考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海公安學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海公安學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Surprisinglyperhaps,thebiggest

healthriskfortouriststravellingabroadisactuallyroadtrafficaccidents.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.potential

B.theoretical

C.definite

D.alternative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。potential“潛在的，可能的”；theoretical“理論的；理論上的”；definite“一定的，確切的”；alternative“供選擇的；選擇性的”。句意：也許令人驚訝的是，對(duì)出國(guó)旅游的游客來(lái)說(shuō)，最大的潛在健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)實(shí)際上是道路交通事故。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Inthispoorcountry,survivalisstilltheleadingindustry;allelseis（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.luxury

B.accommodation

C.entertainment

D.refreshment

【答案】A

【解析】考察名詞、形容詞詞義辨析。luxury“奢侈”；accommodation“住處，膳食”；entertainment“娛樂(lè)”；refreshment“清爽，提神之物”。句意：在這個(gè)貧窮的國(guó)家，生存是頭等大事，其他都是奢求。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

Theydecidedto（）theirdifferentinterestsanduniteinpursuitofacommongoal.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.substitute

B.cross

C.submerge

D.surrender

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他們決定放棄各自不同的利益，聯(lián)合追求共同目標(biāo)。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。substitute取代；cross橫渡，交叉;submerge浸沒(méi)，湮沒(méi)；surrender投降，放棄。因此D項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.單選題

Theengineershaveusedspecialmethodsto（

）thebridgeagainstdangerfromhighwinds.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.suppress

B.lubricate

C.heave

D.ensure

【答案】D

【解析】Suppress抑制,鎮(zhèn)壓；lubricate潤(rùn)滑；heave舉起,投擲；ensure確保。句意:工程師們使用特殊的方法來(lái)確保這座橋不受狂風(fēng)的危害。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

5.單選題

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heisababysitter.

B.Heisanoncologist.

C.Heisapediatrician.

D.Heisanobstetrician.

【答案】D

【解析】12.M:Now,wouldyoupleaseliedownonthecouch?I’lltakealookatthebaby.I’lljustmeasuretoseewhatheightitis.Thebabyseemsslightlysmall.

W:Howdoyouknowthat?

M:Imeasurefromthetopofyourwombtoyourpubicbone.Thenumberofcentimetersisroughlyequaltothenumberofweeksyou’repregnant.

Q:Whatdoesthemando?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：這個(gè)男人是做什么的？由文中“Imeasurefromthetopofyourwombtoyourpubicbone.Thenumberofcentimetersisroughlyequaltothenumberofweeksyou’repregnant.（我測(cè)量了一下你子宮頂端到恥骨的長(zhǎng)度。這個(gè)長(zhǎng)度大致和你懷孕周數(shù)一致）”，可知這個(gè)男人是產(chǎn)科醫(yī)生，所以D選項(xiàng)“Heisanobstetrician.（他是產(chǎn)科醫(yī)生）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“他是個(gè)保姆”；B選項(xiàng)“他是個(gè)腫瘤醫(yī)師”；C選項(xiàng)“他是個(gè)兒科醫(yī)生”不符合原文。

6.單選題

Hefeltagreatsenseof（）afterhissuccess.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fulfillment

B.fortification

C.innovation

D.illumination

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。fulfillment“履行，實(shí)行，滿足”；fortification“防御工事”；innovation“創(chuàng)新”；illumination“闡明”。句意：成功后他獲得了一種滿足感。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

Scientistshavelongarguedwhetherhypocrisyisdrivenbyemotionorbyreason.Inothermoraljudgments,brainimagingshows,regionsinvolvedinfeeling,notthinking,ruletheroleofemotioninmoraljudgmentshasoverturnedtheEnlightenmentnotionthatourethicalsenseisbasedonhigh-mindedphilosophyandcognition.Thatbringsustohypocrisy,whichisalmostridiculouslyeasytobringoutinpeople.

Inanewstudy,psychologistDavidDeStenoinstructed94peopletoassignthemselvesandstrangeroneoftwotasks:aneasyoneorahardone.Theneveryonewasasked,howfairlydidyouactfrom“extremelyunfairly”(1)to“extremelyfairly”(7).Nexttheywatchedsomeoneelsemaketheassignments,andjudgedthatperson'sethics.Selflessnesswasavirtualno-show:87outof94peopleoptedfortheeasytaskandgavethenextguythedifficultone.Hypocrisy,however,showedupwithbellson:everysinglepersonwhomadetheselfishchoicejudgedhisownbehaviorlessstrictly—onaverage,4.5vs.3.1—thanthatofsomeoneelsewhograbbedtheeasytaskforhimself.

Thegapsuggestshowhypocrisyispossible.Whenwejudgeourownmisbehaviorslessharshly,DeStenosaid,itmaybebecause“wehavethisautomatic,gut-level(本能)instincttopreserveourself-image.Inourheart,maybewe'rejustnotassensitivetoourownimmoralbehaviors.Peoplehavelearnedthatitpaystoseemmoral,sinceitletsyouavoidcriticismandguilt.Butevenbetterisappearingmoralwithouthavingtopaythecostofactuallybeingmoral—suchasassigningyourselfthetoughjob.”

