考研考博-英語-上海大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Inaccordancewiththenewregulations,youareentitledtothreedaysofpaidsickleaveeverymonth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Accordingto

B.Carryingon

C.Lookingthrough

D.Puttingout

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)Accordingto“根據(jù)……”；B選項(xiàng)Carryingon“繼承，開始實(shí)施”；C選項(xiàng)Lookingthrough“瀏覽，溫習(xí)”；D選項(xiàng)Puttingout“撲滅，搏出”。句意：根據(jù)新規(guī)定，你每個月可以享受三天的帶薪病假。A選項(xiàng)與劃線詞的詞義最接近，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Junkfoodiseverywhere.We’reeatingwaytoomuchofit.Mostofusknowwhatwe’redoingandyetwedoitanyway.

Sohere’sasuggestionofferedbytworesearchersattheRandCorporation:Whynottakealessonfromalcoholcontrolpoliciesandapplythemtowherefoodissoldandhowit’sdisplayed?

“Manypolicymeasurestocontrolobesity(肥胖癥)assumethatpeopleconsciouslyandrationallychoosewhatandhowmuchtheyeatandthereforefocusonprovidinginformationandmoreaccesstohealthierfoods,”notethetworesearchers.

“Incontrast,”theresearcherscontinue,“manyregulationsthatdon’tassumepeoplemakerationalchoiceshavebeensuccessfullyappliedtocontrolalcohol,asubstance—likefood—ofwhichimmoderateconsumptionleadstoserioushealthproblems.”

Theresearchreferencesstudiesofpeople’sbehaviorwithfoodandalcoholandresultsofalcoholrestrictions,andthenlistsfiveregulationsthattheresearchersthinkmightbepromisingifappliedtojunkfoods.Amongthem:

Densityrestrictions:licensestosellalcoholaren’thandedoutunplannedtoallcomersbutareallotted(分配)basedonthenumberofplacesinanareathatalreadysellalcohol.Thesemakealcohollesseasytogetandreducethenumberofpsychologicalcuestodrink.

Similarly,theresearcherssay,beingpresentedwithjunkfoodstimulatesourdesiretoeatit.Sowhynotlimitthedensityoffoodoutlets,particularlyonesthatsellfoodrichinemptycalories?Andwhynotlimitsaleoffoodinplacesthataren’tprimarilyfoodstores?

Displayandsalesrestrictions:Californiahasaruleprohibitingalcoholdisplaysnearthecashregistersingasstations,andinmostplacesyoucan’tbuyalcoholatdrive-throughfacilities.Atsupermarkets,foodcompaniespaytohavetheirwaresinplaceswherethey’reeasilyseen.Onecouldremovejunkfoodtothebackofthestoreandbanthemfromtheshelvesatcheckoutlines.Theothermeasuresincluderestrictingportionsizes,taxingandprohibitingspecialpricedealsforjunkfoods,andplacingwarninglabelsontheproducts.

1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutjunkfood?

2.WhatdotheRandresearchersthinkofmanyofthepolicymeasurestocontrolobesity?

3.Whydopolicymakersofalcoholcontrolplacedensityrestrictions?

4.WhatisthepurposeofCalifornia’sruleaboutalcoholdisplayingasstations?

5.WhatisthegeneralguidelinetheRandresearcherssuggestaboutjunkfoodcontrol?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itstemptationistoostrongforpeopletoresist.

B.Itiswidelyconsumeddespiteitsillreputation.

C.Peopleshouldbeeducatednottoeattoomuch.

D.Itcausesmoreharmthanisgenerallyrealized.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyshouldbeimplementedeffectively.

B.Theyprovidemisleadinginformation.

C.Theyarebasedonwrongassumptions.

D.Theyhelppeoplemakerationalchoices.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Fewpeopleareabletoresistalcohol’stemptations.

B.Therearealreadytoomanystoressellingalcohol.

C.Drinkingstrongalcoholcancausesocialproblems.

D.Easyaccessleadstocustomers’over-consumption.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Toeffectivelylimitthedensityofalcoholoutlets.

B.Togetalcoholoutofdrivers’immediatesight.

C.Tohelpdriverstogiveupthehabitofdrinking.

D.Topreventpossiblejamsinnearbyareas.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Guidingpeopletomakerationalchoicesaboutfood.

B.Enhancingpeople’sawarenessoftheirownhealth.

C.Borrowingideasfromalcoholcontrolmeasures.

