplayedfootballHongdoesn'tstudyas______(care)asTom.outside!Itisraining_______(heavy)12.OnSaturdaychildrenplayinthepark_______(happy).13.IworkhardbecauseI_______(real)likethisjob.14.LiLiefelloffthebike,but_____(luck)hewasn't_______(bad)hurtmustspeaktotheoldmen______(polite)二、給出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)。good___________much__________well_____________many____________bad_____________ill____________badly_____________little____________far_______________一、選擇填空。1()Kateisnotas____asJim.taller2()Englishisas_____asChinese.A.moreimportantB.mostimportantC.importantD.themostimportant3()Theiceinthelakeisas____asitwasbefore.thinnest4()Bobneverdoeshishomework____Mary.Hemakeslotsofmistakes.A.socarefulasB.ascarefullyasC.carefullyasD.ascarefulas5()Thehorseisoldandcannotrun__itdid.A.asfasterasB.sofastthanC.asfastas6()Tom'sshoesare___thanhers.A.morecheapB.muchcheaperC.morecheaperD.cheapest7()Anelephantis_____thanatiger.A.heavyB.heavyerC.heavierD.theheaviest8()Icantype____thanIcanwritebyhand.A.fastB.muchfasterC.morefasterD.fastest9()IthinkHarbinis____thanQingdao.A.interestingB.muchmoreinterestingC.muchinterestingD.themostinteresting10()Chinais___thananyothercountryinAsia.A.largestB.muchbigC.largerD.biggest11()Shanghaiis__than___cityinAustraliaA.bigger,anyotherB.biggest,anyotherC.bigger,anyD.biggest,anyother12()ThepopulationofTianjinis___thanthatofShanghai.A.largerB.lessC.smallD.fewer13.()Ifyouwanttokeepfit,you'dbettereatmorevegetableand____meat.A.fewB.littleC.lessD.fewer14()Rememberboysandgirls,____youwork,____theresultyouwillget.better,theharder,thebetterCTheharder,thebetterhard,thegood15()____youare,___mistakesyou'llmake.morecarefully,thefewermorecareful,thefewermostcarefully,thefewestD.Themostcareful,thefewest16()Whichsubjectis___EnglishormathsB.themostdifficultC.mostdifficultD.moredifficult17()Iwasfeelingtiredlastnight,soIwenttobed____thanusual.A.earlyB.earlierC.lateD.later18()Whichis____,thisoneorthatoneB.bigerC.biggerD.biggest19()Lilyis_____oneofthetwogirls.tallertallest20()Ofthetwoskirt,theredoneis____.nicestnicer21()Theworldisbecoming____asthepopulationisgrowing.andcrowdandmorecrowedandcrowdederandcrowdedly22()Chinaisbecoming____.andstrongandstrongerandmorestrongstrongandmorestrong23()Thelittleboyisgetting_____A.longandlongB.tallandtallC.longerandlongerD.tallerandtaller24()Mysisteris______thanI.yearsold.B.twoyearsolderC.oldtwoyearsD.oldertwoyears25()我的房子比他們的大三倍。A.Myroomisasthreetimesbigastheirs.B.Myroomisasfourtimesbigastheirs.C.Myroomisthreetimesasbigastheirs.D.Myroomisfourtimesasbigastheirs.26()Smithis____ofthethree.tallestB.mosttallC.taller27.()Thisis____libraryinourcity.D.thebiggest28.()HainanIslandisthesecond___islandinChina.A.largeC.largestD.mostlarge29.()October15thwasoneof____daysin2003,Shengzhou-Vwassentupsuccessrully.B.themostexcitingC.moreexcitingD.mostexciting30()Englishisoneofthe____atschool.difficultsubjectdifficultsubjectsdifficultsubjectdifficultsubjects31()NobodycancatchupwithJim.Healwaysruns_____inourclass.B.fastestC.moreslowlyD.mostslowly32()Thisbookisvery___andIam___init..,interest,interested,interesting,interested33()LiLeididquite___intheEnglishcompetition.Idideven____.A.better,wellB.good,betterC.well,betterD.well,good34()Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolistwiceas__asthatoftheirs.Itis3000.A.manyB.muchC.bigD.small35()Ifheis___,he'l