初中英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)專項(xiàng)講解

初中英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)專項(xiàng)講解初中英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)專項(xiàng)講解一、語態(tài)概述語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示句子之中主語和謂語動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系。英語有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者（或執(zhí)行者）eg：ManypeoplespeakChinese.謂語：speak的動(dòng)作是由主語 manypeople來執(zhí)行的。被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。eg：Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.主語English是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過 be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)的否定式和疑問式均由助動(dòng)詞或第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成。）各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am／is／are＋及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Eg：I'maskedtotakecareofmyself.Footballisplayedallovertheworld一般過去時(shí)： was／were＋及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Eg：Thishousewasbuiltin1958.Hislegwasbrokeninanaccident.一般將來時(shí)：will／shallbe＋及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Eg：Morefactorieswillbebuiltinourcity.Hewillbetakentohospitaltomorrow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： am／is／arebeing＋及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.Eg： Aroadisbeingbuiltaroundthemountain.Manynewhousesarebeingbuiltinthiscity過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/werebeing＋及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Eg：ThemeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.Wewerebeingtrainedthistimelastyear.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have／hasbeen＋及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Eg：Hisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanyforeignlanguages.Thepricesofmanygoodshavebeencutagain.過去完成時(shí)：hadbeen+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Eg：Anewschoolhadbeensetupbytheendoflastyear.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Eg：Therubbishcanbeputintothedustbinoverthere.三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本用法一般來說，在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪?，能用主?dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)候就盡量不去用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。只有在下列情況中我們才用被動(dòng)語態(tài)：1.不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。eg：1）.Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。.Thisbridgewasfoundedin1981.這座橋竣工于1981年。.Thefrontwindowintheclassroomwasbrokenyesterday.昨天，教室的前窗被打2.沒不要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。Eg:1）.Thetime-tablehasbeenchanged.時(shí)間表已變動(dòng)了2）.Chinawasfoundedin1949.3.不愿意說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，其目的是為了使語言得體、圓滑等。在這種情況下，有時(shí)常用一些句式，如"Itissaidthat…”（據(jù)說 ）,isreportedthat,?,*（據(jù)報(bào)道 ）,Itiswellknownthat…（眾所周知 ）Itissupposedthat（據(jù)推測(cè)說 ）,Itisbelievedthat…大家相信，Itishopedthat…大家希望，Itisthoughtthat…大家認(rèn)為，Itissuggestedthat…據(jù)建議等等eg:1.Itissaidthatsheisgoingtobemarriedtoaforeigner.據(jù)說她要嫁給一個(gè)外國人。2.Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.（=Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.）4.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。Eg:1）.TheglasswasbrokenbyMike.玻璃杯是邁克打破的。.hisbookwaswrittenbyhim.這本書是他寫的。.Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedontime.你們的家庭作業(yè)必須及時(shí)完成。注：使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況口訣：動(dòng)作誰做的不知道，誰說出的不必要。接受動(dòng)作需強(qiáng)調(diào)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)最為妙。四、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法：.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。.把謂語變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)（be+過去分詞）（根據(jù)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定be的形式）o.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。Heplanttrees insping.Treesareplantedinspingbyhim.主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)口訣：賓語提前主語變，原主變賓by后見，時(shí)態(tài)人稱be關(guān)鍵。Allthepeoplelaughedathim.-*Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory,fThebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.Hecutdownatree.Atreewascutdownbyhim.被動(dòng)語態(tài)中“by+賓語”的省略：被動(dòng)語態(tài)句式中的“by+賓語”表示及物動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，但是在遇到以下情況時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者“by+賓語”常常被省略。.動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者不確定時(shí)Eg:LPaperismadefromwood?Manypeoplearekilledintrafficaccidentseveryday..不必表明動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者時(shí)Eg：LEnglishisalsospokenasthesecondlanguageaswellasoneoftheofficiallanguages.2.Footballisplayedinmostschool?.