Totesttheroleofcognitioninhypocrisy,DeStenohadvolunteersagainassignthemselvesaneasytaskandastrangeradifficultone.Butbeforejudgingthefairnessoftheiractions,theyhadtomemorizesevennumbers.Thistactickeepsthebrain’sthinkingregionstootieduptothinkmuchaboutanythingelse,anditworked:hypocrisyvanished.Peoplejudgedtheirown(selfish)behaviorasharshlyastheydidothers’，strongevidencethatmoralhypocrisyrequiresahigh-ordercognitiveprocess.Whenthethinkingpartofthebrainisotherwiseengaged,we’releftwithgut-levelreactions,andweintuitivelyandequallycondemnbadbehaviorbyourselvesaswellasothers.

Ifourgutknowswhenwehaveerredandjudgesourmisbehaviorsharshly,moralhypocrisymightnotbeasinevitableasifitwerethechildofemotionsandinstincts,whicharetoughertochangethanthinking.“Sinceit’sacognitiveprocess,wehavevolitional(意志的)controloverit,arguesDeSteno.Thewaytochangeheartsandmindsistofocusontheformer:appealtoourbetterangelsinthebrain’semotionareas,andtellcircuitsthataregoingthroughcognitivedistortionstoexcuseinourselveswhatwecondemninotherstojustshutup.

1.Accordingtoparagraph1,brainimagingisproofof（

）.

2.Theconclusiondrawnfromthefirstexperimentisthatpeople

（

）.

3.DeStenoattributesthesubjects’behaviorstothefactthatthey

（

）.

4.Thesecondexperimentprovesthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.emotionalbasisofmoraljudgments

B.emotion-drivenhypocrisy

C.reason-drivenhypocrisy

D.theEnlightenmentnotion

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.prefereasytasks

B.likepickingfaultsofothers

C.demandbothbenefitsandreputation

D.arehypocriticalinnature

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.areself-centered

B.areinsensitivetomisbehaviors

C.haverealizedthatitcoststobemoral

D.havereasonedthathypocrisyisbeneficial

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.selfishnessistheresultofcognition

B.humanaremoralandfairbynature

C.moraljudgmentsaremadebycognition

D.judgmentsbyintuitionarereliable

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段的內(nèi)容為：長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，科學(xué)家們一直在爭(zhēng)論，偽善是由情感驅(qū)動(dòng)還是由理性驅(qū)動(dòng)。在其他道德判斷中，大腦成像顯示，情緒在道德判斷中所起的作用所涉及的是情感而不是思維的區(qū)域，顛覆了啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的觀念。這給我們帶來(lái)了偽善，這在人身上幾乎是可笑的?？芍X成像是道德判斷的情感基礎(chǔ)，因此選A。

2.推理判斷題。文章第二段介紹了心理學(xué)家們做的實(shí)驗(yàn)：實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象給自己和陌生人分配任務(wù)，并為自己和別人分配的公平性打分。得到的結(jié)果是：一方面，無(wú)私的現(xiàn)象完全沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)，人們都為自己選擇了輕松的任務(wù)而把難的任務(wù)分給別人。另一方便，偽善倒是大張旗鼓地出現(xiàn)了，人們對(duì)自己的自私行為比對(duì)別人的自私行為更為寬容。因此從第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的結(jié)論是人們既要利益又要維護(hù)形象，選C。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Peoplehavelearnedthatitpaystoseemmoral,sinceitletsyouavoidcriticismandguilt.Butevenbetterisappearingmoralwithouthavingtopaythecostofactuallybeingmoral—suchasassigningyourselfthetoughjob（人們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到，看起來(lái)道德是值得的，因?yàn)樗梢宰屇惚苊馀u(píng)和內(nèi)疚。但更好的是，在不付出實(shí)際道德代價(jià)的情況下，表現(xiàn)得很有道德——比如給自己分配一份艱苦的工作）可知D選項(xiàng)“有理由認(rèn)為偽善是有益的”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Peoplejudgedtheirown(selfish)behaviorasharshlyastheydidothers'...andweintuitivelyandequallycondemnbadbehaviorbyourselvesaswellasothers（人們像對(duì)待別人一樣嚴(yán)厲地判斷自己（自私的）行為……我們直覺(jué)地和同樣譴責(zé)自己和他人的不良行為）可知B選項(xiàng)“人的本性是道德的和公平的”符合題意。

8.單選題

Thechildrencheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（

）slowlyinto

thesky.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.floating

B.raising

C.heaving

D.ascending

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。float“漂浮，浮動(dòng)”；raise“提升，增加”；heave“舉起”；ascend“攀登，上升”。句意：看到數(shù)百只彩色的氣球緩緩升入天空，孩子們歡呼起來(lái)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Ifyouknowexactlywhatyouwant,thebestroutetoajobistogetspecializedtraining.Arecentsurveyshowsthatcompanieslikegraduatesinsuchfieldsasbusinessandhealthcarewhocangotoworkimmediatelywithverylittleon-the-jobtraining.

