初中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)及練習(xí)試題

初優(yōu)選中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)及練習(xí)試題初優(yōu)選中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)及練習(xí)試題初優(yōu)選中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)及練習(xí)試題一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)歸納語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)共有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特別形式，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，只有需要?jiǎng)幼鲗?duì)象的及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。漢語(yǔ)經(jīng)常用“被”、“受”、“給”等詞來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。如：Heopenedthedoor.他打開(kāi)了這扇門。（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Thedoorwasopened.這扇門被打開(kāi)了。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過(guò)去分詞部分不變。疑問(wèn)式和否定式的變化也這樣。1、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)較常有的八種，現(xiàn)以動(dòng)詞clean為例列表說(shuō)明：1)am/is/are+done(過(guò)去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.2）has/havebeendone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.3）am/is/arebeingdone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．4）was/weredone一般過(guò)去時(shí)IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.5）hadbeendone過(guò)去完成時(shí)Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.6）was/werebeingdone過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.7）shall/willbedone一般將來(lái)時(shí)Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.8）shall/willhavebeendone將來(lái)完成時(shí)TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly.、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句式變化：以一般在和

invite

例，列表示被的句式化：3、含有情的被情的被構(gòu)：情+be+去分；其及句型的化由情完成，“be+去分”部分不。如：Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石制造。Tablescouldbemadeofstoneatthattime.

那桌子可由石制造。（一般去）Cantablesbemadeofstone?

桌子能用石制造？（疑句）三、被的用法：1、不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出是作的行者。如：Thebridgewasbuiltlastyear.

座是昨年建筑的。Hewaselectedchairman.

他被主席。2、當(dāng)更加作的承受者。此作的行者由

by

引置于此后，不需要能夠省略。如：Theroomhasn'tbeencleanedyet.

房沒(méi)有打。Thetigerwaskilledbyhim.

老虎被他死了。3、看作的行者不是人，多用被。如：Thewindowwasblownbywind.

窗被吹開(kāi)了。Thewholevillagehasbeenwashedawaybytheflood.

整個(gè)農(nóng)村都被洪水沖走了。4、表示客的明常用“

Itis+

去分”句型。一些表示“據(jù)”或“相信”的如

believe,

consider,

expect,

report,

say,suppose,think

等能夠用于句型“

It

＋be＋去分＋that從句”或“主＋

be＋去分＋

todosth.

”。有：Itissaidthat

?據(jù),Itisreportedthat

?據(jù)道，

Itisbelievedthat

?大家相信，Itishopedthat?大家希望，Itiswellknownthat?眾所周知，It

is

thought

that

?大家，Itissuggestedthat?據(jù)建。例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.

（＝Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.

）如：ItissaidthatLucyhasgoneabroad.

據(jù)露茜已出國(guó)了。Itisbelievedthatheisaspy.(=Heisbelievedtobeaspy.)