D.Resortingtoeconomic,legalandpsychologicalmeans.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutjunkfood?1.關(guān)于垃圾食品，作者說了什么？

A.Itstemptationistoostrongforpeopletoresist.A.它的誘惑太大了，人們無法抗拒。

B.Itiswidelyconsumeddespiteitsillreputation.B.盡管名聲不好，但它仍被廣泛食用。

C.Peopleshouldbeeducatednottoeattoomuch.C.人們應(yīng)該被教育不要吃得太多。

D.Itcausesmoreharmthanisgenerallyrealized.D.它造成的危害比人們普遍認(rèn)為的要大。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“垃圾食品到處都是。我們吃得太多了。我們大多數(shù)人都知道自己在做什么，但我們還是做了?！笨芍?，垃圾食品對人們的誘惑力實(shí)在是太強(qiáng)，以至于人們無法抵擋，A項(xiàng)“它的誘惑太大了，人們無法抗拒”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“盡管名聲不好，但它仍被廣泛食用”中的illreputation（名聲不好）沒有提到，該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C項(xiàng)“人們應(yīng)該被教育不要吃得太多”和D項(xiàng)“它造成的危害比人們普遍認(rèn)為的要大”也沒有提到，這兩項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.WhatdotheRandresearchersthinkofmanyofthepolicymeasurestocontrolobesity?2.蘭德公司的研究人員對許多控制肥胖的政策措施有何看法？

A.Theyshouldbeimplementedeffectively.A.它們應(yīng)得到有效執(zhí)行。

B.Theyprovidemisleadinginformation.B.它們提供誤導(dǎo)信息。

C.Theyarebasedonwrongassumptions.C.它們基于錯誤的假設(shè)。

D.Theyhelppeoplemakerationalchoices.D.它們幫助人們做出理性的選擇。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第三段，該段提到“許多控制肥胖的政策措施都假定人們會有意識地、理智地選擇吃什么、吃多少，因此會注重提供信息和更多獲得健康食品的途徑”，而第四段進(jìn)一步提到“相比之下，那些沒有假定人們會做出理智選擇的規(guī)章條例在控酒方面取得了成功”綜合理解可知，很多控制肥胖癥的政策措施都是基于錯誤的假設(shè)前提下，C項(xiàng)“它們基于錯誤的假設(shè)”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“它們應(yīng)得到有效執(zhí)行”根據(jù)解題思路可知，控制肥胖的政策措施基于一個錯誤的假設(shè)前提，更不能有效執(zhí)行了，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B項(xiàng)“它們提供誤導(dǎo)信息”，不是提供錯誤信息，而是假設(shè)錯誤，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“它們幫助人們做出理性的選擇”，原文不是help，而是assume，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Whydopolicymakersofalcoholcontrolplacedensityrestrictions?3.為什么酒精控制政策制定者要限制密度？

A.Fewpeopleareabletoresistalcohol’stemptations.A.很少有人能抗拒酒的誘惑。

B.Therearealreadytoomanystoressellingalcohol.B.賣酒的商店已經(jīng)太多了。

C.Drinkingstrongalcoholcancausesocialproblems.C.喝烈性酒會引起社會問題。

D.Easyaccessleadstocustomers’over-consumption.D.容易得到酒會導(dǎo)致消費(fèi)者過度消費(fèi)。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的內(nèi)容“銷售酒類的許可證不會在沒有計(jì)劃的情況下發(fā)給所有的顧客，而是根據(jù)一個地區(qū)已經(jīng)銷售酒精的地方的數(shù)量來分配。這（酒精密度限制）使得酒不易獲得（lesseasytoget），也減少了飲酒的心理暗示?！笨芍?，如果酒類飲品購買途徑不簡單，就會減少消費(fèi)者購買酒類飲品的數(shù)量從而減少飲酒，那么可以推斷，酒精控制政策限制密度是為了讓消費(fèi)者不易獲得酒類飲品，從而阻止過度消費(fèi)，最終減少人們購買酒類飲品的數(shù)量，所以D項(xiàng)“容易得到酒會導(dǎo)致消費(fèi)者過度消費(fèi)”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“很少有人能抗拒酒的誘惑”和C項(xiàng)“喝烈性酒會引起社會問題”沒提到，這兩項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B項(xiàng)“賣酒的商店已經(jīng)太多了”不是密度限制的原因，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.WhatisthepurposeofCalifornia’sruleaboutalcoholdisplayingasstations?4.加州規(guī)定在加油站展示酒類飲料的目的是什么？