That'sespeciallytrueofboomingfieldsthatarechallengingforworkers.AtCornell’sSchoolofHotelAdministration,forexample,bachelor’sdegreegraduatesgetanaverageoffourorfivejobofferswithsalariesrangingfromthehighteenstothelow20sandplentyofchancesforrapidadvancement.Largecompanies,especially,likeabackgroundofformaleducationcoupledwithworkexperience.

Butinthelongrun,toomuchspecializationdoesn'tpayoff.Business,whichhasbeenfloodedwithMBAs,nolongerconsidersthedegreeanautomaticstampofapproval.TheMBAmayopendoorsandcommandahighersalaryinitially,buttheimpactofadegreewashesoutafterfiveyears.

Asfurtherevidenceoftheerosion（銷蝕）ofcorporate（公司的）faithinspecializeddegrees,MichiganState'sScheetzcitesapatternincorporatehiringpractices,althoughcompaniestendtotakeonspecialistsasnewhires,theyoftenseekoutgeneralistsformiddleandupper-levelmanagement.“Theywantsomeonewhoisn'tconstrained（限制）bynutsandboltstolookatthebigpicture,”saysScheetz.

Thissoundssuspiciouslylikeaformalstatementthatyouapproveoftheliberal-artsgraduate.Timeandagainlabor-marketanalystsmentionaneedfortalentsthatliberal-artsmajorsareassumedtohave:writingandcommunicationskills,organizationalskills,open-mindednessandadaptability,andtheabilitytoanalyzeandsolveproblems.DavidBirchclaimshedoesnothireanybodywithanMBAoranengineeringdegree.“Ihireonlyliberal-arts（文科）peoplebecausetheyhavealess-than-cannedwayofdoingthings,’’saysBirch.Liberal-artsmeansanacademicallythoroughandstrictprogramthatincludesliterature,history,Mathematics,economics,science,humanbehavior—plusacomputercourseortwo.Withthatunderyourbelt,youcanfeelfreetospecialize，“Aliberal-artsdegreecoupledwithanMBAorsomeothertechnicaltrainingisaverygoodcombinationinthemarketplace,”saysScheetz.

1.Whatkindsofpeopleareinhighdemandonthejobmarket?

2.Bysaying“...buttheimpactofadegreewashesoutafterfiveyears”(Line3,Para.3),theauthormeans（

）.

3.AccordingtoScheetz’sstatement(Lines4-5,Para.4),companiesprefer

（

）.

4.DavidBirchclaimsthatheonlyhiresliberal-artspeoplebecause

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Studentswithabachelor’sdegreeinhumanities.

B.PeoplewithanMBAdegreefromtopuniversities.

C.Peoplewithformalschoolingplusworkexperience.

D.Peoplewithspecialtraininginengineering.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.mostMBAprogramsfailtoprovidestudentswithasolidfoundation

B.anMBAdegreedoesnothelppromotiontomanagerialpositions

C.MBAprogramswillnotbeaspopularinfiveyears’timeastheyarenow

D.infiveyearspeoplewillforgetaboutthedegreetheMBAgraduateshavegot

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.peoplewhohaveastrategicmind

B.peoplewhoaretalentedinfinearts

C.peoplewhoareambitiousandaggressive

D.peoplewhohavereceivedtraininginmechanics

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyaremorecapableofhandlingchangingsituations

B.theycansticktoestablishedwaysofsoilingproblems

C.theyarethoroughlytrainedinavarietyofspecializedfields

D.theyhaveattendedspecialprogramsinmanagement

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Specialistsaremoreexpensivetohirethangeneralists.

B.Formalschoolingislessimportantthanjobtraining.

C.On-the-jobtrainingisinthelongrun,lesscostly.

D.Generalistswilloutdospecialistsinmanagement.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Arecentsurveyshowsthatcompanieslikegraduatesinsuchfieldsasbusinessandhealthcarewhocangotoworkimmediatelywithverylittleon-the-jobtraining.”最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，企業(yè)喜歡那些只需要很少的在職培訓(xùn)就能立即上手工作的商業(yè)和衛(wèi)生保健等領(lǐng)域的畢業(yè)生。再根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Largecompanies,especially,likeabackgroundofformaleducationcoupledwithworkexperience.”尤其是大公司，要求有正規(guī)教育背景和工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。由此可知，受過(guò)正規(guī)教育加上有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人在就業(yè)市場(chǎng)上的需求量最大，所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