大家相信他是個(gè)。四、主被示：1、主被的步：將主句的主：注意：若是主句的是代，需將其由格主格。如：Tomkilledhim.→HewaskilledbyTom.將改“be+去分”。注意：Theyheldameetingyesterday.→Ameetingwasheldbythemyesterday.他昨天開(kāi)會(huì)了。將主的主改by?放在后。注意：若是原主是代，由主格格。如：Hesangasong.→Asongwassungbyhim.2、主被的注意事：主句中的主若是是people,we,you,they,somebody等含糊地表示“人”、“大家”的，被句，平時(shí)去“by?”，但原主被除外。如：Theysetupthishospitalin1975.→Thishospitalwassetupin1975.這所醫(yī)院建于1975年。Onlyhecanfinishthejob.→只有他能完成這項(xiàng)工作。Thejobcanbefinishedonlybyhim.這項(xiàng)工作只能由他來(lái)完成。含有雙賓語(yǔ)，即直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)的句子，每個(gè)賓語(yǔ)都可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，即其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式。但多以間接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。如：Jacktoldusthetruth.杰克告訴了我們真相。WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.Thetruthwastold(to)usbyJack.五、動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)之意以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)之意的動(dòng)詞多為連系動(dòng)詞，如：look，feel，smell等。以下動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)式：happen，cost，have如：Anaccidentwashappenedyesterday.（×）昨天發(fā)生了一起事故。Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.（）Theflowersmellssweet.這花聞起來(lái)很香。Thewatchlooksgood.這表看起來(lái)很好。Thisbooksellswell.這本書(shū)熱賣。六、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1.英語(yǔ)中有很多動(dòng)詞如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)特色時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語(yǔ)平時(shí)是物。Thiskindofclothwasheswell.注意：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)重申的是主語(yǔ)的特色，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則重申外界作用造成的影響。試比較：Thedoorwon'tlock．（指門自己有弊端）Thedoorwon'tbelocked．（指不會(huì)有人來(lái)鎖門,指“門沒(méi)有鎖”是人的原因）2.表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?些是如何引出來(lái)的呢？3.系沒(méi)有被形式,但有些表示感覺(jué)、感官的系feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表構(gòu)中常以主形式表示被意。Yourreasonsoundsreasonable七、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義在某些句型中可用名和不定式的主形式表被意。1．在need，want，require,bear等的后邊，名用主形式表示被意，其含相當(dāng)于不定式的被形式。例Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．房子需要維修。2．形容worth后邊跟名的主形式表示被含，但不能夠跟不定式；而worthy后邊跟不定式的被形式。例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）不定式在名后邊作定，不定式和名之相關(guān)系，又和句中另一名或代構(gòu)成主關(guān)系,不定式的主形式表示被含。例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo與things是關(guān)系，與I是主關(guān)系。)比：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?(此用不定式的被作定表示you不是post作的行者。)在某些“形容＋不定式”做表或足的構(gòu)中，句子的主或又是不定式的，常用不定式的主形式表達(dá)被意。些形容有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.（可看作toworkout省略了forme）.5．在too?to?構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加主，所以用主形式表示被意。Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.在therebe?句型中，當(dāng)不定式修名作定，不定式用主式作定，重點(diǎn)在人，用被形式作定，重點(diǎn)在物。例Thereisnotimetolose（tobelost）．（用tolose可看作forustolose；用tobelost，losttime不明確。）7.在betodo構(gòu)中的一些不定式平時(shí)用主表主,被表被。可是,由于古英的影響,下列rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主形式表示被意。Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?八、介詞in,on,under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)意義表示方向的介與含作意的名合用，含被之，其意相當(dāng)于名相的被形式，名前一般不用冠。1.“under+名”構(gòu)，表示“某事內(nèi)行中”。常的有：undercontrol（受控制）,undertreatment（在治中）,underrepair（在維修中）,underdiscussion（在中）,underconstruction（在施工中）。Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed).2．“beyond+名”構(gòu)，“出乎????、范、限度”。常的有：beyondbelief(令人以置信)，beyondone’sreach（鞭莫及），beyondone’scontrol（無(wú)法控制），beyondourhope．我的成功始料不及。例Therumourisbeyondbelief（=can’tbebelieved）．“above+名”構(gòu),表示“(品、行、能力等)超??、高于??”。例Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise．=Hishonestcharactercannotbepraisedenough．4．“for+名”構(gòu)，表示“適于??、著??”。如：forsale(銷售),forrent（出租）等。Thathouseisforsale.(=Thathouseistobesold).5．“in+名”構(gòu)，表示“在??程中或范內(nèi)”常的有：inprint（在印刷中），insight(在野范內(nèi))，等。例Thebookisnotyetinprint．(=isnotyetprinted)6．“on+名”構(gòu),表示“在從事??中”。常的有：onsale(銷售)，onshow（展出）,ontrial（受）。Todaysometreasuresareonshowinthemuseum(=arebeingshowed).7．“outof+名”構(gòu)；表示“超出??之外“，常的有：outofcontrol(控制不了)，outofsight（超出之外），outofone’sreach(不著),outoffashion(不流行)等。例Theplanewasoutofcontrol(can’tbecontrolled)．。8．“within+名”構(gòu)，“在??內(nèi)、不超??”。Hetooktwodaysoffwithintheteacher'spermission一．填空1.Insomecountries,tea______withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served2.Greatchanges_____inmyhometownsince1980.A.havebeentakenplaceB.tookplaceC.havetakenplaceD.weretakenplace3.Thenewtypeofcarisgoingto______inthreeyears.A.turnoutB.beturnedoutC.hasturnedoutD.havebeenturnedout4.Thewomanmurderedherfriendand______to______.A.wassentenced,deathB.sentencing,dieC.sentenced,deathD.sentenced,die－Doyouliketheskirt?It_______soft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt6.Areyoustillhere?Youwerehereanhourago.Who________for?A.areyouwaitingB.didyouwaitC.wereyouwaitingD.doyouwait7._____toknowProfessorZhang.A.HesaidB.IsaidC.HeissaidD.Itsays－Iwanttositatthetablenearthewindow.Sorry,______already.A.ittookB.ittakesC.itistakingD.ithasbeentaken9.Theletter_______threedaysagoandit______yesterday.A.hadpost,hadarrivedB.wasposted,arrivedC.posted,arrivedD.hadbeenposted,wasarrived10.Hetoldmethatthefinalexamination_______nextThursday.A.isgivenB.willbegivenC.wouldhavegivenD.wouldbegiven11.Water______intoice.A.willchangedB.mustbechangedC.shouldchangeD.canbechanged12.Plays______twiceamonthinthattheatre.A.putonB.areputonC.wasputonD.oftenputon13.Thebirds_______flyawaylastSaturday.A.lettoB.islettoC.wasletD.wereletto14.Astrangesound______yesterdayevening.A.washeardB.hearsC.heardD.isheard15.Abeautifulbike_______himbyhisclassmates.A.senttoB.willsenttoC.wassenttoD.willbesentfor16.MissChen______just______tospeakatthemeeting.A.has?beenaskedB.hasbeen?askedC.Havebeen?askedD.have?beenasked17.Meat_______outinthisshop.Wecan_________now.A.havebeensold,getnothingB.hasbeensold,getnothingC.hasbeensold,getsomeD.havebeensold,getsome18.Thenewplay_______intheatrenow.Whydon’tyougoinandseeit?A.isbeingshownB.isshowingC.isshownD.shows19.Canyoutell_______?A.whendidithappenB.whenwasithappenedC.whenithappenedD.whenitwashappened20.______thejob______byLucyorbyJohn?Tellmethetruth,please.A.Has?finishedB.Has?beingfinishedC.Is?finishD.Has?beenfinished.用所給動(dòng)詞的合適時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)填空When_____thefirstman-madesatellite_______(send)upintospace?Lastyearvegetables____(grow)inthegardenbyTomandhe_____(sell)themhimself.She______(help)himwithhishomeworktomorrowevening.Howmanymagazines______(canborrow)inyourlibraryeveryweek?John______(hear)togoupstairstwohoursago.－Who______(save)herfather?He______(save)bythatpoliceman.Thedoctor______(sendfor)becausehisgrandpawasill.Mooncakes______(make)byhismothereveryyear.______yourmother_____(make)mooncakesforyoueveryyear?Sometoys______(buy)asapresentsforthesechildrenlastMonday._____paper______(make)ofwood?三.Correctthesesentences.(改正以下句子)Thishousebuilt100yearsago.Footballplaysinmostcountriesoftheworld.___________________Whydidthelettersendtothewrongaddress?___________________Agarageisaplacewherecarsrepair.____________________Whereareyouborn?____________________HowmanylanguagesarespeakinginSwitzerland?_______________Somebodybrokeintoourhousebutnothingstolen._______________Whenwasinventedt