A.Toeffectivelylimitthedensityofalcoholoutlets.A.有效地限制酒類出口的密度。

B.Togetalcoholoutofdrivers’immediatesight.B.把酒從司機(jī)的視線中移開。

C.Tohelpdriverstogiveupthehabitofdrinking.C.幫助司機(jī)改掉酗酒的習(xí)慣。

D.Topreventpossiblejamsinnearbyareas.D.防止附近地區(qū)可能出現(xiàn)的交通堵塞。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至最后一段的內(nèi)容“加州有一項(xiàng)規(guī)定，禁止在加油站收銀臺附近展示酒類飲料，而且在大多數(shù)地方，你不能在免下車商店買到酒類飲料。在超市，食品公司花錢把他們的商品放在容易看到的地方。人們可以把垃圾食品移到商店的后面，并禁止它們在收銀臺排隊(duì)結(jié)賬……”，可知，此處提到在超市里，垃圾食品一般展示在貨架的后面，是為了讓人們盡可能少的看見垃圾食品，同樣，加州規(guī)定加油站不能展示酒類飲品，也是為了讓司機(jī)不看見它們，即把酒類飲品淡出人們的視線，B項(xiàng)“把酒從司機(jī)的視線中移開”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“有效地限制酒類出口的密度”，并不是限制出口，而是限制銷售，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“幫助司機(jī)改掉酗酒的習(xí)慣”，限制酒類飲品展示只能減少飲酒的心理暗示，并不能改掉酗酒習(xí)慣，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“防止附近地區(qū)可能出現(xiàn)的交通堵塞”沒有提到，該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.WhatisthegeneralguidelinetheRandresearcherssuggestaboutjunkfoodcontrol?5.關(guān)于垃圾食品的控制，蘭德公司的研究人員提出了什么總體指導(dǎo)方針？

A.Guidingpeopletomakerationalchoicesaboutfood.A.引導(dǎo)人們對食物做出理性的選擇。

B.Enhancingpeople’sawarenessoftheirownhealth.B.提高人們對自身健康的意識。

C.Borrowingideasfromalcoholcontrolmeasures.C.借鑒酒精控制措施。

D.Resortingtoeconomic,legalandpsychologicalmeans.D.采取經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律和心理手段。

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞theRand定位至第二段的內(nèi)容“蘭德公司的兩位研究人員提出了一個建議：為什么不從酒精控制政策中吸取教訓(xùn)，把它們應(yīng)用到食品的銷售地點(diǎn)和展示方式上呢？”從中理解可知，關(guān)于垃圾食品的控制蘭德公司的研究人員建議借鑒酒精的控制政策，C項(xiàng)“借鑒酒精控制措施”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“引導(dǎo)人們對食物做出理性的選擇”和B項(xiàng)“提高人們對自身健康的意識”，根據(jù)原文第三、四段內(nèi)容可知，控制肥胖的政策措施是基于一個錯誤的假設(shè)前提，引導(dǎo)人們對食物做出理性的選擇和提高人們對自身健康的意識也是控制肥胖的政策措施之一，所以這兩項(xiàng)并不是控制垃圾食品的好辦法，屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“采取經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律和心理手段”中的經(jīng)濟(jì)手段在原文沒有提到，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

3.問答題

Inmyview,suchamechanicalpredictionmissesthemark.Foronething,countriessometimesreacttotheriseofasinglepowerby"bandwagoning",muchasMussolinididwhenhedecidedtoallywithHitler.Proximitytoandperceptionsofthreatalsoaffectthewayinwhichcountriesreact.TheUnitedStatesbenefitsfromitsgeographicalseparationfromEuropeandAsiainthatitoftenappearsasalessproximatethreatthanneighboringcountriesinsidethoseregions.Indeed,in1945,theUnitesStateswasbyfarthestrongestnationonearth,andamechanicalapplicationofbalancingtheorywouldhavepredictedanallianceagainstit.Instead,EuropeandJapanalliedwiththeAmericansbecausetheSovietUnion,whileweakerinoverallpower,posedagreatermilitarythreatbecauseofitsgeographicalproximityanditslingeringrevolutionaryambitions.Today,IraqandIranbothdisliketheUnitedStatesandmightbeexpectedtoworktogethertobalanceAmericanpowerinthePersianGulf,buttheyworryevenmoreabouteachother.Nationalismcanalsocomplicatepredictions.Forexample,ifNorthKoreaandSouthKoreaarereunited,theyshouldhaveastrongincentivetomaintainanalliancewithadistantpowersuchastheUnitedStatesinordertobalancetheirtwogiantneighbors,ChinaandJapan.ButintensenationalismresultinginoppositiontoanAmericanpresencecouldchangethisifAmericandiplomacyisheavy-headed.Non-stateactorscanalsohaveaneffect,aswitnessedbythewaycooperationagainstterroristschangedsomestates'behaviorafterSeptember2001.

