2023版高三一輪總復習英語北師大版（皖）第1部分選擇性必修第3冊UNIT 9HUMAN BIOLOGY

18/18課標單詞背誦(先填后背)1．biologyn．生物學2．capabilityn．(完成困難事情的)能力，才能3．marathonn．馬拉松賽跑4．justifyvt.證明……有道理，為……辯護5．infervt.推斷，推定6．innovatevi.&vt.革新，創(chuàng)新，改革7．bettermentn．(個人社會和經濟地位的)改良，改善，提高8．clonevt.克隆，使無性繁殖n．克隆動物或植物，無性繁殖的個體9．editvi.&vt.編輯，編校；剪輯，剪接10．artificiallyadv.人為地，虛假地11．identicaladj.完全相同的，非常相似的12．twinn．雙胞胎中的一個13．cameln．駱駝14．cattlen．牛15．goatn．山羊16．foreveradv.永遠；長久地17．reproductiveadj.繁殖的，生殖的18．whollyadv.完全地19．cluen．線索，提示20．treatmentn．診療，治療，療法；對待方式21．emotionn．強烈的情感，激情22．crucialadj.至關重要的，關鍵性的23．boundadj.很有可能，肯定會24．mereadj.僅僅，只不過；極小的，極不重要的25．abusevt.濫用，妄用；虐待n．濫用；虐待26．blessingn．福氣，幸運27．organn．器官28．containvt.包含，容納，裝盛29．crosswordn．縱橫字謎，縱橫填字游戲30．zonen．地區(qū)，地帶31．intaken．攝入量，攝取量第二組1．virusn．病毒2．variationn．變化物，變體；差異，變動3．factorn．因素，要素4．classifyvt.將……分類；把……歸入一類5．rareadj.稀有的，罕見的，不常發(fā)生的6．baselinen．(醫(yī)學或科學中的)基線，準線7．widespreadadj.分布廣的，廣泛流傳的8．classificationn．歸類，分類，分級9．samplen．樣本，樣品vt.品嘗，嘗試；對……做抽樣調查10．symptomn．癥狀；征兆，癥候11．posevt.造成，引起，產生(問題、危險、困難等)；n.(為畫像、拍照等而擺的)姿勢，姿態(tài)12．lungn．肺13．outbreakn．(戰(zhàn)爭或疾病)爆發(fā)，突然發(fā)生14．trialn．試驗；審判，審理15．actualadj.實際的，真實的16．underlinevt.強調，使突出；在……之下劃線17．thoroughadj.徹底的，全面的，詳盡的18．systematicadj.系統化的，有條理的19．paragraphn．(文章的)段，段落20．correspondingadj.相應的；對應的21．differvi.不同，不一樣；有異意22．identifyvt.確定，發(fā)現；認出，識別23．symbolicallyadv.象征地，象征性地24．phenomenonn．現象25．mineraln．礦物質；礦產26．needlen．針27．databasen．數據庫，資料庫28．suspectn．(犯罪)嫌疑人，可疑分子29．victimn．(襲擊事件、搶劫事件或兇殺案的)受害者30．astronomern．天文學家[單詞拼寫·運用]核心單詞語境運用1．calculatevt.計算，核算2．barriern．障礙，壁壘3．estimatevt.&n.估計4．buryvt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏5．globen.地球，世界；地球儀用所給詞的適當形式填空。1．Theseman-madebarriers(barrier)willensureaveryhighdegreeofprotection.2．Ithinkyouhavemadeanerrorincalculating(calculate)thetotal.3．Itisestimated(estimate)thatthemeetingwilllastfourdays.4.Shealwayshasherheadburied(bury)inabook.5．Global(globe)ecologicaleffortscaneasilybeatoddswithlocalecologies.派生單詞語境運用1．participatevi.參加→participationn．參加，參與→participantn．參加者，參與者2．comparevi.&vt.比較，對比→comparisonn．比較3．accurateadj.準確的，正確的→accuracyn．準確性4.locatevi.&vt.找出……的準確位置→locatedadj.位于；坐落在→locationn．位置；定位5．officialadj.正式的；官方的n．官員；要員→officiallyadv.官方地，正式地6．opposevi.&vt.抵制，反對；抗爭→opposedadj.與某事物相反；反對某事物，不贊成某事物→oppositionn．抵制，反對7．depressvt.使沮喪；使蕭條→depressedadj.沮喪的，情緒低落的→depressingadj.令人沮喪的，讓人憂愁的→depressionn．沮喪；蕭條用所給詞的適當形式填空。1．Uptonow,therehavebeenmorethan100participantsinallparticipatinginthecampaign.Asaresultoftheirparticipation,thingsaregettingbetterandbetter.(participate)2．Comparedwiththatcomputer,thisoneisbetter.Butintermsofpricethereisnocomparison．