動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者為一般大眾時(shí).Eg:1.BothEnglishandSpanisharespokeninthisarea.Heismadethemonitoroftheclasstoday?五.主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題：談?wù)剮追N特殊的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語 +謂語+賓語（唯一賓語）”時(shí)，把賓語提到句首做主語，然后把謂語改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式，最后把原主語變?yōu)橘e格至于介詞by之后。實(shí)際運(yùn)用中by短語常被省略。Eg：1.Wefinishourhomeworkintheevening.2.Ourhomeworkisfinishedintheevening.當(dāng)句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語 +謂語+間接賓語 （表示人的）+直接賓語（表示物的）”時(shí)，一般把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，而直接賓語不變，這樣句子顯得自然些。如果把直接賓語作為主語，那么在間接賓語前應(yīng)加介詞to或for.Eg:1.Shesentmeanovelonmybirthday.（主動(dòng)）—Iwassentanovelonmybirthday.（被動(dòng)）Anovelwassenttomeonmybirthday.（被動(dòng)）2.Mybrotherboughtmeawatchyesterday.（主動(dòng)）—Iwasboughtawatchyesterday.（被動(dòng)）Awatchwasboughtformebymybrotheryesterday.（被動(dòng)）注意：.間接賓語前需要加 for的動(dòng)詞，buy,sing,catch,find,get,drow,cook,keep,make ，offer等。.間接賓語前需要加 to的動(dòng)詞，bring,give,pass,hand,leave,show,write,take,teach,tell,thow,lend,send,return當(dāng)句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語 +謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語” 把主動(dòng)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，只需將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)句子的主語，而原句里的賓語補(bǔ)足語現(xiàn)在就變成被動(dòng)態(tài)句子的"主語補(bǔ)足語 "了eg:1.Theyaskedmetohelpthem.Twasaskedtohelpthem..Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem —.comoutercanbeusedtohelpthem..Wemustkeeptheroomclean.fTheroommustbekeptclean..Wesawthemcomingover. fTheywereseencomingover.如果復(fù)合賓語是由“賓語 +不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式”構(gòu)成，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式前的to要補(bǔ)出來。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有：一感（feel），二聽（hear，listento）三讓（let,make,have）四看（watch,see,notice,observe,+lookat）但動(dòng)詞為 let時(shí)，to仍可省略。Eg:1.Thestorymadeuslaugh.fWeweremadetolaughbythestory..Theteacherletthelittleboygohome. —Thelittleboywaslet（to）gohome.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)， 由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后“to”仍要保留。Eg:Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays. —Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.fItshouldbedoneatonce.Therubbishcanbeputintothedustbinoverthere.短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：一般說來，只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但許多“不及物動(dòng)詞 +副詞或介詞”構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，也可以有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但變被動(dòng)語態(tài)后，不可把介詞或副詞漏掉。Eg:1.Heturnedontheradiojustnow.fTheradiowasturnedonjustnow..Theytakegoodcareofthebabies. fThebabiesaretakencareof..Thelookafterthebabies.fThebabiesarelookedafter.含有賓語從句的主動(dòng)語態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，有兩種改寫方法：.用it做被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式主語，賓語從句保持不變 ..將主動(dòng)句中的賓語從句的主語改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，從句的謂語部分變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ?。這時(shí)的動(dòng)詞不定式所用的形式要與原來的賓語從句保持一致。Eg:Theysaythatourteacherisbusythesedays. —Itissaidthatourteacherisbusythesedays.Ourteacherissaidtobebusythesedays.如果原句賓語有后置定語修飾，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)把后置修飾語隨同賓語一同提前。Eg:wecleanthewindowsofourclassroomeveryday. —Thewindowsofourclassroomarecleanedeveryday.如果原句主語不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，而是所使用的物質(zhì)材料，變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要用介詞with.Eg：smokef川edtheroom. fTheroomwasfilledwithsmoke.by短語的取舍：.當(dāng)主動(dòng)句中的主語是 people,one,we,they等泛指性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)后，by短語通常省略。Eg:weoftenspeakEnglishinourEnglishclass. —Englishisoftenspoken(byus)inourEnglishclass.當(dāng)主動(dòng)句中是 who，what，which等做主語，變被動(dòng)語態(tài)后句首的疑問詞在句中的成分由原來的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，應(yīng)注意介詞by不能丟。Eg:whowrotethebook? fwhowasthebookwrittenby?.需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行時(shí)，by短語不能省略。Eg：unclewangmadethekite.fThekitewasmadebyunclewang.六．可與被動(dòng)語態(tài)連用的介詞在被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中，常用介詞by引出動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，實(shí)際上同被動(dòng)語態(tài)連用的介詞除 by以外還有很多。表示謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作是為誰或?yàn)楹文康亩l(fā)生的要用介詞for。(beusedforsth/doingsth被用于?…被用于做?…)Eg:1.Thisnewbikewasboughtforyou.2.Stampsareusedforsendingletters.