第2題:判斷推理題。作者在下文也就是第四段給出了解釋：密歇根州立大學(xué)的Scheetz援引了企業(yè)招聘實(shí)踐中的一種模式，進(jìn)一步證明企業(yè)對(duì)持有專業(yè)學(xué)位人士的信心正在減弱。雖然公司傾向于聘用專業(yè)人才作為新員工，但他們往往會(huì)找尋全能人才作為中高層管理。由此可推斷，作者認(rèn)為“MBA學(xué)位無(wú)助于晉升到管理職位”，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第3題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“‘Theywantsomeonewhoisn'tconstrained（限制）bynutsandboltstolookatthebigpicture,’saysScheetz.”Scheetz說(shuō)：“他們想要一個(gè)不受細(xì)枝末節(jié)限制且能顧全大局的人。也就是具有戰(zhàn)略思維的人，”選項(xiàng)A正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“DavidBirch”定位到最后一段第四句“‘Ihireonlyliberal-artspeoplebecausetheyhavealess-than-cannedwayofdoingthings,’saysBirch.”Birch說(shuō):“我只聘用文科人才，因?yàn)樗麄冏鍪碌姆绞讲荒敲此腊濉！币簿褪钦f(shuō)，他們有能力處理變化無(wú)常的事情，選項(xiàng)A正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容“althoughcompaniestendtotakeonspecialistsasnewhires,theyoftenseekoutgeneralistsformiddleandupper-levelmanagement.”雖然公司傾向于聘用專業(yè)人才作為新員工，但他們往往會(huì)找尋全能人才作為中高層管理。由此可知，在管理層面，全能型人才勝過(guò)專業(yè)型人才。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。選項(xiàng)A，B，C在文中均沒(méi)有提及。

10.單選題

Myneighborsoneithersideofmehavepaintedtheirhouses,（

）ofcoursemakesmyhouselookshabbierthanitreallyis.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.as

C.who

D.which

【答案】D

【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句?？崭裉幩顔卧~指代前面句子的內(nèi)容，即我兩邊鄰居都給他們的房子刷了漆，也就是指這件事，故排除BC兩項(xiàng)。再由空格前的逗號(hào)可知，次從句為非限制性定從，故用which引導(dǎo)。句意：我兩邊的鄰居都給他們的房子刷了漆，這讓我的房子比實(shí)際上更顯得破舊。答案D

11.單選題

Itusedtobe——inpopularimagination,ifnotalwaysinreality——thatitwasthemanofthehousewhototedthetoolbelt,fixingaleakyfaucethereandrepairingaholeinthedrywallthere,whileoverseeinghomeimprovements,fromnewbookshelvestoroomadditions.Itseemedpartofourevolutionarydevelopmentasatool—usingspeciesthatitwasmen,alone,whowouldprowltheaislesofhardwarestores.

Demographicschange.WomenaccounttodayforfullyhalfoftheU.S.S140billionretailhardwareandhomeimprovementindustrysalesintheUnitedStates.Theyhavebeenmotivatedbythedo-it-yourselfmovementthatbeganintheearly1980s,andbychangingeconomicandsocialrealitiesthathavemadewomenmoreself-reliant.Homeimprovementtelevisionshows,specialtymagazines,teachingclinics,andevenwebsitescatertothesedo-it-yourselfers,understandingthatwomenarethe“instigators”ofhomeimprovementprojectswhetherornotthereisamaninthehouse.Thecommonwisdomintheindustryisthatwomenhavesignificantcontrolnotonlyoverselectionofproducts,butalsooverthehouseholdbudget.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumlipthepassage?

2.Womenaretakinguphomerepairsmoreandmorejustbecause（

）.

3.Wecanguessfromcontextcluesthattheword4lotote”means

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Womennowcanworkonhomeimprovementallbythemselves,notneedingmen’shelp.

B.Womenarenowbecomingexpertsathomeimprovement.

C.It’swomen,notmen,whonowgotohardwarestores.

D.Womenarebornbetterathomerepairs.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.menareunwillingtodoit

B.womenhavebeenfoundtobemoretalentedatit

C.womenareaffectedbycertainthoughtsandmovement

D.womanwanttodemonstratethattheyaresuperiortomen

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.torepair

B.tocarry

C.tosell

D.tobuy

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Womenhaven'ttakenuphomeimprovementatall

B.Nowadays,mendon’tworkonhomeimprovementanymore.

C.Moreandmorewomennowmakeeffortstobecomedo-it-yourselfers.

