2022年初中英語句：比較句型分類與應(yīng)用

2022年初中英語句：比較句型分類與應(yīng)用

等比句

句型［主語（主體）+謂語+as+形容詞/副詞+as+被比對象］

1.HeisastallasI(am).2.Thiswindowisjustaswideasthatone.

3.Thisisjustasgoodanexampleastheother.4.DoesJohnworkashardasHenry?

5.Wehaveaccomplishedasmuchinthepastthreeyearsaswouldhavetakentenyearsinthepast.

[注]如果形容詞后有一個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,不定冠詞應(yīng)置于名詞之前形容詞后,如：HeisaspooraspeakerasI.

句型［主語+謂語+nomore形容詞//副詞（或no+形容詞/副詞比較級）+than+被比對象］

1.Sheisnolessdiligentthanhereldersister.2.Oneminutetoolateisnomoreintimethanhalfanhour.

3.ThefoodontheshipwasnobetterthanonanyothershiponwhichBillyhadsailed.

4.Wetoohaveaheadandtwohandsandarenostupiderthanothers.

5.Chinaswomen,nolessthanmen,areparticipatinginallkindsofworkinthesocialistconstructionoftheircountry.

[注]如果兩個(gè)主語相比，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與前一個(gè)保持一致關(guān)系。如：Henolessthanyouis(不是are)diligent.

[附注]表示等比的還有以下一些方式：

1)“...beequalto+被比對象”如：Adingledayisequaltotwentyyears.Instrength,heisequaltome.

2)“...beworth+被比對象”如：Aninchoftimeisworthaninchofgold.Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush

3)用其他詞語表達(dá)：Threeearlymorningswillmakeaday.OnlyheinourclasscancopewithyouinknowledgeofEnglish.

差比句句型［主語+謂語+形容詞比較級/副詞比較級+(名詞)+than+被比對象］

1.Toomuchhelpissometimesworsethannohelp.

2.Factsspeaklouderthaneloquence.(Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.)

3.Ourroomisalittlelargerthantheirsandithasmorefurnitureinit.

4.Lightdoesnottravelatthesamespeedthroughallmaterials;itgoesslowerthroughsomethanthroughothers.

[注]這種形容詞組合還可以作定語，置于名詞之后。如：Itfeedsonwormsandotherfishsmallerthanitself.

句型［主語+謂語+more/less+形容詞原級/副詞+than+被比對象］

1.Thisbookismoreinterestingthanthatone.

2.Heismoreattentiveinclassnowthanhewaslastterm.

3.Itslesscoldthanitwasyesterday.

4.Heworksmoreregularlythanyoudo.

5.Theneweditionislessexpensivethantheoldone.

[注1]使用比較級要注意兩點(diǎn)：

1)不要使用雙重比較級，如：(誤)Hisyoungerbrotherwasmorestrongerthanhe.

(正)Hisyoungerbrotherwasmuchstrongerthanhe.Hisyoungerbrotherwasstrongerthanhe.

2)不要使用無比較對象的孤立的比較級。如：(誤)Wesawmanysmallerhousesonbothsidesoftheriver.

(正)Wesawmanysmallhousesonbothsidesoftheriver.

(正)Wesawmanyhousessmallerthanusualonbothsidesoftheriver.

[注2]比較級前可加一些增強(qiáng)語氣的詞，如：much,even,still,alittle(bit),slightly,far,any,no,alot等。

Myroomisalittle(bit)smallerthanhers.Eighteenismuchlessthaneighty.

[注3]如果表示“因...而更...”可用句型the+比較級+for(或because,as等詞)，

如：Ilikehimallthebetterforhisfaults.Idonotlikehimthelessbecausehehasfaults.

Heisnonethehappierforhiswealth.Agoodtaleisnonetheworseforbeingtwicetold.

句型［主語+謂語+notso/notas+形容詞原級/副詞+as+被比對象］

1.Tomisnotsotallashisbrother.(Tomislesstallthanhisbrother.)

2.Mr.Greenisnotsooldashelooks.3.Itisntascoldasitwasyesterday.

4.JohndoesntworksohardasHenry.

5.Dawneyansweredslowly:“Neversohappyaswhenmyhandsarefull.

句型［主語+謂語+以or結(jié)尾的形容詞比較級+to+被比對象］

1.Hisstrengthissuperiorto(=greaterthan)mine.2.Myknowledgeisinferiorto(=lessthan)his.