表示動(dòng)作發(fā)出者所使用的工具或強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)用介詞withEg：1.Thetreeswerecutdownwithaknife..Thebottleisfilledwithorange..表示“被作為?…(發(fā)生)”應(yīng)用介詞as(beusedas被作為?…使用)Eg：EnglishisusedasafirstlanguageinCanada..在bewell-known后應(yīng)用介詞to,表示“被?…所熟知”Eg：TheGreatWalliswell-knowntoeveryoneintheworld..在bemade后可用多個(gè)介詞表示不同的意義.bemadein表示“在某地制造”Eg：ThisTvsetismadeinshanghai..bemadeof和bemadefrom都可以表示“由?…制成的"，但bemadeof強(qiáng)調(diào)從制成品上可以看出原材料，bemadefrom則表示從制成品上看不出原材料。Eg：1.Thistableismadeofwood.2.Thiskindofpaperismadefromwood..bemadeby由…(人)制造的Eg：Thecakeismadebymymother..bemadeinto表示“被制成…”make-into把?…制成?…(主動(dòng)形式)Eg：Glassisoftenmadeintoglasses.玻璃常被制成玻璃杯。.bemadeafter表示“仿照...制成”Eg：Thismachineismadeaftertheirs.這臺(tái)機(jī)器是仿照他們的機(jī)器制成的。.bemadeupof表示“由...組成”Eg：Ourclassismadeupoffiftystudents.七.不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況.當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞是表示靜態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞 （短語）時(shí)（eg:have,cost,hold,knowfit,belongto…）不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Eg:Howlongdidthemeetinglast?.當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞是look,become,get,turn 等連系動(dòng)詞，其后的成分多為形容詞或名詞詞組作表語時(shí)。Eg:helooksfine..賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞或與主語對(duì)應(yīng)的物主代詞修飾的名詞詞組時(shí)。Eg:1.TheytaughtthemselvesEnglish.2.Weshouldlearneachother..賓語是動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)。Eg:1.ThestudentshopetovisittheGreatwall.2.Hehasfinishedreadingthebook.5.賓語和動(dòng)詞在意義上為不可分割的固定搭配時(shí)。Eg:1.Hecaughtabadcoldlastweek.2.Youshouldn'tmakefacesinclass.6.賓語是表示數(shù)量，長度，大小，處所或方位的詞時(shí)。Eg:1.Theyreachedshanghaiearlyinthenextmorning.2.HeleftBeijingbybusyesterday..當(dāng)賓語是同源賓語時(shí)。Eg:Todayallofusliveahappylife..賓語是行為者（人體）的某一部分或人體的器官時(shí)。Eg:1.Hecouldhardlybelievehiseyes.2.MrHushookhisheadandsaidnothing.9.當(dāng)賓語是某一組織機(jī)構(gòu)或機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體名稱時(shí)。Eg:Themanjoinedthearmyin1957.八.主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)含義在英語中，主動(dòng)意義用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示，被動(dòng)意義用被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示。但在以下幾種情況下，被動(dòng)意義卻用主動(dòng)語態(tài)來表示：一.少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，既可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)它們作不及物動(dòng)詞且用來表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能時(shí)，可用一般時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其主語大多為事物。常見的有：sell（“銷售好）”read（好讀”），write（“好寫”），wash（“耐洗”），wear（“耐穿）,last,tear,lock,count,open,teach,drive,take 等、eg:1）.Theticketscosttoomuchandsoldbadly. 這些票太貴了，銷路不好。.CanyoulendHieyourpen?Yourpenwritesbetter.你能把你的鋼筆借給我嗎？你的鋼筆更好寫。.Thepenwriteswell. 這筆好寫。.Thedoorwon'topen. 門開不下來。.Theclotheswasheasily. 這衣服很好洗。.Thedoorwon'topen. 這門打不開。注意：這類動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義有三個(gè)明顯特征.與not,hardly等否定意義的詞連用..常與副詞well,easily,badly,poorly,nicely,fast,smoothly, 等連用表示效果或程度。3）句中的主語是謂語動(dòng)詞的承受者。二.某些表示感覺，狀態(tài)，特征的系動(dòng)詞 eg：feel,look,sound,smell,taste等系動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，主語是物。Eg:1.Theclothfeelssoft. 這布料摸起來很軟。.Hiscaketastesgood. 他的蛋糕味道很好。.Goodmedicinetastesbitter. 良藥苦口三.動(dòng)詞need,want,require等表示“需要”或“應(yīng)該”的意義時(shí)， 后用動(dòng)詞ing 的主動(dòng)式或動(dòng)詞不定式被動(dòng)形式表示變動(dòng)意義 .oEg:1）.Thefloorneedssweeping. 地板須拖一下。.Theoldbikeneedsrepairing（or:toberepaired）. 那輛舊自行車需要修理。.Yourhairneedscutting.你的頭發(fā)需要理了。.Thewallrequirespainting.這墻壁需要粉刷了。四.“主語+beworthdoing”句式中ving形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義 Eg:1.Thisbookiswellworthreading.2.Thefilmiswellworthseeing.五.不定式以主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義的情況主要有以下兩種：）.1.不定式作定語與被修飾的詞形成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。 Eg：1.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou. 我有重要事情要告訴你。.Isthereanythingelsetosay? 還有別的什么事情要說嗎？.在“主語+系動(dòng)詞+adj.+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作為主語的補(bǔ)足語對(duì)主語作補(bǔ)充說明，與主語之間形成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。（形容詞通常為easy,difficult,hard,pleasant,nice,heavy等）Eg:1.Theplaceiseasytofindinthemap..Ifindtheproblemdifficulttosolve..Thebookisdifficulttounderstand..Thewaterintheriverisunfittodrink. 這條河里的水不宜飲用。.Hisspeechisn'teasytounderstand. 他的演說不易理解.在too???todosth和enough--todo句型中，如果主語是“物”而不是“人”,則不定式部分是用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)的被動(dòng)含義.Eg:1.Thetableistooheavy（forme）tocarry.2.Thedressisgoodenoughtowearattheparty.六.表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout 等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Eg:Howdothenewspaperscomeout? 這些報(bào)紙是如何引出來的呢？七.