D.Mencan’tbetheinstigatorofhomeimprovements.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章最主要討論的是女性所扮演的角色的變化:之前不參與家居環(huán)境改進(jìn)相關(guān)的工作，現(xiàn)在主要依靠自己對(duì)家居環(huán)境進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，并決定產(chǎn)品的選擇和家庭預(yù)算。因此B項(xiàng)“如今，女性變得善于進(jìn)行家居環(huán)境改進(jìn)”比較能概括文章大意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Theyhavebeenmotivatedbythedo-it-yourselfmovementthatbeganintheearly1980s,andbychangingeconomicandsocialrealitiesthathavemadewomenmoreself-reliant(受20世紀(jì)80年代初期的‘自己動(dòng)手’運(yùn)動(dòng)的推動(dòng)和變化的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的影響，女性更多的是依靠自己)。故選C項(xiàng)“女性受到了某些思想和運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響”。

3.詞義題。“totote”出現(xiàn)在第一句:Itusedtobe——inpopularimagination,ifnotalwaysinreality——thatitwasthemanofthehousewhototedthetoolbelt,fixingaleakyfaucethereandrepairingaholeinthedrywallthere,whileoverseeinghomeimprovements,fromnewbookshelvestoroomadditions(過(guò)去,…的通常是一個(gè)家庭中的男性，雖然現(xiàn)實(shí)不一定如此，但至少在大家的觀念里是這樣的。包括在這兒修理一個(gè)漏水龍頭，在那兒填補(bǔ)干墻上的一個(gè)洞，與此同時(shí)還要監(jiān)督家居的環(huán)境改進(jìn)，從購(gòu)置新書架到其他房間布置物)。分析句子可知,whototedthetoolbelt作定語(yǔ)修飾“男性”,通過(guò)后面的“在這兒修理一個(gè)漏水龍頭…”推斷totedthetoolbelt應(yīng)該表示“攜帶工具腰帶”,因此四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中與“totote”意思最接近的應(yīng)該是B。

4.判斷推理題。第二段指出:Theyhavebeenmotivatedbythedo-it-yourselfmovementthatbeganintheearly1980s,andbychangingeconomicandsocialrealitiesthathavemadewomenmoreself-reliant(受20世紀(jì)80年代初期的‘自己動(dòng)手’運(yùn)動(dòng)的推動(dòng)和變化的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的影響，女性更多的是依靠自己),由此推斷C項(xiàng)“如今，越來(lái)越多的女性努力成為自己動(dòng)手者”符合原文。

12.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Untilthetwentiethcentury(1900s),themajorityoftheblackpopulationlivedinthesouthernpartoftheUnitesStates.Thentherewasapopulation_1_tothelargecitiesintheNorth.Prejudice_2_blacksisoften_3_withtheSouth.Slaverywasmorecommonthereanddiscriminationwasusuallymoreblatant(easiertosee):Waterfountains,restrooms,andrestaurantswereoftendesignated“whiteonly”.

IntheNorth,discriminationwasusuallylessobvious,butcertainlyit_4_poorblackneighborhoods,ghettos,inmostlargecities.Thishappenedbecauseofdiscriminationinhousingandthemovementofwhitecity_5_tothesuburbs,oftencalled“whiteflight”.

Inthe1950sand1960s,blacksfoughttogain_6_treatment,andtheynowhavelegalprotection_7_housing,education,andemployment.Becausetheirneighborhoodsaresegregated,manyblacksfeelthateducationalopportunitiesarenot_8_fortheirchildren.Busingchildrenfromoneneighborhoodtoanotherisone_9_toinequalityineducation._10_,allparentswantthebestpossibleeducationfortheirchildren.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.surge

B.movement

C.change

D.shift

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.toward

B.at

C.against

D.on

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.contributed

B.associated

C.related

D.referred

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.did

B.created

C.resulted

D.led

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.persons

B.citizens

C.residents

D.visitors

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.fair

B.good

C.excellent

D.best

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.in

C.on

D.at

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.adequate

B.much

C.rich

D.abundant

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.response

B.solution

C.field

D.correspondence

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.Therefore

B.Naturally

C.Consequently

D.Fortunately

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:B

第10題:B

【解析】第1題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)surge“洶涌：用力向某一特定方向快速移動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)movement“運(yùn)動(dòng)，活動(dòng)”；C選項(xiàng)change“改變”；D選項(xiàng)shift“移動(dòng)：把某物從一個(gè)位置或地方移到另一個(gè)位置或地方”。句意：然后人口（）到北方的大城市。前文里面提到黑人主要生活在美國(guó)南部，后面說(shuō)“奴隸制在那里更為普遍，歧視通常更為明顯（更容易看到）”再結(jié)合第二段開(kāi)頭“在北方，歧視通常不那么明顯……”，所以可以判斷出應(yīng)該是南方的黑人轉(zhuǎn)移到了北方，這里不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否用特定的方式快速移動(dòng)，所以A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；且空格后有to，一般shift和to搭配。D選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:考查固定搭配。句意：關(guān)于黑人的偏見(jiàn)總是（）南方。這里的名詞Prejudice一般和介詞against搭配，所以答案選C。

第3題:考查固定搭配。句意：關(guān)于黑人的偏見(jiàn)總是（）南方?？崭窈竺嬗薪樵~with；選項(xiàng)中能和with搭配的只有B選項(xiàng)，所以答案選B。