3.Isyourfatherseniortomine?Myfatherisjuniortoyours.

4.HisarrivalinNewYorkisposteriortothatofmyfriend.

5.Coloredpeoplearebynomeansinferiortowhitepeople.

句型［被比對象(第一分句暗示某種程度)+主體(第二分句含比較級)］

1.Icaughtthelastbusfromtown;butHarrycamehomeevenlater.(HecamehomelaterthanI.)

2.TheLongMarchisgreat,buttheNewLongMarchwillbegreater,andmorearduous.

3.Dearasarefatherandmother,themotherlandisstilldearer.

4.Oneofmysuitcasesissmall,andtheotheroneismedium.

句型［主語+謂語+absolutesuperiorityover+被比對象］

[主語+謂語+above/nextto+被比對象][主語+cantcomparewith+被比對象]

1.Thesocialistsystemhasdemonstratedabsolutesuperiorityoverthecapitalistone.

2.Thepriceofwisdomisaboverubies.3.Welovetruthaboveeverythingelse.

4.Aslongasmenlive,waterwillcontinuetobewhatitistoday-nextinimportancetooxygen.

5.NexttotheYangtze,theYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinourcountry.

6.Itisworthnexttonothing.7.HowcouldNapoleoncomparewithLenin?

8.Thesituationoftheenemycannotcomparewithours.

[附注]關(guān)于等差句有以下幾點(diǎn)需要注意：

1)句型16”nottospeakof“等詞組也可用以表示差比,如:Evenaworm,whentroddenon,willturn,nottospeakofamanoutraged.

2)former,latter,elder等形容詞,詞尾雖然是比較級形式,但它們永遠(yuǎn)不用于比較句中,也不能跟than,如：Hewillcomehereinthelatterpartofyear.

3)等差既可以指出相差的數(shù)目,(用by+數(shù)詞表示)也可以指出相差的范圍,如:of+名詞,withregardto,inpointof,withrespectto,withreferenceto,withrelationto,inthesphereof,inthefieldof等等。例句:Sheisthemorepatientofthetwo.Inpointofcommerce,ShanghaiismoreprosperousthanNanjing.Withreferencetoterritory,ChinaislargerthanAmerica.

4)有些語句的詞序變動(dòng)較大閱讀和翻譯時(shí)要弄清其結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Easiersaidthandone.(=Itiseasiertobesaidthantobedone.)Inscience,morethaninanyotherhumaninstitution,itisnecessarytosearchoutthepastinordertounderstandthepresentandtocontrolthefuture.(=Itismorenecessaryinsciencethaninanyotherhumaninstitutiontosearchout...)

有時(shí)一個(gè)詞的原級和比較級在一同結(jié)構(gòu)的句中會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的意義，如：Ifhewastenyearsold,hewouldunderstandit.≠Ifhewastenyearsolder,hewouldunderstandit.

5)要注意避免不合理的比較。如：(誤)Thefaceofhisfatherlooksolderthanhisuncle.

(正)Thefaceofhisfatherlooksolderthanthatofhisuncle.Hisfathersfacelooksolderthanhisuncles.

極比句句型［...the形容詞最高級/副詞最高級+(名詞)+范圍詞...］

1.ThisistheeasiestbookIveeverread.2.Mrs.Thomsonworkshardestofall.

3.Dictionariesarelikewatches;theworstisbetterthannone,andthebestcannotbeexpectedtogoquitetrue.4.ItisourgreatesthappinesstodedicateouryouthtotheNewLongMarch.

5.Theleastmeansshallbeusedtoachievethegreatestend.6.Whichoftheboysstudiesbest?

句型［...themost/least形容詞原級/副詞+(名詞)+范圍詞...］

1.Sheisthemostactivegirlinourclass.2.Youretheonewhowritesthemostcorrectly.

3.”Howisyourwatch?“-”Mywatchgoesthemostaccurately.“

4.Themostshort-sightedmancouldseethatataglance,withhisnakedeyes,”saidMartin.

5.Lightwavestravelmostquicklythroughair,theygomuchslowerthroughwaterandevenslowerthroughglass.

[注1]“bestofall”表示肯定的最;“l(fā)eastofall”表示否定的最，如：Ilikeswimmingbestofall.

Ilikethatleastofall.Theleast用作最高級時(shí)，往往被其后面的形容詞的反義詞的最高級所取代。如:Thisisthemostdifficult(不用theleasteasy)bookIveeverread.Thisisthemostuninteresting(很少用theleastinteresting)bookofthethree.