Agoodcasecanbemadethatinequalityofpowercanbeasourceofpeaceandstability.Nomatterhowpowerismeasured,sometheoristsargue,anequaldistributionofpoweramongmajorstateshasbeenrelativelyrareinhistory,andeffortstomaintainabalancehaveoftenledtowar.Ontheotherhand,inequalityofpowerhasoftenledtopeaceandstabilitybecausetherewaslittlepointindeclaringwaronadominantstate.ThepoliticalscientistRobertGilpinhasarguedthat"PaxBritannicaandPaxAmericana,likethePaxRonuina,ensuredaninternationalsystemofrelativepeaceandsecurity."AndtheeconomistCharlesKindlebergerclaimedthat"fortheworldeconomytobestabilized,therehastobeastabilizer,onestabilizer."Globalgovernancerequiresalargestatetotakethelead.Buthowmuchandwhatkindofinequalityofpowerisnecessary-ortolerable-andforhowlong?Iftheleadingcountrydefinesitsinterestsnarrowlyandusesitsweightarrogantly,itincreasestheincentivesforotherstocoordinatetoescapeitshegemony.

SomecountrieschafeundertheweightofAmericanpowermorethanothers.HegemonyissometimesusedasatermofopprobriumbypoliticalleadersincountriessuchasRussia.ThetermisusedlessoftenorlessnegativelyincountrieswhereAmericansoftpowerisstrong.Ifhegemonymeansbeingabletodictate,oratleastdominate,therulesandarrangementsbywhichinternationalrelationsareconducted,thentheUnitedStatesishardlyahegemonytoday.ItdoeshaveapredominantvoiceandvoteintheIMF,butitcannotalonechoosethedirector.IthasnotbeenabletoprevailoverEuropeandJapanintheWTO.ItopposedtheLandMinesTreatybutcouldnotpreventitfromcomingintoexistence.

1.Accordingtothispassage,whatdoesthe“mechanicalprediction”inthefirstsentencepredict?

2.Whatisthemeaningof“ifAmericandiplomacyisheavy-headed”？

3.Pleaselistallthefactorsthataffectthewaysinwhichcountries’reacttoastrongerpower.

4.WhatpointdoesRobertGilpintrytomakeinhisobservationquotedinparagraph2?

5.Whatshouldtheleadingcountrydotoensurethatothercountrieswouldworkwithit?

【答案】1.Amechanicalapplicationofbalancingtheorywouldhavepredictedanallianceagainstthestrongnation.

2.ItmeansthatAmericandiplomacyisdull.

3.Othercountries'reaction;proximitytoandperceptionsofthreat;nationalism;thediplomacyofthestrongpower;non-stateactors.

4.Inequalityofpowerhasoftenledtopeaceandstabilitybecausetherewaslittlepointindeclaringwaronadominantstate.

5.Theleadingcountryshoulddefenditslegitimateinterestsanduseitsleadingpowerjustly.

4.單選題

（

）Itwasafterthefailureofthisattemptthathetoforce.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resolved

B.recurred

C.exerted

D.resorted

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:自那次試驗(yàn)失敗后，他訴諸武力。

resolve:決心，分解;recur:復(fù)發(fā)，重視，再發(fā)生;exert:運(yùn)用，發(fā)揮。resort:求助，訴諸。此句是個強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)是狀語。Resortto訴諸,求助于。故D項(xiàng)符合句意。

5.單選題

Oneoftheattractivefeaturesofthecoursewasthewaythepracticalworkhadbeen（）withthetheoreticalaspectsofthesubject.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.embraced

B.alternated

C.adjusted

D.integrated

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。embraced包含；alternated交替，輪流；adjusted調(diào)整；integrated整合，使……成為整體。句意：這門課程吸引人的一個特點(diǎn)是：實(shí)踐工作與該學(xué)科理論方面相結(jié)合。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

6.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

MostBritishnewspapersarenotnecessarilycarefulaboutlanguage,buttheyarecarefulaboutbadwordsanyway.Thephrase“familynewspaper”isaninevitablepartofourlives.Newspapersarenotinthebusinessofgivingunjustifiedoffence.Itisalimitationofnewspaperwriting,andeverybodyinthebusiness,whetherwritingorreading,understandsandaccepts.Therearemanyothernecessarylimitations,andmostoftheseconcerntimeandspace.

