考研考博-英語-上海工商職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海工商職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thisbookisessentialtoanyoneinterestedinspaceexploration.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dispensable

B.indisputable

C.indispensable

D.disputable

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.dispensable可有可無的B.indisputable不容質(zhì)疑的

C.indispensable不可缺少的D.disputable有討論余地的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析

【解題思路】劃線詞修飾的是“這本書”，原詞essential“必要的；基本的”，C選項(xiàng)indispensable“不可缺少的”與原詞詞義最接近。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)dispensable“可有可無的”，與原詞詞義不符；

B選項(xiàng)indisputable“不容質(zhì)疑的”，與“這本書”搭配不太恰當(dāng)；

D選項(xiàng)disputable“有討論余地的”，與“這本書”搭配不太恰當(dāng)。

【句意】對任何喜歡太空的人來說，這本書是必要的。

2.單選題

Businesstourismisverylucrativeasbusinesstravelershaveahigherspendthanleisuretourists,which（）createsmorejobs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inessence

B.incontrast

C.inturn

D.inpart

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)inessence表示“本質(zhì)上，大體上”；B選項(xiàng)incontrast表示“與之相反，比較起來”；C選項(xiàng)inturn表示“反過來，輪流”；D選項(xiàng)inpart表示“部分地，在某種程度上”。由句意可知，商務(wù)旅游是非常有利可圖的，因?yàn)樯虅?wù)旅行者比休閑游客有更高的消費(fèi)，這（）創(chuàng)造了更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會。對比四個選項(xiàng)，只有D選項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

Povertyanddomesticviolencemakeiteasyforhertotrustthatbadthingswillhappenandtakethis（）happinessaway.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adversary

B.vulgar

C.fragile

D.superfluous

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。adversary敵手，對手；vulgar粗俗的，本土的；fragile脆的，易碎的；superfluous多余的。句意：貧窮和家庭暴力讓她很容易相信壞事會發(fā)生，并帶走這種脆弱的幸福。只有選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

4.單選題

Headdeda（）tohisletterbysayingthathewouldarrivebefore8pm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presidency

B.prestige

C.postscript

D.preliminary

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)presidency“總統(tǒng)（或董事長、會長、大學(xué)校長等）的職位（任期）”；B選項(xiàng)prestige“威望，聲望”；C選項(xiàng)postscript“附言；又及”；D選項(xiàng)preliminary“初步的，開始的，預(yù)備的”。句意：他在信上加了（），說他將在晚上8點(diǎn)前到達(dá)。這里表達(dá)的意思是“他在附言里說……”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Britain’sChannelFourtelevisionsenthimtoNewYorktodoa(n)（）interviewforits“TheWord”programme.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alive

B.lively

C.live

D.living

【答案】C

【解析】考查形似詞詞義辨析。alive“活著的”；lively“活潑的”；live“實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的”；living“活的；現(xiàn)存的”。句意：英國第四頻道電視欄目送他去紐約為他們的“世界”欄目做現(xiàn)場采訪。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

Allfactoriesandminesare______bygovernmentofficials.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.examined

B.surveyed

C.inspected

D.investigated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)examined“（仔細(xì)）檢查；考察”；B選項(xiàng)surveyed“勘測；民意調(diào)查；房屋鑒定”；C選項(xiàng)inspected“視察；查看”；D選項(xiàng)investigated“偵察”。句意：所有的工廠和礦山都由政府官員______。根據(jù)語境，governmentofficials“政府官員”搭配inspected“視察”比較合理。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Inthepastthreedecadesgreatchanges,especiallythewayyoungeradultsviewmarriage,havetakenplaceinsociety.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inthepastthreedecades

B.especiallythe

C.youngeradults

D.insociety

E.沒有錯誤

【答案】B

【解析】副詞誤用。especially改為particularly。副詞especially一般表示某事物在意義、程度、重要性性超過其他事物。而particularly往往著重說明與同類事物不同的個別事物。

8.單選題

Humanbeingsspendalotoftimetryingtofigureoutwhatwillmakethemhappy,butnotnearlyenoughtimetryingto（

）thehappinesstheyalreadyhave.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hangonto

B.putupwith

C.lookdownon

D.goinfor

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。hangonto意為“緊緊握住”；putupwith意為“忍受，容忍”；lookdownon意為“看不起，輕視”；goinfor意為“從事”。句意：人類花了很多時間試圖找出什么會使他們快樂，但卻沒有足夠的時間去嘗試把握他們已經(jīng)擁有的幸福。

9.填空題

Doyouknowhowwecanget（

）toholdanoutdoorconcertoncampus?

【答案】permission

【解析】固定搭配。Getpermissionto獲得權(quán)限。

10.單選題

Somepeoplethinkthata（

）translation,orword-for-wordtranslation,iseasierthanafreetranslation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.liberal

B.literary

C.literal

D.linear

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。liberal意為“自由的”；literary意為“文學(xué)的”；literal意為“文字上的，字面的”；linear意為“直線的，線形的”。由句中的than可知是與afreetranslation（意譯）相比較，翻譯一般分為意譯與直意，因此選C。

句意：有些人認(rèn)為直譯，或者說逐字逐句的翻譯，比意譯容易。

11.翻譯題

Intheprocessoftheon-goingnationwidecampaignlaunchedtoconsolidatethemarketorder,punishmentshavebeenmetedoutinaccordancewithlawsagainstwithcrimesthatdoharmtopeople’slivesandhealth,includingproductionandsaleofcounterfeitandsubstandardfoodsandmedicines,andothercrimessuchastaxevasionanddefraud,financialswindling,smugglingandpyramidselling.Thishaseffectivelyprotectedthepeople’slegitimaterightsandinterests.Workhasbeenintensifiedtoinvestigateandpreventon-jobcrimes,withspecialfocusoninvestigatingandpunishingthoseconvictedofseriousbriberyandcorruptionoffenses,bringingtojusticethoseproventohaveactedasbehind-the-sceneleadersofMafia-likegangsorastheir“protectiveumbrellas”bytakingadvantagesoftheirpowersandinfluence.

【答案】【參考譯文】在全國范圍內(nèi)開展的整頓市場秩序活動中，依法懲治了生產(chǎn)、銷售假冒偽劣食品、藥品等危害人民生命健康的犯罪和偷稅、詐騙、金融詐騙、走私、傳銷等其他犯罪。這有效地保障了人民的合法權(quán)益。加大查辦和預(yù)防職務(wù)犯罪工作力度，重點(diǎn)查處嚴(yán)重受賄、腐敗犯罪分子，將那些被證明是黑社會性質(zhì)組織的幕后領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人或利用其權(quán)力和影響力充當(dāng)其“保護(hù)傘”的人繩之以法。

12.單選題

Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynew,theyarebydefinitionunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoicesinthismatter.Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon'tandifyouhaveityouareobligedtoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformation,alongwiththeneatandpromptlyusefulbits.TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictruthaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatweareprofoundlyignorantaboutthenature.Indeed,Iregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itis,inthisway,anilluminatingpieceofnews.Itwouldhaveamazedthatthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.Itisthissuddenconfrontationwithdepthandscopeofignorancethatrepresentsthemostsignificantcontributionofthe20thcenturysciencetobethehumanintellect.Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnest,wearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsare;andhowfarfrombeinganswered.Becauseofthis,wearedepressed.Itisnotsobadbeingignorance,worstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badspots,butnotruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted.Butwearemakingabeginning,andthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan’tbeanswered,soonerorlater,includingeventhematterofconsciousness.Tobesure,theremaywellbequestionswecan’tthinkup,andthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellect,butthatisanothermatter.Withinourlimits,weshouldbeabletoworkourthroughtoallouranswers,ifwekeepatitlongenough,andpayattention.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,reallygoodscience（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscientistsofthe18thcentury

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofscientistsinearliertimes?

4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsscience?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldsurprisethebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenment.

B.willproduceresultswhichcannotbeforeseen

C.willhelppeopletomaketherightchoiceinadvance

D.willbringaboutdisturbingresults

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thoughtthattheyknewagreatdealandcouldsolvemostproblemofscience

B.wereafraidoffacinguptotherealitiesofscientificresearch

C.knewthattheywereignorantandwantedtoknowmoreaboutnature

D.didmoreharmthangoodinpromotingman’sunderstandingofnature

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyinventedfalsetheoriestoexplainthingtheydidn'tunderstand.

B.Theyfalselyclaimedtoknowallaboutnature.

C.Theydidnotbelieveinresultsfromscientificobservation.

D.Theypaidlittleattentiontotheproblemstheydidn’tunderstand.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Heisdepressedbecauseoftheignoranceofscientists.

B.Heisdoubtfulbecauseoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.

C.Heisconfidentthoughheisawareoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.

D.Heisdelightedbecauseoftheilluminatingscientificfindings.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一句“Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.”指出科學(xué)是很難預(yù)測的，如果真是科學(xué)，也就不可能去預(yù)測。文中的predict對應(yīng)于選項(xiàng)B中的foreseen，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章中的“Itwouldhaveamazedthatthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.”“如果18世紀(jì)的科學(xué)家們被告知我們?nèi)祟悓κ澜鐜缀跏且粺o所知的，那么他們將會非常震驚”可推斷出18世紀(jì)的科學(xué)家并不認(rèn)為自己對世界一無所知，所以A選項(xiàng)‘認(rèn)為他們知道很多，可以解決大多數(shù)科學(xué)問題’正確，C選項(xiàng)與A選項(xiàng)表述相反，錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“不敢面對科學(xué)研究的事實(shí)”和D選項(xiàng)“在人類對自然界的理解方面產(chǎn)生了更多的不好的影響”沒有在文章中體現(xiàn)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章中的“Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.”“在早期，我們要么假裝知道事物的規(guī)律，要么對此置之不理或者用編造故事的方式來搪塞?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“捏造錯誤的理論來解釋他們不知道的事物”、B選項(xiàng)“他們假裝知道有關(guān)自然界的一切”和D選項(xiàng)“他們對不懂的事情置之不理”都是早期科學(xué)家的特點(diǎn)，只有C選項(xiàng)“他們不相信科學(xué)觀察得出的結(jié)果”沒有提及，或者用排除法，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章中的“Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan'tbeanswered,soonerorlater...”“盡管有困難，但人類遲早會解決這些問題”所以C選項(xiàng)“雖然意識到困難重重但還是很有信心”符合作者對科學(xué)的態(tài)度。

13.單選題

Thebranchesofthesmalltreecouldhardly（

）theweightofthefruit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retain

B.maintain

C.remain

D.sustain

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。retain“保持，記住”；maintain“保持”；remain“保持，留下”；sustain“維持，支持，支撐”。句意；小樹的枝丫很難承受果實(shí)的重量。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Topicsofconversationshouldbe（）totheexperiencesandinterestsofthestudents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rigid

B.rigorous

C.relevant

D.remarkable

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。rigid嚴(yán)格的，死板的；rigorous嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)酷的；relevant相關(guān)的，常與介詞to搭配，意為與……相關(guān)；remarkable卓越的，非凡的。只有relevant能與句中的to搭配。句意：對話的主題應(yīng)該與學(xué)生的經(jīng)歷和興趣相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

15.單選題

Thetownwas（

）afterfiftyyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exclusive

B.subsequent

C.invariable

D.resolute

【答案】C

【解析】exclusive獨(dú)有的，排外的；subsequent后來的，隨后的；invariable不變的；resolute堅決的，果斷的。句意：五十年后，這個城鎮(zhèn)還是老樣子。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

16.單選題

TheDaodejingisalmostcertainlythemostadmiredancientChinesephilosophicaltextamongmodemWesterners.Sincethemid-19thcenturyithasbeentranslatedintoEnglishdozensoftimes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.almostcertainly

B.ancientChinesephilosophicaltext

C.Sincethemid-19thcentury

D.Englishdozensoftimes.

E.沒有問題

【答案】E

【解析】沒有錯誤。句意:《道德經(jīng)》幾乎可以肯定是現(xiàn)代西方人中最受敬仰的中國古代哲學(xué)文本。自19世紀(jì)中期以來，它被多次翻譯成英文。

17.單選題

Journalistsusuallyrefertowhattheywriteasstories.Notarticlesorreports,occasionallypieces,butstories.Thisdoesnotapplyonlytoreportersbuttoeverybodyintheeditorialchain,fromdeskeditors,copyeditors,specialistandsportswriterstotheeditorhimorherself.Wordspublishedinnewspapers,onairoronlinearestories.

Storiessoundinteresting;reportssounddull.Tosome,storiesmeanfiction:"Tellmeastory,mummy”.Storiesaretallandshort,madeupandtrue.Truestoriesareaboutwhathappened.Wetellstoriesinconversation,recountingexperiencesandeventsinwhichwetookpartorobserve.Thecrucialthingaboutastoryisthatotherpeoplewanttohearit,becauseitisinterestingorentertaining.Otherwisethestorytellerisabore.

Sojournalistswritestoriesfortheirreaderstotellthemwhatisgoingon,toinformthem,engagethem,entertainthem,shockthem,amusethem,disturbthem,upliftthem.Thesubjectmatterwillvaryaccordingtothenatureofthepublicationandtheintendedaudience.Thegoodnewspapereditorwillhaveaclearideaofthesortofpeoplewhoarereadingit,andcatertotheirinterestsandpreoccupations,sometimestheirprejudices.Andthepaperwillincludethatvitalingredientserendipity-thestoryyoudidn’texpect,the"justfancythat",theabsurditiesaswellasthetravailsofthehumancondition.

Journalismisbasicallyasimplegame.Itisaboutfindingthingsoutandtellingotherpeopleaboutthem.Thefindingoutrequiresavarietyofskillsbecausethoseinpoweroftenpreferthatweknowonlysomuch.Journalismisaboutholdingsuchpeopletoaccount,exposingtheirhumbugandhypocrisy,theabuseoftheirpower.Thisincludesthecontrolitgivesthemovertheflowofinformation,theabilitytoburythebadnews,tospinandobfuscate.Goodjournalistsmustasktheawkwardquestionsandquestiontheanswers,mustdigtounearthandthenexplain,makingcomprehensiblethatwhichauthority,byintentorverbalinadequacy,hasleftconfused,incompleteorplainmendacious.Incomprehensiblejournalismisquitesimplybadjournalism,andthereforepointless.

Ultimatelythereisonlyonepurpose:tomakethereaderreadthestory.Iftheydon't,whatwasthepointoffindingitoutandtellingit?Thisbookletpicksupthestorywhenthereaderhasreachedthestageofdecidingtoaddressthestory.Thatisnotthesameasreadingit,orevenreadingacertainamountofit.Theyhavejustreachedthefirstword,perhapsattractedbythepicture,theextractedquote,oranyoftheotherpresentationaldevicesusedtodragthereadertothestory.Wehavereachedthestagewherethereaderisgoingtosubjectthestorytothefinaltest,readingsomeorallofin.Thisisaboutwriting.

Newspaperreadingisdifferentfromreadingabook.Itisselective,doesnotinvolvecommitmenttothewhole.Relativelylittletimeisspentreadingadailynewspaper.Thenewspaperreader,unlikethereaderofthemoreliterarynovel,doesnotexpecttoinvesteffortintheendeavour.Heorshewillnotreadasentenceorparagraphasecondtimetobeclearaboutwhatisbeingsaid.Confusion,moreoftenthannot,willmeanabandoningthestoryaltogetherandmovingon.Manynewspaperreadersskim,sampleorgetaflavourofastoryratherthanreadingitthrough.

Sojournalisticwritingisdifferentfromcreativewriting.Manyyoungpeoplethinktheywouldliketobejournalistsbecausetheyhave"alwayslovedwriting”orstartedwritingpoemswhentheywereeight.Itiscertainlynotenoughandmaywellbeabarriertosuccessinjournalism.ThelateNicholasTomalinfamouslywrotethat"theonlyqualitiesessentialforrealsuccessinjournalismarerat-likecunning,aplausiblemanner,andalittleliteraryability."Heincludedwriting,butheplaceditthirdandprefaceditwithadiminutive.Thewritingmatters;butdon'tthinkofitasart.Thinkofitasworkingwriting,writingdoingajob,writingthatputsacrossinformationinawaythatmakesreaderswanttoabsorbit.

Atatimewhenthevastmajorityofentrantstojournalismhavedegrees—welcomebecausejournalisminacomplexworldisanintellectualpursuititisworthpointingoutthatwritingfornewspapersisalsoverydifferentfromtheacademicwritingofstudentessays.Notimetoproducearoutemapfortheessayandreachthepointsomewhereneartheend;thejournalistmustgrabtheattentionatonce.

Itisdifficulttowritesimplyandengagingly,sothatreaderswillkeepreading;toexplainsothatallthereadersunderstand,andwantto.Thisisthetaskthewritingjournalisthas.

1.Whichofthefollowingismostlyusedbyjournaliststodescribethepiecestheywrite?

2.Whatshouldagoodnewspapereditordoaccordingtothetext?

3.ThequoteofNicholasTomalinisusedtoexpressthat（）

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTadifferencebetweennewspaperreadingandbookreading?

5.Whatisthefinalpurposeforjournalisticwritingaccordingtothetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Reports.

B.Stories.

C.Articles.

D.Pieces.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Findthingsoutandtellreadersaboutthem.

B.Grabtheattentionatonce.

C.Catertoreaders’interestsandpreoccupations.

D.Controltheflowofinformation.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Journalisticwritingisdifferentfromwritingasanart.

B.Itisdifficulttowritesimplyandengaginglyforreaderstokeepreading.

C.Newspaperreadingisdifferentfromreadingabook.

D.Journalismisbasicallyasimplegame.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Contentsareselectedinnewspapers.

B.Lesstimeisspentreadinganewspaper.

C.Newspaperreadersareexpectedtoinvesteffortintheendeavour.

D.Newspaperreadersgetaflavourofastoryratherthanreadingitthrough.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Makingreadersspendmoretimereadinganewspaper.

B.Connectingreaderswithgovernments.

C.Makingreadersreadthestory.

D.Explaininginawaysothatallthereadersunderstand.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出“Notarticlesorreports,occasionallypieces,butstories”，不是文章或報告，偶爾的作品是故事。由此可知B項(xiàng)“故事”正確。

第2題:2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第三段“Thegoodnewspapereditorwillhaveaclearideaofthesortofpeoplewhoarereadingit,andcatertotheirinterestsandpreoccupations,sometimestheirprejudices”，一位好的報紙編輯要有明確的概念，即：什么樣的人會讀報紙，要迎合讀者的興趣，抓住讀者的注意力，有時可能要關(guān)注他們的偏見。因此C項(xiàng)“迎合讀者的興趣，抓住讀者的注意力”正確。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。對NicholasTomalin所述的引用在第七段，第七段的主題句是“Sojournalisticwritingisdifferentfromcreativewriting”，所以新聞寫作不同于創(chuàng)意寫作。此后的每句都是在論證這一主題句，因此A項(xiàng)“新聞寫作不同于創(chuàng)意寫作”正確。

第4題:4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A:報紙上的內(nèi)容是選擇性的。第六段指出“Itisselective”，它是選擇性的，因此A項(xiàng)正確。B：讀報所花的時間更少。根據(jù)“Relativelylittletimeisspentreadingadailynewspaper”可知B項(xiàng)正確。C：報紙讀者應(yīng)該在這方面努力。根據(jù)“Thenewspaperreader,doesnotexpecttoinvesteffortintheendeavour”，看報的人并不需要投入太多的精力，因此C項(xiàng)與原文不符。D：報紙讀者偏愛故事，而不喜歡從頭到尾讀。根據(jù)“Manynewspaperreadersskim,sampleorgetaflavourofastoryratherthanreadingitthrough”，許多讀報者只是略讀，僅僅粗略看看故事而不是精讀，因此D項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:5.判斷推理題。文章講述了新聞寫作的特點(diǎn)與要求。因?yàn)榭磮笳咄ǔㄝ^少的時間瀏覽報紙各版面，所以新聞作品要迎合讀者口味，吸引他們的注意力。故本題選A項(xiàng)“讓讀者花費(fèi)更多的時間去閱讀報紙”。

18.單選題

PatentmedicineusedinAmericadatesbacktotheearlydaysoftheRepublic,whendrugsimportedfromEuropeweresoldbypostmasters,goldsmiths,grocers,andtailors.TheiruseexpandedduringtheJacksonaneraasAmericansrebelledagainsttraditionaldoctorsandenthusiasticallyendorsed:quackery.Increasingurbanizationandindustrializationalsofedthemarketforpatentmedicines,asnewdrugswereneededtocombatepidemics.Butthese:sales,bymid-century,wereduetotwonon-medicalevents.

Patentlegislationin1793madeitpossibleformanufactures,toprotecttheirproductagainstcounterfeiters.Butmostmanufacturersdidnotseekpatentsontheformulasfortheirmedicines,sincethesewereoftencombinationsofcommonproductslikealcoholandvegetableextractswhichtheypreferrednottoreveal.Instead,theysoughtpatentsontheshapeofthebottle,promotionalmaterials,andlabelinformation.

Thenumberofnewspapers-publishedinthecountrygrewfrom200duringJefferson’sadministrationtoover4000atthetimeofLincoln'spresidency.Thepennypress,begunbyBenjaminDayin1833wasmarketedatamassaudienceandcostjustonecentperissue.Torecoverrevenuelostfromsubscriptionprices,Dayandotherssoughtprofitsthroughadvertising.Patentmedicinewasperfectproducttoadvertiseinpennypaperssinceitssensationalclaimsbuttressedthesensationalbentofthenewsandstoriesinthem.

“LydiaPinkham’sVegetableCompound”wasthemost,successfulpatentmedicineofthecentury,andMrs.Pinkham’sfacewasknownacrossthecountry.LikemostAmericans,shewasconvincedthatDivineProvidencehadstockedthepromisedlandwithvegetablesandherbsunknownelsewhere,whichcouldcuredisease.Mrs.Pinkhamreceivedthebasicformulaforhernostrumaspaymentforadebtowedbyherhusband.Asaresultofsevereeconomichardshipsforherfamily,shebeganheavypromotionofthemedicineinBostonnewspapersin1876,andhersonattachedhismother'spicturetotheproduct.Thuswasbornmodemadvertising.Mrs.Pinkhamwaspopularwithherfemalefollowersforherfeministbent,andforthefactthatsheencouragedthemtowriteherforadvice.AnanalysisofthecompoundbytheAMAin1914revealedthatitwas20percentalcohol,withtherestmadeofvegetableextracts.

1.Whataspectofpatentmedicinedoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theauthorimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingwasthereasonwhymostmanufacturerspreferrednottoseekpatentsontheirmedicines?

3.Accordingtoparagraph3,theresultofmarketingthepennypressatamassaudiencewas（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingdidpatentmedicineandthepennypresshaveincommon,accordingtothepassage?

5.WhydoestheauthormentionMrs.Pinkharn'sphoto?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thedangers

B.Whyiswassopopular

C.Asanexampleofquackery

D.Themostsuccessfulproducts

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theymademaremoneyfromthebottlethanthecontents

B.Theyconsidereditwasn'tnecessarybecauseofthehighdemandfortheseproducts

C.Thepatentlegislationwasnotaneffectiveprotectionagainstcopies

D.Theyusuallyblendedcommonproductsintomedicines

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.adecreaseinrevenue

B.decreasedsubscriptions

C.increasedadvertising

D.increasedsalesofpatentmedicines

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Anapproachtogainingattentionofthepublic

B.Abeliefinadvertising

C.Theneedtorecovermoney

D.Amassaudience

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseofherson

B.Asanexampleofthepromotionalapproach

C.Tohelpexplainwhyshewassopopularwithwomen

D.Becauseofherhusband

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.試題解析：主旨大意題。文章第一段主要介紹了專利藥品在美國的起源以及當(dāng)時銷售的渠道；第二段主要介紹了專利權(quán)立法的作用以及制造商用它保護(hù)藥品的產(chǎn)品包裝，而不是藥物本身的配方；第三段主要講述了專利藥廣告在報紙上的刊登，能帶來銷量；第四段以具體的例子，介紹專利藥受歡迎的原因。因此B選項(xiàng)“為什么這么受歡迎”最符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Butmostmanufacturersdidnotseekpatentsontheformulasfortheirmedicines,sincethesewereoftencombinationsofcommonproductslikealcoholandvegetableextractswhichtheypreferrednottoreveal.（但是大多數(shù)制造商并沒有為他們的藥物的配方申請專利，因?yàn)檫@些藥品通常是他們不愿意透露的普通產(chǎn)品的組合，如酒精和蔬菜提取物）可知D選項(xiàng)“他們通常將普通產(chǎn)品混合成藥品”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Thepennypress,begunbyBenjaminDayin1833wasmarketedatamassaudienceandcostjustonecentperissue.Torecoverrevenuelostfromsubscriptionprices,Dayandotherssoughtprofitsthroughadvertising.（由BenjaminDay于1833年創(chuàng)辦的廉價在大眾受眾中銷售，每期僅售一分錢。為了彌補(bǔ)訂閱價格損失的收入，Day和其他人通過廣告尋求利潤）可知向大眾推銷廉價報紙的結(jié)果是收入的減少，因此選A。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Torecoverrevenuelostfromsubscriptionprices,Dayandotherssoughtprofitsthroughadvertising.Patentmedicinewasperfectproducttoadvertiseinpennypaperssinceitssensationalclaimsbuttressedthesensationalbentofthenewsandstoriesinthem.（為了彌補(bǔ)訂閱價格損失的收入，Day和其他人通過廣告尋求利潤。專利藥是在廉價報紙上做廣告的完美產(chǎn)品，由于其聳人聽聞的說法支持了新聞和故事的聳人聽聞的傾向）可知專利藥在報紙上做廣告的目的是為了吸引觀眾，銷售其產(chǎn)品來獲利，廉價報紙的發(fā)行也是為了獲利，因此選C。

5.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的的Asaresultofsevereeconomichardshipsforherfamily,shebeganheavypromotionofthemedicineinBostonnewspapersin1876,andhersonattachedhismother'spicturetotheproduct.Thuswasbornmodemadvertising.（由于家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難，她于1876年開始在波士頓報紙上大力推廣這種藥物，她的兒子把她的照片貼在產(chǎn)品上。因此，現(xiàn)代廣告誕生了）可知作者提及Mrs.Pinkharn'sphoto的照片是把其當(dāng)作推銷手段中的一個例子，因此選B。

19.單選題

Youshould（

）yourroomnowandthentokeepitsuppliedwithfreshair.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.versatile

B.ventilate

C.verify

D.versify

【答案】B

【解析】句意:你必須馬上給房間通風(fēng)，以保證房間里的新鮮空氣。

考查動詞辨析。Versatile多才多藝的,多功能的;ventilate使通風(fēng);verify核實(shí),查對;versify以詩體寫。故B符合句意。

20.單選題

It’sgoodtoknowthatquiteafewpopularEnglishexpressionsactually（）fromtheBible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquire

B.result

C.obtain

D.derive

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)acquire表示“獲得，取得”；B選項(xiàng)result表示“結(jié)果，導(dǎo)致”；C選項(xiàng)obtain表示“獲得，取得”；D選項(xiàng)derive表示“源于，得自”。根據(jù)句意可知，很多流行的英語表達(dá)實(shí)際上來自圣經(jīng)。因此，本題選擇D項(xiàng)最符合句意。

21.單選題

ProfessorTomkins,aneminentheartsurgeon,isscheduled（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.torapaboutwaysofdoingheartsurgery

B.tolectureonheart-surgerytechniques

C.todeliveradiscourseonvariousproceduresinthematterofheartsurgery

D.togiveatalkabouthowtodoheartoperations

【答案】D

【解析】考查同義詞辨析。rap：交談（非正式）；lecture：演講，講課，尤指大學(xué)中的演講、講座、講課，強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)術(shù)性；discourse：演講，論述，著述，尤指對某嚴(yán)肅話題口頭或書面的；talk：演說，講話，普通用詞，指關(guān)于某一特定話題的演講或講座。題干為：湯姆金斯教授，一位著名的心臟外科醫(yī)生，準(zhǔn)備就心臟手術(shù)發(fā)表演講。因此，這里用D項(xiàng)比較合適。

22.單選題

______Iadmitthatthereareproblems,Idon’tthinkthattheycannotbesolved.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.While

B.Unless

C.As

D.Since

【答案】A

【解析】考查連詞的用法。句意：盡管我承認(rèn)有問題，但我不認(rèn)為它們不可解決。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

23.單選題

Weare（）facedwiththenecessarytorecognizethathavingmorepeopleimpliesalowstandardofliving.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.readily

B.smoothly

C.inevitably

D.deliberately

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)readily“容易地，樂意地”，B項(xiàng)smoothly“平穩(wěn)地，平滑地”，C項(xiàng)inevitably“不可避免地”，D項(xiàng)deliberately“故意地”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞withthenecessaryto（有必要）可知，空格部分填入inevitably最合適。句意：我們不可避免地必須要認(rèn)識到人越多生活水平越低。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Theinterviewisanimportanteventinthejob-huntingprocess,becausethe20or30minutesyouspendwiththeinterviewermaydeterminewhetherornotyougettheparticularjobyouwant.Therefore,itisimportanttorememberthatyourobjectiveduringtheinterviewmaydifferfromtheobjectiveofthepotentialemployer.Youwanttomakeyourselfstandoutasawholepersonwhohaspersonalstrengths,iswellqualified,andshouldbeconsideredtherightpersonforthejob.Itisencouragingtoknowthattheinterviewer’staskisnottoembarrassyouortotripyou,buttohiretherightpersonforthejob.

Remember,jobhuntingisverycompetitive.Anythingyoucandotoenhanceyourinterviewtechniqueswillbetoyouradvantage.Thefollowingsuggestionsmayhelpyoulandthemostimportantjob.

Yourgoalinthisinterviewistomakesureyourgoodpointsgetacross.Theinterviewerwon’tknowthemunlessyoupointthemout,sotrytodothisinafactualandsinceremanner.

Don’tsayanythingbadaboutyourformeremployers.Ifyouhavebeenfiredfromajobandtheinterviewerasksaboutit,befrankinyouranswer.

Showtheinterviewerthatyouareinterestedinthecompanybyaskingrelevantquestions.Askaboutresponsibilities,workingconditions,promotionopportunitiesandfringebenefits（附加福利）ofthejobyouareinterviewingfor.

Ifathomepointyoudecidetheinterviewisnotgoingwell,donotletyourdiscouragementshow.Youhavenothingtolosebycontinuingashowofconfidence,andyoumayhavemuchtogain.Itmaybewell,oritmaybeatesttoseehowyoureacttoadverseconditions.

Someinterviewersmaybringupsalaryearlyintheinterview.Atthistime,youmayindicatethatyouaremoreinterestedinajobwhereyoucanproveyourselfthanaspecificsalary.Thispolitelypassesthequestionbacktotheinterviewer.Iftheinterviewercontinuestopress,givehimarangeorsuggestthegoingrateforaparticularjob.Ifpossible,youshouldnegotiateforsalaryafteryouhavebeenofferedajobandwhenyouarereadytocompletethepaperwork.

1.Togetthejobyouwant,duringtheinterviewyoushould（）.

2.Ifyoudidnotgetalongwithyourformeremployer,you（）.

3.Whenyoufindtheinterviewisnotgoingwellyoushould（）.

4.Thebesttimetodiscussyoursalaryis（）.

5.Themostimportantthingtododuringaninterviewis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.avoidtheinterviewer’squestionsthataredesignedtotripyou

B.rememberthatyouarethebestqualifiedcandidate

C.makeyourselfstandoutastherightpersonforthejob

D.keepinmindthatitdetermineswhetherornotyougettheparticularjobyouwant

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.shouldtelltheinterviewerfrankly

B.shouldnotspeakillofhim

C.shouldrefertohiminafactualmanner

D.shouldnevermentionit

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.keepupyourconfidence

B.bringittoanendassoonaspossible

C.tellyourinterviewerhowyoureacttoadversecondition

D.tellyourselfyouhavemuchtogainandnothingtolose

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.whenyouhavebeenofferedthejob

B.attheendoftheinterview

C.afteryou