[注2]兩個(gè)概念的表示法：1)若干個(gè)最大中的一個(gè)可用“oneof+最高級”表示,如:“Whatabouthorse-racing?”-“IshouldsaythatthatisoneofthemostpopularsportsinGreatBritain.”

2)“第2,3,4...大”可用“the序數(shù)詞+最高級”表示,如：Myhometownisthesecondlargestcityinourprovince.

[注3]most前，如果沒有the,則不是表示比較，而表示“很”,“非常”,如:Thepresentworldsituationismostfavorableforthepeople.Themeetingproceededinamostfriendlyatmosphere.

句型［...否定詞...+比較級...］

1.Ineversawaprettiersight.2.Nootherbookhashadagreaterinfluenceonmylife.

3.Iwillsaythis,thatthebestshotinexistencecouldnothavedoneitmorebeautifully

4.“Howaboutagameofbridge?”-“Icantthinkofabetteridea.”

5.Whenyoucometothinkofit,thereisnothingintheworldmorepotent-andmoreimpotent-thanwords

[注]從反面表達(dá)最高比較級的方式很多，甚至可以不用比較級的詞語，如：

Nothingancientormodernseemstocomenearit.(comenear與...相比)

Inpointofstrength,heissecondtonone.(secondtonone獨(dú)一無二)

Nooneistobecomparedwithhimforresourcefulness.Hehasnoequalinplayingping-pongball.

句型［...否定詞語...+so+形容詞/副詞+as+被比對象］

1.NocountrysufferedsomuchasEngland.2.NowarissogreatastheEuropeanwar.

3.ThereisnothingIlikesomuchasplayingfootball.4.Nothingissoeasyasthis.

5.Noneissoblindasthosethatwontsee.

[注]極比句中表示范圍的詞語，除了用差比句附注第三列出的詞以外，還有以下幾種。

1)用that引出的從句表示范圍:Thatisthemostimportantdiscovery(that)evermadebyman.

2)用in引出的短語表示范圍:Thisisthebusieststreetinthecity.

3)用of引出的短語表示范圍:OfallthewritersofthetimeLuShunenjoyedthegreatestpopularityamongthepeople.

4)用其他介詞短語表示:Mr.Zhuisthestrictestamongtheteachersofourschool.Itisthefinestthingunderthesun.

5)用條件句表示范圍:“IfthereisonethingIdonotlike,itisacryingchild...”

“Ifthereisascoundreluponearth,thatscoundrelsnameisHEEP.”

比例句句型［(從句)The+形容詞比較級/副詞比較級...,(主句)the+形容詞比較級/副詞比較級...］(第1個(gè)the是關(guān)系副詞，有“byhowmuch”之意，第2個(gè)the是指示副詞，有“bysomuch”之意。)

1.Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.

2.Thesoonerwebeginourwork,thesoonerweshallfinishit.

3.Themoreamanknows,themorehediscovershisignorance.

4.“Howlongishegoingtostaythere?”-“Idontknowexactly,but...thelongerhestaysthebetter.”

5.ThemoreIthinkofit,thehappierIam.

[注1]當(dāng)比較級作表語而又不處于句首時(shí),可以不用the相關(guān)聯(lián)。如：Whenweencountermoredifficulties,weshouldbemorespirited;whenwearemoreatdanger,weshouldbemorecourageous.

[注2]注意本句型可省略的成分較多,常見于諺語、俗語中如：Thesooner,thebetter.

=thesooneryoudoitthebetteritwillbe.=Byhowmuchsooneryoudoit,bysomuchbetteritwillbe.

=Inwhateverdegreesooneryoudoit,inthatdegreebetteritwillbe.Themore,themerrier.Themore,thebetter.

[注3]還有一些帶比較級的詞組，也含有比例發(fā)展的意味;但這些詞組多用于表示同一事物的發(fā)展程度，一般不帶被比對象。1)“...ever+比較級+(and+比較級)...”如：Thestorygetsevermoreexciting.

Ourcountryisgrowingeverricherandstronger.

2)“...+比較級+and+比較級...”如：...hispoorcheekhasturnedeverthinnerandpaler.

3)“...the+比較級...”這大多是一種習(xí)慣用語。如：Somuchtheworse.achangefortheworseallthemore=moreandmore

擇比句句型［Better+(主語)形容詞或副詞/名詞/(to)動(dòng)詞原形...+than+被比對象］

1.Betterlatethannever.2.Bettertodowellthantosaywell.

3.Bettertolightonecandlethantocursethedarkness.

4.Bettersaynothingthannothingtothepurpose.

5.Betterdiestandingthanlivekneeling.(=itisbettertodiestandingthantolivekneeling.)

[注]注意本句型可省略被比對象,如：Betterbewiththedead.Betterletthefurnacecoolabit.

句型［主語+had(would)rather+動(dòng)詞原形...+than+動(dòng)詞原形...］

[主語+謂語+ratherthan+動(dòng)詞原形...]

1.Iwould(或had)ratherjoinyouinresearchworkthangoonholidaytotheseaside.

2.Theywouldratherdieasfreementhanliveasslaves.

3.“Iwouldratherdiewithmyheadhigh,withindestructiblefaithandprofoundbeliefinthedestinyofourcountry,thanliveinhumilityandrenouncetheprincipleswhicharesacredtome.”

4.Oliverfellonhisknees,claspinghishandstogether,andbeggedthemtokillhimiftheypleasedratherthansendhimawaywiththatdreadfulman.5.Heinsistedonstayingratherthango

句型［主語+prefer+名詞或動(dòng)名詞A+to+名詞或動(dòng)名詞B...］

[主語+prefer+不定式A+ratherthan+不定式B...]

1.IpreferredtheseruinstoKatespointedyellowboots.2.Heprefersdoingtotalking.

3.Therevolutionariespreferreddeathtodishonor.4.Iprefertoworkratherthan(to)sitidle.

5.Hepreferstowritehislettersratherthandictateothers.

[注1]注意本句型的兩式不可混用。不可說“Ipreferdoingthisratherthanthat.”只能說“Ipreferdoingthisto(doing)that.或Iprefertodothisratherthandothat.

[注2]prefer的派生詞preferable,preference也都可用以表示擇比。有以下方式：

1)”名詞A+be+preferableto+名詞B“如：Thisispreferabletothat.

2)”...名詞A+in+preferenceto+名詞B“如：Afterthenounreason,usethatinpreferencetobecause.

3)”...preferencefor+名詞A+to+名詞B“如：IhaveapreferenceforChinesetoforeignnovels.

句型［主語+wouldsooner+動(dòng)詞原形...than+動(dòng)詞原形...］

[Soonerthan+動(dòng)詞原形...(主句)主語+would+動(dòng)詞原形...]

1.Iwouldsoonerdiethandosuchathing.

2.Mr.Miltonwouldsoonerresignthantakepartinsuchdishonestbusinessdeals.

3.Soonerthandosuchwork,Iwouldstarve.

4.Soonerthanmarrythatman,Evawouldearnherlivingasawaitress.

句型[主語+would(had)...assoon/aslief+...as+被棄對象]

1.Ihadassoonyoubrokehisneckashisfinger.

2.Iwould(just)assoonstayathomeasgoforawalk.

3.Hewouldassoonkillhimselfasbetrayhiscountry.

4.Iwouldaslief(assoon)dieasliveindishonor.

5.Iwould(had)asliefjointheEighthRouteArmyasanything.

句型[主語+...choose+名詞A+before+名詞B][主語+before+從句]

1.Aheroshouldchoosedeathbeforedishonor.2.Hechosethisbeforeallothers.

3.IamwillingtoworkmyselftodeathbeforeIgiveup.4.Iwoulddoanythingbeforethat.

5.Wewouldsoonerdiefightingfirstbeforeweallowthistohappentous.

[注]其他如first,leave...for或兩個(gè)獨(dú)立分句等也可表示擇比，如：Hesaidhewouldresignfirst.

Heleftthebarforthepen.Ilikegeography,butIpreferhistory.

對比句句型［（第一并列分句）+while/whereas+（第二并列分句）］

1.Theenemyrotswitheverypassingday,whileforusthingsaregettingbetterdaily.

2.Thestrengthofthecollectiveisboundless,whilethatoftheindividualisverylimited.

3.Wisemenlovetruth,whereasfoolsshunit.

4.Youcanalsoseethatthereisagrandpiano,whereasoursisanupright.

句型［（第一并列分句）+butonthecontrary+（第二并列分句）］

1.Ihavenotnearlydone.Onthecontrary,Ihaveonlyjustbegun.

2.Idonotadmirethatman,butonthecontrary,Ihaveagreatcontemptforhim.