(compare)3．ThevillageislocatedonthebankoftheYellowRiveranditslocationmakesitveryattractive.(locate)4．Thestudentslivingfarawayfromtheschoolwerestronglyopposedtotheplan.Theiroppositionpreventedtheplanfrombeingcarriedout.(oppose)5．Itisdifficulttoworkoutthebillsaccurately,sothereisneedtochecktheaccuracyofthesefigures.(accurate)6.Officially,thetalkswilltakeplacenextMondayandsomeofficialswilltakepartinthetalks.(official)7.Hiswholeexperiencewasverydepressing,whichmadehisparentsmoredepressed.(depress)1．(2020·天津卷)HowcouldIpossiblytakethetimetoposeforasculpturenow？ AA．(為畫像、攝影等)擺姿勢 B．引起 C．提問2．(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)ThelockersarelocatedinBuilding1neartheInformationDeskandinBuilding3． BA．找出……的準確位置 B．位于 C．創(chuàng)辦于(某地)[短語理解·運用]高頻短語語境運用1．leadto導致；通向2．incomparisonwith與……比較3．bedevotedto致力于4.becrucialfor對……至關重要5．beboundto一定會6．consistof由……組成7．asopposedto正與……相反8．diefrom死于9．getthrough度過，熬過10．resultin導致11．comeupwith提出選用左面短語的適當形式填空。1．Incomparisonwithmetal,plasticshavebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.2．Studyhard,oryouwillbeboundtofailfinalexamination.3．TheUnitedKingdomconsistsofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland4．Hishardworkresultedinabigbonusforhim.5．Atthemeeting,hecameupwithanewsuggestiontosolvetheproblem.6.Theendresultisanincreaseincostasopposedtoareductionincost.[句式辨識·運用]教材原句背誦句式結構仿寫1．insist跟從句Researchersinsistthatthescienceofcloningshouldbefurtherexploredandadvanced.英語老師堅持要我們在課堂內外都講英語。OurEnglishteacherinsiststhatweshouldspeakEnglishinandoutofclass.2．way后面跟定語從句Theycanbecausedbyseveraldifferentfactors，suchasavirusbeingcarriedintoanarea，orchangesinthewaypeoplelive...對工作方式做一些小的改變會比較容易。It'squiteeasytomakequitesmallchangestothewaythatyouwork．3．現在分詞作結果狀語Scientistsnowestimatethatupto50%ofthearea'spopulationdiedfromtheepidemic，makingitoneofthemaincausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpire.他父母死了，給他留下了許多錢。Hisparentsdied，leavinghimalotofmoney．1．capability[課本義]n.(完成困難事情的)能力，才能[增補義]n.(國家的)軍事力量(1)havethecapabilitytodosth./ofdoingsth.有做某事的能力(2)capableadj.有能力的；足以勝任的becapableof有能力……(3)incapableadj.無能力的；不能勝任的Ageaffectstherangeofaperson'scapabilities.年齡影響著一個人能力的強弱。Hehadnocapabilitytodealwiththematter.他沒有能力處理那件事。havethecapabilitytohandlethework具備處理這項工作的能力havethecapabilityofbecominganexcellentteacher有能力成為一名出色的教師[基礎練習]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①Hewasfoundlyingintheroad，drunkandincapable(capable).②He'squitecapabilityoflyingtogetoutoftrouble. capability→capable[鏈接寫作]——完成句子外國學生學習漢語，主要目的是希望能夠運用漢語進行交際。ThemainpurposeofforeignstudentslearningChineseistobecapableofcommunicatinginChinese．