NewspapershavedominatedsportswritinginBritainforyears.Buttenyearsago,anewplayerenteredthegame.Thiswasthephenomenonofmen’smagazines.GQwasthepioneeranditleadsthewaystill,leavingtherestpantingdistantlyinitswake.

Sports,ofcourse,ablindinglyobvioussubjectforamen’smagazine—butitcouldnotbetackledinablindinglyobviousway.Certainly,oneofthefirstthingsGQwasabletoofferwasanewwayofwritingaboutsport,butthiswasnotsomuchacunningplanasanecessity.Themagazinewasdoomed,asitwere,toofferawholenewrangeoffreedomstoitssportswriters.Freedomofvocabularywassimplythemostobviousoneand,inevitably,itappealedtotheschoolboywithinus.Butspaceandtimeweretheothers,andthesepossibilitiesmeantthatthecraftofsportswritinghadtobereinvented.

Unlikenewspapers,amagazinecanofferadecentlengthoftimetoresearchandtowrite.Theseare,youwouldthink,luxuries—especiallytothoseofuswhoareoftenrequiredtoreadan800-wordmatchreportoverthetelephonetheinstantthefinalwhistlehasgone.Nooneexpectsamasterpieceundersuchcircumstances.Butalongmagazinedeadlinegivesyouthedisconcertingandagoraphobicfreedomtoresearch,towrite,tothink.

GQisnotrestrictedbythesameconventionsofreaderexpectationasanewspaper.Youneednotworryaboutoffendingpeopleoralienatingthem;thewholeethosofthemagazineisthatreadersaretheretobechallenged.Therewillbereaderswhowouldfindsomeofitspiecesoffensiveorevenimpossibleinanewspaper,oreveninadifferentmagazine.ButthesamereaderswillreadthepieceinGQandfinditenthralling.

Thatisbecausethemagazineisalwaysslightlyuncomfortabletobewith.Itisnotlikeacozymemberofthefamily,norevenlikeafriend.Itisthestrong,self-opinionatedpersonthatyoucanneverquitemakeupyourmindwhetheryoulikeornot.Youadmirehim,butyouareslightlyuneasywithhim.Thepeoplearoundhimmightnotaltogetherapproveofeverythinghesays;somemightnotcareforhimatall.Buttheyfeelcompelledtolisten.Theself-confidenceistoocompelling.Andjustwhenyouthinkbeisbeginningtobecomeratherabore,hesurprisesyouwithhisgenuineintelligence.Hemakesabroadjoke,andthensuddenlyheisdemandingyoufollowhimintheturningofanintellectualsomersault.

1.Whatdoesthewritersayaboutnewspapersinthefirstparagraph?

2.Whatdoesthewriterimplyinthesecondparagraph?

3.WhyweresportswritersforGQgivennewfreedoms?

4.Whycan’twritersforGQusethesamemethodsaswritersfornewspapers?

5.ThewriterlikensGQmagazinetoapersonwho（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theytendnottoincludearticlesreaderswillfindverychallenging.

B.Articlesinthemdonotreflectthewaymanypeoplereallyspeak.

C.Theyaremoreconcernedwithprofitthanwithqualityofwriting.

D.Theyfailtorealizewhatkindofwritingwouldappealtoreaders.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.GQmagazinecontainsarticlesthatarewellworthreading.

B.Someofthemorerecentmen’smagazinesareunlikelytosurvive.

C.Thestandardofsportswritinginnewspapershasimprovedinrecenttimes.

D.Heisinapositiontogiveanobjectiveviewofsportswritinginmagazines.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TherestrictionsofnewspaperwritingdonotapplytowritingforGQ.

B.Themagazine’sinitialplansforitssportsarticlesprovedunrealistic.

C.Notionsaboutwhatmadegoodsportsjournalismwerechanging.

D.Thewritersthatitwantedtoemploydemandedgreaterfreedom.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ArticlesinGQarenotallowedtoconsistmainlyofinterviews.

B.Theywanttobeconsideredbetterthanwritersfornewspapers.

C.Writersfornewspapersdonothavesomuchspacetofill.