介詞in,on,under 等十名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動(dòng)意義表示方位的介詞與含動(dòng)作意義的名詞合用，含被動(dòng)之義，其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞?！皍nder+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某事在進(jìn)行中”。常見的有：undercontrol（受控制）,undertreatment（在治療中）,underrepair （在修理中）,underdiscussion （在討論中）,underconstruction（在施工中）。Eg:Thebuildingisunderconstruction（isbeingconstructed）.“beyond+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“出乎勝過、范圍、限度”。常見的有： beyondbelief（令人難以再信），beyondone'sreach（鞭長莫及）,beyondone'scontrol（無6控制）,beyondourhope.我們的成功始料不及。Eg:Therumourisbeyondbelief （二can'tbebelieved）.“above+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“（品質(zhì)、行為、能力等）超過 、高于 ”。Eg:Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise .=Hishonestcharactercannotbepraisedenough.“for+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“適于 、為著 ”。如：forsale（出售）,forrent（出租）等。Eg:Thathouseisforsale.（=Thathouseistobesold）.“in+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“在……過程中或范圍內(nèi)”常見的有：inprint（在印刷中），insight（在視野范圍內(nèi)），等。Eg:Thebookisnotyetinprint．（=isnotyetprinted）“on+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“在從事 中”。常見的有：onsale（出售），onshow（展出），ontrial（受審）。Eg:Todaysometreasuresareonshowinthemuseum（=arebeingshowed）.“outof+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)；表示“超出 之外“，常見的有：outofcontrol（ 控制不了），outofsight（超出視線之外），outofone’sreach（夠不著）,outoffashion（不流行）等。Eg:Theplanewasoutofcontrol（can’tbecontrolled）．?！皐ithin+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“在……內(nèi)、不超過……”。Eg:Hetooktwodaysoffwithintheteacher'spermission八．非謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞和不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 。在need，want，require,bear等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。Eg:Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．這房子需要修理。形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。Eg:Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading （=Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。Eg:Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon ．（todo與things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與 I是主謂關(guān)系。）試比較：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?（ 此處用不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。）在某些“形容詞＋不定式”做表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有 nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。Eg:Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout（可看作toworkout省略了forme）.在too…to…結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Eg:Thisbookistooexpensive（forme）tobuy.在therebe…句型中，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)式作定語，重點(diǎn)在人，用被動(dòng)形式作定語，重點(diǎn)在物。Eg:1.Thereisnotimetolose（tobelost）．（用tolose可看成forustolose；用tobelost，誰losttime不明確。）九．教材中與被動(dòng)語態(tài)相關(guān)的一些詞組 :getdressed（穿衣）gethurt（受傷）getlost（迷路）getwashed（洗臉）getmarried（結(jié)婚）becoveredwith（被?…覆蓋）bemadeof（由?…制成）（看得出原材料）bemadeby（由某人制造）bemadefrom（由?…制成）（看不出原材料）bemadein（由某地制造）beusedfor（被用于?…）beusedas（被當(dāng)作?…使用）beusedtodo（被用于做...）itissaidthat…（據(jù)說…）itishopedthat…（希望…）Itiswellknownthat...（總所周知 ...）初中英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一．單項(xiàng)選擇.ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound.English inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken.ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung.Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade.Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused6.Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep.-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold.Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding.Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft.Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed.Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished.Japanese___ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking.Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten.Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't.-Myshoesarewornout. A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?.___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are.___thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do.Why___totalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld.Whowasthebook___?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby.Where___theseboxesmade?A.wasB.wereC.isD.am.Theflowers___often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater.Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow.Thebrokenbike herebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended.Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt.Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown.Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild27.Nowthesemagazines___inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept28.Thepot___for___hotwater.A.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep.Tea___inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow.Thebridges___twoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt.Wetclothesareoften___upnearafireinrainyweather.A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust___dirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing33.Theteapot___water.A.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled34.Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland___politely.A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento35.Oldpeoplemust___.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell36.Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.A.aretakengoodcarearetakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare37.Theywere___atthesuddennoise.A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightenD.frightens38.Thesewalls___stone.A.aremadeofB.madeofC.aremadeintoD.madeinto.Jane___tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid.Thepapers___tothem.A.wereshownB.showC.shown/D.haveshown41.Thecoat___hersister.A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto.___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven.Goodcare suchthings.A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetakenC.shouldbetakingD.shouldbetakenof44.Shewill goodcare .A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou45.Theteachermadehim___hishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done46.Theboy___streetswithoutpayintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean47.Thesechildren dance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto48.Thesestones___well.A.arefittedB.fitC.fitsD.isfitted49.Thebike___500yuan.A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted.Theimportantmeeting___onacoldmorninglastyear.A.washadB.washeldC.heldD.had.Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace52.Youcan'tusethecomputer,it .A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown.Greatchanges___inourcountryduringthepast20years.A.havehappenedB.happenedC.havebeenhappenedD.werehappened.Thewatchhasoften___down.A.satB.lainC.brokenD.fell.Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone___.A.isbrokenB.isbreakingC.brokeD.broken.Thestorybooks___bythewriterinthe1960s.A.arewrittenB.werewrittenC.arewritingD.werewriting.Whattime___thedoor___everyday?A.does;closedB.does;closeC.is;closedD./;close.Canhe___himself?A.getdressB.getdressedC.getsdressedD.insteadof.Hefellfromhisbikeand___.A.ishurtB.getshurtC.gothurtD.hurt. anewlibrary inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;bulitC.Does;buildD.Did;build.Anaccident onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened.Cotton inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow.Sofar,themoon bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited.AtalkonChinesehistory inthschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives.Howmanytrees thisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted.Alotofthings bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone.Neitherofthem inChina.A.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made.Look!Anicepicture forourteacher.A.isdrawingB.isbeingdrawnC.hasbeendrawnD.draws.Yourshoes .Youneedanewpair.A.wearoutB.wornoutC.arewornoutD.isworn.Thedoctor foryet.A.isntsentB.hasntbeensentC.wontbesentD.wasntsent.-When___thiskindofcomputers ?--Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used.TheGreatWall allovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown73.I insummer.A.bornB.wasbornC.havebeenbornD.amborn.HesaysthatMrZhang tothefactorynextweek.A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent.Who thisbook ?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written.Mary showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto.Astory byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus78.Themonkeywasseen offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump79.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput二．用動(dòng)詞 show的被動(dòng)語態(tài)填空1).Iknowanewfilm atthecinemaeveryweek2).Iknowanewfilm atthecinemalastweek.3).Iknowanewfilm atthecinemathesedays.4).Iknowanewfilm atthecinemaateightlastnight5).Iknowanewfilm atthecinemarecently6).Iknowanewfilm atthecinemabytheendoflastweek7).Iknowanewfilm atthecinemaintwodays三．將下列句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries..Webuiltthisbridgelastyear..Thetigerinthez00frightenedthelittlegirl..XiaoL