2．participantn．參加者，參與者[高考原句·2020·新高考卷Ⅰ]Theparticipantsfollowedsuit，takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.(1)participatevi.參加participatein參加participatein(doing)sth.withsb.同某人一起參加(做)某事(2)participationn．參加，參與Chinaisnowakeyparticipantintheinternationalsystem.中國已經成為國際體系的重要成員。Eachparticipantistopayhisownexpenses.每個參與者都必須自費。beanactiveparticipant成為積極的參與者participateinthediscussionactively積極參與這次討論[基礎練習]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①Morethan400childrenparticipatedintheclean-upofthepark.②Abackinjurypreventedanactiveparticipationinanysportsforawhile. 去掉an[鏈接寫作]——詞匯升級(普通表達)Weencouragestudentstotakepartintherunningofthecollege.(高級表達)Weencouragestudentstoparticipateintherunningofthecollege.3．identicaladj.完全相同的，非常相似的(1)beidenticalto和……一致(2)identifyvt.認出；鑒定identifyAwithB視A與B相等beidentifiedas被認出是……(3)identificationn．認出；鑒定；視為同一Hisglassesareidenticaltomine.他的眼鏡和我的完全一樣。Thisistheidenticalhotelwestayedatlastyear.這就是我們去年住過的旅館。arowofidenticalhouses一排完全一樣的房子adressalmostidenticaltomine一條和我的幾乎一模一樣的連衣裙[基礎練習]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①Theidentification(identify)ofthecrashvictimswasalonganddifficulttask.②Thebodieswereidentifiedasthoseoftwosuspecteddrugdealers.③Thenewbridgeisalmostidenticalwiththeoldone. with→to[鏈接寫作]——完成句子書的封面上有一只比格犬，它和我的狗看起來一模一樣。Thereonthebook'scoverwasabeaglewhichlookedidenticaltomydog.4．comparison[課本義]n.比較[增補義]n.對比，相比[高考原句·2019·江蘇卷]Bycomparison,thebrainsofapes(類人猿)requireonly8%ofrest-timeenergy.(1)bycomparison比較起來；相比之下incomparison(withsb./sth.)(與……)相比較(2)comparev．比較；對比comparedto/with...和……相比compare...to...把……比作compare...with...把……和……比較without/beyondcompare無與倫比(compare用作名詞)Thecomparisonshowsconsiderabledisagreementbetweentheoryandpractice.這一對比表明理論和實踐之間有相當大的出入。Incomparisonwithotherstudents,Mikeismorediligent.和其他學生相比，麥克更加勤勉一些。makeacomparisonwith和……相比acomparisonofmen'ssalarieswiththoseofwomen男女薪酬的比較[基礎練習]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①Thelovelinessofthescenewasbeyondcompare.②Thepoetcomparedthestreamtothesourceoflife.③Ourworkcanbecomparedwithabattle. with→to[鏈接寫作]——完成句子我遇到了一些困難，但與你的困難比起來就算不上什么了。I'vehadsomedifficulties,buttheywerenothingcomparedtoyours.5．treatment[課本義]n．診療，治療，療法；對待方式[增補義]n.處理[高考原句·2020·全國卷Ⅰ]Inthefuture，theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.(1)undertreatment在接受治療(2)treatvt.&vin．款待；招待treatsb.well/badly善待/虐待某人treat...as/like...把……當作……來對待treatsb.to請某人……，款待某人……Therearevarioustreatmentsavailableforthiscondition.對這種病情有各種療法。Unfortunately,theyfaceunfairtreatmentanddiscriminationinthatcountry.