英語教學法復習題

山東理工大學成人高等教育英語教學法復習題I.Explainthefollowingterms.DiscoursecompetenceMistakeCriticalperiodhypothesisImplicitknowledgeSightvocabularyPragmaticcompetencetaskactivevocabularyExercisesDenotativemeaning(ofaword).Fillintheblankswithproperwords.Theelementsthatcontributetothequalitiesofagoodlanguageteachercanbecategorizedintothreegroups: , andTask-basedlanguageteachinghasstressedtheimportancetocombineteachingwithteaching.Questionshavebeenclassifiedusingdifferentcriteria.Forexample,itcanbeclassifiedintoandopenquestions,displayquestionsandquestions,lower-orderandquestions.Therearetwokindsofstressthatareimportanttoachievinggoodpronunciation.Theyarestressandstress.Inmeaningfulpracticethefocusison,orOurrealisticgoalofteachingpronunciationshouldbe:,andReceptive/passivevocabularyreferstowordsthatoneisabletoandinreadingorlisteningbutunabletoinspeakingorwriting.Littlewood(1981:20)dividescommunicativespeakingactivitiesintotwotypes:activitiesandactivities.Themainpurposeforreadingaloudistowithotherswhilesilentreadingisfororinformation.ThemostpopularteachingstagesarethreeP’smodel,whichinclude:,,and.Thetheoryoflearningisreferredtoasbehaviorism,whichhasthreemajorstages,“,andreinforcement”.Grant(1987)designedaquestionnaire,whichcanbeusedaschecklistwhenteachersselecttextbooksfortheirstudents.Judgethefollowingstatementstrue(T)orfalse(F).()1.ThemainaimofEnglishlanguageteachingispromotingthestudangua“overalllability”.()2.StudentsneedtobeabletowriteInternationalPhoneticAlphabets.(IPA)()3.Whentheteacherjoinedthestudents,heshouldnotdominateorappeartobeauthoritative.()4.Studentsneedtobegivendetailedgrammarrulesiftheyaretolearnaforeignlanguagesuccessfully.()5.Theprocessapproachtowritinghighlightsaccuratechoiceofwords,completesentencestructure,paragraphorganizationandsystematicmodel.()6.Languagesconsistof"words"withequivalentsfromonelanguagetoanother.()7.Whenweread,oureyesareconstantlymovingfromlettertoletter,wordtowordandsentencetosentence.()8.Whenthestructuralviewoflanguagewascombinedwiththestimulus-responseprinciplesofBehaviouristicpsychology,TBLTemerged.()9.Portfoliosmayincreasetheworkloadofteachersandstudents,butifusedproperly,itshouldn't.Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.Howdoyouinterpretbottom-upmodelforteachingreading?Whatdoesitmeantoknowaword?Whatdoes“structuralviewonlanguage”advocates?Whatdoeffectivereadersdo?What’sthecognitivetheoryoflanguagelearning?Whatarethefeaturesofcommunicativelanguageteaching?WhatarethethreestepsinhelpinglearnerslearntouseresourcesaccordingtoRyan?WhatarethesevenintelligencesproposedbyGardner?Canyouexplainthembriefly?WhatarethemeasuresforindisciplinedactsandbadlybehavingstudentssuggestedbyHarmer?參考答案I.Discoursecompetencereferstoonesabilitytocreatcoherentwrittentextorconversationandtheabilitytounderstandthem.Amistakereferstoaperformanceerrorthatiseitherarandomguessora?slipoftongue,anditisafailureperformancetoaknownsystem.CriticalPeriodHypothesisstatesthatifhumansdonotlearnaforeignlanguagebeforeacertainage(perhapsaroundpuberty),thenduetochangessuchasmaturationofthebrain,itbecomesimpossibletolearntheforeignlanguagelikeanativespeaker.implicitknowledgereferstoknowledgethatunconsciouslyexistsinourmind,whichwecanmakeuseofautomaticallywithoutmakinganyeffort.Wordsthatoneisabletorecognizeimmediatelyareoftenreferredtoassightvocabulary.Itisconcernedwiththeappropriatenessuseofthelanguageinsocialcontext.Thechoiceofthevocabularyandstructuredependsonthesetting,therelativestatusofthespeakers,andtheirrelationships.Taskhasfourmaincomponents:apurpose,acontext,aprocess,aproduct.Activevocabularyreferstowordsthatoneisnotonlyabletorecognizeandcomprehendbutalsoabletouseautomaticallyinspeakingandwriting.theactivitieswhichfocusonindividualaspectsoflanguage,suchasvocabulary,grammarorindividualskills.Denotativemeaningofawordoralexicalitemreferstothosewordsthatweusetolabelthingsasregardsrealobjectsinthephysicalworld.ethicdevotion,professionalqualities,personalstylesform-focused,communication-focusedclosed,genuine,higher-orderword-levelstress,phrase-level/sentence-levelstressproduction,comprehension,exchangeofmeaningconsistency,intelligibility,communicativeefficiencyrecognise,comprehend,useautomaticallyfunctionalcommunication,socialinteractionshareinformation,getting,extractingPresentation,practiceandproductionStimulus,responseThree-partIII.T2.F3.T4.F5.F6.F7.F8.F9.TW.Someteachersteachreadingbyintroducingnewvocabularyandnewstructuresfirstandthengoingoverthetextsentencebysentence.Thisisfollowedbysomequestionsandanswersandreadingaloudpractice.Thiswayofteachingreadingreflectsthebeliefthatreadingcomprehensionisbasedontheunderstandingandmasteryofallthenewwords,newphrases,andnewstructuresaswellasalotofreadingaloudpractice.Also,thisreadingfollowsalinearprocessfromtherecognitionofletters,towords,tophrases,tosentences,toparagraphs,andthentothemeaningofthewholetext.1)Knowingawordmeansknowingitspronunciationandstress;2)knowingawordmeansknowingitsspellingandgrammaticalproperties;3)knowingawordmeansknowingitsmeaning;4)knowingawordmeanknowinghowandwhentouseittoexpresstheintendedmeaning.WatsonandRaynorformulatedastimulus-responsetheoryofpsychology,inwhichallcomplexformsofbehaviorareseenascomposedofsimplemuscularandglandularelementsthatcanbeobservedandmeasured.Theyclaimedthatemotionalreactionsarelearnedinmuchthesamewayasotherskills.Thekeypointofthetheoryofconditioningisthat“youcantrainananimaltodoanythingifyoufollowacertainprocedurewhichhasthreemajorstages,stimulus,response,andreinforcement.Basedonthetheoryofconditioning,Skinnersuggestedlanguageisalsoaformofbehavior.Itcanbelearnedthesamewayasananimalistrainedtorespondtostimuli.Thistheoryoflearningisreferredtoasbehaviorism.Theyhaveaclearpurposeinreading;readsilently;readphrasebyphrase,ratherthanwordbyword;concertrateontheimportantbits,skimtherest,andskiptheinsignificantparts;usedifferentspeedsandstrategiesfordifferentreadingtasks;perceivetheinformationinthetargetlanguageratherthanmentallytranslate;guessthemeaningofnewwordsfromthecontext,orignorethem;haveandusebackgroundinformationtohelpunderstandthetext.What'sthecognitivetheoryoflanguagelearning?AccordingtoChomsky,languageisnotaformofbehavior,itisanintricaterule-basedsystemandalargepartoflanguageacquisitionisthelearningofthissystem.Thereareafinitenumberofgrammaticalrulesinthesystemandwithaknowledgeoftheserulesaninfinitenumberofsentencescanbeproduced.Alanguagelearneracquireslanguagecompetence,whichenableshimtoproducelanguage.ThoughChomsky'stheoryisnotdirectlyappliedinlanguageteaching,ithashadagreatimpactontheprofession.Oneinfluentialideaisthatstudentsshouldbeallowedtocreatetheirownsentencesbasedontheirunderstandingofcertainrules.Whatarethefeaturesofcommunicativelanguageteaching?Basedontheconceptofcommunicativecompetenceandaimingatdevelopingsuchcompetence,communicativelanguageteachinghasthefollowingfeatures:Itstressestheneedtoallowstudentsopportunitiesforauthenticandcreativeuseofthelanguage.Itfocusesonmeaningratherthanform.Itsuggeststhatlearningshouldberelevanttotheneedsofthestudents.Itadvocatestask-basedlanguageteaching.Studentsshouldbegiventaskstoperformorproblemstosolveintheclassroom.Itemphasizesafunctionalapproachtolanguagelearning.Also,tobecompetentinthetargetlanguage,learnersshouldacquirenotonlylinguisticknowledge,butalsothecultureofthatlanguage.WhatarethethreestepsinhelpinglearnerslearntouseresourcesaccordingtoRyan?Thefirststepisaconsciousness-raisingdiscussionofavailableresources.Theteachercanaskthestudentstodiscussandsharewhatresourcestheyusetoextendlearningoutsidetheclassroom.Thentheteacherwillmodelbypresentingandpracticingsometechniquestoexploitresources:gatheringinformationfromnewspapersinreadilyunderstandableformorusingphotosandnamesinheadlinetopredictthecontentsofarticles.Finally,theteachercanintroducethetheoreticalassumptionsunderlyingtheselectionofresourcesandtechniques.WhatarethesevenintelligencesproposedbyGardner?Canyouexplainthembriefly?Verbal/LinguisticIntelligence:theabilitytousewordseffectively,bothorallyandinwriting.MusicalIntelligence:sensitivitytorhythm,pitch,andmelody.Logical/MathematicalIntelligence:theabilitytousenumberseffectivelyandreasonsaswell.Spatial/VisualIntelligence:sensitivitytoform,space,color,line,andshape.Bodily/KinestheticIntelligence:theabilitytousethebodytoexpressideasandfeelings,andtosolveproblems.InterpersonalIntelligence:theabilitytounderstandanotherpersonsmood,feelings,motivation,andintentions.IntrapersonalIntelligence:theabilitytounderstandyourself,yourstrength,weakness,moods,desires,andintentions.Whatarethemeasuresforindisciplinedactsandbadlybehaving