第4題:考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)did“確實(shí)”；B選項(xiàng)created“創(chuàng)造”；C選項(xiàng)resulted“導(dǎo)致”；D選項(xiàng)led“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”。句意：因?yàn)榇_實(shí)，它（）不富裕的黑人鄰居以及貧民窟。這里根據(jù)上下文意思，北方的歧視雖然不那么明顯但是還是存在，所以造成了有貧民窟現(xiàn)象。所以答案選B。Do是助動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)，所以不選；C選項(xiàng)是不及物動(dòng)詞后面得接介詞再接賓語(yǔ)，所以不選；lead單獨(dú)使用的時(shí)候“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，引領(lǐng)”的意思，leadto才是導(dǎo)致的意思，所以D選項(xiàng)不能選。

第5題:考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)persons“人”；B選項(xiàng)citizens“市民，公民”；C選項(xiàng)residents“居民”；D選項(xiàng)visitors“游客”。句意：這是因?yàn)樽》糠矫娴钠缫?，以及城市白人（）遷往郊區(qū)，這通常被稱為“白人外逃”。這里根據(jù)上下文詞義填“居民”最為合適，所以答案選C，因?yàn)榭崭袂懊嬗衏ity修飾，如果再填citizens會(huì)造成語(yǔ)義重復(fù)，所以B選項(xiàng)不選。

第6題:考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A選項(xiàng)fair“公平的”；B選項(xiàng)good“好的”；C選項(xiàng)excellent“卓越的，杰出的”；D選項(xiàng)best“最好的”。句意：黑人為得到（）對(duì)待而戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)下文中的inequalityineducation可知這里黑人追求的是各個(gè)方面的平等。

第7題:考查介詞意思。句意：現(xiàn)在他們?cè)谧》?、教育、工作方面有了法律保證。這里根據(jù)句意，這里填的詞義應(yīng)該是“在……方面”，所以答案選B。

第8題:考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adequate“足夠的”；B選項(xiàng)much“大量的”；C選項(xiàng)rich“富有的，肥沃的”；D選項(xiàng)abundant“豐富的”。句意：很多黑人都覺(jué)得他們孩子的教育機(jī)會(huì)不（）。根據(jù)上文所描述的，黑人為自己的權(quán)利而戰(zhàn)，已經(jīng)取得成效了，但是在教育方面他們覺(jué)得他們孩子接受教育的機(jī)會(huì)不夠，所以答案選A；這里所選的詞匯要用來(lái)修飾opportunity，而C、D選項(xiàng)一般用來(lái)形容資源豐富；B選項(xiàng)一般用作副詞，也一般不用作表語(yǔ)，所以不能選。

第9題:考查上下文文意。A選項(xiàng)response“反應(yīng)，回答”；B選項(xiàng)solution“解決方案”；C選項(xiàng)field“領(lǐng)域，場(chǎng)地”；D選項(xiàng)correspondence“通信，一致，相當(dāng)”。句意：用校車把孩子們從一個(gè)社區(qū)送到另一個(gè)社區(qū)是對(duì)教育不平等的一種（）。承接上文，黑人因?yàn)樽约旱纳鐓^(qū)之間隔離起來(lái)了覺(jué)得自己孩子的教育機(jī)會(huì)不夠，所以用巴士將社區(qū)之間連接起來(lái)就是解決教育資源不平等的方法了，所以答案選B。其他選項(xiàng)代入句中不符合句意。

第10題:考查副詞詞義。A選項(xiàng)Therefore“因此”；B選項(xiàng)Naturally“自然而然的”；C選項(xiàng)Consequently“因此，所以”；D選項(xiàng)Fortunately“幸運(yùn)的”。句意：（），所有的父母都想讓他們的孩子接受最好的教育。上句內(nèi)容是解決教育不平等的方案，這句內(nèi)容是父母希望孩子接受最好的教育，兩句之間不存在因果關(guān)系，排除A、C選項(xiàng)；根據(jù)句意，排除D選項(xiàng)，所以答案選B。

13.單選題

Somecinema-goersinLeipzigevenconfessedthatthefilmhadmadethemfeelemotionalandslightly（

）fortheirrecentpast.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.nostalgic

B.instinctive

C.intuitive

D.mirthful

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“鄉(xiāng)愁的，懷舊的”；B選項(xiàng)“本能的，天生的，直覺(jué)的”;C選項(xiàng)“直覺(jué)的”;D選項(xiàng)“愉快的，高興的”；根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞emotional和theirrecentpast以及句意‘萊比錫的一些電影觀眾甚至承認(rèn)，這部電影觸動(dòng)了他們的情感，有點(diǎn)懷念他們的過(guò)去’確定A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

ThebeautyofHopipaintedpotteryisknownthroughoutthemodernworld;soalsowasitknownandhighlyvaluedintheaboriginalworldoftheNorthAmericanWest.UntilapproximatelyA.D.1300potteryintheHopicountrywassimplyaregionalvariationonthewaresofotherpartsofthePuebloarea.Then,withtheadventofthefourteenthcentury,cameanartisticexplosion.Theblack-on-whitedesigns,belovedofarchaeologistsbutrelativelyundistinguished,weresupersededbybrilliant,black-on-orangedesignsandorangepolychromes.Theseinturnweresupersededbyblack-on-yellowtypesquitedifferentindesign,layout,andexecutionfromanyotherPuebloware.Bytheadditionofredtothis,apolychromewasproduced.Itsmoderncounterpartisinconstantdemandinshopsthroughoutthecountry.ItiscalledSikyatkiPolychromeafterthefirstmajorarchaeologicalexcavationintheHopicountry.