不幸的是，他們在那個國家遭到了不公平對待和歧視。receivetreatmentforshock接受休克治療treatpeoplewithrespect對人尊敬treathimtolunch請他吃午飯[名師點津]cure與treat的區(qū)別：cure主要強調治療后恢復健康，有治愈的意思。treat強調治療過程。指通過藥物，特別的食品或運動治療病人或治病，不強調結果。[基礎練習]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①Theytreatedtheorphanasoneofthefamily.②ThiswasthefirsttimeIhadbeentreated(treat)withsuchrespect.③Shetreatedmewithdeliciousfood. with→to[鏈接寫作]——完成句子瑪麗對于把她當小孩子對待感到氣憤。Marywasangryatbeingtreatedlikeachild.6．contain[課本義]vt.包含，容納，裝盛[增補義]vt.克制；抑制(感情等)；防止……蔓延(或惡化)[高考原句·2020·全國卷Ⅰ]Dataaboutthemoon'scomposition，suchashowmuchiceandothertreasuresitcontains，couldhelpChinadecidewhetheritsplansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.(1)containoneself克制自己(2)containern．容器；集裝箱；貨柜Thisdrinkdoesn'tcontainanyalcohol.這種飲料不含任何酒精。Icouldhardlycontainmycuriosity.我簡直無法克制我的好奇心。couldn'tcontainmyself(我)無法克制自己unabletocontainheranger無法克制她的憤怒[基礎練習]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①Whenhewascriticizedbytheboss，hewassoangrythathecouldn'tcontainhimself(he).②Thereare60studentsinourclass,contained35boysand25girls. contained→containing[鏈接寫作]——完成句子她無法抑制內心的激動，高興得跳起來。Shewasunabletocontainherexcitementandjumpedwithjoy.7．opposedadj.與某事物相反；反對某事物，不贊成某事物(1)beopposedto反對asopposedto相比之下(2)opposevt.反對；使對立；使對抗；抗爭opposesth./doingsth./sb.doingsth.反對某事/做某事/某人做某事Ourviewsareopposedonthisissue.在這個問題上，我們的觀點大相徑庭。Wearestronglyopposedtoracialdiscrimination.我們強烈反對種族歧視。remainfundamentallyopposedtotheplan依然從根本上反對這項計劃stronglyopposedhergoingtherealone極力反對她獨自去那個地方[基礎練習]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①Howdoesapoemchangewhenyoureaditoutloudasopposedtoitbeingonthepage?②Healsocalledonhisneighborstoopposebuildthehouses. build→building[鏈接寫作]——完成句子他們強烈反對我提的這個想法。TheyareviolentlyopposedtotheideathatIputforward.8．correspondingadj.相應的；對應的(1)correspondv．相一致，符合；通信correspondto/with符合，一致correspondwith和……通信(2)correspondencen．一致，相當；通信Achangeinthemoneysupplybringsacorrespondingchangeinexpenditure.貨幣供應量的改變隨即引起支出的相應改變。correspondto/withwhatwasactuallysaid與原話相符oftencorrespondwithone'sfriends常和朋友們通信[基礎練習]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①Thissignaturemustcorrespondwiththesignatureonthecreditcard.②Shedealswithallthecorrespondence(correspond)promptlyandefficiently.③Theresultsoftheexperimentcorrespondthetheoreticalanalysis. correspond后加to[鏈接寫作]——完成句子按所在頁面位置給每一幅畫編上相對應的號碼。Giveeachpictureanumbercorrespondingtoitspositiononthepage.9．getthrough[課本義]度過[增補義]用完；完成；接通電話；獲得批準；考試通過getsth.across使被理解getalong/onwith進展；與……相處getdownto(doing)sth.開始認真(做)某事getover克服Ithinkyoucangetthroughthefirsttwochapters.我想你能完成前兩章。