D.Theyhavebeentoldtoavoidtheconventionsofnewspaperwriting.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.saysthingsyouwishyouhadsaidyourself.

B.frequentlychangeshispointofview.

C.forcesyoutopayattentiontohim.

D.wantstobeconsideredentertaining.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段，第一段大意是對英國報(bào)紙的描述，從“Itisalimitationofnewspaperwriting,andeverybodyinthebusiness,whetherwritingorreading,understandsandaccepts”可以看出，英國的報(bào)紙是沒有那么自由的，它非常官方主流，有很多限制，因此各種限制導(dǎo)致它沒有辦法去寫一些很有火藥味的報(bào)道，因此答案A正確，其他選項(xiàng)皆沒有暗示和論據(jù)。

第2題:段落推斷題。定位到原文第二段，A選項(xiàng)錯誤，GQ的文章只是很吸引人，是否值得一讀作者并沒有給出說法；B錯誤，其他雜志只是難以和GQ比肩，但是并不一定會倒閉；C項(xiàng)錯誤，體育新聞的寫作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并不是一定被提高了，它只是被改變了，由GQ這本雜志來改變的；D項(xiàng)是正確的，在第二段作者表達(dá)的就是非常客觀的觀點(diǎn)，無論是對于雜志還是報(bào)紙上的體育新聞，他都是可以客觀評論的。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。問的是為何GQ的作家們有新的自由，我們可以定位到第三段，以及第四段，都是在說雜志上的體育新聞沒有報(bào)紙那么嚴(yán)格，它們并沒有那么多限制和條條框框，因此答案為A。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)題。文章的第四段第一句，“Unlikenewspapers,amagazinecanofferadecentlengthoftimetoresearchandtowrite.”以及后面的“Butalongmagazinedeadlinegivesyouthedisconcertingandagoraphobicfreedomtoresearch,towrite,tothink.”可以看出雜志的發(fā)揮空間比報(bào)紙大很多，時間也更充足，發(fā)揮空間更加大，因此答案為C。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段，“Thepeoplearoundhimmightnotaltogetherapproveofeverythinghesays;somemightnotcareforhimatall.Buttheyfeelcompelledtolisten.Theself-confidenceistoocompelling.（他周圍的人可能并不完全贊同他說的每一句話；有些人可能根本不喜歡他。但他們覺得必須去傾聽。自信太令人信服了。）”因此答案為C，其他三項(xiàng)都沒有理論支撐。

7.單選題

SigmundFreudlivedmostofhislifeinVienna,Austria.HewastrainedinmedicineandestablishedtheInternationalPsychoanalyticAssociationin1910.Thisexcerptisfromatranslationofa1923work,TheEgoandtheId.

Therearecertainpeoplewhobehaveinaquitepeculiarfashionduringtheworkofanalysis.Whenonespeakshopefullytothemorexpressessatisfactionwiththeprogressofthetreatment,theyshowsignsofdiscontentandtheirconditioninvariablybecomesworse.Onebeginsbyregardingthisasdefianceandasanattempttoprovetheirsuperioritytothephysician,butlateronecomestotakeadeeperandjusterview.Onebecomesconvinced,notonlythatsuchpeoplecannotendureanypraiseorappreciation,butthattheyreactinverselytotheprogressofthetreatment.Everypartialsolutionthatoughttoresult;andinotherpeopledoesresult,inanimprovementoratemporarysuspensionofsymptomsproducesinthemfortheexacerbationoftheirillness;theygetworseduringthetreatmentinsteadofgettingbetter.Theexhibitwhatisknownasa“negativetherapeuticreaction.”

Thereisnodoubtthatthereissomethinginthesepeoplethatsetsitselfagainsttheirrecovery,anditsapproachisdreadedasthoughitwereadanger.Weareaccustomedtosaythattheneedforillnesshasgottheupperhandinthemoverthedesireforrecovery.Ifweanalyzethisresistanceintheusualway—then,evenafterallowancehasbeenmadeforanattitudeofdefiancetowardsthephysicianandforfixationtothevariousformsofgainfromillness,thegreaterpartofitisstillleftover;andthisrevealsitselfasthemostpowerfulofallobstaclestorecovery,morepowerfulthanthefamiliaronesofnarcissisticinaccessibility,anegativeattitudetowardsthephysicianandclingingtothegainfromillness.