IncontrasttothealmostexclusivelygeometricnatureofotherPueblowares,thelateprehistoricHopiyellowsandpolychromesarecharacterizedbystartling,sweepingcurvilinearmotifs;bird,animal,floral,andhumanrepresentations;andreligiousmasksandceremonialscenes.TheirfreedomofrenditioniscompletelyatvariancewiththecanonsofallotherprehistoricPuebloschoolsofpotterydesign,exceptforthecontemporaryMimbreswareinwesternNewMexico,whichsharedsome,butfarfromallofthefreedomfromestablishedtradition.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theword“it”inthefirstsentencereferstothe______.

3.Inthefirstparagraph,whatissaidaboutHopipotterymadebeforeA.D.1300?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whendidthegreatestartisticadvancementinHopipotterytakeplace?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadesignusedforHopipaintedpottery?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThetechniquesusedbytheHopitomarketpottery.

B.ThepotteryartifactsfoundinanarchaeologicalexcavationatSikyatki.

C.ThediversedesignsandcolorsusedbytheHopiinpaintingpottery.

D.TherelationofHopipotterytothatdesignedbytheMimbres.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.NorthAmericanWest

B.qualityofakindofpottery

C.Hopiculture

D.modernworld

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itwastransportedailovertheworld.

B.Itshighcostmadeitdifficulttopurchase.

C.Itsblack-on-whitedesignswereuncommon.

D.ItwasverysimilartootherPueblopottery.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Duringtheyearsjustpriortothethirteenthcentury.

B.Duringthefirstfewdecadesofthethirteenthcentury.

C.Inthebeginningofthefourteenthcentury.

D.Inthemiddleofthefourteenthcentury.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Birdrepresentations.

B.Commonweapons.

C.Ceremonialscenes.

D.Humanfigures.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?1.這篇文章主要討論什么？

A.ThetechniquesusedbytheHopitomarketpottery.A.霍皮人銷售陶器的技術(shù)。

B.ThepotteryartifactsfoundinanarchaeologicalexcavationatSikyatki.B.在錫亞特基考古挖掘中發(fā)現(xiàn)的陶器。

C.ThediversedesignsandcolorsusedbytheHopiinpaintingpottery.C.霍皮人在繪制陶器時(shí)使用的各種圖案和顏色。

D.TherelationofHopipotterytothatdesignedbytheMimbres.D.霍皮陶器與明布雷斯人設(shè)計(jì)的陶器的關(guān)系。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文章第一句指明“霍皮彩陶的美麗在現(xiàn)代世界聞名”，隨之，作者介紹了不同時(shí)期下霍皮彩陶的特點(diǎn)，包括它們使用的色彩和圖案，所以整篇文章主要討論的就是霍皮人在彩繪陶器中使用的圖案和色彩，所以該題選擇C選項(xiàng)“霍皮人在繪制陶器時(shí)使用的各種圖案和顏色”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“霍皮人銷售陶器的技術(shù)”，原文沒(méi)有提到霍皮人的銷售技術(shù)，該項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有；

B項(xiàng)“在錫亞特基考古挖掘中發(fā)現(xiàn)的陶器”和D項(xiàng)“霍皮陶器與明布雷斯人設(shè)計(jì)的陶器的關(guān)系”只是原文中的某一個(gè)方面，不是主要內(nèi)容，以偏概全。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Theword“it”inthefirstsentencereferstothe______.2.第一句中的it指的是______。

A.NorthAmericanWestA.北美西部

B.qualityofakindofpotteryB.一種陶器的品質(zhì)

C.HopicultureC.霍皮文化

D.modernworldD.現(xiàn)代世界

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推理題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至首段第一句“霍皮彩陶的美麗在現(xiàn)代世界聞名；因此，在北美西部的土著世界也被人們所知并被高度重視”，從中可知，這里的it指的依然是霍皮彩陶，所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)“一種陶器的品質(zhì)”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“北美西部”由解題思路可知，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“霍皮文化”和D項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代世界”在該句都沒(méi)有提及，無(wú)中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Inthefirstparagraph,whatissaidaboutHopipotterymadebeforeA.D.1300?3.在第一段中，關(guān)于公元1300年以前的霍皮陶器是怎么說(shuō)的？