Didyouhavetogetthroughanentranceexamination?你必須要通過入學考試嗎？getthroughthewinter熬過這個冬天getthroughtoher接通她的電話[基礎練習]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①Howwouldtheygetoverthatproblem?②Onceyouwanttodosomething，youmustgetdowntodoitwell.第二個do→doing[鏈接寫作]——完成句子我認為我很容易相處。IthinkI'mveryeasytogetalong/onwith．10．resultin導致，結果是[高考原句·2020·新高考卷Ⅰ]Hiseffortshaveresultedin1，360acresofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehometomanyplantsandanimals.(1)resultfrom意為“由于……而造成后果”，后接導致某事的原因；resultin“引起；導致”，后接導致某事的結果。(2)asaresult為固定短語，意為“結果，因此”，在句中作狀語，常置于句首，并用逗號和句子隔開。(3)asaresultof...意為“因為；由于；作為……的結果”。Foodallergiescanresultinanenormousvarietyofdifferentsymptoms.食物過敏會引發(fā)很多不同的癥狀。resultinexcellentgrades取得優(yōu)異成績injuriesresultingfromafall因摔倒而受的傷[基礎練習]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①Thefireresultedinelevenpeoplebeingkilledandthedestructionofthefactory.②Hisillnessmainlyresultedfromeatingbadfood.③Hewasinjuredasresultofatrafficaccident. as后加a[鏈接寫作]——句型轉換Hardworkresultedinhissuccess.→Hissuccessresultedfromhardwork.11．[教材原句]Theycanbecausedbyseveraldifferentfactors，suchasavirusbeingcarriedintoanarea，orchangesinthewaypeoplelive...它們可能由不同因素引起，例如病毒被帶入某個地區(qū)，或者由于人們生活方式的改變……(1)way后跟定語從句時，如果關系代詞在從句中作主語或賓語，則用關系代詞that/which，作賓語時可以省略，如果關系代詞在從句中作狀語則用that/inwhich或省略。(2)way表示“方式；方法”時，其后可以跟不定式或ofdoingsth.的形式。[金句推送](2020·全國卷Ⅲ)Afterawhile，sheapologizedforthewayshebehavedatthebeginning.過了一會兒，她為自己一開始的行為道歉。[基礎練習]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①Thewaythat/whichcameupatthemeetingwasunpractical.②Andyoushouldkeepitinmindthatcomparingnoteswithyourclassmatesfrequentlyisagoodwaytoimprovingyourstudy.to→of或improving→improve[鏈接寫作]——完成句子①你能告訴我你解決這個問題的方法嗎？Canyoutellmetheway(inwhich/that)yousolvedtheproblem?②你能告訴我你所曾經使用的解決這個問題的方法嗎？Canyoutellmetheway(which/that)youusedtosolvetheproblem?12．[教材原句]Scientistsnowestimatethatupto50%ofthearea'spopulationdiedfromtheepidemic，makingitoneofthemaincausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpire．現今科學家估計，發(fā)病區(qū)域多達50%的人口死于這一流行病，成為羅馬帝國衰落的一個主要原因?，F在分詞作狀語，表示結果，一般表示意料之中的結果。不定式短語作結果狀語，通常表示事先未曾預料到的情況或結果，有時不定式前用only，以加強“意想不到”的語氣。[金句推送](2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.為了給不斷增加的人口提供食物和住處，數百萬英畝的濕地都被弄干，結果水禽的棲息地大大減少了。[基礎練習]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①Danmadeabreakforhiscaronlytofind(find)thedriver'sdoorlocked.②Hedroppedtheglass，andbreakingitintopieces. 去掉and[鏈接寫作]——完成句子①水可以吸收或放出大量的熱量而其溫度不會變化很大，因此能創(chuàng)造一個穩(wěn)定的環(huán)境。Watercanabsorbandgiveoffalotofheatwithoutbigchangesintemperature,thuscreatingastableenvironment．②我匆忙趕到火車站，不料火車已經開走了。Irushedtothestationinahurry,onlytofindthetrainhadalreadygone．夯基固本——基礎落實Ⅰ．用所給詞的正確形式填空。1．Hehasbeenanactiveparticipant(participate)inthediscussion.2．Cultureisimportantbutbycomparison(compare)ofmilitaryhistoryit'sboring.3．Theyquestionedtheaccuracy(accurate)oftheinformationinthefile.4．Thenewmachineswillworkfaster，thusreducing(reduce)ourcost.5．Animalsinthezoohavelostthecapability(capable)tocatch/ofcatchingfoodforthemselves.Ⅱ．改正句中的錯誤。1．Shehurriedtotheparty,onlytofoundthattheyhadgone.found→find2．Comparetopeoplelivingonlyafewgenerationsago，wehavegreateropportunitiestohaveagoodtime. Compare→Compared3．Manypeopleopposedtobuildinganewhighwaybecauseofthegreatcost. 去掉to4．ShesawonatableanalbumcontainpicturesofEdwardatages. contain→containing5．Fontbonneisaliberalartcollege，locatedinaresidentialsuburbofSt.Louis. art→artsⅢ．在空白處填入一個適當的詞。1．Ithinkbothsexesareequallycapableoflookingafterchildren.2．Itissaidthatmanyseabirdsdiedasaresultoftheoilspill.3．Theschoolstrivestotreatpupilsasindividualsandtohelpeachonetoachievetheirfullpotential.4．Hewarnedyesterdaythatapayriseforworkerswouldleadtojobcuts.5．ItriedtocallyoubutIcouldn'tgetthrough．查缺補漏——知識拾遺Ⅰ．用所給詞的正確形式填空。1．Mothersareoftentheoneswhoprovideemotional(emotion)supportforthefamily.2．Iknowthatthisdrafttextwillneedediting/tobeedited(edit).3．Finally,hersuccessjustified(justify)thefaithherteachershadputinher.4．Muchofthemeaningmustbeinferred(infer)fromthecontext.5．Thepolicethinkthevideotapemayholdsomevitalclues(clue)totheidentityofthekiller.Ⅱ．在空白處填入一個適當的詞。1．Ihavepersonallybeendevotedtothiscauseformanyyears.2．Maybealotofpeopledon'tknowthefactthatwhalesareclassifiedasmammals.3．Theexamconsistsofanessayandanunseentranslation.4．Shewassuspectedofhavinglinkswithadissidentgroup.5．Mymotherwasburiedinreadinganovelwithoutnoticingmecomein.強技提能——語言運用Ⅰ．課文語法填空短文中黑體部分為本單元核心知識點，請在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式，并背誦該短文。Thereareseveralfactorsthatcausedanepidemic，whichhasa1．lower(low)baselinethantheflu.Thefirstbirdflu,amodern2．adaptation(adapt)ofthe1918SpanishFlu,appearedin1997，3．whichhastakenmorethanahundredlives.Inthe1330s，theBlackDeathbrokeoutinAsia，4.known(know)as“TheBlackDeath”，becauseonevisiblesymptomwasblackspots5．onthebody.TheSpanishFluhappenedin1918.Asaresultofwar，morepeopleweretravellingandmoving,whichmadeitspreadworldwide，6.killing(kill)upto50millionpeople.SARSbeganin2002inGuangdongandthenspreadtoCanada，VietnamandSingapore.About8，000people7.wereinfected(infect).TheoutbreakofEVDinAfricaresulted8.in11，310deaths.Itwasextremely9.infectious(infect)andthesurvivalratewaslow.Governmentsinthew