Intheend,wecometoseethatwearedealingwithwhatmaybecalleda“moral”factor,asenseofguiltwhichisfindingsatisfactionintheillnessandrefusestogiveupthepunishmentofsuffering.Weshallberightinregardingthisdishearteningexplanationasfinal.Butasfarasthepatientisconcernedthissenseofguiltisdumb;itdoesnottellhimheisguilty;hedoesnotfeelguilty,hefeelsill.Thissenseofguiltexpressesitselfonlyasaresistancetorecoverywhichisextremelydifficulttoovercome.Itisalsoparticulardifficulttoconvincethepatientthatthismotiveliesbehindhiscontinuingtobeill,heholdsfasttothemoreobviousexplanationthattreatmentbyanalysisisnottherightremedyforhiscase.

1.Agoodtitleforthispassagemightbe（

）.

2.FromthepassagewecanlearnthatFreudmeansthatthesepatients

（

）.

3.Freud’sstudyofthissyndromeleadshimtothinkthat

（

）.

4.DoesFreudfeelthatanalysisisnotrightforthepatientshedescribes?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.AnInverseReactiontoProgress

B.TheNeedforAnalysis

C.GuiltandSuffering

D.IntroductiontoFreud’sIdeas

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.actcontrarytoaphysician’sexpectations

B.getworsewhentheyshouldgetbetter

C.getbetterwhentheyshouldgetworse

D.bothAandB

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.mostpatientsrespondbadlytopraise

B.patientsneedtotrusttheirphysicians

C.patients’guiltmaykeepthemfromgettingwell

D.thepatients’personalemotionsneedtobeanalyzed

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Yes,hefeelstheyareinlovewiththeirillness.

B.Yes,hefeelsthattheyaretooilltorecover.

C.Yes,hesensesthattheyneedanotherremedy.

D.No,butthepatientsoftenfeelthatway.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第一段中Thisexcerptisfromatranslationofa1923work,TheEgoandtheId.“本文節(jié)選自1923年的作品《自我與本我》。”與第二段Therearecertainpeoplewhobehaveinaquitepeculiarfashionduringtheworkofanalysis.Whenonespeakshopefullytothemorexpressessatisfactionwiththeprogressofthetreatment,theyshowsignsofdiscontentandtheirconditioninvariablybecomesworse.“在分析工作中，有些人的行為舉止相當(dāng)奇特。當(dāng)人們滿懷希望地與他們交談，或?qū)χ委煹倪M(jìn)展表示滿意時，他們就會表現(xiàn)出不滿的跡象，病情總是會惡化?！笨赏浦狣項(xiàng)“對弗洛伊德觀點(diǎn)的介紹”正確。其他三項(xiàng)都是文中未提及的內(nèi)容。

2.判斷推理題。定位到第二段中的butthattheyreactinverselytotheprogressofthetreatment.“但是它們對治療過程的反應(yīng)是相反的?！焙蛅heygetworseduringthetreatmentinsteadofgettingbetter.“他們在治療過程中病情惡化，而不是好轉(zhuǎn)”?？芍狝項(xiàng)與B項(xiàng)正確，故答案為D。

3.判斷推理題。由最后一段中Weshallberightinregardingthisdishearteningexplanationasfinal.我們將正確地把這個令人沮喪的解釋作為最后的解釋”。和“Thissenseofguiltexpressesitselfonlyasaresistancetorecoverywhichisextremelydifficulttoovercome.這種內(nèi)疚感只表現(xiàn)為對恢復(fù)的抗拒，而恢復(fù)是極其難以克服的”?？芍狢項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題由最后一段中Itisalsoparticulardifficulttoconvincethepatientthatthismotiveliesbehindhiscontinuingtobeill,heholdsfasttothemoreobviousexplanationthattreatmentbyanalysisisnottherightremedyforhiscase.要讓病人相信他繼續(xù)患病的動機(jī)是非常困難的，他堅(jiān)持更明顯的解釋，即通過分析治療并不是對他的病例的正確治療”?？芍狣項(xiàng)正確。

8.填空題

Directions:Inthispassage,thereare10mistakes.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(/\)intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandputaslash(/)intheblank.

Example:

Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiods.

1.time(s)/period

Manyoftheargumentshavingusedforthestudyofliterature

2./

Asaschoolsubjectarevalidfor/\studyoftelevision.

3.the

EveryweekhundredsofCVslandonourdesks.

We’veseenitall:CVsprintedonpinkpaper,CVsthatare

10pageslongandCVswithsillymistakesinfirstparagraph.A

71.____________

goodCVisyourpassporttoaninterviewand,ultimate,to

72.____________

thejobyouwant.Initialimpressionsarevital,andabadlypresented

CVcouldmeanacceptance,regardlessofwhat’sinit.

73.____________

Hereareafewwaystoavoidendupontherejectpile.

74.____________

PrintyourCVongood-qualitywhitepaper.CVswithflowery

backgroundsorpinkpaperwillstandoutuponallthewrongreasons.

75.____________

Getsomeonetocheckforspellingandgrammaticalerrors,

becauseaspell-checkerwillpickupeverymistake,CVswitherrors

76.____________

willberejected-itshowsthatyoudon’tpayattentiontodetail.

Restrictyourselftooneortwopagesandlistingany

77.____________

publicationsorrefereesonaseparatesheet.

IfyouaresendingyourCVelectronically,checktheformatting

bysendingittoyourselffirst.Keepuptheformatsimple.

78.____________

Donotsendaphotounlessspecificallyrequested.

Ifyouhavetosendone,makesureitisonetakingina

79.____________

professionalsetting,ratherthanaholidaysnap.

Gettingthepresentationrightisjustthefirststep.

Whataboutthecontent?TheRulehereistokeepitfactualand

truthful-exaggerationsusuallygetfindout.Andremember

80.____________

totailoryourCVtoeachdifferentjob.

【答案】71.first前加上定冠詞the

72.ultimate改為ultimately

73.acceptance改為unacceptance

74.end改為ending

75.upon改為among

76.在will和pick之間插入not

77.listing改為list

78.Keepup去掉up

79.taking改為taken

80.find改為found

【解析】71.考查冠詞。表示“第幾”時，要在序數(shù)詞前，加上定冠詞the。這里要表達(dá)的是第一段，因此要在first前加上定冠詞the。

72.考查副詞。本詞用在兩個逗號之間，單獨(dú)使用，是整個句子的插入語，應(yīng)該用副詞形式ultimately“最終”。另外，形容詞ultimate只能用在名詞前做定語。

73.考查上下文語義。原文句意：第一印象很重要，表現(xiàn)得很糟糕，不管簡歷上寫了什么，都可能意味著被錄取。由此可知，原句意邏輯不通，很糟糕的第一印象應(yīng)該意味著不被錄取，而非錄取。因此acceptance應(yīng)改為unacceptance，句意：第一印象很重要，表現(xiàn)得很糟糕，不管簡歷上寫了什么，都可能意味著不被錄取。

74.考查非謂語動詞。Avoid+doing表示避免。此處end(up)接在動詞avoid后面，做avoid的非謂語，其形式應(yīng)該為ending。

75.考查介詞。句意：簡歷有華麗的背景或者用粉色的紙打印會在所有錯誤的理由中脫穎而出。根據(jù)句意，“簡歷有華麗的背景或者用粉色的紙打印”這兩個錯誤在所有的錯誤中格外突出，此處用介詞among“在……中”比介詞upon“在……上”更好。

76.考查上下文語義。原文句意：找一個人幫你檢查拼寫和語法錯誤，因?yàn)槠磳憴z查工具會找出所有錯誤。由此可知，原句意邏輯不通。如果拼寫檢查工具可以找出所有的錯誤的話，就不需要再專門找一個人檢查了。所以正確的句意是：找一個人幫你檢查拼寫和語法錯誤，因?yàn)槠磳憴z查工具不能找出所有錯誤。因此，要在will和pick之間插入not

77.考查并列句和祈使句。原文Restrictyourselftooneortwopagesandlistinganypublicationsorrefereesonaseparatesheet.（把你的自我介紹限制在一到兩頁，并在另一張紙上列出任何出版作品或者推薦人。）此處是用and連接兩個祈使句，因此，listing應(yīng)與restrict一樣使用動詞原形list。

78.考查動詞短語的使用。句意：保持格式簡單。Keepup雖然有“使繼續(xù)，保持”的意思，但是該短語的用法是keepsthup“繼續(xù)某事”，例如：IwassohungryallthetimethatIcouldnotkeepthedietupforlongerthanamonth.（我總是餓，所以我的節(jié)食一個月后就繼續(xù)不下去了。）由此可知Keepup用在此處，句意和用法都不對。去掉up，直接用動詞keep“保持”就可以滿足要求。

79.考查非謂語動詞。句意：確保是一張?jiān)趯ｉT的地方拍的照片，而不是一張旅游快照。此處takeinaprofessionalsetting做one（指代前文的photo）的非謂語，taking表主動；ta