A.Itwastransportedailovertheworld.A.它被運(yùn)往世界各地。

B.Itshighcostmadeitdifficulttopurchase.B.它的昂貴價(jià)格使它很難購(gòu)買。

C.Itsblack-on-whitedesignswereuncommon.C.它的黑白設(shè)計(jì)很少見(jiàn)。

D.ItwasverysimilartootherPueblopottery.D.它和其他普韋布洛陶器非常相似。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文第一段第二句“大約在公元1300年以前，霍皮人國(guó)家的陶器僅僅是普韋布洛地區(qū)其他地區(qū)陶器的區(qū)域變種”可知，霍皮陶器是普韋布洛地區(qū)其他地區(qū)陶器的區(qū)域變種，這也就是說(shuō)霍皮陶器其實(shí)和其他普韋布洛陶器相似。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)“它和其他普韋布洛陶器非常相似”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“它被運(yùn)往世界各地”在原文中只在第一段倒數(shù)第二句提到“它的現(xiàn)代版（moderncounterpart）在全國(guó)各地的商店里不斷地有需求”，從moderncounterpart（現(xiàn)代版）可知這并不是公元1300年以前的事情，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

B項(xiàng)“它的昂貴價(jià)格使它很難購(gòu)買”在原文并沒(méi)有提到關(guān)于霍皮彩陶的價(jià)格，該項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有；

C項(xiàng)“它的黑白設(shè)計(jì)很少見(jiàn)”，定位第一段第四句“考古學(xué)家們鐘愛(ài)黑白圖案，但相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)并不出眾（relativelyundistinguished）……”可知，黑白圖案的設(shè)計(jì)只是并不出眾，而不是很少見(jiàn)，該項(xiàng)曲解原文。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Accordingtothepassage,whendidthegreatestartisticadvancementinHopipotterytakeplace?4.根據(jù)這篇文章，霍皮陶器最偉大的藝術(shù)進(jìn)步發(fā)生在什么時(shí)候？

A.Duringtheyearsjustpriortothethirteenthcentury.A.在十三世紀(jì)之前的幾年里。

B.Duringthefirstfewdecadesofthethirteenthcentury.B.在十三世紀(jì)的頭幾十年里。

C.Inthebeginningofthefourteenthcentury.C.在十四世紀(jì)初。

D.Inthemiddleofthefourteenthcentury.D.在十四世紀(jì)中期。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文第一段第三四句“然后，隨著十四世紀(jì)的到來(lái)，藝術(shù)出現(xiàn)了爆炸性的發(fā)展（cameanartisticexplosion）。考古學(xué)家們鐘愛(ài)的黑白圖案，但相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)并不出眾，后來(lái)被明亮的顏色所代替，出現(xiàn)了彩陶?！笨芍氖兰o(jì)的到來(lái)，霍皮陶器取得了重大進(jìn)步，這也就是說(shuō)霍皮陶器最偉大的藝術(shù)進(jìn)步發(fā)生在十四世紀(jì)早期。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“在十三世紀(jì)之前的幾年里”和B項(xiàng)“在十三世紀(jì)的頭幾十年里”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這兩項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“在十四世紀(jì)中期”在原文沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadesignusedforHopipaintedpottery?5.以下哪一項(xiàng)沒(méi)有被提到作為霍皮彩陶的設(shè)計(jì)？

A.Birdrepresentations.A.鳥禽描繪。

B.Commonweapons.B.普通武器。

C.Ceremonialscenes.C.儀式場(chǎng)景。

D.Humanfigures.D.人體畫像。

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文第二段第一句“與其他普韋布洛人的幾乎完全的幾何性質(zhì)相比，史前晚期的霍皮黃陶和彩陶以驚人的、廣泛的曲線圖案為特征，表現(xiàn)元素多為鳥、動(dòng)物、花、人類以及宗教面具和儀式場(chǎng)景”可知，霍皮彩陶的圖案多為鳥、動(dòng)物、花、人類以及宗教面具和儀式場(chǎng)景，只有B項(xiàng)“普通武器”沒(méi)有提及。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“鳥禽描繪”、C項(xiàng)“儀式場(chǎng)景”和D項(xiàng)“人體畫像”由解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)都是霍皮彩陶的圖案，屬于反向干擾。

15.單選題

Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn'tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn'tcutting,fillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe'dliketo,either.Mostofherclientsspend$12to$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy."I'magoodeconomicindicator,"shesays."Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhenthey'reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars."SoSperoisdownscaling,shoppingatmiddle-browDillard'sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanClevelandhome,insteadofNeimanMarcus."Idon'tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme,too"shesays.

EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan'sadmissionthatAmerica'sred-hoteconomyiscooling,lotsofworkingfolkshadalreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.FromcardealershipstoGapoutlets,saleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending.Forretailers,wholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetweenThanksgivingandChristmas,thecautiousapproachiscoiningatacrucialtime.Already,expertssay.holidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear'space.Butdon'tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlyconcerned,notpanicked,andmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy'slong-termprospect,evenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening.

Consumerssaythey'renotindespairbecause,despitethedreadfulheadlines,theirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmostregions.InManhattan,"there'sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe